Abstract:目的:利用亲和层析法将家蚕幼虫中高效表达的重组人胰岛素样生长因子(recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1,rhIGF-1)纯化并鉴定,以得到具有免疫学活性和生物学活性的rhIGF-1生物制品.方法:蚕血淋巴中rhIGF-1初步提纯去除杂质,采用亲和层析法纯化rhIGF-1.以ELISA法测定纯化产物中rhIGF-1含量,用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析鉴定rhIGF-1纯度及免疫学活性,4-甲基偶氮唑蓝(tetrazolium salt,MTT)法观察其对MCF-7细胞增殖的影响.结果:纯化后rhIGF-1纯度约为40％,Western blot分析发现,主要纯化产物相对分子质量为7.5 ku的成熟hIGF-1,所含非目的产物与hIGF-1无免疫交叉反应.细胞活性刺激实验显示,rhIGF-1纯品对MCF-7细胞有较好的刺激活性,促增殖能力优于来源于大肠杆菌的rhIGF-1产品.结论:蚕血淋巴中的rhIGF-1经亲和层析后初步得到纯化,并显示良好的免疫学活性和生物学活性.

Abstract:目的:创建一种重复性好、细胞量多的人肾近端小管细胞(PTC)培养方法.方法:取新鲜正常人肾组织分离纯化,用含10％新生牛血清等营养充分的DMEM/F12(1:1)液进行近端小管细胞的原代培养及传代,并以免疫组化、酶化学染色、透射电镜鉴定.结果:培养5～6天后融合成单层细胞,形态呈鹅卵石样,可传代7～9代,鉴定确定为人肾近端小管细胞,重复培养10次,均能稳定获得同样细胞,每克肾皮质可分离培养出(6～12)×106个PTC.结论:此培养方法可在7天内获得人肾近端小管细胞,且重复性好,细胞数量多,为进行肾小管细胞治疗提供必需的细胞,也为研究肾小管病变提供实验平台.

Abstract:目的:探讨1型糖尿病自身抗原胰岛素瘤相关蛋白-2(IA-2)高表达对胰岛细胞系RIN5F细胞增殖、生长周期和细胞凋亡的影响.方法:利用分子克隆技术构建IA-2真核表达载体,转染RIN5F细胞后筛选稳定高表达IA-2的细胞系,采用3-(4,5-二甲基)-5-(3-羧甲基苯环)-2-(4-硫基苯)-2H-四唑盐复合物(MTS)检测法确定细胞增殖速率,运用流式细胞术检测细胞生长周期和细胞凋亡水平.结果:IA-2高表达细胞增殖速率显著低于载体对照组细胞(P＜0.05).IA-2高表达细胞的细胞凋亡数显著高于载体对照组细胞(P＜0.01).IA-2高表达细胞中位于S期的细胞比率显著增加,而G2/M期的细胞比率减少(P＜0.05).结论:IA-2在胰岛细胞内高表达可抑制胰岛细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡,在G2-M期细胞生长阻滞.

Abstract:目的:研究高磷饮食对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)大鼠肾脏Ⅱa型钠-磷协同转运体(NaPi-2)mRNA表达的影响.方法:24只SD大鼠,随机分为CRF高磷饮食组、CRF低磷饮食组、假手术高磷饮食组与假手术低磷饮食组,用5/6肾大部切除术构建CRF大鼠模型,分别予高磷(含磷1.2％)或低磷(含磷0.2％)饮食,测定2、7、14天血离子钙(iCa)、磷(P)、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH);第14天测血1,25-(OH)2D3,RT-PCR法检测NaPi-2 mRNA表达.结果:2周后CRF模型中高磷饮食组较低磷组肾脏NaPi-2mRNA表达明显减低(P＜0.01),血P明显增高(P＜0.05),iPTH明显增高(P＜0.01),血 iCa及1,25-(OH)2D3两组无明显差异(P＞0.05).假手术组中高磷饮食组较低磷组NaPi-2 mRNA表达减低(P＜0.05),血iCa、P、iPTH及1,25-(OH)2D3均无变化(P＞0.05).CRF组较假手术组NaPi-2mRNA表达明显减少(P＜0.05).结论:高磷饮食引起CRF大鼠NaPi-2mRNA表达减少,高磷血症可能是iPTH增高、不受钙和1,25-(OH)2D3影响的独立因素.

Abstract:目的:观察阿妥伐他汀对高糖培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增生的作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法:用不同浓度的阿妥伐他汀刺激高糖培养的系膜细胞,用4-甲基偶氮四唑蓝(tetrazolium salt,MTT)法观察其增殖情况,并通过流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期变化.结果:阿妥伐他汀在一定范围内以剂量依赖及时间依赖关系抑制高糖诱导的肾小球系膜细胞过度增生,并使G0G1期细胞比例增高,S期细胞数减少,促进过度增殖的系膜细胞凋亡.结论:阿妥伐他汀能够抑制高糖诱导的系膜细胞增生,这种作用可能是通过抑制细胞分裂、复制以及促进细胞凋亡实现的.

Abstract:目的:探讨羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂氟伐他汀对肾小球硬化大鼠转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的影响及其与纤维蛋白溶解酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)、Ⅳ型胶原的关系.方法:用5/6肾切除的方法诱导大鼠肾小球硬化模型,随机分为对照组、氟伐他汀(2 mg·kg-1·d-1),苯那普利(6 mg·kg-1·d-1)及假手术组.10周时测尿量、尿蛋白、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、血肌酐、血胆固醇和血三酰甘油.肾组织行苏木精-伊红及PAS染色,并计算肾小球硬化指数(GSI),免疫组化检测肾组织Ⅳ型胶原水平表达,蛋白印迹测定肾皮质PAI-1、TGF-β1的蛋白水平表达.结果:氟伐他汀及苯那普利治疗组尿蛋白、GSI及肾组织Ⅳ型胶原表达明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),PAI-1、TGF-β1表达亦低于对照组,Ccr明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:氟伐他汀可抑制TGF-β1及PAI-1,减少Ⅳ型胶原积聚,减轻肾小球硬化,降低蛋白尿,改善肾功能,其对肾脏的保护作用并不依赖降胆固醇作用.

Abstract:目的:研究干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)对甲状腺滤泡细胞膜上钠/碘转运体(NIS)基因表达的影响,探讨细胞因子在甲状腺生理功能调控和甲状腺疾病发病机制中的作用和地位.方法:取Graves病(GD)患者的甲状腺组织,进行甲状腺细胞原代培养,培养5天后,吸去培养液,换用含不同浓度IFN-γ的试验液,与单层培养的滤泡上皮细胞共同孵育48 h,运用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测钠碘转运体(NIS)mRNA表达的变化.结果:IFN-γ浓度在0、1 U/ml时,GD甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞膜上NIS mRNA表达无明显差异;IFN-γ浓度在10、100U/ml时,NIS基因表达比前一浓度时明显受抑制(P＜0.05);IFN-γ浓度为1000U/ml时,NIS基因表达量与前一浓度比较无统计学差别.结论:IFN-γ可抑制甲状腺滤泡细胞基膜上NIS基因的表达,提示细胞因子在甲状腺生理功能调控和甲状腺疾病发病机制中发挥重要作用.

Abstract:目的:研究用于肿瘤磁流体热疗的自制纳米级Mn-Zn铁氧体(Mn0.5Zn05Fe2O4)的生物相容性.方法:溴化-3(4,5-二甲基噻唑基-2)-2,5-二苯基四唑(MTT)实验评价其体外细胞毒性;溶血试验评价其有无溶血作用;小鼠腹腔注射其无菌生理盐水混悬液以测定其LD50及最大耐受量(MTD);微核试验评价其有无致畸、致突变作用等.结果:MTT显示该材料对L-929细胞毒性为0～1级;无溶血作用;昆明小鼠腹腔注射该材料混悬液1ml,在极限浓度时的LD50测不出,MTD值达到6 g/kg;微核实验结果表明无致畸致突变作用.结论:该材料是一种具有良好生物相容性的材料,应用于肿瘤热疗具有广阔前景.

Abstract:目的:提取和纯化牛心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTu Ⅰ).方法:心室肌经匀浆、离心、盐析提取、CM Sephadex C-50柱层析、DEAE Sephdex A-50柱层析,获得牛cTn Ⅰ.结果:从100g湿重牛心肌中获得15 mg牛cTnⅠ,SDS-PAGE示牛cTn Ⅰ相对分子质量约为27 ku,纯度约为90％,Western印迹证实纯化的牛cTnⅠ可被抗人cTnⅠ单克隆抗体识别.结论:实验从牛心肌中成功制备cTn Ⅰ.

Abstract:目的:观察酒精对大鼠闪光视觉诱发电位(FVEP)的影响及纳洛酮的翻转作用.方法:38只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、酒精组、低剂量纳洛酮组和高剂量纳洛酮组.首先记录麻醉平稳后60min内正常大鼠FVEP正常值,然后观察酒精对大鼠FVEP的影响,最后分别观察两种剂量的纳洛酮对酒精致大鼠FVEP影响的翻转作用.结果:酒精使大鼠FVEP-P1潜时明显延长(P＜0.01),低剂量纳洛酮不能翻转酒精致大鼠的FVEP-P1延长(P＞0.05),高剂量纳洛酮能明显翻转酒精致大鼠FVEP-P1延长(P＜0.01).结论:酒精能使闪光视觉诱发电位潜时延长,表明其对视功能具有损害作用,低剂量纳洛酮不能翻转其损害作用,而高剂量纳洛酮则能翻转其损害作用.

Abstract:目的:通过单光子发射计算机断层显像(single photon emission computerized tomography,SPECT)技术对比分析不同剂型的神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)经静脉注射后在体内的靶向分布情况.方法:将[99mTc]-NGF用脂质体包裹后,按照以下条件处理:将包裹含有4.0 mCi[99mTc]-NGF的脂质体A注射至新西兰兔体内,利用SPECT分析其在脑部分布的百分数.对照组以相同放射剂量的[99mTc]-NGF、[99mTc]-NGF-普通脂质体B处理.结果:自制注射用脂质体A组包裹的[99mTc]-NGF经SPECT显像,其在脑部的放射性计数较高,而[99mTc]-NGF组几乎全部从泌尿系统代谢、[99mTc]-NGF-普通脂质体B组基本被网状内皮系统吞噬后沉积于肝脏.结论:此自制NGF-脂质体A具有一定的脑组织靶向性,为携带药物透过血脑屏障(blood-brainbarrier,BBB)奠定基础.

Abstract:目的:摸索从全骨髓诱导培养分化神经细胞的方法,并从形态学上观察其演变规律.方法:抽取SD大鼠骨髓做全骨髓细胞培养,用光镜观察不同阶段的形态,荧光激活细胞计数仪(FACS)追踪由骨髓到神经元样细胞不同阶段nestin和Neuronal nuclei(NeuN)的表达趋势,给予定性、定量,以及免疫细胞化学鉴定.结果:骨髓细胞至10天开始分化,逐渐发育成为神经元样细胞.Nestin在15天时达到高峰为22.7％,NeuN于30天达到高峰为41.2％,而此时nestin阳性细胞为5.9％.免疫细胞化学鉴定出神经干细胞、神经元和胶质细胞.结论:建立了全骨髓细胞体外分离、培养的条件,具有简捷和高效的价值.

Abstract:目的:观察马鞭草C部位(Verbena officinalis C)对人绒癌JAR细胞周期分布和凋亡的影响,探讨其诱导凋亡机制.方法:采用MTT比色法测定马鞭草C部位对JAR细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞仪检测其对JAR细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡的影响:RT-PCR检测药物作用前后Bax和Bcl-2 mRNA表达变化.结果:马鞭草C部位抑制绒癌JAR细胞增殖,并呈明显时间和剂量效应关系.流式细胞仪结果显示,与对照组比较,40g/L马鞭草C部位处理48 h后,使JAR细胞G2/M期增加154.3％,S期比例降低41.6％;JAR细胞凋亡率增加6.74倍.不同剂量马鞭草C部位处理JAR细胞48 h后,Bax表达水平增加,Bcl-2表达水平下降,并呈剂量依赖性.结论:马鞭草C部位阻滞绒癌JAR细胞于G2/M期,通过改变Bax和Bcl-2表达,诱导JAR细胞凋亡.

Abstract:目的:探讨沙土鼠短暂脑缺血后海马区细胞凋亡与Bcl-2表达的改变及尼莫地平的影响.方法:52只健康沙土鼠随机分成3组,假手术组(n=12),尼莫地平组(n=20),对照组(n=20).采用夹闭双侧颈总动脉制成全脑缺血模型.尼莫地平组及对照组均夹闭双侧颈总动脉5 min,随即分别予尼莫地平注射液(1 mg/kg)及等量生理盐水腹腔注射.3组分别于再灌注24、48、72、168 h断头取脑,海马石蜡切片,原位末端标记法(TUNEL)测定海马CA1区锥体细胞凋亡阳性数及免疫组化法测定Bcl-2反应强度.结果:对照组72 h见大量凋亡细胞;Bcl-2在72 h表达最强,168 h明显减少.尼莫地平组凋亡细胞数明显减少(P＜0.01),Bcl-2在24、48、72、168 h均有较强表达(P＜0.01).结论:尼莫地平可显著减少沙土鼠脑缺血后海马CA1区细胞凋亡的发生,并可增强Bcl-2的表达;脑缺血后及时应用尼莫地平治疗具有明显脑保护作用.

Abstract:目的:构建干扰素真核表达载体及干扰素对T细胞淋巴瘤细胞株Jurkat的作用.方法:将编码干扰素的基因片段插入到真核表达载体pCI中,构建的重组体转化大肠杆菌HB101,经筛选鉴定后,再转染哺乳动物细胞,检测其表达产物.(MTT)法测定梯度浓度的干扰素-α对Jurkat细胞增殖起杀伤作用.结果:电泳显示目的基因片段已正确地插入到真核表达载体中,其阳性克隆转染哺乳动物细胞后的产物可表达干扰素的活性及对Jurkat的作用.结论:干扰素-α真核表达载体构建成功.

Abstract:目的:研究氯胺酮雾化吸入对致敏豚鼠气管平滑肌PKC活性的影响.方法:①10只雄性豚鼠用整体引喘法分别测定雾化吸入1％～5％氯胺酮10 min后豚鼠气道反应性的变化.②40只雄性豚鼠随机分为正常组(N组)、哮喘组(A组)、3％和5％氯胺酮雾化吸入组(K1组和K2组,n=10).A组、K1组和K2组均在激发哮喘发作后,分别给予0.9％NaCl、3％或5％氯胺酮雾化吸入10 min.1周后,取所有豚鼠的气管测定PKC活性.结果:①2％～5％氯胺酮雾化吸入10 min后有明显的气道舒张作用(P＞0.05).②气道平滑肌内PKC活性A组较N组明显升高(P＜0.05).K1和K2组气道平滑肌内PKC活性均比N组高,但较A组低(P＜0.05),而K1组和K2组之间无明显区别.结论:①2％～5％氯胺酮雾化吸入5 min以上有良好的平喘作用.②致敏豚鼠气管平滑肌的PKC活性较正常豚鼠明显增加.3％和5％氯胺酮雾化吸入对致敏豚鼠气道平滑肌的PKC活化有抑制作用.

Abstract:目的:从人脐血单个核细胞(CBMC)中高效扩增CD56+细胞毒性淋巴细胞.方法:以干细胞生长培养基(SCGM)为基础培养基,设计不同浓度抗CD3单抗、IL-2的培养条件,从CBMC中诱导扩增CD56+细胞毒性淋巴细胞,用四甲基氮唑蓝(MTI)法检测其对肿瘤细胞株K562和Raji的杀伤活性,并与抗CD3单抗激活的杀伤细胞(CD3AK)、细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)进行比较.结果:在以SCGM为基础培养基时,CBMC经500ng/ml抗CD3单抗、500U/ml IL-2作用获得大量增殖,在12天时扩增(14.7±4.0)倍,(56.4±2.8)％为CD56+细胞,其中CD3-CD56+NK细胞和CD3+CD56+T细胞分别占细胞总数的(24.9±5.3)％和(30.0±4.7)％:在效/靶比10:1时,对K562和Raii的杀伤率分别为80.5％和55.3％,均显著高于CD3AK和CIK细胞.结论:在抗CD3单抗和IL-2作用下可使用SCGM,获得以CD56+淋巴细胞为主的强细胞毒性免疫效应细胞,为进行肿瘤过继免疫治疗提供了一种简单的扩增脐血CD56+细胞毒性淋巴细胞的方法.

Abstract:目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及其相应组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)在大肠癌组织中的表达与大肠癌侵袭转移的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测了48例大肠癌组织标本及23例正常大肠标本MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达.结果:48例大肠癌组织MMP-9阳性率为87.5％,显著高于正常大肠标本(P＜0.05),伴有淋巴结转移或肝转移者MMP-9的阳性率明显高于无淋巴结转移或肝转移者(P＜0.05).大肠癌组织TIMP-1的阳性率为54.2％,明显高于正常大肠标本(P＜0.05);MMP-9表达超过TIMP-1者,发生淋巴结转移和肝转移的比例明显高于TIMP-1表达超过MMP-9者.结论:MMP-9和TIMP-1表达失衡和大肠癌的浸润、淋巴结转移、肝转移密切相关,MMP-9有促进肿瘤侵袭转移的作用,TIMP-1和大肠癌的侵袭转移呈负相关;MMP-9表达超过TIMP-1者预后不良.

Abstract:目的:研究胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因(EC-CD)联合干扰素-γ(INF-γ)基因对大肠癌的治疗作用.方法:以重组腺病毒载体AdCMVCD转导EC-CD基因;AdCMV INF-γ转导鼠INF-γ基因.采用体外培养和小鼠移植瘤实验,研究EC-CD基因联合INF-γ基因对CT26大肠癌细胞的杀伤作用.结果:AdCMV IFN-γ感染对CT26细胞生长有明显的抑制作用.AdCMVCD/5-FC联合AdCMV INF-γ可以增强对CT26细胞的杀伤作用,IC50明显变小(P＜0.01),肿瘤生长明显抑制(P＜0.01).组织学检查显示,EC-CD基因与INF-γ基因联合治疗后肿瘤内有大量淋巴细胞浸润.结论:EC-CD基因联合INF-γ基因可以明显增强抗肿瘤效应,局部淋巴细胞浸润增加可能起到一定作用.

Abstract:目的:探讨食管鳞癌基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)和CD147表达及其与癌浸润转移的关系.方法:应用免疫组化S-P法观察70例食管鳞癌组织中MMP-2和CD147的表达,并探讨其与临床病理资料的关系.结果:在低分化、中和高分化食管鳞癌中MMP-2和CD147的阳性率分别为90.5％、87.8％及81.0％、73.5％.在食管鳞癌中,MMP-2及CD147的表达均与食管鳞癌的浸润深度有关,与分化程度无明显关联;有淋巴结转移的病例阳性表达率明显高于无淋巴结转移组.结论:MMP-2和CD147均与食管鳞癌的浸润深度及淋巴结转移有关.

Abstract:目的:检测幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染患者血清中细胞毒相关蛋白CagA和空泡细胞毒素VacA抗体,观察不同菌株对胃黏膜组织学改变的影响.方法:利用免疫印迹法检测139例HP感染的胃十二指肠疾病患者血清中CagA和VacA抗体,这些患者胃黏膜病理变化均经胃镜证实.观察不同毒力的HP菌株对胃黏膜病理学改变的影响.结果:十二指肠球部溃疡及慢性萎缩性胃炎患者血清中CagA及VacA抗体的检出率明显高于慢性浅表性胃炎的患者,且CagA抗体阳性组患者胃黏膜炎症活动及萎缩的程度较CagA抗体阴性组差异有显著性,而在肠上皮化生方面差异则无显著性.结论:具有CagA及VacA基因的幽门螺杆菌可能在诱导胃黏膜炎症及萎缩方面起了较为重要的作用.

Abstract:目的:探讨线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)突变与非综合征性遗传性耳聋的关系,并且建立相应的基因诊断方法.方法:调查并收集2个非综合征性耳聋家系、6个散发病例及25例正常个体的外周静脉血样本,从白细胞中提取DNA,聚合酶链反应扩增mtDNA目的片段,分别用BsmA Ⅰ、ApaⅠ及XbaⅠ限制性内切酶检测1555G、3243G、7445G和del961Cn点突变,对相关的扩增片段进行基因测序.结果:酶切检测,两家系中全部12例的耳聋患者均为1555G点突变阳性.家系中的其他成员、6例散发病例及25例正常人均为阴性,调查的所有个体(包括患者)3243G、7445G和del961Cn点突变均为阴性.mtDNA测序:酶切显示,1555G突变阳性病例均发现(nt)1555A→G转换,3243G、7445G及de1961Cn点突变阴性.结论:1555G点突变呈母系遗传;1555G点突变在母系遗传非综合征型耳聋家系中有较高的发生率,在散发型病例中发生率较低;提示1555G点突变是该类耳聋分子诊断的有用指标.

Abstract:目的:探讨中国汉族人群SLC6A4基因启动子区基因多态性与反社会人格障碍的关系.方法:反社会人格障碍人群来自江苏省少年劳教所的被劳教人员,经人格诊断问卷(PDQ-4)筛查,符合美国精神病协会精神疾病诊断方法(DSM-Ⅳ)关于反社会人格障碍的诊断标准;对照组来自健康体检人群,经PDQ-4排除反社会人格障碍和重型精神病.全部对象取血液标本提取DNA,用PCR方法扩增SLC6A4基因(5-羟色氨转移蛋白基因,5-HTT)启动子区序列片断,部分PCR产物行测序验证.对等位基因频率和基因型频率进行对比分析.结果:符合DSM-Ⅳ反社会人格障碍诊断标准者共90例,对照组140例,PCR产物电泳及测序比对,共获得3种等位基因条带L、S和XL,片断长度各相差44个碱基,分别组成4种基因型LL、LS、SS和XLL.反社会人格障碍人群S等位基因频率和SS基因型频率分别为61.80％和37.08％,与对照组比较,差异有极显著性意义(P＜0.005).结论:S等位基因频率和SS基因型频率与中国汉族人群反社会人格障碍的遗传易感性相关.

Abstract:目的:探讨青少年肥胖代谢紊乱的特点.方法:将41例正常体重者和88例单纯性肥胖者,分成青少年组与成人组,观察血瘦素(leptin)、空腹血糖(FBS)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、血三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白AI(apoAI)和载脂蛋白B(apoB)等指标的变化.结果:肥胖青少年和肥胖成人的Leptin、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL、apoB等均显著地升高,而HDL、apoAI均显著性降低.与肥胖成人组相比,肥胖青少年组的FINS、HOMA-IR升高更明显,而脂代谢紊乱却较轻.肥胖青少年组的leptin水平与FINS、HOMA-IR、体重指数和腰围正相关,与HDL负相关.肥胖成人女性组Leptin水平显著高于男性,肥胖青少年男女组间Leptin未见明显差异.结论:肥胖青少年代谢紊乱的特点为:存在明显的胰岛素抵抗和瘦素抵抗;脂代谢紊乱情况相对较轻;瘦素水平与FINS、HOMA-IR、HDL、体重指数和腰围相关:性别对瘦素的影响不明显.

Abstract:目的:观察不同甲状腺疾病以及自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)不同临床阶段患者血清甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)浓度的变化,探讨其临床运用价值.方法:采用化学发光法检测300例甲状腺疾病患者血清TPOAb浓度,包括Graves病(GD)120例、桥本病(HT)120例、亚急性甲状腺炎20例、甲状腺结节40例.结果:①不同甲状腺疾病患者血清TPOAb浓度均超过正常值范围,组间存在差异,尤以HT组TPOAb浓度和阳性率最高;②AITD患者不同临床状态血清TPOAb浓度存在动态变化.临床缓解期的GD和HT患者TPOAb浓度均低于疾病初发者,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:不同甲状腺疾病患者均可出现TPOAb的异常,尤以HT患者显著.TPOAb的降低滞后于临床甲状腺功能的恢复.其临床检测有助于AITD的诊断和疗效评估.

Abstract:目的:探讨胃癌患者外周血和骨髓血中微转移的检测和意义.方法:以CD44v6基因作指标,以半定量RT-PCR方法检测46例胃癌患者和6例非恶性病对照者.结果:6例对照者外周血和骨髓血中都未检出CD44v6mRNA表达,46例胃癌患者外周血、骨髓血中CD44v6mRNA的阳性表达率为84.8％和86.9％(39/46例,40/46例),骨髓血阳性表达率稍高于外周血(P＞0.05),外周血中弥漫型癌血中32例有30例有CD44v6mRNA表达,表达率93.75％,而肠型癌血中14例仅有9例有表达,表达率64.28％,两者比较差异有显著性:而骨髓血中弥漫型癌32例中31例有CD44v6mRNA表达,表达率96.87％,而肠型癌血中14例仅有10例有表达,表达率为71.42％,两者比较差异有显著性.结论:检测胃癌患者外周血、骨髓血中CD44v6基因的微转移表达可提高胃癌患者临床分期的准确性,并判断预后.

Abstract:目的:比较评价CT仿真胃镜(CTVG)及其结合横断面图像、上消化道造影(UGI)对进展期胃癌分型的鉴别价值.方法:经手术证实为进展期胃癌患者40例,所有患者均在3天内行以气体为对比剂的螺旋CT及UGI检查,2位阅片者对所有的CT图像及UGI图像进行主观性盲法阅片.结果:对于局限型(BorrmannⅠ、Ⅱ型)与浸润型(BorrmannⅢ、Ⅳ型)胃癌分型鉴别的准确性,CTVG明显优于钡餐,结合横断面图像后可以提高分型的准确率.结论:CTVG对进展期胃癌分型的鉴别优于UGI,评价CTVG应结合横断面图像.

Abstract:目的:同时检测肝癌患者血清中的α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)和5'-核苷酸酶(5'-NT),以探讨这3项指标对原发性肝癌的诊断价值及联合检测的临床意义.方法:正常对照组30例,原发性肝癌组57例,各例均测AFU、AFP和5'-NT.结果:原发性肝癌组AFU及5'-NT的测定结果与对照组相比差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).AFU、AFP和5'-NT单独检测时诊断PHC的阳性率分别为54.3％、61.4％、73.7％,而AFP阴性的AFU阳性率达72.7％,AFP阴性的5'-NT阳性率达72.7％,AFP和AFU、AFP和5'-NT测定结果间无相关性,3项指标联合检测时,可将PHC的诊断敏感性提高到96.5％.结论:血清AFU和血清5'-NT的检测可作为对AFP的补充,以提高对原发性肝癌的诊断率.

Abstract:目的:比较加入5.0％碳酸氢钠或2.5％硫喷妥钠溶液的不同丙泊酚混合液对局部注射痛的缓解作用.方法:采用双盲随机对照法,选取139例接受全麻的择期外科手术患者.丙泊酚混合液总容积为20 ml,按两种容积比(1:19和5:15)及混入药物的不同分成7组,在静脉全麻诱导时,记录各组患者的疼痛分级、用药前及用药后患者的血压和心率.结果:各组丙泊酚混合液的pH值不尽相同,与单纯馄入生理盐水组相比较,不同容积比混入硫喷妥钠的丙泊酚注射液的pH值均≥9.0,局部注射痛能明显缓解(P＜0.05);5:15的碳酸氢钠丙泊酚混合液pH值为9.0,注射痛也能明显缓解(P＜0.05),但1:19的碳酸氢钠丙泊酚混合液pH值为8.4,注射痛仍存在(P＞0.05).结论:缓解丙泊酚注射痛与混合液的pH值有一定关系.与2.5％硫喷妥钠相比较.加入丙泊酚混合液的5.0％碳酸氢钠容积比须相应增加,方能缓解注射痛.

Abstract:目的:探讨成年男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者血清脂联素水平及临床意义.方法:随机选择84例鼾症患者行睡眠仪监测,据呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为单纯性鼾症组(AHI＜5,15例)和OSAS组(AHI≥5,69例),OSAS组再分轻度OSAS(5≤AHI≤20,18例),中度OSAS(20＜AHI≤40,24例),重度OSAS(AHI＞40,27例)三亚组,各组间年龄和体重指数(BMI)差异无显著性.以放射免疫法测定研究对象血清脂联素水平.结果:OSAS组脂联素水平(4.12±2.49)mg/L明显低于单纯性鼾症组(7.74±4.22)mg/L(P＜0.01);重度OSAS组脂联素水平(2.69±0.56)mg/L显著低于单纯性鼾症组、轻度OSAS组(6.01±3.60)mg/L及中度OSAS组(4.31±1.79)mg/L(P＜0.05),中度OSAS组也明显较单纯性鼾症组为低(P＜0.05);脂联素水平与AHI、BMI、甘油三脂(TG)、空腹血糖(FBG)、腰围、颈围呈负相关,与最低血氧饱和度(MiniO2)呈正相关,而与平均血氧饱和度(AveO2)无明显相关性.控制BMI、颈围、腰围、TG、FBG后,血清脂联素水平仍与AHI负相关,与MiniO2正相关,而与AveO2无相关性.结论:成年男性OSAS患者血清脂联素水平较单纯性鼾症者低,OSAS可能是导致其水平下降的因素之一.

Abstract:目的:探讨多排螺旋CT增强扫描对肺栓塞的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析23例肺栓塞CT肺动脉血管成像,造影剂量按1.5～2.0 ml/kg,注射速率为3 ml/s.扫描延迟时间按2种方法进行:①造影剂跟踪扫描;②造影剂峰值测试进行时间延迟.数据重建用实时重建、容积显示(VR)、亦用最大密度投影(MIP)或多平面重建法(MPR)、曲面重建法(CPR)及仿真内镜(VE).结果:肺栓塞的多排螺旋CT增强表现:①直接征象为充盈缺损,完全阻塞型26支,中心型19支,偏心型17支,附壁型5支.血管内镜(VE)、MIP及VR显示血管腔内血栓.②间接征象为与肺叶或段分布一致的栓塞处肺窗示肺纹理稀疏13例,胸膜下梗死灶15个,胸腔积液6例,肺动脉高压3例.结论:多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影是一种安全,有效、无创的检查方法,可成为诊断肺动脉栓塞的首选方法.

Abstract:目的:应用超声心动图评价房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术前后左、有心室功能的变化.方法:对62例成功施行经皮穿刺ASD封堵术的患者进行研究.所有患者在术前、术后1周及1个月分别进行超声心动图检查,观察心脏大小及功能的改变.结果:ASD封堵术后,左室舒张末期前后径、左室舒张末期容积、左室每搏量及左室射血分数增大,而左室收缩末期容积未见明显改变:右室舒张末期前后径、右室舒张末期容积、右室收缩末期容积、右室每搏量、右室射血分数及右室心肌工作指数均减小.结论:经皮穿刺ASD封堵治疗既可减轻右室容量负荷,改善右室功能,也可改善左室的收缩功能;超声心动图对ASD封堵前后心脏血流动力学评价及疗效的观察起了重要的作用.

Abstract:目的:比较温控与非温控射频导管消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的效果.方法:31例阵发性室上性心动过速患者随机分为温控导管消融组(16例)和非温控导管消融组(15例);观察2组患者消融的成功率、复发率、并发症、消融次数、有效放电时间、手术时间、放电功率及阻抗的异同.结果:2组患者消融即刻全部成功,无并发症;非温控导管消融组术后1例复发,再次消融成功;温控导管消融组与非温控导管消融组消融次数、平均有效放电时间、手术时间、放电功率、阻抗分别为(2.4±1.1)次比(4.5±2.3)次(P＜0.05),(115.3±34.0)s比(117.5±29.0)s(P＞0.05),(70.3±10.7)m比(75.7±13.2)m(P＞0.05),(34.2±8.1)W比(24.8±2.0)W(P＜0.001),(101.2±18.3)Ω比(99.6±24.8)Ω(P＞0.05).非温控导管消融组消融次数明显多于温控导管消融组,而放电功率明显小于温控导管消融组,2组手术时间无差异.结论:温控与非温控导管消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速疗效等同.

Abstract:目的:探讨特异性尘螨变应原疫苗皮下注射治疗对尘螨过敏性支气管哮喘患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞表达的影响.方法:尘螨变应原皮试阳性的过敏性支气管哮喘患者86例,于尘螨变应原疫苗皮下注射治疗前及疗程结束后分别取外周血,测定外周血单个核细胞中Th1/Th2细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素(IL-4)和IL-5 mRNA表达及血浆中上述细胞因子的表达.结果:特异性尘螨变应原疫苗皮下注射治疗疗程结束后,Th1细胞因子IFN-γ及其mRNA表达显著增加,而Th2细胞因子IL-4、IL-5及其mRNA表达显著下降.结论:特异性尘螨变应原疫苗治疗过敏性支气管哮喘可显著纠正Th1/Th2细胞表达细胞因子功能的失衡,减轻患者的变态反应性炎症.

Abstract:目的:预测人MUC4氨基酸序列(AAD53171)的CD8T细胞表位.方法:结合2种常用表位预测数据库和工具,应用多种参数和方法进行综合分析,包括主要组织相容抗原(MHC)结合力、蛋白酶体切割位点等综合预测方法.结果:得到HLA-A*0201的1(ATLLPVTSL)、145(ATPLPVTSL)和52(LPVTDASSV)3个可能表位,和HLA-A24的145(ATPLPVTSL)、1(ATLLPVTSL)两个可能表位.结论:本研究为应用合成肽抗原制备MUC4肿瘤疫苗提供了依据,提供了表位预测的可行方法.

Abstract:目的:了解南京市区老年人膳食营养状况和膳食结构模式.方法:采用连续3天24 h回顾法获得食物摄入量.结果:南京市区老年人三餐热能早餐热能比(23.45％)偏低、晚餐热能比(36.07％)偏高;能量摄入量相对充足,平均达推荐营养素摄入量(RNI)的82.97％;多种维生素的摄入量不足,维生素B1、B2严重缺乏,分别占RNI的49.80％、52.05％;钙的摄入量严重缺乏,仅占适宜摄入量(AI)的36.73％;33.9％的老年人胆固醇摄入量超过AI标准;蛋白质来源合理,但摄入量不足;碳水化合物供热比(52.42％)较低,脂肪供热比(33.89％)偏高;铁来源于动物类食品比例(21.9％)较少;理想膳食模式(DDP)总分为84.0;老年男性的膳食营养状况优于女性.结论:南京市区老年人膳食结构不太合理,应加强宣传教育提高营养知识水平,合理调整膳食结构.

Abstract:目的:了解江苏省市、县两级疾病控制(疾控)中心的人力资源现状.方法:通过问卷调查取得第一手资料,经分类后采用动态数列和x2检验.结果:市、县两级疾控中心卫生人力总量无明显变化,职称结构与学历均发生了明显的变化;市、县两级疾控中心人员在学历与职称构成的差别均有统计学意义.结论:江苏省市、县两级疾病控制中心的人力资源发展滞后于社会经济与人口的增长:职称构成比达到国家2000年的目标值,但学历结构还有待提高.

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of an implanted chip system on blood pressure regulation.Methods: The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in anesthetized rabbits. Based on the set point theory, an implanted chip system was designed to regulate the blood pressure by stimulating the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) according to the feedback of blood pressure. The blood pressure regulation induced by the implanted chip system was carried out twice (lasted for 15 min and 60 min respectively) and the change of MAP and HR during the regulation was compared with the control. Results: There was a significant decrease of MAP during the first regulation ([-32.0 ± 6.6] mmHg) and second regulation ([-27.4 ± 6.2] mmHg) compared with the control (P ＜0.01). The HR was also significantly decreased during regulation compared with the control. Both MAP and'HR returned to the baseline immediately without rebound after the regulation ceased. Conclusion: The implanted chip system can regulate the blood pressure successfully and keep the blood pressure in a lower constant level without adaptation.

Abstract:Objective: To examine whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has an inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)-induced proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells of rat, and explore the molecular mechanisms of signal pathway in LXA4 actions. Methods: Glomerular mesangial cells of rat were cultured and treated with TNF- α(10 ng/ml),with or without preincubation with LXA4 at different concentrations. Cell proliferation was evaluated by monotetrazolium (MTr) colorimetric assay. The expression of cyclin E mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Phosphorylated Akt1 (Thr308) and p27kip1 were analyzed by Western blotting. Results: TNF- α- stimulated proliferation of mesangial cells was inhibited by LXA4 in a dose-dependent manner. The marked increments in cyclin E mRNA expression induced by TNF-α during proliferation of mesangial cells were down-regulated by LXA4. Threonine phosphorylated Akt1 proteins at 308 site stimulated by TNF-α was reduced by LXA4. TNF-α-induced decrements in expression of p27kip1 proteins was ameliorated by LXA4 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: TNF-α-induced proliferation of rat mesangial cells can be inhibited by TXA4 through the mechanism of Akt1/p27kip1 pathway-dependent signal transduction.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate possible effects of nanophase powder of hydroxyapatite on proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. Methods: With sol-gel method, the nanophase hydroxyapatite powders were fabricated.These powders were proved nanopaticles by transmission electron microscope. The effects on proliferation of periodontal ligament cell(PDLC) were observed in vitro with MTT [3-(4,5dimethylthiazo;-2-yl)-2,5-diphenytetralium bromide]method. Results: On the 2nd,3rd,4th day after treated with nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite, the proliferate activity of the PDLC increases significantly, compared with those with dense hydroxyaoatite and control but no significant difference could be found between the dense hydroxyapatite and the control. Conclusion: Nanophase hydroxyapatite can promote the regeneration of periodontal tissue.

Abstract:Objective: To validate a newly designed microwave probe capable of producing larger volume of ablated lesions in ex vivo swine livers. Methods: A novel microwave probe was developed and tested in ex vivo specimens of swine liver. Group A was not given saline infusion under power output 50 W. Group B, C, D under power output 90 W were tested respectively according to the condition of no saline infusion ( group B), 5 min preinfusion ( 5 mlsaline, group C), preinfusion and continuous infusion (at the rate of 1 ml/rmin, group D) using the novel probe. The sizes of the microwave-induced lesions were evaluated and the volume of the tissue destruction qualified. Results: The approximate volumes of the microwave-induced lesions were ( 16.48 ± 3.86) cm3, (28.86 ± 6.15) cm3, (34.11 ± 5.86)cm3, (40.50 ± 10.88) cm3, respectively ( P ＜ 0.01). Preinfusion and continuous infusion (group D) created more spherical lesions than only preinfusion (group C). Conclusion: The newly-developed microwave probe increased the volume of coagulation necrosis, created a more spherical lesion under the power output of 90 W, and might achieve the effective treatment of larger neoplasm with a single application of microwave energy.

Abstract:Objective: To study synergistic effect with Ascorbic acid (AA) on arsenic trioxide inducing human Hepatocarcinoma cell apoptosis, and provide theoretical basis for promoting human Hepatocarcinoma cell apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide(AT). Methods: Human Hepatocarcinoma cell line BEL-7402 being cultured in vitro, the effect of AT and (or) AA on its growth inhibition and its two intracellular signal molecules was evaluated separately using MTT and Western blot. Results: AT at a few μmol/L concentration could suppress abnormal proliferation of human hepatocarcinoma cells, and initiate their apoptosis by activation of caspase-3, and activate extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERKs), which were dependent on the dosage of AT conspicuously. The effect of AA on BEL-7402 was not significant; However, AA could effectively enhance AT-induced hepatocarcinoma cell apoptosis and lesion severity through activation of caspase-3 but not ERKs. Conclusion: Caspase-3 and ERKs proteins could involve in arsenic-induced hepatocarcinoma cell apoptosis and differentiation respectively as intracellular signaling molecules; The effect between AT and AA on hepatocarcinoma is synergistic, which further inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cells through activation of caspase-3 but not ERKs.

Abstract:Objective: To study the value of combined determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), total cholesterol (Tch) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the differential diagnosis of ascites due to different causes. Methods: Sixty-eight cases with ascites were divided into 3 groups based on their etiology, namely malignant ascites, tubercular ascites and non-tubercular benign ascites. CEA, Tch, and ADA were measured and analyzed in different ascites.Results: CEA was significantly higher in malignant ascites than in benign ascites, the sensitivity and spedfidty for malignant ascites being 50％ and 100％ respectively. Tch is higher or equal to 1.54 mmol/L in tubercular ascites and lower or equal to 1.18 mmol/L in non-tubercular benign ascites, and Tch level in malignant ascites was frequently between that in tubercular acites and non-tubercular benign ascites. Ascitic fluid ADA activity was higher than 30 U/L in 80％ of tubercular ascites, while none of non-tubercular benign ascites reached to such level. Conclusion: CEA, Tch and ADA are valuable for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ascitic etiology and combine measurements of these indices can increase the diagnostic efficiency.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effect of shikonin on the proliferation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) of human mesangial cells (MC). Methods : MC was cultured in vitro with different concentrations of glucose (30, 50, 80 mmol/L). The cell growth was observed by using MTT method and apoptosis by using an aunexin-V-Fluos.Immunohistochemical studies for Laminin (LN), Fibronectin (FN) and type Ⅳ Collagens (Col Ⅳ ) were measured. Results: Shikonin inhibited their growth ( P ＜ 0.05) and apoptosis in the glycated cultured cells. Shikonin 0.05 mmol/L significantly reduced the secretion of LN, FN and Col Ⅳ from MC (P ＜ 0.05) cultured in 30, 50 and 80 mmol/L glucose.Conclusion: Shikonin could prevent or treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) and glomerulosclerosis (GS).

Abstract:Objecave: To improve the method of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation and to establish a more physiological rat model. Methods: SD rats served as donors and recipients. The vein was reconstructed by end-to-side anastomosis between the donor portal vein and the recipient superior mesenteric vein, and arterial reconstruction was carried out by end-to-side anastomosis of the donor to the recipient abdominal aorta. Enteric drainage was performed by side-to-side anastomosis between the duodenum of donors and that of recipients. Results: Fifty experiments were performed. The successful rate of transplantation which restored the recipients euglycemia were 78％. Conclusion: This model of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in rats was stable and reliable, which was in accordance with the trend of clinical pancreas transplantation and could be applied for further scientific research.

Abstract:Objective: To compare the functional outcomes of patients who had parotid masseter fascia reserved and unreserved flap elevating scheme in parotidectomy, especially the morbidity of Frey's syndrome. Methods: Twenty-three patients (group A) had parotid masseter fascia reserved in the parotidectomy, 32 patients (group B) had parotid masseter fascia unreserved in the operation. Compare the morbidity of gustatory sweating syndrome of the two groups. Results: Follow-up after 6 months to 2.5 years, gustatory sweating syndrome occurred in 4 patients of group A (17％), 17 patients in group B (57％). Conclusion: Reservation technic of the parotid masseter fascial in parotidectomy could prevent regeneration of parasympathetic nerve and thus prevent Frey's syndrome post-operation.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the differences of partial physiologic indexes including weight, food intake,Lee's index, the wet weight of fat pad, plasma lipids and the genetic expression of LPL mRNA in adipose tissue between obesity-prone rats (OP) and obesity-resistant rats (OR) on a high-fat diet. Methods: After 1 week of free access to a high-fat diet (HFD), 48 rats were separated on the basis of 1 week body weight percentage gained in OP (OP≥P75)or OR ( OR≤ P25) groups. Rats were continuously fed on the HFD for another 4 weeks. The body weight and food intake were recorded in the course of model-making. And the Lee's index, the plasma lipid and lipoproteius, the wet weight of both epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pad were measured after the rat was killed. And the level of LPL mRNA exgain, the cumulative energy intake, the Lee' s index, and the wet weight of fat pad at both epididymal and retroperitoneal sites were significantly higher than those in OR rats, but there was no significant difference in the level of plasma weight in OP rats were about 6.45 and 4.25 times of those in OR rats. Meanwhile, the cumulative energy intake in OP level of LPL mRNA expression in adipose tissue, there was a significant level of LPL mRNA in adipose tissue of OP rats compared with that in OR rats. Conclusion: The physiologic differences exist between OP and OR rats. Besides a higher level of energy intake, the higher energy efficiency associated with LPL mRNA expression in adipose tissue may also contribute to the enhancement of susceptibility to obesity in OP rats.

Abstract:Objective: to obtain the high purified and active nerve growth factor (NGF) from mouse submaxillary glands. Methods: NGF was prepared from mouse submaxillary glands by the way of elution with CM 52 column.The molecular weight and purification of NGF were detected by SDS-PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The biological activity of NGF was verified thorough culturing DRG. Results: About 14 kDa stained band was observed on SDSPAGE and it promoted proliferation of dorsal root gang lia (DRG). Conclusion: Good quality of NGF could be obtained with these methods.

Abstract:Objective: Observing human to mouse one-way mixed lymphocyte culture(xMIC) and the effect of new immunosuppressant-Rapamycin on XMIC. Methods: Mouse splenic lymphocyte were collected and treated by mitomycin as activating cell; Human Peripheral blood lymphocytes(hPBL)were separated and gathered as reacting cell;Mouse splenic lymphocyte and hPBL wee mixed to incubate for 1 week; The researchers designed control 、RPM groups,and experiment(drugs) grup have different concentration. Results: HPBL in the experiment groups (mixed mouse lymphocyte)proliferated obviously, the amount of3 H-TdR in corporation increased evidently( P ＜ 0.05, The mean percentage of CD4, CD8, LgG, LgM positive cells rose markedly. HPBL in the experiment groups less proliferated, the amount of 3H-TdR incorporation declined,RPM' s ic50 (50％ inhibition concentration)approximately in 1.5 nmol/L; the mean percentage of CD4, CD8, IgG, IgM positive cells fell obviously. Conclusion: The human to mouse one-way MLC has obvious lymphocyte proliferation. New immunosuppressants-Rapamycin have powerful effete on XMLC.

Abstract:Objective: Carcinosarcoma of esophagus is an infrequent disease. Here, the pathologic data of larger specimeus of this disease are reviewed and analyzed for studying its clinical characteristics in order to provide support information for clinical diagnosis. Methods: To review and study the clinical data of 20 patients of esophageal carcinosarcoma. Results: Most of esophageal carcinosarcoma grew like pileus or polypus in esophagus, a few of them were infiltrating. Microscopic examination of the resected specimens indicated that the tumor is composed of sarcomatous element and carcinomatous element ( the main element ), and the surface of such tumor was covered mostly by carcinoma tissues. The result of biopsy showed that the tumor is squamous cell carcinoma. X-ray examination indicated that there was polypus-like smooth and tidy filling defect in the esophagus of such patient, and its mucous membrane showed "daubing-trace" like characteristics. Conclusion: Carcinosarcoma of esophagus is a tumor of low invasion, which grows mainly in the esophageal lumen. The clinical symptoms of this tumor are different from those of esophagus carcinoma in certain degree. The "daubing-trace" like characteristics is typical of X-ray picture. The results of most endoscopic biopsies demonstrate squamous cell carcinoma or lower differentiation carcinoma, which are difficult for confirmed diagnosis before operation.