Abstract:Objective:An abundant class of non-coding small RNA molecules, 21-25 nucleotide in length, are widely found in animals and plants and named microRNA(miRNA)[1-2]. MiRNAs are highly evolutionarily conserved, expressing in specific tissue and timing[2], and negatively regulate the gene expressions at the posttranscriptional level[3], and subsequently control crucial physiological processes such as metabolism, amplification, differentiation, development and apoptosis[4-7]. Therefore, miRNAs could provide an access to many human diseases in theory. Recent evidence demonstrates that miRNAs play an important role in the initiation and progression of human cancer, mainly by interrupting the cell cycle at the cellular level and by interacting with signaling[7-11] The expression profiling of miRNAs can be used as a tool of diagnosis, staging, prognosis and biotherapy of some tumors, as has already been proven to have superiority to mRNA, in the categorization of tumors. This review focuses on the genesis, mechanism of action of miRNA and its relationship to tumors, detection methods and its potential effect on the diagnosis, staging, and biotherapy in esophageal carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective:Gold nanoparticle Hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA probes were prepared, and their application for HBV DNA measurement was studied. Methods:Alkanethiol modified oligonucleotide was bound with self-made Au nanoparticles to form nanoparticle HBV DNA gene probes, through covalent binding of Au-S. By using a fluorescence-based method, the number of thiol-derivatized, single-stranded oligonucleotides and their hybridization efficiency with complementary oligonucleotides in solution was determined. With the aid of Au nanoparticle-supported mercapto-modified oligonucleotides serving as detection probes, and oligonucleotides immobilized on a nylon membrane surface acting as capturing probes,HBV DNA was detected visually by sandwich hybridization based on highly sensitive aggregation and silver staining. The modified nanoparticle HBV DNA gene probes were also used to detect the HBV DNA extracted from serum in patients with hepatitis B. Results:Compared with bare Au nanoparticles, oligonucleotide modified nanoparticles had a higher stability in NaCl solution or under high temperature environment and the absorbance peak of modified Au nanoparticles shifted from 520nm to 524nm. For Au nanoparticles, the maximal oligonucleotide surface coverage of hexaethiol 30-mer oligonucleotide was(132 ± 10) oligonucleotides per nanoparticle, and the percentage of hybridization strands on nanoparticles was(22 ± 3%). Based on a two-probe sandwich hybridization/nanoparticle amplification/silver staining enhancement method, Au nanoparticle gene probes could detect as low as 10-11 mol/L composite HBV DNA molecules on a nylon membrane and the PCR products of HBV DNA visually. As made evident by transmission electron microscopy, the nanoparticles assembled into large network aggregates when nanoparticle HBV DNA gene probes were applied to detect HBV DNA molecules in liquid. Conclusion:Our results showed that successfully prepared Au nanoparticle HBV DNA gene probes could be used to detect HBV DNA directly. The detection-visuallized method has many advantages, including high sensitivity, simple operation and low cost. This technique has potential applications in many fields, especially in multi-gene detection chips.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate Tpeak-Tend (Tp-e) interval in surface standard ECG as a new risk factor for arrhythmic event in patient with Brugada syndrome. Methods: 23 male patients with Brugada syndrome and 20 male patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) as the control group were investigated in this study. Tp-e interval in surface standard ECG was compared between BrS and PSVT patients. Results: Tp-e interval in BrS patients was significantly longer than that in PSVT patients (109.57±22.86 ms vs. 88.50±13.08ms, P<0.05). There was significant difference in Tp-e interval between 16 BrS patients with arrhythmic events (including syncope, clinical ventricular fibrillation [VF] and programmed electrical stimulation [PES]-induced VF) and 7 BrS patients without arrhythmic events and PSVT patients(118.12±20.40ms vs. 90.00±15.27ms, P<0.05; 118.12±20.40ms vs. 88.50±13.08ms, P<0.05). However, Tp-e interval was similar in BrS patients without arrhythmic events and PSVT patients (90.00±15.27ms vs 88.50±13.08ms, P>0.05). Conclusion: The prolongation of Tp-e interval could serve as a new noninvasive event predictor for arrhythmic events in patients with Brugada syndrome.

Abstract:Objective:To study the gene mutations of homeobox transcription factor(CSX/NKX2.5) associated with a Chinese family with secundum atrial septal defect(ASD). Methods:Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to check all the members in the family with ASD, and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis(SSCP) was used to check 126 normal control people for detecting the mutations of CSX/NKX2.5 gene. Results: Three mutations,G270A(Glu32Lys),G378A(Glu68Lys)andG390A(Glu72Lys)were identified in CSX/NKX2.5 gene of ASD patients. However, the other members in the family with ASD and the control did not have such gene mutations. Conclusion:These mutations of CSX/NKX2.5 gene, which were identified in a Chinese family, may be one of the secundum ASD etiologic causes.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the association of the peripheral levels of the defined inflammatory markers with different types of acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and stable angina, and the role inflammation played in the pathogenesis of ACS. Methods:For understanding the variation of serum concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1),C-reactive protein(CRP), and white blood cell count(WBC) and their association with ACS, 90 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 30 healthy volunteers were recruited. The enrolled people were assigned into four equal groups, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group, unstable angina pectoris(UAP) group, stable angina pectoris(SAP) group and healthy control group. The serum levels of MMP-9 and sICAM-1 were measured with ELISA kits, CRP were measured with immunoturbidimetric assay, and WBC number were assessed all before any treatment was administrated. Results:(1)The serum levels of MMP-9,sICAM-1,CRP and WBC in the patients with ACS were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01). (2)Compared with control group, patients with SAP only had higher serum level of sICAM-1(P < 0.01). While the levels of MMP-9, CRP, and WBC had no significant difference between them(P > 0.05 all). (3)Significant positive correlation between the serum levels of MMP-9 and sICAM-1 and CRP and WBC all were observed in the patients with ACS(P < 0.05). Conclusion: The elevation of serum concentrations of inflammatory markers including MMP-9, sICAM-1, CRP and WBC were associated with initiation and progression of ACS, and they may help predicting cardiovascular events.

Abstract:Objective:To overall evaluate the change of global cardiac systolic performance and diastolic filling in hypovoleamia by LBNP. Methods:10 healthy male subjects were placed in a standard LBNP chamber. Baseline haemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements were made after a period of least 10 min resting supine within the chamber. Pressure was then decreased to -10,-20 and -30 mmHg, with each pressure maintained for 15 min. The indices of four transvalvular and SVC flow were measured using Doppler echocardiography. Results:The results showed that S wave, Re wave,and VTI of SVC progressively decreased with increasing LBNP. At -30 mmHg stage, S wave decreased by 35.4 %(change of 0.21+0.03 m/s,P < 0.001). This reduction in pre-load was associated with a progressive decrease in SV(by 21.5 ± 4.5 ml at -30 mmHg,P < 0.001), decrease in CO(by 1.2 ± 0.2 L min-1 at -30 mmHg LBNP,P < 0.001). The diastolic filling of mitral and tricuspid flow also reduced significantly. At -30 mmHg stage, the E wave of MVF and TVF decreased 31% and 32% respectively(change of 0.23 ± 0.05 m/s,P < 0.001 and 0.18 ± 0.01 m/s,P < 0.001). VTI of MVF and TVF decreased 27% and 27.7% respectively(change of 5.55 ± 1.41cm,P < 0.01 and 4.25 ± 0.44 cm,P < 0.01). A wave of both sides did not change significantly. Conclusion:Doppler indices changes in different LBNP stage can roughly reflect the degree of hypovoleamia caused by blood volume redistribution. The indices of Doppler echocardiography are more sensitive than traditional physiological indexes in evaluating cardiovascular responses of LBNP. Echocardiography techniques overall can evaluate the global cardiac function including systolic performance and diastolic filling.

Abstract:Objective:To elucidate whether cell multiplication, apoptosis, glucose intake and p-Akt protein expression of bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells(MSCs) of rats is influenced by a hypoxic environment ex vivo. Methods:Passage 3 of bone marrow MSCs taken from Wistar rats,were cultured in a culturing chamber with 94%N2,1%O2,5%CO2 at 37℃. At different hypoxia time points,0,0.5, 1,4 and 8 h, glucose uptake was assayed by using radiation isotope 3H-G, Apoptotic Rate(AR) and dead rate(DR) were analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM) after Annexin V/PI staining, cell multiplication(by MTT methods) and p-Akt protein by immunocytochemistry and western blot. Results:Assay for CD29+,CD44+,CD71+,CD34-, Tn T+(after 5-azacytidine agent inducing) and ALP+(after bone differentiation agent inducing) suggested these bone-derived cells were MSCs. The 3H-G intaking ratio(CPM/flask value:157 ± 11,110 ± 11,107 ± 13,103 ± 10,100 ± 9 and 98 ± 10) of MSCs at different hypoxia time points, significantly decreased compared to that of normoxia(P < 0.01) and tended to descend slowly with hypoxia time duration, for which there was no statistical significance(P > 0.05). The AR(0.09 ± 2.03%,12.9 ± 1.72%,13.7 ± 2.26%,13.8 ± 3.01%,14.1 ± 2.78% and 14.7 ± 4.01% at 0,0.5,1,4 and 8 h,respectively,P < 0.01) and DR(0.04 ± 1.79%,0.93 ± 1.85%,3.11 ± 2.14%,4.09 ± 2.36%,4.72 ± 2.05% and 4.91 ± 3.72% at 0,0.5,1,4 and 8 h, respectively, P < 0.05) at different hypoxia time points significantly increased compared to those time in normoxia; The AR further went up with time(P < 0.05), however there was no statistical significance (P > 0.05) for the DR. Optical absorption value of MTT methods at different hypoxia time points significantly decreased compared to those with a corresponding normoxia time(P < 0.01) and degraded with time (in an hypoxic environment -P < 0.01). IOD of p-Akt protein of MSCs at different hypoxia time points significantly increased(0.367 ± 0.031,0.556 ± 0.023,0.579 ± 0.013, 0.660 ± 0.024, 0.685 ± 0.039 and 0.685 ± 0.011, respectively) compared to their equivalents in normoxia (P<0.05), however, there was no statistical significance(P > 0.05) for different hypoxia time points. Hypoxia may result in ultramicrostructure changes, such as defluvium of Microvilli, apoptotic body, “margination” and so on and are further aggravated with hypoxia time stretching. Conclusion:Hypoxia may lead to a depression of MSCs intaking glucose, creep of cell multiplication, upregulation of p-Akt protein and apoptosis of MSCs ex vivo.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the effect of osteogenic potential on human marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs) transferred with human vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) gene by adenovirus. Methods:hMSCs were isolated from human marrow, cultured in vitro and randomly divided into 3 groups:Ad-VEGF165 group: adding 1×1010OPU/ml Ad-VEGF in hMSCs culture fluid after incubating 24 hours, changing into ordinary complete culture and continuing culturing; Positive control group: Cultured hMSCs with 1 nmol/L dexamethasone,10 mmol/L glycerophosphate and 50 mg/L vitamin C,exchanging this conditioned medium twice a week; blank control group:no special treatment but culturing hMSCs in DMEM.To evaluate osteogenesis competence, Von Kossa＇s staining and a quantitative alkaline phosphates(ALP) activity analysis were performed after 2 weeks treatment. Results:The calcified nodes formed after 2 weeks treatment in Ad-VEGF165 group and Positive control group but not in blank control group. ALP activities in Ad-VEGF165 group,Positive control group and blank control group were(7.91 ± 0.90)u/L,(8.18 ± 0.76 u/L) and (3.46 ± 0.49)u/L respectively. The differences were no statistical significance between Ad-VEGF165 group and positive control group(P > 0.05), but Ad-VEGF165 group and Positive control group were significantly different with blank control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Adenovirus mediated VEGF165 gene can transfect hMSCs and promote osteogenesis of hMSCs.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the tolerance and the dependence of endomorphin-1(EM-1) in rats and the possible mechanisms. Methods:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into saline, acute EM-1-treated and chronic EM-1-treated groups. The rats were intracerebroventricularly injected with saline, acute EM-1 10 -滋g/kg 30 min prior to sacrifice,and chronic EM-1 by daily administration at 8:00 A.M. and 15:00 P.M. from 10 -滋g/kg on the 1st day to 50 -滋g/kg on the 9th day, respectively. In chronic EM-1-treated group, the median antinociceptive dose(AD50) and the catatonic median effective dose(ED50) were determined by the improved Dixon＇s method. Natural withdrawl test was used to assess the dependence of EM-1. Maximal binding capacity(Bmax) and dissociation constant(Kd) of 3H-DAMGO, binding to mu-opioid receptor(MOR) in brain tissue, was measured by Scatchard analysis. Gene expression of MOR was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results:Tolerance of the antinociceptic and catatonic effects on the 3rd day(3.1-fold and 1.9-fold) and the 9th day(28.4-fold and 8.5-fold) were observed in chronic EM-1-treated group(P < 0.05). Jumping times and withdrawal scores of rats were significantly higher in the chronic EM-1-treated group than those in saline group on the 9th day(P < 0.05). Bmax and mRNA expression of MOR in cortex, midbrain and striatum were lower in chronic EM-1-treated group on the 9th day than the other two groups(P < 0.05), but Kd had no significant difference(P > 0.05). AD50,ED50,Bmax,Kd and gene expression of MOR were recorded. Conclusion: EM-1 possesses the tolerance and the dependence. After a long-term treatment, EM-1 down regulates the binding capacity and mRNA of MOR, which somewhat accounts for the dependence.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons and the protective effect of nicotine in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced mouse model of Parkinson′s disease. Methods:The mouse model of Parkinson＇s disease were formed by MPTP(30 mg/kg/d×7, i.p.); and the loss and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons was observed by Tyrosine Hydroxylase(TH) and TUNEL stains.In “Nicotime plus MPTP” group, mice were pretreated with nicotine before MPTP injection. The putative protective effect of nicotine was analyzed. Results:The number of TH-positive cells decreased during MPTP treatment. Apoptotic neurons began to appear after three injections of MPTP and peaked on the 8th day. In the MPTP-intoxicated mice treated with nicotine, the loss of TH-positive cells was significantly less than that of MPTP-treated group(30 mg/kg/d×7)(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The chronic treatment of MPTP can induce the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, and nicotine might have a neuroprotecitve effect on dopaminergic neurons against MPTP toxicity.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the effect of HIF-1 α over-expression on angiogenesis in human prostate cancer cells. Methods:LNCaP cells(a human prostate cancer cell line) were transfected with the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)-HIF-1α with Lipofectamine 2000 system. The positive clones were selected by G418 being further confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The expression levels of VEGF, iNOS and Ang-Ⅱ were determined. Results:The expression of HIF-1α in the LNCaP/HIF1α cells was significantly increased in transfected cells, which induced the up-regulation of VEGF, iNOS, whereas Ang-Ⅱ expression remained un- changed. Conclusion:Over-expression of HIF-1α can induce angiogenesis proteins and may improve the angiogenesis potency of prostate cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of Daclizumab on preventing acute rejection in renal transplant recipients. Methods:71 patients were randomly divided into two groups:Daclizumab group(n =26) and control group(n = 45). Baseline regimen of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF), cyclosporin(CsA), methylprednisolone(MPD) and prednisone(Pred) were administered to all patients. The treatment of Daclizumab was based on baseline regimen. The Daclizumab group received Daclizumab twice before and after renal transplant. The occurrence of post-transplantation acute rejection, renal function and T lymphocyte subtypes were sequentially monitored; meanwhile adverse events, infection episode, and patient and graft survival were observed. All of patients received a follow-up of 12 months at least. Results:The occurrence of acute rejection in Daclizumab group in 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after renal transplantation was 7.7%, 19.2%, 23.1% and 30.8%, respectively,while it was 15.6%,28.9%, 35.6% and 46.7% in the control group. There was significant difference between the two group(P < 0.05). There was no difference in infection episodes and adverse events between the Daclizumab group and control group. One year patient survival was 92.3% in Daclizumab group, 91.1 % in control group(P > 0.05), compared with graft survival of 96.2 % and 93.3 % for Daclizumab and control group, respectively(P > 0. 05). The renal function in Daclizumab group in 1, 6 and 12 months after renal transplantation was better than that in control group(P < 0.05). The CD3+ and CD4+ subtypes decreased in both two groups after operation but no significant difference(P > 0.05). Conclusion:Daclizumab combined with MMF,CsA,MPD and Pred therapeutic regimen was effective to reduce the occurrence of acute rejection in renal transplant recipients and have no influence on T lymphocyte subtypes.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the role the lens dimensions played on the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma. Methods:38 eyes of 20 patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG) and 35 eyes of 22 normal individuals without ocular abnormalities were examined. The anatomical parameters of the lens and other structures of the anterior segment were calculated using B ultrasound, computer image processing and ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM). The parameters were compared between the patients and normal subjects. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the radii of curvature of the anterior lens surface(RCALS) and the other parameters of the anterior segment. Results:Compared with the normal eyes, the eyes of PACG had thicker lens, steeper curvature of anterior lens surface, decreased depth of the anterior chamber, narrower chamber angle, and more anterior position of the ciliary bodies and lens. All these differences were significant(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In the PACG group, the RCALS had significantly negative correlation with the central and peripheral lens thickness(P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively), and had positive correlation with relative lens position, anterior chamber depth(ACD), angle-open distance at 500 um(AOD500), trabecular iris angle(TIA) and trabecular ciliary processes distance(TCPD, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion:The occurrence of PACG is relevant to the abnormal anatomical structures of the anterior segment. Among all factors, the lens parameters play an important role in the pathogenesis. Increased lens thickness, relative more anterior position of lens,especially steepened curvature of anterior lens surface are predisposing factors of the pathologic phenomenon in PACG including pupillary blockage, shallow anterior chamber, secondary closure of chamber angle and elevation of intraocular pressure.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate glucose metabolism in women with multiple ovarian follicles(MOF) and explore the relationship between glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and body weight. Methods:We evaluated 46 women with MFO and 30 normal women as controls. All the subjects were given 75g of glucose orally in order to perform the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin releasing test(IRT), and they were also evaluated for insulin resistance using the insulin resistance index with homeostatic model assessment(HOMA). Results:The occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance in women with MOF was 10.87%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group(3.33%,P < 0.05). The rate of insulin resistance was 30.43% in the study group as compared to 10.00% in the control group. The results showed that there was significant difference between the two groups(P < 0.05). The levels of FSH,LH,PRL,E2,T and P between the two groups had no significant difference(P > 0.05). BMI in women with impaired glucose tolerance was correlated positively to insulin resistance(r = 0.567, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Abnormal glucose metabolism was observed in women with unitary multiple ovarian follicles, and this could be attributed to obesity and insulin resistance. Women with MOF and associated obesity should be subjected to OGTT so that their glucose levels can be monitored as a preventive measure.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the optimum screening conditions of associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technique, and to screen the different expression proteins related with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods:Serum samples of peripheral blood were collected from newly diagnosed psoriasis vulgaris patients in the clinic, and 20 matched healthy persons. Serum albumin IgG was removed by filtering with ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG. After comparative proteomics analysis the different protein spots were identified using 2-DE and MS. Results:Electrophoresis figures with high resolution and reproducibility were obtained. Three different expression proteins were found only in the serum from psoriasis vulgaris patients, while nine other different proteins expressing from healthy volunteers. Conclusion:The protein expression was different in the serum between the psoriasis vulgaris patients and healthy volunteers. It was hoped that we could find the biomarkers related to psoriasis vulgaris by using proteomics.

Abstract:Although blood stations and medical institutions provided and used blood in a very strict way which was regulated by some related medical laws and regulations, a small part of patients was likely to be still infected by some infectious diseases due to the existence of undetected rate and window phase in the process of blood detection. The present ways to solve the social problems in our country were not perfect to protect the patients, blood stations as well as medical institutions very well. The article tried to provide some possible solutions to this social problem, including how to promote social security system and develop blood transfusion insurance system in order to minimize the conflicts between patients and medical institutions caused by no-fault blood transfusion infection.

Abstract:Nonhuman centralism had invoked drastic debate in academic circles. The theory of animal’s subject status advocated that the subject shouldn’t belong to humanity and current subject criterion should be overturned. The theory of animal’s object status supported that the subject belonged to humanity merely and subject mansion was not be destroyed by the theory of animal’s subject status that its essence was a sort of human centralism.

Abstract:From the sense of value, the rule of law which was building in contemporary China should be the rule of good laws. To ensure the laws to be good laws, we should set the target system of inevitability of the good laws scientifically, and promote the change from moral to legal in the level of value and rule effectively. This was the pathway of making good laws.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of high glucose on the expression of ICAM-1mRNA in human mesangial cells and the intervention of tea polyphenols（TPs）. Methods：Human mesangial cells were cultured in DMEM media containing high glucose with or without TPs for 0，12，36 hours，respectively. The mRNA and protein expression of ICAM-1 were measured by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Results：The mRNA and protein expression of ICAM-1 of the cells increased significantly in high glucose medium（P < 0.05）. However，TPs inhibited the expression（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：High glucose contributes to the increase of ICAM-1 expression in human mesangial cells. TPs can reduce high glucose-induced expression of ICAM-1.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness index（ASI） and the severity degree of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods：A total of 396 patients underwent coronary angiograph and the measurement of ASI using CardioVision MS-2000 arterial stiffness detector and then they were divided into three groups：group Ⅰ（ASI 0-70，186 patients）， group Ⅱ（ASI 71-140，108 patients） and group Ⅲ（ASI>140，102 patients）. The severity degree of coronary heart disease was evaluated by the numbers of involved coronary arteries. Results：There were significant differences in age， history of high blood pressure， diabetes history， systolic blood pressure， and the severity degree of coronary heart disease among three groups. The mean number of involved coronary arteries was highest in group Ⅲ， followely by group Ⅱ and group Ⅰ（P < 0.05）. There was a positive correlation between age， systolic blood pressure， high pressure history， diabetes history， lipoprotein（a）， uric acid， ASI and the number of involved coronary arteries showed by single factor correlation analysis methods. However， there was a negative correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterols（HDL-C） and the number of involved coronary arteries（P < 0.05）. ASI， HDL-C and lipoprotein（a） were independent risk factors of coronary heart disease showed by multiple factor logistic regression analysis method. Conclusion：ASI may be a good index reflecting arterial elasticity and can provide valuable information of the severity degree of involved coronary arteries.

Abstract:The implementation of Diagnosis Related Group System (DRGs) in the medical insurance payment system was approved of great importance to control the irrational increase of medical expenses nationally. Based on the introduction of the DRGs’ application in the medical insurance system and referred to the international experience, the article analyzed the establishment of Chinese DRGs, and put forward some suggestions on the application of DRGs in the medical insurance payment system, namely normalizing the diagnosis’ name and code, establishing clinical guidelines, setting up a DRGs cost account system and completing the medical quality supervision mechanism.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate inter-ventricular myocardial synchrony in normal subjects by velocity vector imaging（VVI）. Methods：Siemens Sequoia 512 equipment with 4V1c probe and VVI sofeware were used. Thirty-five subjects were enrolled in this study. Results：The fifty percent of time from R wave to peak of S wave in apical segments of anterior septum， inferior septum and anterior wall were all longer than those in basal and mid segments（P ＜ 0.05）. In parasternal short-axis view at level of mitral valve，there were significant differences in the seventy-five percent of time from R wave to peak of S wave among inferior wall， anterior wall, anterior septum and lateral wall，as well as in fifty percent of time from R wave to peak of S wave. Conclusion：It is important to maintain myocardial synchrony for the cardiac function. VVI can noninvasively， quantitatively， accurately and quickly assess myocardial synchrony.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the effects of soluble interleukin-1 receptor typeⅡ（sIL-1RⅡ）on interleukin-1α（IL-1α）-induced expression of IL-8 in eutopic endometrial stromal cells（ESC） from patients with endometriosis（EMs）. Methods：ESC from patients with EMs were cultured in vitro. Stromal cells were treated with different concentrations of IL-1α（0，0.1，1.0，10，100 ng／ml） respectively for 24 h. Enzyme-linked immuno-assay（ELISA） and RT-PCR were used to examine the expression of IL-8 in transcriptional and translational levels. The concentration of IL-1α which could remarkably enhance the expression of IL-8 was used to stimulate ESC for different times. The levels of IL-8 were measured at each time point by RT-PCR and ELISA. Meanwhile, the effects of 1.0 μg／ml of sIL-1RⅡon IL-1α-induced expression of IL-8 were detected. Results：ESC could slightly express IL-8 without stimulation. The levels of IL-8 protein and mRNA were both remarkably increased after IL-1α stimulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. IL-8 expression induced by low concentration of IL-1α was inhibited by 1.0 μg／ml sIL-1RⅡ. Conclusion：IL-1α can induce IL-8 expression in eutopic ESC of EMs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It may contribute to the pathogenesis and development of EMs. sIL-1RⅡ can partially antagonize the effect of IL-1α and may offer a rational therapy method for endometriosis.

Abstract:The affiliated hospital was university’s important constituent, university’s personnel training could’t leave the affiliated hospital, the affiliated hospital construction development also couldn’t leave the support of the university. Therefore the author considered that in the cultural construction the affiliated hospital culture became the important content of the university culture , the university culture affected the affiliated hospital culture all the time, which enabled the affiliated hospital cultural construction to have deeper connotation, broader platform and stronger vitality. The influence was realized through many kinds of ways,such as the higher medicine education, the discipline construction, the medicine personnel training, medicine own rule, the scientific research and the teaching and so on. In the new time, the affiliated hospital cultural construction only absorbsed the university culture unceasingly in the construction process could enable the hospital cultural construction to have the connotation.

Abstract:Objective：To study the clinical correlated factors of renal damage in Henoch-Schonlein purpura（HSP）. Methods：Two hundred and six cases with HSP treated from May 1，1999 to May 31，2004 were retrospectively studied. Based on the urinary routin examination, the patients were divided into two groups, HSP without（128 cases） or with renal damage （78 cases）. In addition, based on the duration of urinary abnormality, the group of HSP with renal damage was further divided into two groups, HSP with passing（<1 week, 40 cases） or persistent（>1 week, 38 cases）urinary abnormality. Blood routin, urinary routin, biochemical examination, serum immunoglobulin, C3, C4, CIC, ASO, lymphocyte subpopulations were detected. Statistical analyses were performed using t test or chi square, a multivariate analysis（Binary Logistic Regression） to evaluate the potential factors of renal involvement. Results：In HSP group with renal damage, duration of the purpura, spread of the purpura, abdominal pain, hemorrhage of digestive tract, neutral cell percent, lymphocyte cell percent, serum total protein, serum albumin, serum urea nitrogen, serum total cholesterol and IgG were significantly different from those in HSP group without renal damage（P < 0.05）. In HSP with passing urinary abnormality, age, duration of the purpura, urinary routin examination, 24-hour urinary protein excretion, white blood cell count, serum total protein, serum albumin, IgG were significantly different from those in HSP wih persistent urinary abnormality（P < 0.05）. Neutral cell percent, serum albumin, serum total cholesterol were found to be independent risk factors for renal involvement, with a partial regression coefficient of 0.037（P = 0.042），-0.154（P = 0.003），0.916（P = 0.002） respectively. Conclusion：Increased neutral cell percent and serum cholesterol, decreased serum albumin are risk factors for renal involvement in HSP. In addition, duration of purpura, hematuria with proteinuria, heavy proteinuria, increase of age and neutral cell percent, decrease of serum total protein , serum albumin and IgG may be related with duration of renal damage.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the distribution and antibiotic resistance of the pathogens in lower airways in intensive care units（ICU）. Methods：A total of 399 sputum strains isolated from ICU inpatients with lower airways infections during 2004 were analyzed by the software WHONET 5.3 for the drug susceptibility of pathogens. The results were compared with those from general ward inpatients. Results：The distribution of pathogen in ICU was significantly different from that in general ward. The rate of antibiotic resistance was significantly higher in ICU than that in general ward. Bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase（ESBLs） were detected with a rate of 27.4%. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus（MRS） accounted for 78.6% of all Staphylococcus， resisting significantly to Macrolides， Cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones. Conclusion：At present， opportunistic pathogens and multidrug resistant pathogens play a more and more important role in lower airways infection. Piperacillin／ tazobactam is suggested for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the inpatients in ICU. Carbopenems and Piperacillin／tazobactam for ESBLs-producing pathogens and Vancomycin for MRS.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the audiological characteristics of a hereditary auditory neuropathy（AN） pedigree. Methods： Twenty-three members of the AN family were selected for this study. Detailed history collection, physical examination and systematic audiological evaluations were conducted. The later included pure tone audiometry, acoustic immittance, auditory brainstem response （ABR）, cochlear microphonics（CMs）, and evoked otoacoustic emissions（EOAEs）. Two hearing-impaired cases received 2 years-蒺 follow-up for their pure tone hearing. Results：Seven family members were diagnosed as AN according to the audiological data. In six of them, the hearing impairment started before the age of nine and progressed rapidly within 1 to 2 years. Pure tone audiometry showed bilateral symmetric, severe to profound hearing loss with high frequency sloping configuration in these patients. Other audiological tests revealed absence of acoustic reflexes and ABRs, and normal or near normal outer hear cell function as indicated in CMs and EOAEs. In one subject who didn't complain of hearing problem, however, the pure tone audiometry showed bilateral symmetric mild hearing loss with only high frequency involvement. The acoustic reflexes and ABR threshold in this patient were coincident with his hearing level; the CMs and EOAEs were within normal range. During two years-蒺 follow-up of hearing-impaired subjects, the hearing loss was progressive. Physical examination showed normal findings for all family members. Conclusion：Audiological phenotype of the AN pedigree is a form of nonsyndromic, bilateral symmetric, high frequency and sensorineural hearing impairment. The hearing loss of family members is either rapidly progressive, severe to profound with early-onset or slowly progressive, mild with later-onset.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the therapeutic effects of ganciclovir combined with gamma globulin and early intervention on neonatal cytomegalovirus infection（CMVI）-induced brain injury. Methods：Ninety-seven cases with CMVI brain injury were divided into 2 groups. Forty-four cases received gonciclovir combined with gamma globulin and early intervention（group A） and 53 cases received no therapy（group B）. Thirty normal full term infants（group C） served as control. There was no significant difference between group A and B in ordinary conditions（P > 0.05）. Results：Ｂody length, weight, head circumference, mental developmont index（MDI） and psychomotor development index（PDI） in group A were higher than those in group B（P < 0.05）. Retardation of movement, audition and language disability of group A were lower than those of group B respectively（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Ganciclovir combined with gamma globulin and early intervention can improve the prognosis of CMVI-induced brain injury in infants.

Abstract:High-level medical talent evaluation was an important issue in bringing up high-level talents in medical university. This article investigated the goals and principles for establishing the mechanism of high-level talent evaluation in medical university and brought several new insights for the design of evaluating criteria, the regeneration of methodology, and the design of procedures as well as supplementary systems, on purpose to provide useful references for bringing up high-level talents in medical university.

Abstract:The independent institute was one of the higher-education-reform organization forms. This article standed the standpoint of theory of public service and non-profit organization and explicated that the independent institute should be a non-profit organization. The article also proved its inherent public welfare and fairness characteristics. The author expected that the independent institute had the positive role which could not be substituted in higher-education popularity advancement in our country.

Abstract:Objective：To construct the recombinant adenovirus vector which can target EB virus positive lymphoma and express wild-type P53 gene. Methods：The rAd5.orip-CMV.P53 was generated by contransfection of 293 cells with pDC311.orip-CMV.P53.IRES-EGFP and the adenovirual packaging plasmid PBHGE3. The construction of virus was identified by PCR method, and the titer was measured by TCID50. To observe the specificity of the recombinant adenovirus, EBV-positive raji cells and EBV-negitive jurket cells were infected using rAd5.orip-CMV.P53 respectively. Results：The recombinant adenovirus targeting EBV-postive lymphoma and expressing P53 gene was successfully constructed. The results in vitro showed the recombinant adenovirus has specificity to EBV-positive lymphoma cells. Conclusion：rAd.orip-CMV.P53 may be used for targeting gene therapy of EBV-positive lymphoma.

Abstract:Cultivating the graduate student’s creative activity was the key in graduate education, which also was the evaluation standard for the quality of graduate education. Among many impact factors, the role of supervisors was crucial. Supervisors’ characters, such as outstanding academic background, excellent morality, rigorous scientific attitude, realistic science spirit, and the abilities to catch the development trend of research, had the direct influence on the cultivation of the graduate student’s creative activity. The article analyzed the effects of the supervisor factors such as their own quality, the academic level, the scientific attitude and their personalities on the cultivation of the graduate students’ creative activity.

Abstract:Development of tutorial system in the undergraduates was the necessary trend of higher education. This article narrated the means and the effect of tutorial system of authors’ school and analyzed the function of tutor system in the college education, then discussed with emphases on the main problem of the practice of the system in the university and some assumptions of consummating the tutorial system .

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the content of cancer stem-like cells in different human breast cancer cell lines and to explore the methods for enriching cancer stem-like cells in MCF-7. Methods：The percentage of SP cells and CD44+CD24-／low cells in human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7， MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435s were detected with flow cytometry. MCF-7 was separated by Percoll gradient centrifugation into five subpopulations. In order to screen which subpopulation contained the highest content of SP cells， each subpopulation was detected with flow cytometry. Then MCF-7 was cultured in serum-free DMEM／F12 containing EGF， bFGF， BSA and insulin. The percentage of CD44+CD24－／low cells was detected with flow cytometry after 1，2，3weeks，respectively. Results：The percentage of SP cells was 3.61% in MCF-7 and 2.72% in MDA-MB-435s. There was no SP cells detected in MDA-MB-231. The percentage of CD44+CD24-／low cells was 0.87% in MCF-7， 0.59% in MDA-MB-231 and 94.04% in MDA-MB-435s. After the separation of Percoll gradient centrifugation， subpopulation D of MCF-7 was rich in SP cells，and reached up to 25.23%. The cancer stem-like cells in MCF-7 grew as clonal nonadherent spherical clusters. CD44+CD24-／low cells in MCF-7 increased after culture in serum-free medium. The percentage of CD44+CD24-／low cancer stem-like cells reached up to 29.23% after 3 weeks culture in serum-free medium. Conclusion：SP cells detection and CD44+CD24-／low cells detection are two commonly used methods in detecting breast cancer stem cells. But the results of two methods often disagree. Each method has its own limitation. The cancer stem-like cells in MCF-7 can enrich after separation by Percoll gradient centrifugation or culture in serum-free medium.

Abstract:The article investigated in how to improve the teaching reformation in the fields of PBL, bilingual teaching and stereoscopic teaching through innovation of textbook contents, compilation patterns and publication means during the compilation of the new edition of Clinical Laboratory Pathogenic Biology.

Abstract:The objective of this article was to improve the quality of clinical teaching in ophthalmology and innovate traditional teaching methods. According to their specialty,123 students of Grade 2002 were randomly divided to problem-based learning (PBL) group and lecture-based learning (LBL) group. The teaching effectiveness of two teaching methods were compared and appraised after the students were lectured by PBL and LBL as teaching methods in ophthalmology, respectively. The results showed that the average score, the number of students with high score and the fine rate of teaching effectiveness appraisal targets in PBL group were significant higher than that in LBL group. The results indicated that the teaching effectiveness of PBL was better than that of LBL and PBL should be extensively applied in clinical teaching in ophthalmology.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression and value of P16INK4A, CDK4 and cyclin D1 protein in uterine smooth muscle tumors. Methods：The expression of P16INK4A, CDK4 and cyclin D1 protein in 21 cases of uterine leiomyosarcoma, 34 cases of uterine leiomyoma and 22 cases of normal myometrium was detected by SP immunohistochemical technique, and the expression of P16INK4A mRNA studied by in situ hybridization. Results：Positive rates of P16INK4A, CDK4 and cyclin D1 in uterine leiomyosarcoma, leiomyoma and normal myometrium were 62%, 90%, 57%; 15%, 26%, 53%; 10%, 10%, 0% respectively. There was significant difference in the expression of P16INK4A, CDK4（P ＜ 0.05） between leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma.The expression of cyclin D1 showed significant different（P ＜ 0.05） between LMS and normal myometrium, LMA and normal myometrium. The in situ hybridization result and the immunohistochemical result is basic one. Conclusion：P16INK4A, CDK4 might play an important role in sarcomagenesis; Overexpression of cyclin D1 is a common molecular alteration that may occur in the early stage; Combining immunohistochemical detection of P16INK4A and CDK4 is helpful to distinguish leiomyosarcoma from leiomyoma.

Abstract:After many years’ study and exploration, a model which suits community practice teaching in clinical medicine had been established in Zhaoqing Medical College. This teaching model combined hospital care with community care as well as community service. It had been proved, by practice, to be able to make up for the insufficiency of the traditional model in clinical practice teaching. By doing this, the quality of students’ practice and their professional skills could be improved so as to increase their awareness and abilities of community health care. We could also serve the community with our teaching resources, thereby promoting the development of the community medical care.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of epidermal growth factor（EGF） on endothelin-1（ET-1） secretion and mRNA expression in hormone refractory prostate cancer（HRPC） PC-3 cell line. Methods：The expression of ET-1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and ET-1 secretion was detected by radioimmunoassay（RIA） in PC-3 cell line treated with EGF. The change of ET-1 secretion after the treatment with different doses of EGF was measured by RIA. Results：After the treatment with EGF, the expression of ET-1 mRNA and ET-1 secretion in PC-3 cell line was up-regulated, and there was significant difference（P ＜ 0.05） between experimental group and control group. After the treatment with different doses of EGF, ET-1 secretion was up-regulated as the dose of EGF increased. One-factor analysis of variance indicated the effects of different doses of EGF on secretory volume of ET-1 were different（P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion：The expression of ET-1 mRNA and ET-1 secretion in PC-3 cell line is up-regulated by EGF which plays a role in the progress of prostate cancer.

Abstract:Metaphor was an important means of expressing time in Chinese. People knew time was an abstract conception through other conceptions of concrete images. Ontological metaphors, orientational metaphors and structure metaphor were the main ways of time metaphor. The character of the metaphor expressed by time in Chinese was proved from one certain aspect that metaphor played an important rule in human language.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the near future curative effect and quality of life of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma（DLBCL） treated with alternate half-body irradiation combined with R-CHOP. Methods：Ｔhe near future curative effect, quality of life and adverse reaction of three patients with DLBCL treated with alternate half-body irradiation combined with R-CHOP were evaluated. Results：The near future curative effect of patient has upgrade tendency and there was no obviously adverse reaction. Conclusion：The project of alternate half-body irradiation combined with R-CHOP to treat DLBCL has effect on apparente synergia and attenuation and could improve the patient’s quality of life.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the co-localization of the serotonin and GABA in the brainstem, providing the morphological evidence for the co-localization of serotonin（5-HT） and GABA in the central nervous system. Methods：5-HT and GABA in the brainstem of GAD67-GFP knock-in mouse were labeled by utilizing the double immunofluorescent histochemical staining. The co-localization of serotonin neuron with GABA was observed in the 5-HTergic B1-B9 cell groups and counted. Results：Of all the serotonin cell groups in the brainstem，the nucleus raphe magnus contained the most double-labeled cells with a mean of 10.0%, followed by the nucleus raphe pallidus and the nucleus raphe obscurus, with a mean of 1.8% and 1.4% respectively. Nucleus raphe pontine and nucleus raphe dorsal contained very few double-labeled cells with a mean of 0.9% and0.3%. No double-labeled neuron was found in B4, B6 and B8-9 cell groups at all. Conclusion：In the central nervous system, the co-localized serotonin neuron with GABA exists only in parts of the medullar raphe nucleus, but there is no this kind of neurons in the midbrain raphe nucleus and non-raphe serotonergic cell groups in the brainstem.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the mechanism of diabetic erectile dysfunction（ED） by detecting the variation of the activity and distribution of nuclear factor-kappaB（NF-κB） in the corpus cavernosum of rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods：All of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups：control group（group A, n = １０）， diabetic group for 4 weeks（group Ｂ, n = １4）， and diabetic group for 12 weeks（group C, n = 16）. The diabetes model was established by the injection of STZ. After some weeks erection function was examined by apomorphine injection. The content of NF-κB in the erectile tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining. At the same time the activity of NF-κB was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay（EMSA）. Results：Compared with those in group A，erection function was down-modulated significantly， and the activity of NF-κB in penile tissues was higher in group B and group C（P < 0.05）. And the expression of NF-κB had an increasing tendency with the extension of the disease course. NF-κB was mainly expressed in the endothelial cell of the corpus cavernosum， however less in contractile fiber cells and other cells. Conclusion：The activity and distribution of NF-κB in the corpus cavernosum of diabetic rats has been shown to be altered with diabetes. NF-κB might play an important role in the develoment of diabetic ED.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the distribution pattern of 99mTc-AcTnIMA in rats with experimental acute myocardial injury, and to determine the possibility of 99mTc-AcTnIMA to be a tracer of myocardial radioimmunoimaging for the detection of myocardial injury. Methods：In the experimental group，20 rats with acute myocardial lesion were injected with 0.2mci 99mTc-AcTnIMA, and killed 2, 4, 6 h and 8 h after injection respectively（5 rats）. Blood, liver, spleen, kidney, healthy muscle, lung and heart muscle of each rat were taken and the injected dosage（ID％／g） and the ratio of ID％／g for heart to lung（HLR） was calculated. In the pharmic control group，20 rats with acute myocardial lesion were injected with 0.2mci 99mTc-N-IgG and were killed in the same way as the experimental group. Lungs and hearts were taken and ID％／g and HLR of each rat was calculated. In the blank control, 20 healthy rats were injected with 0.2mci 99mTc-AcTnIMA and the subsequent procedures were same as the pharmic group. Results：Specific uptake of 99mTc-AcTnIMA by acute compromised cardiac muscles was observed with its peak 4 h after injection. Conclusion：99mTc-AcTnIMA could be a useful tracer of myocardial radioimmunoimaging to diagnose acute myocardial injury.

Abstract:Objective：To demonstrate the protective effects of edaravone against neuronal anoxia-reoxygenation injury and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods：Acute lucose-oxygen deprivation and subsequent reoxygenation were used to establish anoxia-reoxygenation injury model in cultured hippocampal cells. Cells were treated with different concentrations of edaravone upon reoxygenation. Metabolic rate of MTT, the content of malondialdehyde（MDA） and the activity of NOS were measured by assay kits. The rate of apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Results：Edaravone raised the metabolic rate of MTT and reduced malondialdehyde level and activity of NOS of anoxia-reoxygenation injury model in a dose-dependent manner compared with untreated group. The peak of neuroprotective effects occurred at the dose of 100 and 300 -滋mol／L. Cell apoptotic rate was significantly decreased following edaravone treatment（P < 0.01）. There was no significant difference between 100 and 300 -滋mol／L group. Conclusion：Edaravone has protective effect on hippocampal neurons against anoxia-reoxygenation injury by increasing the metabolic rate of MTT, inhibiting lipid peroxidation，reducing the activity of NOS and decreasing apoptosis.

Abstract:Objective：To study the influencing factors of specific disease in the maternity insurance and to give the evidence for payment system according to specific disease. Methods：Structural equation models were used to analyze the data of 1525 cases from 4 hospitals in Nanjing from 2002 to 2004. Results：The effect coefficient of the clinical characters, the quality of medical care and the social-economic character was 0.9334, 0.3194, 0.2230, respectively. In the 3 latent variables, the effect coefficient of clinical characters was the most significant on the medical cost. Conclusion：Ｓtructural equation models could be established and effectively analyze the influencing factors of specific disease.

Abstract:Objective：To determine the critical point and the measures to prevent and control the aflatoxin contamination to peanut, with HACCP principle in the whole commodity flow “from farm to table”. Methods：Based on the high risk of aflatoxins in peanut and the main factors affecting occurrence of aflatoxins, the commodity flow diagram was described for the baked peanut in shell. The hazard of aflatoxin in each step of the commodity flow was analyzed according to HACCP principle, and the corresponding measures to prevent and control aflatoxins in peanut were proposed. Results：The contamination of peanut by aflatoxin appeared in the whole steps including plantation, harvesting, storage of raw material, process, storage of product and transportation. The contamination of aflatoxin in peanut was related to moulded kernels, damaged kernels, sprouted kernels and immatured kernels. So the steps to decrease the level of aflatoxin and to prevent the peanut from being re-contaminated by aflatoxin should be taken as the critical control point. The measures to control the moisture content and remove unsound kernel including moulded kernels, damaged kernels, sprouted kernels and immatured kernels should be taken as the measures to prevent and control aflatoxins in peanut. Conclusion：The critical control points and the measures to prevent and control the hazard of aflatoxins in peanut will be ascertained by the application of HACCP principle.

Abstract:Objective:To study the indication and the experiences of Staheli’s slotted acetabular augmentation in the treatment of Perthes disease in children. Methods:Twenty-six patients with Perthes disease were treated by Staheli’s slotted acetabular augmentation. The series consisted of 22 boys and 4 girls(right 18 cases,left 8 cases). According to Catterall’s classification,3 cases were graded as group Ⅱ,12 cases were graded as group Ⅲ,11 cases were graded as group Ⅳ. Results:All patients were successfully followed up for a period from 6 months to 3 years(the mean of 2 years and 1 months),and were assessed clinically with Mckay Criteria and radiologically with Willett assessment. The clinical results showed that the overall excellent or good rate was 98.16%. The radiological results showed that epiphyseal heigh,percentage of acetabular cover and center edge angle significantly increased(P < 0.001),Sharp angle significantly decreased(P < 0.001),the continuity of Shenton’s line and the form of femoral head was obviously improved. Conclusion:Staheli’s slotted acetabular augmentation should be an effective procedure for treating Perthes disease in children.