Abstract:Objective:Carbamylated EPO(CEPO) is a derivative of erythropoietin(EPO) by subjecting it to carbamylation. It does not stimulate erythropoiesis, but effectively protects tissue from injury. The present study was to investigate the effect of CEPO treatment using in vitro models of hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R). Methods:Cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia(95% N2 and 5% CO2) for 1 hour followed by 4 hours of reoxygenation(95% O2 and 5% CO2). CEPO was administered after hypoxia, just before reoxygenation. The apoptotic cardiomyocytes were determined by flow cytometry. The level of protein was assessed by western blot analysis. Results: CEPO treatment significantly decreased the apoptotic cardiomyocytes by 54.20% compared with H/R group. Western blot analysis showed that CEPO administration increased the level of Bcl-2(an antiapoptotic protein) by 62.22% compared with H/R group. Conclusion: Acute administration of CEPO protected cardiomyocytes from H/R-induced apoptosis. CEPO protected cardiomyocytes with a concomitant upregulation of Bcl-2 after H/R injury.

Abstract:Objective:ATP-binding cassette transporters(ABC) A1 and G1 play an important role in mediating cholesterol efflux and preventing macrophage foam cell formation. In this study, we examined the regulation of ABC transporters by high glucose in human vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs), the other precursor of foam cells. Methods:Incubation of human VSMCs with D-glucose(5 to 30 mM) for 1 to 7 days in the presence or absence of antioxidant and nuclear factor(NF)-κB inhibitors, the expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1 were analyzed by real time PCR and Western blotting. Results:High glucose decreased ABCG1 mRNA and protein expression in cultured VSMCs, whereas the expression of ABCA1 was not significantly decreased. Down-regulation of ABCG1 mRNA expression by high glucose was abolished by antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) and NF-κB inhibitors, BAY 11-7085 and tosyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl-ketone(TPCK). Conclusion:High glucose suppresses the expression of ABCG1 in VSMCs, which is the possible mechanism of VSMC derived foam cell transformation.

Abstract:Objective:To construct the adenoviral expression vector system containing human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) cDNA, and to further study the transduction efficiency and the expression of HGF in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods:The HGF cDNA was amplificated from the expression plasmid pCMV-HGF, and was subcloned into the adenovirus shuttle plasmid pDC316-IRES-EGFP vector containing a green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene. Virus Ad-HGF was produced by homologous recombination in HEK293 package cells. Bone marrow derived MSCs were harvested and cultured, and then were transduced with Ad-HGF. The efficiency of Ad-HGF transduction was assessed by FACS analysis using GFP gene expression. And HGF/MSCs were generated. The HGF concentrations in supernatants of HGF/MSCs were determined by ELISA using anti-human HGF monoclonal antibody. Results: The recombinant, named pDC316-HGF-IRES-eGFP, was digested with restriction enzyme, and the DNA sequencing of HGF was identical to the report in Genebank and did not reveal any mutation. GFP expression could be observed on the second day after packing of the linearized pAd-HGF in HEK293 cells and 7.15×1010pfu/ml titer of Ad-HGF was obtained. Forty-eight hours after transduction, 96.89% of HGF/MSCs were GFP positive. Peak concentration levels of hHGF(103ng/mL) in the cultured supernatants were detected on day 2 post-transduction, and the adenovirus-mediated expression of HGF by MSCs was maintained for at least 2 weeks in vivo. Conclusion:Our data demonstrated that the adenovirus expression vector system pDC316-HGF-IRES-EGFP has been constructed successfully, and their effective expressions also have been obtained in MSCs. This will provide material basis for the next study on liver regeneration after small-for-size liver transplantation.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effects of synthetic retinoid CD437 and acitretin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cycle arrest and Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression of melanoma A375 cell. Methods:MTT assay was used to determine the anti-proliferative effects of CD437 and acitretin on melanoma A375 cell. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate the influence of CD437 and acitretin on cell cycle and cell apoptosis. SABC immunocytochemistry was employed for detection of Bax/bcl-2 protein expressions. Results:10-5 mol/L CD437 was more effective than acitretin in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of A375 cell after 24 h treatment, growth inhibiting ratio and apoptosis ratio(58.6%vs43.25% and 28.03%vs17.13%, P < 0.05 respectively). CD437 promoted G0/G1 arrest in melanoma A375 cell, however acitretin could not. CD437 and acitretin could up-regulate the expression of Bax protein and down-regulate the expression of bcl-2 protein(P < 0.05). Conclusion:CD437 is more effective than acitretin in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis and cycle arrest on A375 cell. CD437 may have more potentialities than acitretin for subsidiary treatment of melanoma. Mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is partially involved in two drugs inducing apoptosis on A375 cell.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of nifedipine(calciumchannel blocker) on the expression of collagen in gingival fibroblasts invitro. Methods:Primarily gingival fibroblasts were cultured and incubated with various concentrations of nifedipine(108μg/L, 360μg/L and 1200μg/L)for 5 days. Gingival fibroblasts were primarily cultured derived from nifedipine responders and non-responders in the presence of 360μg/L nifedipine. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the amount of type I collagen. Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting with evaluating MTT value. Results:The expressions of collagen and cell proliferation were significantly different among the high concentration groups and the others on the fifth day, especially higher in 360μg/L and 1200μg/L groups and also different among nifedipine responders and non-responders. Conclusion:The expression of collagen and cell proliferation may be concerned with the biological mechanism for gingival overgrowth.

Abstract:In order to solve the problem of the difficulty in seeing a doctor and the high cost of getting a treatment, the article analyzed the reasons why it was difficult and costly to see a doctor. The direct causes included the loss of medical morality, pool medical technology, high price and out-蛳dated medical system. Besides, there were some indirect reasons and some deep reasons of conservative concept. The authors considered that in order to solve the problem that was difficult and expensive to access medical service completely, protect people＇s health rights and make people pay the medical expenses fairly, the key was the improvement of the medical environment, government function, and people＇s concept and so on step by step.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the feasibility of the combination of detecting hypermethylated secreted frizzled-related protein 1(SFRP1) and secreted frizzled-related protein 2(SFRP2) in feces as a panel of biomarkers for colorectal cancer(CRC) screening. Methods:Methylation-specific PCR(MSP) was performed to analyze methylation status of SFRP1 and SFRP2 in a blinded fashion in tumor tissues and in matched stool samples from 39 patients with primary CRC, 34 patients with adenomas, 17 patients with hyperplastic polyps and 20 endoscopically normal subjects as normal controls. Simultaneously we analyzed the correlation of hypermethylated SFRP1 and SFRP2 with the clinicopathological features of CRC. Results:Hypermethylated SFRP1 was detected in 92.3%, 76.5%, 47.1% of tissue samples and in 89.7%, 64.7%, 35.3% of matched fecal samples from CRC, adenoma and hyperplastic polyp, respectively. Hypermethylated SFRP2 was detected in 87.2%, 67.6%, 35.3% of tissue samples and in 82.1%, 55.9%, 29.4% of matched fecal samples from CRC, adenoma and hyperplastic polyp, respectively. Of these two genes, at least one hypermethylated was 94.9%, 82.4%, 52.9% in tissue samples and 92.3%,73.5%, 47.1% in matched fecal samples from CRC, adenoma and hyperplastic polyp, respectively. In contrast, no hypermethylated SFRP1 and SFRP2 were detected in mucosa tissues of normal controls, only 2 cases of fecal samples was detected with hypermethylated SFRP1 and another 1 case was detected with hypermethylated SFRP2. Moreover, no significant associations were observed between hypermethylated SFRP1,SFRP2 and clinicopathological features of CRC. Conclusion:Hypermethylation of SFRP1 and SFRP2 in feces are novel epigenetic biomarkers of CRC and carried high potential for the remote detection of CRC as non-invasive screening method, and combined analysis of hypermethylated SFRP1 and SFRP2 in fecal could further increase the detection rate of CRC and premalignant lesions.

Abstract:The no-fault liability in the compensation for medical injury may cause various doctor’s dominating treatments and defensive treatments and general rise of medical expenses as well as the decline of doctor’s attention. So the author considered that the current system could provide considerable protection for the patients and the no-fault liability was noneffective in our legislation.

Abstract:This article provides the efficacy of the new device, Ligasure Vessel Sealing System(LVSS) for achieving hemostasis. LVSS is an alternative to suture ligatures, hemoclips, staplers, for ligating vessels and tissue bundles. This new device seals the vessels up to 7 mm in diameter by denaturing collagen and elastin within vessel wall and surrounding connective tissue.

Abstract:Informed consent right was one of the patient＇s legal rights in the medical activities. Based on the multiple role and special statue of hospital side in the medical activities, it should be given to freedom corresponding to the right of defenses under certain conditions. In general, the following would be formed the defense causes of medical infringement on informed consent right of the patient: enforced medical behavior of the doctor side, the discretionary behavior of the patient side which be informed obligation by the doctor, the failure of the obligation because of irresistible force or accidents, the informed consent right which was refused and abandoned by patient and having faults when the family members acted as the agents, etc.

Abstract:Objective:Giant cell tumours(GCT) represent one of the most common benign tumours of bone. However, despite its benign nature they are aggressive lesions that have a tendency to recur. This study aims to report experience with the treatment of GCTs, and reviews the relationship between surgical management and clinical outcome. Methods:A retrospective review was performed with 70 patients (32 males and 38 females) who presented to our institution between 1991 and 2001 with GCT of bone. An evaluation of the oncological and functional results was conducted and patients were divided into three groups according to the treatment method; GroupⅠ:(46 patients) intralesional curettage and adjuvant therapy and packing with filling materials. GroupⅡ:(18 patients) en-bloc resection and arthrodesis or reconstruction. GroupⅢ:(6 patients) amputation. Results:The mean follow-up period was 10 years (range, 5-15 years). The overall rate of local recurrence was 14%, 22% in Group I, and only 4% in GroupⅡ and GroupⅢ. According to the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society(MSTS) score for functional outcome, the mean overall score for Group I was 27.9 (out of 30), 15.9 for GroupⅡ. Of note, the 9 patients within GroupⅡ who received endoprosthetic reconstruction, the mean overall MSTS functional score was 25.5. Conclusion:Intralesional curettage with adjuvant therapies and filling agents is often associated with a relatively high recurrence rate, however joint function is well preserved. Patients with more extensive, biologically aggressive, and/or recurrent tumours are best treated with en-bloc resection.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and its pathological effect in the experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver of rats, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods:The rat NAFLD model was established by giving a fat-enriched diet. The blood samples were obtained form abdominal aorta and the levels of serum ALT, AST and IL-1, changes in the hepatic tissue 6-k-PGF1α TXB2 were measured. The expression level of COX-2 in rats livers were assayed by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western-blot. Results: Light microscope analysis revealed that hepatocytes were injured in the model group and slightly in the treatment group. The levels of serum TXB2 and IL-1 in the fatty liver rats were increased. Compared with the model group, the IL-1 and TXB2 increased significantly(P < 0.05), on the contrary, compared with the normal group, the hepatic tissue 6-Keto-prostagland decreased significantly in the model group(P < 0.05), the treatment group also increased but P > 0.05. There was no positive expression of COX-2 in hepatic tissue of normal rats. In the model group, there was positive expression of COX-2 antigen and the number of COX positive cells progressively increased at 4, 8, 12 wks. The intensity of expression of COX-2 had significantly increased(P < 0.05） and the intensity of COX-2 expression in the treated group decreased remarkably compared with the model group(P < 0.05). The expression of COX-2 mRNA and the level of COX-2 protein were significantly stronger in the liver of model rats compared with normal rats, and significantly weaker in treated rats, than in 8W and 12W model rats(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The increase of COX-2 expression in NAFLD is closely associated with the severity of liver inflammation and damage. COX-2 may play an important role in the progression of rat NAFLD, and the expression of COX-2 mRNA is downregulated by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, which can depress the oxidative stress and control inflammatory response efficiently.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate clinical features and imageology of renal cysts of high density, containing proteinaceous fluid and increase the diagnosis and treatment level of this special type renal cyst. Methods:Six cases were proven to be renal cysts of high density(pathologically) from 2002 to 2007 were reviewed. Among 6 cases, 1 was in the upper pole of kidney, 4 were medial and 1 was located in the anus perineum . All were 2-5 cm in size. Ultrasonography(US) excretory unognaphy, multiphase CT and renal angiography DSA imaging was performed for preoperative diagnosis. The preoperative diagnosis found renal neoplasms in 4 and renal cysts in 2. All of them were operated by partial nephrectomy. Results:All of the 6 renal high density renal masses were resected surgically, which were proved pathologically to be renal cysts; high density present. All of them contained proteinaceous fluid with benign cyst walls on histologic examination. No recurrence was seen in any of these cases during a long follow-up. Conclusion:CT and B-US have a higher diagnostic value, which can show the internal shape and character better. B-US or CT guided puncturing biopsy can be better applied to atypical renal cysts. Once the correct diagnosis is acquired, laparoscopic surgical treatment should be carried out.

Abstract:In the long-term revolution and construction in China, Comrade Mao Zedong devoted to the ideology of Marxism transformation in China and formed a unique idea. Overall, Comrade Mao Zedong＇s connected thought on ideology of Marxism transformation in China included the interrelated areas: studying Marxism which was the precondition of Marxism transformation in China, putting investigations and researches into practice which were the foundations, combining theory and practice which was the key, seeking truth from facts and adhering the direction of Marxism transformation in China, promoting theoretical innovation, and speeding up the process of Marxism transformation in China.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of autophagy related gene; Beclin1 in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) tissues. Methods:Protein expression of Beclin1 was determined by immunofluorescence staining and Western Blot, mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results:Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the level of Beclin1 expression in lung cancer was significantly lower than that in adjacent noncancerous tissues and normal tissues(expression rate 8.3%, P=0.000). The Beclin1 mRNA expression in lung cancer, adjacent noncancerous tissues and normal tissues was 1.372 (±0.475) 1.721 (±0.521) and 1.553(±0.554) when F = 15.0, P < 0.01. Beclin1 protein expression in lung cancer, adjacent noncancerous tissues and normal tissues was 3.453(±0.852) 5.423(±1.351) and 6.878(±0.997) F = 11.2, P < 0.01. Conclusion:The protein and mRNA expression of Beclin1 in lung cancer was much lower than those in and around cancer tissues and normal tissues, those differences having statistical significance. However in adjacent noncancerous tissues and normal tissues, the expression showed no difference.

Abstract:Objective:Several studies have analyzed the clinical profiles of patients diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM). We sought to identify its characteristics in a regional cohort of Nanjing and its adjacent region. Methods:Clinical profiles of 121 referred patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Data including family history, clinical symptoms, electrocardiography and recent echocardiography were collected. Results: The mean age of this population was 42±17 years(range from 6 to 76) at diagnosis of HCM. Most patients were male(60%). 48 patients(39.7%) has a family history, 19 had a sudden death in a first degree relative and 96(79.3%) were recognized with cardiac symptoms. Left ventricular outflow obstruction(gradient≥30 mmHg at rest) was presented in 26(21.5%) patients. ECG abnormalities comprised of arrhythmia in 54(51.4%) and abnormal T wave in 72(68.6%) patients. FS were higher in female than male(P = 0.001). Among younger patients(age≤50 years), LVDd and LVWP were smaller in females than males(P = 0.042 & 0.023 respectively). In older patients(age＞50 years), LVDs was higher in male(P = 0.016) and EF was higher in female(P = 0.048). Conclusion:HCM patients in the region are almost diagnosed with the presentation of cardiac symptoms; those without any symptoms could be recognized by ECG and family screening. Most cardiac hypertrophy affects the interventricular septum. LVDd, LVWP, LVDs, FS and EF showed significant differences related to age and gender.

Abstract:Patients with abrupt onset of chest pain, ischemic ECG abnormalities and elevated levels of cardiac markers could be given a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. However, some other diseases should be taken into consideration in this clinical setting when coronary arteries are proven to be normal. Here we report a case of acute myopericarditis with clinical presentation of myocardial infarction and normal coronary anatomy. The Herpes Simplex Virus II was considered as the organism causing myopericarditis and the patient was recovered by the treatment with valacicloavir. A precise diagnosis is a prerequisite of successful treatment and favorable prognosis.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the promoters’ activities of human interleukin-10(IL-10),IL-10 receptor(IL-10Rα),IL-4 and IL-4 receptor(IL-4Rα) during the lytic cycle replication of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in BCBL-1 cells. Methods:Promoters’ sequences of IL-10,IL-10Rα and IL-4Ra were amplified using PCR from total DNA of human genome. The PCR products were further cloned into pGL-3 basic vector to construct recombinant luciferase reporter plasmids. After infected by HSV-1,BCBL-1 cells were transfected with the promoter-driven luciferase constructs to induce luciferase gene expression and calculate the relative luciferase activity unit(RLU). Results:IL-10,IL-10Rα and IL-4Rα promoter sequences were isolated and constructed recombinant luciferase reporter plasmids successfully. The luciferase reporter recombinant exhibited a strong promoter activity,and the promoter-driven luciferase expression was increased significantly after infected with HSV-1 in BCBL-1 cells when compared with pGL-3 basic vector(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The data presented the evidence that HSV-1 could up-regulate the expression of IL-10 and IL-4 by activating IL-10,IL-4 and their receptors. And these data also suggested that IL-10 and IL-4 should partially contribute to HSV-1-induced KSHV replication in BCBL-1 cells.

Abstract:Nowadays, most journals of medical university have to face the difficulty of the deficiency of excellent papers. Combining the experience of successful international journals and the condition of most journals of national medical university, this paper pointed out that there were many problems in the academic characteristic of editors in our country and it should pay much attention to the editorial self-cultivation and try to be scholar editors in order to improve the academic impact of the journals of medical university.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the effect of complement depleting with cobra venom factor(CVF) on apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs) and expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45 α(Gadd45α) in rats with Thy-1 nephritis(Thy-1 N). Methods:The rat model of Thy-1 N was reproduced with rabbit anti-thymocyte serum(ATS). The rats were divided into 3 groups, control group,Thy-1 N group and CVF+Thy-1 N group. The complement hemolytic activity(CH50) was determined by red cell hemolytic test. Apoptosis in GMCs was examined by electron microscope(EM) and Tdt-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL). The mRNA of Gadd45α was measured by RT-PCR and real-time PCR at 40 min,3,6,12 and 24 h, meanwhile the expression of Gadd45α protein was determined by Western blot at 3 h. Results:CH50 activity in CVF+Thy-1 N group at 40 min,3,6,12,24 h and 5 d was significantly lower than that in Thy-1 N group and control group(P < 0.01). In Thy-1 N group, some GMCs began to undergo apoptosis at 40 min, more prominent at 3 h, and decreased gradually. But, in CVF+Thy-1 N group, the number of apoptosis cells was markedly less than that in Thy-1 N group at above-mentioned time. The expression of Gadd45α gene from renal tissues in Thy-1 N group was up-regulated at 40 min, reached peak level at 3 h, but the expression level of Gadd45α mRNA in CVF+Thy-1 N group was significantly less than that in Thy-1 N group(P < 0.01). The expression of Gadd45α protein in Thy-1 N group was higher than that in control group at 3 h, but the protein expression in CVF+Thy-1 N group was markedly less than that in Thy-1 N group(P < 0.01). Conclusion:Complement depleting with CVF could obviously decrease the apoptosis of GMCs and inhibit the expression of Gadd45α gene in rats with Thy-1 nephritis.

Abstract:The strengthening of mental health education was one of the important measures for all-round development of university students and also was a significant component of moral education. Therefore, psychological instructors of university should exactly comprehend the importance of mental health education and actively work to effectively integrate ideological education into ethical education, for the purpose of cultivating high-quality students with healthy physique and personality.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of CD137 signal on regulation of CIK cell proliferation and function. Methods:CIK cells were induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the culture with the presence of CD3mAb,IL-2,IFN-γ. Cells treated with CD137mAb or mouse IgG1 isotype control was assigned to experimental group or control group,separately. The cell proliferation was determined by cell counting with trypan blue staining test. Phenotypes and IFN-γ production of CIK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM);Cytotoxicity was measured by LDH activity released from the supernatant of cell cultures. Results:The concentration of CD137-CIK cells in experimental group was dramatically higher than traditional CIK cells in control group. The concentration was respectively arrived at (9.87 ± 0.57)×106/ml and (7.02 ± 0.68)×106/ml;The percentages of CD3+CD56+ cells and the expression of IFN-γ in experimental group were increased significantly compared with control group as well;The CD137-CIK cells possessed much higher ability to kill lung cancer cell(A549) than IgG1-CIK cells did. Conclusion:CD137-CIK cells exhibited strong activities of proliferation and cytotoxicity against A549 cells.

Abstract:With the rising status of higher education in the era of knowledge-based economy, the developed countries like UK were conducting reformation to boost their postgraduate education. The reformation and development were characterized by diversified degrees, enlarged and internationalized admission system, integrated course content, and standardized quality control. Admittedly, many differences were found between China and UK in the postgraduate education. There had many merits to be worth us studing and using for reference.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of angiotensinⅡreceptor subtypes(AT1R,AT2R) and β2-adrenergic receptor(AR)in the lungs of asthmatic rats,and the influence of valsartan upon their expression. Methods:Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,group A(control),group B(asthma),group C1(Valsartan 15 mg/kg),group C2(Valsartan 30 mg/kg),group C3 (Valsartan 50 mg/kg),each containing 10 subjects. The rats were sensitized by 10% ovalbumin peritoneal injection and challenged by 1% ovalbumin aerosol inhalation to establish the asthmatic model. The levels of AT1R,AT2R and β2-AR mRNA and protein in lung tissues were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot. Results:Comparing with control (group A),the expression levels of AT1R in asthmatic subjects(group B) was significantly increased(P < 0.05). Valsartan decreased the level of AT1R in asthmatic groups(group C1,C2 and C3). A negative correlation between the expression of AT1R and the dose of valsartan was demonstrated(r = -0.96). There was no AT2R expression in control(group A),while in asthmatic subjects(group B) the AT2R expression increased markably. By use of valsartan,the elevated level of AT2R either could not be found(group C1) or markedly decreased(group C2 and C3); Comparing with control(group A),the β2-AR level in asthmatic subjects(group B) was significantly decreased(P < 0.01). By use of valsartan,the positive expression rate of β2-AR increased in group C1,C2 and C3,compared with group B (P < 0.05,respectively). Conclusion:The results suggested that angiotensin II receptors(ATR) should express in rat lung tissues. The ATR might be activated and play a role in asthma attack. The expression and the function of ATR in the asthmatic rats lung may be related with the change of β2-AR. The expression of AT1R and AT2R in the asthmatic rats lung were increased,while β2-AR decreased. Valsartan could inhibit the expression of AT1R and promote the expression of β2-AR.

Abstract:The Optimization of the educational and teaching functions was vital to the construction of the affiliated hospitals of medical colleges and universities. The article discussed the significance of optimizing the educational and teaching functions of the affiliated hospitals, putting forward some measures to tackle the existing problems and challenges, including intensifying the guiding work of medical universities, raising hospital authorities’ awareness of the importance of the optimization, making constant efforts to achieve the optimization according to the specific situations of the hospitals concerned.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the effects and possible mechanism of epidermal growth factor on the cyclooxygenase-2 expression in PC-3 cells. Methods:COX-2 expression in the PC-3 cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot assay after stimulated with recombinant human epidermal growth factor(EGF)(1 μg/L,10 μg/L,100 μg/L) for 24 h;then LY294002(20 μmol/L),SC203580(20 μmol/L) and ZD1839(2 μmol/L) was used to treat PC-3 cell in combination with EGF(10 μg/L). The cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression was determined by Western blot assay. Results:The COX-2 expression in PC-3 cell was significantly increased after exposured to EGF(1~100 μg/L) for 24 h. LY294002,SC203580 and ZD1839 could prevent the expression of COX-2(P < 0.05).Couclusion:EGF could induce the upregulation of COX-2 in PC-3. LY294002 and SC203580 might be involved during the course.

Abstract:According to the theory of teaching and the actual situation in the clinical teaching hospital, a set of application evaluation system of hospital clinical trainee quality control was established. The system was based on the mathematical model using the tree theory of graph theory. It used Delphi technique to the multi-factor screening, including the various indicators for teaching evaluation of clinical teaching hospitals and the same to describe and calculate the relationship between the factors, in order to make the computation to be simple and can obtain more complete and rational evaluation results.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate Paeoniflorin’s inhibition effect on NF-κB in human gastric carcinoma cells and its role in the induction of cell apoptosis. Methods:Paeoniflorin was diluted to different concentrations and treated on the gastric carcinoma cells at different time. Western Blot was used to test the expression of NF-κB in nuclear and cytoplasm. The intranuclear expression of NF-κB was confirmed by ELISA assay. The influence on cell apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cell by Paeoniflorin and 5-FU was estimated by flow cytometry. Results:Paeoniflorin dramaticly inhibitied NF-κB activity in nuclear and cytoplasm. The inhibition pattern of NF-κB exhibited in a time and dose dependence,which was confirmed by Western Blot and ELISA. Moreover,Paeoniflorin had a promotion on cell apoptosis induced by 5-FU. Conclusion:Paeoniflorin could inhibit NF-κB activity in nuclear and cytoplasm of SGC-7901 cells,and enhance cellular apoptosis of gastric carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of p16 gene specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma models on nude mice and the antitumor efficacy of this adenoviral vector,by using the previously constructed adenovirus,AdAFP-p16,which expresses p16 gene and targets hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods:The hepatocellular carcinoma cell line,SMMC-7721,was cultured and injected(1×106 cells/mouse) subcutaneously on the right flanks of nude mice to establish the xenograft models. AdAFP-p16 of 1×109 pfu/mouse dosage was administrated intratumorally,then the in vivo antitumor activity of AdAFP-p16 was measured,and the morphological changes were observed pathologically. Results:AdAFP-p16 can mediate p16 gene expression specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma cells,and obviously inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells on nude mice,with the inhibition rate of 60.12%. Tumor necrosis was observed after the treatment of AdAFP-p16. Conclusion:The AFP promoter could control p16 gene expression specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma. This approach obviously inhibited the growth of the hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts on nude mice,and might play an important role in the comprehensive therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract:This paper aimed to investigate the current approaches to EFL reading instruction at a Chinese university through a series of classroom observations among 6 teachers and seek to find out potential problems with the current ways of teaching EFL reading. Meanwhile, a sequence of classroom observations conducted at a British university revealed that L2 reading can be taught in a different way, which, to some extent, was transferable to another teaching context. As a result, suggestions were put forward from three perspectives: focusing on the reading process, changing the teacher’s role, and adapting the current textbook.

Abstract:Objective:To compare the effect of 2 Hz or 100 Hz transcutenous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) on treating chronic pain with adjuvant monoarthritis in rats,and discuss changes of opioid peptide and anti-opioide peptide related to therapy effect.Methods:Water-in-oil type complete Freund’s adjuvant(CFA) was injected into the right tibio-tarsal joint to produce a monoarthritic model. After treated with TENS,the content of CCK-8,OFQ and EM2 was measured by radio-immunoassay in spinal perfusate and dorsalhalf of the spinal cord. Results:①2~5 weeks after arthritis,the content of CCK-8 in spinal cord was increased significantly(P < 0.05,P < 0.01),100 Hz TENS postponed peak time of CCK-8 from 2nd week to 3rd week.②100 Hz TENS was more effective than 2 Hz TENS in increasing content of OFQ. ③1~9 weeks after arthritis,the content of EM2 in spinal cord was decreased significantly(P < 0.01),100 Hz TENS postponed peak time of EM2 to 2nd week,and both 2 Hz and 100 Hz TENS can lead content of EM2 to normal during later period of arthritis(5~9 weeks). Conclusion:Changes of neuropeptide in spinal cord related to analgesia could take place in different degrees during arthritis,and different influence on opioide and antiopioid peptide might be involved in the mechanism of variation between two therapeutic effects of 2 Hz and 100 Hz TENS.

Abstract:In order to meet personnel training need under new medical modle, the elective course in stomatological sciences ——“Tooth Cosmetology and Prosthodontics” was carried out and mainly faced the students with non-stomatological sciences major. Through questionnaire survey, the necessity of the course, the arrangement as well as the effect of the curriculum were investigated and analysized. The result indicated that through 2-year-teaching practice, 96% students held welcome manner to “Tooth Cosmetology and Prosthodontics” and 98.4% students thought that they almost achieved the anticipated study purpose. This selective course has got the anticipated teaching progress.

Abstract:Objective:To study the influence of PPARγ in mechanism that nimesulide regulates apoptosis and proliferation of human stomach cancer cells. Methods:MTT assay and flow cytometry(FCM) were used to determine the influence of GW9662(0.1,0.5,1.0,5.0 μmol/L),a PPARγ specific inhibitor,on proliferation and apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells,which would be treated with Nimesulide in half an hour. Results:GW9662 can inhibited apoptosis of human stomach cancer cells caused by Nimesulide in a dose-dependent manner in a relative valid range and significantly decresed the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase,increased the proportion of cells in the S phase. Conclusion:GW9662 can partly inhibit the effects caused by nimesulide that regulates apoptosis and proliferation of human stomach cancer cells,which supposed PPARγ pathway is probably an important way for the effects of NSAIDs.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the correlation of IL-1,IL-6 and IL-10 levels to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome of rat model. Methods:Immature female Wistar rats were divided into control group,ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome(OHSS) group. For OHSS group,pregnancy mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) were given to induce OHSS. Forty-eight hours after administration of HCG,the rats were killed and then their ovary,blood samples were obtained for evaluation of interleukins-1,6,10(ELISA). Results:In OHSS group,both serum and ovarian concentrations of IL-1 were statistically significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05). The ovarian concentrations of IL-10 in OHSS group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion:These findings suggested that inflammation involving IL-1 in OHSS rats should play an important role in systemic symptoms. IL-6 and IL-10 could contribute to local inflammation of ovary.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the proliferative and apoptotic effects of RNAi-mediated NF-κB P65 gene on silencing pancreatic carcinoma cell strain PANC-1. Methods:Chemically synthesized small interference RNA(siRNA) directed against human NF-κB P65 was transfected into pancreatic carcinoma cell strain PANC-1 by using cationic liposome LipofectamineTM2000. The expression of NF-κB P65 and cyclinD1 gene was detected by using RT-PCR. The DNA binding activity of NF-κB was detected by the chemicon non-radioactive NF-κB P65 transcription factor assay kit. The effect of cell proliferation was studied by MTT. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and cell cycle of transfected cells. Results:The results of RT-PCR indicated that chemically synthesized siRNA could knock down the transcription and expression of NF-κB P65 and cyclinD1 gene. The difference between the RelA siRNA group and control groups was significant(P < 0.01). After transfection,the DNA binding activity of NF-κB P65 in RelA siRNA group was much lower than that in the negative control group and blank control group(P < 0.05). The inhibitory action on proliferation of RelA siRNA group cells was confirmed by MTT and cell cycle test. The apoptotic rate of RelA siRNA group was significantly higher than control groups(P < 0.01) and the cell account during G1 phases increased 10%. During S and G2/M phases the cells account decreased about 4% and 6%. Conclusion:The study provided basis for researching the function of NF-κB P65 gene,indicating the expression of NF-κB down-regulating might inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cell strain PANC-1.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene and FoxO3a transcription factor in the patients with primary or crisis blast CML leukemia. Methods:Using EVA Green,real-time RT-PCR methods for the detection of BCR/ABL,FoxO3a and GAPDH were explored. BCR/ABL and FoxO3a gene in 25 PBMC samples with primary CML leukemia and that of 25 cases with crisis blast CML leukemia were detected by real-time RT-PCR and 30 cases of health adults were also detected for FoxO3a gene. The difference of those genes expression between the groups was analyzed by ΔΔCt relative quantity means, in which GAPDH gene was used as control. Results:The expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene in the patients with crisis blast leukemia was 4.72 times higher than that of the patients with primary CML leukemia.For the expression of FoxO3a gene,the group of health adults was 143.39 and 8.18 times higher than those of primary and crisis blast leukemia group,respectively. Conclusion:Over-expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene and low-expression of FoxO3a were possibly correlated with the pathology process of CML in different phase.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the influence of Somatostation(SST) or Vasoactive Intestinal Peptides(VIP) on intestinal lymphocytes homing to Gut-associated lymphoid tissues(GALT) and to primarily explore its possible mechanisms. Methods:Intestinal lymphoctes were collected from rats’ intestinal lymphatics. After incubated with VIP or SST,they were labeled with 51Cr and then infused into veins of rats. 51Cr-lymphocytes in GALT were countered with γ counter 1 h later. And then the mRNA expression of SSTR-1~5,VIPR-1~2 on the lymphocyes were measured by RT-PCR. Results:The distribution of 51Cr-lymphocytes treated with VIP or SST in Peyer’s Patches were significantly less than that in control group, and no significant changes between diffusive lymphatic tissue of small intestinal and control group were observed. The rats’ intestinal lymphocytes apparently expressed the mRNA of SSTR-3 and VIPR-2. Conclusion:Under physical state,VIP or SST suppresses intestinal lymphocytes homing to Peyer’ patches,which may be directly mediated by SSTR-3 or VIPR-2 on the intestine lymphocytes.

Abstract:Objective:To develop a method for amplifying full-length DNA of hepatitis B virus(HBV) from serum samples and construct the complete genome clone of HBV. Methods:The full-length HBV DNA was amplified with long-PCR,the amplified product was identified by sequencing and cloned into pucl9 vector to construct a recombinant plasmid containing the complete genome of HBV,and then the X gene of HBV was amplified from the recombinant plasmid and sequenced. Results:The complete genome clone of HBV was acquired after determination by enzyme digestion and sequence ana1ysis,and the X gene can be amplified from the cloned HBV genome. Conclusion:The complete genome DNA of HBV can be amplified directly from serum samples,which provide the research basis for studying the relations between HBV genome mutation and its pathogenicity and the host anti-infection immune in whole level.

Abstract:Objective:To compare the effects of antenatal ambroxol and glucocorticoid(dexamethasone and betamethasone) on rat fetal lung morphogenesis. Methods:Twelve pregnant rats were randomly assigned four groups(n = 3):ambroxol group,dexamethasone group,betamethasone group and control group. The histologic structures of fetal rat lungs were observed with light microscope,transmission electron microscope and image analysis. Results:Compared with control group,fetal rat lung in the treatment groups had longer respiratory thecal perimeter(P < 0.05),larger alveolar space and thinner alveolar walls(P < 0.01). Fetal lung in the betamethasone injected rats had larger pulmonary alveoli,longer respiratory thecal perimeter and thinner alveolar septum(P < 0.01) than the dexamethasone treated animals. Under the transmission electron microscope,lamellar body and cellular organs in endochylema of typeⅡ alveolar cell of the treatment groups were more common compared with the control group. Obvious changes could be found in the fetal lung of dexamethasone and betamethasone treated animals. Conclusion:All of ambroxol,dexamethasone and betamethasone could promote the development of fetal lung,and the effect of betamethasone could be better than dexamethasone. Ambroxol could be used as an alternative drug to accelerate fetal lung maturity without the side effects of glucocorticoid.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effect of gangliaside GM-1 on induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) after cerebral ischemic reperfusion and approach its possible mechanism. Methods:Using 2 h ischemia and 22 h reperfusion middle cerebral artery occlusion model,male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model control group and GM-1 treat group which received GM-1 at doses of 15,30 or 60 mg/kg. The infarct size was evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining and image assay. The NO content and the activity of induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) were determined by biochemical assay. Results:In comparison with model control group,the infarct size,iNOS activity and NO content were decreased in the groups receiving GM-1 at both middle and high dose except low dose. Conclusion:The rise of iNOS activity could correlate closely with brain injury,and GM-1 could reduce iNOS activity,NO connect and brain injury after cerebral ischemia.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the efficacy and possible mechanism of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) treatment on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep syndrome(OSAS) and resistant hypertension(RH). Methods:Thirteen OSAS patients with RH were recruited. Before and on three months’ CPAP treatment,their blood pressures at 10:00 PM,2:00 AM and 6:00 AM were measured,and their morning plasma concentrations of aldosterone(ALD) and plasma renin activity(PRA) were tested at supine position with radioimmonoassay. Results:Compared with blood pressure before CPAP treatment,there was a significant decrease in blood pressure after three months’ CPAP treatment(all P < 0.01). Comparison of plasma concentrations of ALD and PRA before and after three months’ CPAP treatment indicated that there was a significant difference in ALD[(195.5 ± 15.1)ng/L vs (148.3 ± 19.4)ng/L,P < 0.01] but not significantly different in PRA[(0.20 ± 0.12)μg/L·h vs(0.27 ± 0.14)μg/L·h,P = 0.221]. Conclusion:CPAP treatment could significantly improve RH and plasma ALD concentration. Plasma ALD concentration elevating was possibly involved in pathogenesis of RH in OSAS patients.

Abstract:Objective:To study of the serum sFas and sICAM-1 correlate with the disease activity and the value of therapeutic prediction in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). Methods:Serum sFas and sICAM-1 levels in patients with SLE and healthy controls were detected by using a commercially available ELISA system, and the correlation of the levels of sFas and sICAM-1 in SLE patients were analyzed with SLEDAI scores and other immune markers(ANA,ds-DNA etc). The judgment of disease activity with the levels of sFas and sICAM-1 was also studied. Results:The average levels of sFas and sICAM-1 in SLE patients were respectively 4.18 -滋g/L and 464.5 -滋g/L,higher than that in the healthy controls. The sFas and sICAM-1 in the healthy controls were 2.27 -滋g/L and 190.4 -滋g/L. Serum levels of sFas and sICAM-1 were significantly higher in active SLE patients than in inactive patients(P < 0.001). Serum levels of sFas and sICAM-1 were significantly higher in patients with higher concentration of ANA,positive ds-DNA antibody and damaged of renal function than that with lower concentration of ANA,negative ds-DNA antibody and normal of renal function. The serological levels of sFas and sICAM-1 were shown to have a positive correlation with SLEDAI scores(r = 0.688 and r = 0.728). The average levels ± SD of sFas and sICAM-1 in inactive SLE patients were used as the critical value. The quatitative detection of serum sFas( > 4.45 -滋g/L) and sICAM-1(438.6 -滋g/L) had higher sensitivity and specificity to the value of therapeutic prediction. Conclusion:The results suggested that sFas and sICAM-1 should play certain roles in the pathogenesis of SLE,and might be correlated with the disease activity. The quatitative detection of serum sFas and sICAM-1 should be the helpful for therapeutic prediction in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract:Objective:To determinate the of transmembrane protein endothelial factor(TPEF) and the 12th codon mutation of K-ras gene in plasma DNA Simultaneously,and to evaluate its feasibility in noninvasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Methods:DNA was isolated from plasma,the hypermethylation of TPEF was detected by methylation-specific PCR,the mutation of K-ras gene by mutation enriched PCR-RFLP method respectively. Results:Hypermethylation of TPEF was confirmed in 27 cases,and 12th mutation of K-ras gene was confirmed in 15 cases respectively in 42 colorectal cancer cases. Combined two molecular markers,the accord with the diagnostic rate of colorectal cancer was 76.2%. Conclusion:Simultaneous determination TPEF hypermethylation and K-ras gene mutation was an effective noninvasive method in screening and dignosis of colorectal cancer in the near future.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the characteristic of the expression of survivin gene in cervical cancer and study the clinical singnificance of survivin gene. Methods:Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical SP method were used to determine the expression of survivin gene in 64 cervical cancer tissues, 17 CIN cervical tissues and 14 normal cervical tissues. The relationship between the expression and clinical pathology was analyzed. Results:The expression of survivin mRNA level had significant difference between normal cervical tissues and cervical cancer, and the expression of survivin had correlation with histological grades(P < 0.05). The positive rate of survivin gene in cervical cancer was singnificantly higher than that in CIN and normal cervical tissues(P < 0.05). The expression of survivin in cervical cancer was associated with clinical stage and tumor grade. Conclusion:The increasing positive expression of survivin gene might be closely related to the oneset of cervical cancer and could be a new diagnostic target in cervical cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on prevention of acute rejection model of F344-Lewis rat pancreas transplantation. Methods:Pancreatic allograft from F344 rats was transplanted to Lewis recipients. Group A(untreated allogeneic control),Group B(rapamycin treatment),Group C(1,25(OH)2D3 treatment),15 rats were in each.;The blood glucose in the recipients,the pathological changes of the allografts and the survival of pancreatic allografts were observed. And the recipients’ peripheral blood,spleens and grafts were harvested from recipient to determine the CD3+ CD8+ T cells,CD4+ T cells and CD4+CD25+ T by flow cytometry. After transplantation,the level of serum interferon-2,4,10,12 in the recipients was determined by ELISA kit analysis also. Dendritic Cells (DC) of Lewis were derived from bone marrow cells in the culture with 1,25(OH)2D3. The expression of CD80,CD86 and MHCⅡmolecules was assessed by flow cytometry. Results:1,25(OH)2D3 significantly inhibited acute rejection,protected allografted function[blood glucose(5.12 ± 0.89) VS (12.41 ± 1.16)],and prolonged recipient survival. The population of CD8+T cell and CD4+T cell decreased in group B and C,though more CD4+CD25+ T cells were detected in group C. The differences in group C were apparent compared to A and B(P < 0.01). Concentration of Th1-type cytokine in serum decreased markedly,and Th2-type cytokine increased significantly. The mature of DCs was inhibited by 1,25(OH)2D3,and CD80,CD86,MHCⅡmolecules expression on the DC was significantly decreased in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. Conclusion:1,25(OH)2D3 could not only induce tolerogenic DCs but also might be enhance the number of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. In such a way,the acute rejection might be inhibited, and the recipients survival might be prolonged.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effects of astaxanthin on osteoporosis of ovariectomized rat models. Methods:Seventy-two 15 weeks old SD rats were divided into six groups,included control group and five ovariectomized models. After model groups were fed by different dosage(20-15-10 mg/kg) astaxanthin for 12 weeks,related indexes were analyzed,including their length bone mineral density(BMD),bone mineral,serum estradiol,serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and uterus index. Results:Compared with model group,different dosage groups and nilestriol group could increase BMD,bone mineral,serum estradiol and uterus index,but decreased serum ALP(P < 0.05). Conclusion:As a female sex hormone-like component,astaxanthin may ameliorate the bone quality and inhibit osteoporosis of ovariectomized rat models.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the distribution of snoring and related factors of students in college. Methods:Three hundred and twenty eight students were investigated through questionnaires and physical examination by a method of cluster sampling. Also related factors were analyzed. Results:Three hundred and twenty eight questionnaires(response rate 100%) were received. The prevalence of snoring was 36.6%,the students who often snoring was 8.2%. There was higher rate in male than female students(P < 0.05). The risk factors were analyzed. Obesity,the excess length of uvula and the surrounding of neck were showed statistical significance(P < 0.05). Sweeping on one’s back could increase the risk of snoring. But there was not significant difference among education degree,parents history,smoking,drinking,eating,sports and psychology. Conclusion:The prevalence of snoring among college students is 36.6%,and it shows that snoring is also a problem of college students. How to prevent it should be paid more attention to.