Abstract:It is generally accepted that adult bone marrow(BM) contains both hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recently, a rare population of stem cells different from HSCs and MSCs were identified in murine BM and human cord blood (CB), named as very small embryonic like(VSEL) stem cells. These cells are tiny round and CXCR4+ Sca-1+ Lin- CD45-, expressing SSEA-1/4, Oct-4 and Nanog, which have potent of differentiation into all three germ-layer lineages, such as cardiomyocytes, neural and pancreatic cells.

Abstract:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy. Early lesions respond well to hepatic resection or liver transplantation. However, only a few of HCC patients are suitable for surgical intervention. External beam radiation and chemotherapy is poorly efficacious. In the last 20 years, HCCs belonging to the radiosensitive tumor group has been confirmed. Along with the development of new radiotherapy technology and facilities, the research about brachytherapy(especially 125I seed implantation therapy) has provoked more interests in the world. Radioactive seed implantation therapy is a form of interstitial brachytherapy, with the property of local “conformal radiotherapy” and the advantages of minimal invasion, convenience, high performance, and minimal adverse effects. It is a promising therapy for HCC, however the dosimetry hasn′t yet been identified and lacks verification in prospective research. This report aims to further explore the best prescription dose and radioactivity for 125I interstitial implantation brachytherapy for HCC.

Abstract:Objective: Beside patient’s history and skin prick testing(SPT) the detection of specific IgE(sIgE) represents an important tool of allergy diagnostics. In recent years different technologies for the detection of sIgE have been developed. The objective of this study is the comparison of the ALLERG-O-LIQ with the ImmunoCAPR System using seven inhalant and four food allergens. Methods: Sera from patients were collected and tested for sIgE to inhalant(d1, d2, d5, i6, e1, e5 and m3) and food allergens(f1, f2, f24, f24) by ALLERG-O-LIQ(Dr. Fooke Laboratorien GmbH) and by ImmunoCAPR System(Phadia). Further, samples were also tested for total IgE in both systems. Results: Prevalence of positive test results varied between 0/20(f24) and 11/20(e5) for ALLERG-O-LIQ and between 3/18(f23) and 11/20(d1/d5) for ImmunoCAPR. The qualitative agreement between both methods was found between 75%(f24) and 100%(d2) depending on the allergen. Overall qualitative agreement for inhalant(n = 140), food(n = 78) and all allergens(n = 218) tested was 92.1%(kappa = 0.84), 83.3%(kappa = 0.58), 89.0%(kappa = 0.77), respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), negative predictive value(NPV) and diagnostic efficiency(DE) were found at 88.2%, 95.8%, 95.2%, 89.6%, 92.1%(inhalant allergens), 62.5%, 92.6%, 78.9%, 84.7%, 83.3%(food allergens) and 81.5%, 94.4%, 91.5%, 87.5%, 89.0%(all allergens). Conclusion: Good to excellent qualitative agreement between ALLERG-O-LIQ and ImmunoCAPR for the detection of specific and total IgE could be observed. The degree of agreement depended on the allergen and was higher in the group of inhalant allergens. The ALLERG-O-LIQ System represents a reliable test for the detection of specific and total IgE.

Abstract:Objective: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene and is involved in the etiology of ovarian cancer. Studies investigating the associations between the p53 codon 72 polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk showed conflicting results. We performed this meta-analysis from eligible studies to evaluate this purported relationship. Methods: This meta-analysis was performed from 9 case-control studies, including 825 ovarian cases and 1073 controls. The fixed and random effect models were used to estimate the odds ratios(ORs) for various contrasts of this polymorphism. Results: The combined results based on all studies showed that a significantly decreased risk was associated with the variant Pro/Pro genotype, compared with Arg/Pro+Arg/Arg genotypes(OR, 0.70; 95%CI, 0.51~0.95). When stratifying the studies by ethnicity, we found that individuals with the variant genotype Pro/Pro had a significantly decreased risk of ovarian cancer compared with Arg/Arg genotype(OR, 0.43; 95%CI, 0.20~0.89) and Arg/Pro+Arg/Arg genotypes(OR, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.37~0.99) among Africans. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism may contribute to genetic susceptibility to ovarian cancer. More studies based on larger sample size should be performed to confirm the findings.

Abstract:Objective: To identify potential serum markers of hepatic carcinoma in rats through Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption Ioniza-tion-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS) Technology. Methods: A rat model of hepatic carcinoma was established. The serum samples of hepatic carcinoma and normal rats were analyzed via SELDI-TOF-MS Technology. The changes of the serum protein fingerprint patterns were observed between the experimental group of hepatic carcinoma and the controls. The analysis was conducted by statistical software-Biomarker Wizard. Results: Fifty-six protein peaks in the serums were found. Within m/z 0-20 000, the protein peaks of m/z 1158, 8 835 and 15 302 of hepatic carcinoma serums were obviously higher in the rat models compared with those in the controls(P < 0.01). Conclusion: Three peaks were considered as potential biomarkers according to the serum protein fingerprint patterns of the hepatic carcinoma group and the control group.

Abstract:Objective: To study effects of behavior training on learning, memory and the expression of NR2B, GluR1 in hippocampus of rat’s offspring with fetal growth restriction(FGR). Methods: The rat model of FGR was established by passive smoking method. The rats offspring were divided into the FGR group and the control group, then randomly divided into the trained and untrained group, respectively. Morris water maze test was proceeded on postnatal month(PM2/4) as a behavior training method, then the learning-memory of rats was detected through dark-avoidance and step-down tests. The expressions of NR2B and GluR1 subunits in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results: In the dark-avoidance and step-down tests, the performance record of rats with FGR was worse than that of control rats, and the behavior-trained rats was better than the untrained rats, when the FGR model and training factors were analyzed singly. The model factor and training factor had significant interaction(P < 0.05). The expressions of NR2B and GluR1 subunits in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas of rats with FGR reduced. In contrast, the expressions of GluR1 and NR2B subunits in CA1 area of behavior-trained rats increased, when the FGR model and training factors were analyzed singly. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the effect of behavior training on the expressions of NR2B and GluR1 subunits in CA1 area should be the mechanistic basis for the training-induced improvement in learning-memory abilities.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the sensitivity of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(Tracp5b) activity in monitoring bisphosphonate treatment results of bone metastasis in breast cancer(BC) patients. Methods:The serum activities of Tracp5b, CEA, CA153 were mea-sured in 58 BC patients, including 26 without bone metastasis, 32 with bone metastasis. The serum activities of Tracp5b, CEA, CA153 were also measured in 19 patients with bone metastasis after 3 months of bisphosphonate treatment. Eighteen healthy women with age from 34 to 70 served as control. Results:Serum Tracp5b was significantly elevated in patients with bone metastasis compared with that in all any other groups(P < 0.05). The sensitivity of Tracp5b was 78.13% and the specificity was 86.36%. The sensitivity of CA153 was 37.50% and the specificity was 77.27%. The sensitivity of CEA was 21.88% and the specificity was 84.09%. The serum activity of Tracp5b decreased significantly(P < 0.05) after 3 months of bisphosphonate treatment, while the levels of CA153 and CEA were unchanged. Conclusion:Serum Tracp5b activity is a useful diagnostic marker for bone metastasis in BC patients and can be used to evaluate the treatment results of bisphosphonate.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the protective effects of ecdysterone(EDS) on the allograft heart transplant model of rats. Methods: Fifty healthy Sprayue-Dawley(SD) rats were divided into donors and recipients randomly. Hearts were harvested and placed heterotopically into allogenic recipients. All animals were divided into three groups: sham-operation group(only opening and closing the abdomen, n=10), EDS group(injected intraperitoneally with 20 mg/(kg·day) of EDS, n = 10), and control group (injected intraperitoneally with normal saline, n = 10). The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were analyzed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and the levels of myocardial enzymes(GOT, LDH, CPK), SOD, ET-1, NO, MDA in serum were measured. Tissue samples underwent the detection of apoptotic cell death by in situ terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling for apoptotic index(AI) and also by immunohistochemistry method to study the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax. Results: Pathological examination and transmission electron microscope observation showed greater myocardium damage in the control group. EDS group showed a decrease in the amount of myocardial enzymes, MDA, ET-1 and an increase in the levels of SOD, NO, compared to the control group. The AI of EDS group became lower than that of control group, meanwhile the EDS group increased the expression of Bcl-2 and decreased the expression of Bax. Conclusion: EDS has protective effects on heteroptopic heart transplantation, which provides a new idea for myocardial protection in heart transplantation. However, the mechanism of its protective effect needs further research.

Abstract:Objective: To construct a recombinant lentivirus vector which carries SD rat transducer of regulated CREB activity-1(TORC1) gene and examine its ability to express the TORC1 gene in vitro. Methods: The coding sequence of SD rat TORC1 gene was amplified using PCR and cloned into pGC-FU vector. 293T cells were transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 and packaged for the recombinant lentivirus particles. When the cloned sequence was identified to be right, the recombinant lentivirus particles were amplified in a large quantity. The titer of virus was determined by real-time PCR and the level of TORC1 expression was examined by Western blot. Results: The recombinant lentivirus vector carrying TORC1 was constructed successfully and could express TORC1 at a high level in 293T cells in vitro, and the titer determined by real-time PCR was 2×108 TU/ml. Conclusion: The recombinant lentivirus vector could express TORC1 gene at a high level, and was very helpful in the study of exploring the effect of TORC1 on spinal cord injury.

Abstract:Objectives: To develop a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration that more exactly simulates the pathological changes of human intervertebral disc degeneration. Methods: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were utilized to establish three different disc injury models according to the following protocol; group A: anulus punctures were done with a 18-gauge needle at L2-L3 and L5-L6; Group B: intradiscal injection of interleukin-1 IL-1βwith a 23-gauge needle at L3-L4; and Group C: intradiscal injection of phosphate buffer saline(PBS) with a 23-gauge needle at L4-L5. The L1-L2 level was used as a control. Rabbits were killed after 24 weeks. The intervertebral disc height was measured by lateral plain radiographs. After the radiographic measurements were obtained, the interver-tebral discs were removed and analyzed for DNA, sulfated glycosaminoglycan(s-GAG) and water contents of nucleus pulposus. Results: The intervertebral disc height, s-GAG, and water contents in anulus needle punctures were significantly decreased in Group A, but the DNA content in the nucleus pulposus was significantly increased when compared to the control. The significant decrease of disc height and water contents were demonstrated, only the s-GAG and DNA contents did not show a significant difference in Group B when compared to the control. The significant decrease of disc height, s-GAG, water, and DNA contents did not show in Group C when compared to the control. Conclusion: The 18-gauge puncture models produced the most consistent disc degeneration in the rabbit lumbar spine.

Abstract:Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic coccus that has been implicated as the cause of a wide range of clinical disease syndromes in swine and other domestic animals. S. suis has also been implicated in disease in humans, especially among abattoir workers, swine and pork handlers. Here we report a case of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome(STSS) caused by S. suis in a 59-year-old man. Despite of intensive treatment, the patient died of shock with multiple organ failure 14 h after admission. One bacterial isolate obtained from blood culture was identified to the species level by biochemical tests and serological tests as S. suis serotype 2. Identification was confirmed by PCR amplification of genes encoding 16sRNA of S. suis and the capsule of S. suis serotype 2(cps 2J). Genes encoding virulence factors were also detected. An investigation to identify the source of S. suis revealed that several days before admission the affected man had been handling sick pigs or their meat. Transmission may occur through breaks in the skin of feet with tinea due to that no measures for personal protection was taken. This case should highten awareness of the potential for occupational exposure and human infection with S. suis.

Abstract:Tracheobronchial amyloidosis(TBA) is a rare disorder which refers to localized aberrant protein deposits within the airways. Because of the lack of characteristic presentation, long lasting and insidious course, patients with TBA are often misdiagnosed as other pulmonary diseases. At present bronchoscopic biopsy was the gold standard for the diagnosis of TBA. We present a case of TBA which was misdiagnosed as asthma due to asthma-like wheezing and the effectiveness of anti-asthmatic treatment. The definite diagnosis was confirmed by CT scan, bronchoscopic findings and Congo red staining of biopsy specimen. The literature involving the recent progres-sion of diagnosis and treatment of TBA that is reviewed.

Abstract:This was a rare case, in which clinical manifestation was a thymus area tumor accompanied by proteinuria, kidney dysfunction and kidney enlargement. Tumor biopsy and bone marrow examination failed to clarify its diagnosis. Renal biopsy revealed diffuse infiltra-tion by atypical lymphoid cells in renal interstitium. Immunoperoxidase studies demonstrated this case was non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma(NHL) of the B cell type through the renal biopsy.

Abstract:Benign symmetric lipomatosis(BSL) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of multiple, symmetric and nonencapsulated fat masses in the face, neck and other areas. It is commonly seen in middle-aged Caucasian Mediterranean males, while its etiology is still not clear. The majority of the patients with BSL have a history of alcohol abuse and hepatopathy. BSL of the limbs is very rare. This article reports a unique case of a 60-year-old Chinese woman with involvement of the knees confirmed by the results of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and histopathology, which was not described previously in published literatures.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the subtype of the EP3 and the related cell signal transduction pathway in human hepatocelluar carcinoma inorder to explore the molecular mechanism. Methods:The Huh7 cells were treated with different concertrations of Sulprostone for different times. The expression and splicesome type of EP3 was determined by RT-PCR. The cell viability was detected by WST-8. The level of intracellular cAMP concentration was measured by immunoassay Kit. and Western blott was employed to detect the expression of p-Akt and p-Erk. Results:The spliceosome of EP3 expressed in Huh7 is EP3(5). After the treatment of 10.0 μmol/L Sulprostone for 24 hours,the cells growth rate was increased 46.2%, and the level of cAMP in the cells was increased greatly. The remarkable increase of Akt phosphorylation and decrease of Erk phosphorylation could be observed by Western blott after the treatment of Sulprostone for 30 min. Conclusion:Our results suggested that the subtype of the EP3-EP3(5) mediated a great increasing of the intracellular concentration of cAMP in Huh7 cells,which is partly related to the Akt and Erk signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective:To isolate and clone the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein(VSV-GP) gene and produce the VSV-GP pseudotyped Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1(HIV-1),investigating its ability to infect the BCBL-1 cells. Methods:A pair of PCR primers for VSV-GP gene with HindⅢ and BamHⅠ restriction enzyme sites was designed according to the sequence in GenBank. Then the VSV-GP gene was amplified from the plasmid pHCMV-G using PCR. Subsequently,amplified gene fragments were digested and cloned into pcDNA3.1(+) vector to create recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pVSV-GP. BCBL-1 cells were infected by VSV-GP pseudotyped HIV-1,which was harvested from HEK 293T cells cotransfected by pVSV-GP and pNL4-3.Luc.R-E-.Then BCBL-1 cells were lysed to calculate the relative luciferase unit(RLU), and the concentration of HIV-1 p24 antigen in the supernatant was determined by using a HIV-1 p24 antigen ELISA kit. Meanwhile,HEK 293T cells were lysed to detect the expression of HIV-1 p24 antigen by Western blott. Results:The isolated and cloned pVSV-GP sequence was 1 536 bp and was confirmed by sequencing. HIV-1 p24 antigen could be detected in the supernatant of VSV-GP pseudotyped HIV-1 infected BCBL-1 cells. The RLU of BCBL-1 cells infected by VSV-GP pseudotyped HIV-1 increased significantly compared with the negative control(P < 0.05), and the band of HIV-1 p24 antigen was detected by Western blott. Conclusion:VSV-GP pseudotyped HIV-1 was successfully produced and had the ability of infecting BCBL-1 cells.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the anticancer activities of Resveratrol on mice fibrosarcoma S180 cells and their molecular mechanisms involved. Methods:The effects of Resveratrol on the growth of mice fibrosarcoma cell lines S180 were studied by MTT assay. The effect of Resveratrol on the cell cycle phase distribution of S180 cells were analyzed using flow cytometry by a propidium iodide method. The effect of Resveratrol on the expression of cyclinD1 and P21Cip1 protein was studied by Western blot analysis. Results:Resveratrol had a dual effect on the growth of S180 cells:It increased the growth of S180 cells at low concentrations,and it inhibited the proliferation of S180 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner at high concentrations. Flow cytometric analyses showed that S180 cells treated with Resveratrol were accumulated in G0/G1 phase in the cell cycle,the ratio of cells in G2/M phase was decreased at 24 h treatment. The expression of cyclinD1 protein was decreased in a time-dependent manner in S180 cells treated with Resveratrol,while P21Cip1 protein was increased. Conclusion:Resveratrol has a dual effect on the growth of S180 cell. Resveratrol is able to inhibit the proliferation of S180 cells by arresting the cell cycle at high concentrations. Regulating the levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins might be involved in the Resveratrol-induced cell cycle arrest.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the correlation between the expression of somatostatin receptor(SSTR) in tumor tissue and the 99mTc-acetate-octreotide scintigraphy of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods:Nude mice bearing human NSCLC model were established. 99mTc-acetate-octreotide imaging was performed in NSCLC model, and the ratio of tumor to normal tissue(T/NT) was calculated over ROI to observe the radioactive uptake. The biodistribution was studied. The mRNA expression of SSTR in tumor tissue was detected by RT-PCR to evaluate the correlation between the expression of SSTR in tumor tissue and the 99mTc-acetate-octreotide scintigraphy of NSCLC. Results:Static planar image showed that the tumor had focal uptake of 99mTc-acetate-octreotide. Four hours after 99mTc-acetate-octreotide administration,the T/NT ratio was 2.38 ± 0.09. The biodistribution showed high uptake of the tracer in tumor;high expression of SSTR3 and SSTR5 in NSCLC,especially SSTR5. Positive correlation were obtained between the T/NT ratio and the expression of SSTR5 mRNA(r = 0.93,P < 0.01). Conclusion:SSTR3 and SSTR5 are highly expressed in NSCLC cell line, especially SSTR5. There is a significant correlation between the tumor uptake of 99mTc-acetate-octreotide and SSTR5 mRNA expression. This approach may provide a basis for SSTR targeted diagnosis and therapy of human NSCLC.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the relationship among vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGF-C),platelet-derived growth factor BB(PDGF-BB),lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods:Forty cases of NSCLC with complete follow-up information and ten cases of lung benign diseases were included. Tumor samples were immunostained for vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C),platelet-derived growth factor BB(PDGF-BB) and the lymphatic endothelial markers Podoplanin. Lymphatic vessel density(LVD) was evaluated within NSCLC. Results:Both of the positive rate of VEGF-C and PDGF-BB in the human NSCLC group were significantly higher than that in the lung benign diseases group(VEGF-C:62.5% vs 10%,P < 0.05;PDGF-BB:60% vs 10%,P < 0.05). In NSCLC the positive rate of VEGF-C in the positive lymph node group was significantly higher than that in the negative lymph node group(94.1% vs 39.1%,P < 0.05). However,no significant correlation was found between the expression of PDGF-BB and lymph node status(76.5% vs 47.8%,P > 0.05). In NSCLC the LVD in the positive lymph node group was significantly higher than that in the negative lymph node group(16.58 ± 2.38 vs 9.88 ± 1.93,P < 0.05). LVDs in the positive VEGF-C and PDGF-BB group were significantly higher as compared with the negative expression group(VEGF-C:14.74 ± 3.62 vs 9.37 ± 1.35,P < 0.05;PDGF-BB:13.84 ± 4.23 vs 11.06 ± 2.90,P < 0.05). Furthermore,there was significant correlation between VEGF-C and PDGF-BB in human NSCLC(rs = 0.422,P < 0.05). Conclusion:Lymphangiogenesis is a significant factor for tumor lymphatic metastasis. PDGF-BB may not be necessary for lymphatic metastasis in human NSCLC despite mediating lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-C may accelerate lymphatic metastasis in human NSCLC by inducing lymphangiogenesis,and it may be more valuable than PDGF-BB for forecasting the status of lymphatic metastasis in human NSCLC. There might be similar mechanism between VEGF-C and PDGF-BB on mediating lymphangiogenesis.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effect of Pinacidil on mRNA expression of ATP-sensitive K+(KATP) channels of primary cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Methods:Intrapulmonary arteries(3rd~4th division) were opened longitudinally. After removing the adventitia and epithelium by a blade,they were cut into pieces of 1~3 mm2. The tissue and smooth muscle cells were cultured with DMEM. Cells were incubated with test substances for 24 h by deviding into following groups:Control,ET-1 10 nmol/L,ET-1+Pinacidil 10 μmol/L,ET-1+Pinacidil 10 μmol/L+Glyburide 10 μmol/L. Total RNA was extracted by Trizol and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Real-time PCR was explored to measure the level of mRNA expression of KATP channels. Results:ET-1 suppressed expression of SUR2B mRNA of KATP channels for 0.09 ± 0.01-fold(P < 0.05,n = 3),compared with control group. Expressions of SUR2B mRNA in the group of ET-1+Pinacidil 10 μmol/L were 0.97 ± 0.03-fold(P > 0.05,n = 3) compared with control group. ET-1+Pinacidil 10 μmol/L+Glyburide 10 μmol/L were 0.07 ± 0.02-fold(P < 0.05,n = 3),compared with control group. There were no significant differences in the expression of Kir6.1 mRNA among all groups. Conclusion:Pinacidil increased the expression KATP channel SUR2B mRNA of primary cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This might be the mechanism in regulating mRNA expression of KATP channels in pulmonary arteries.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate mRNA expression of aquaporin-1(AQP1) in human non-small cell lung cancer and its clinic significance. Methods:The mRNA expression of aquaporin-1(AQP1) was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in 17 cases of squamous cell carcinomas,18 cases of adenocarcinomas and normal lung tissue. Results:The mRNA expression level of AQP1 in adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than that of normal lung tissue,but not in squamous cell carcinomas. Conclusion:Over-expression of AQP1 may play an important role in development of human pulmonary adenocarcinomas. The result may suggest a potential role of AQP1 as a novel therapeutic target for the management of lung cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of matrine and IFN-γin Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis of rats. Methods:Male SD rats(n = 60) were randomly divided into four groups:(A)normal group,(B)Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model group,(C)Matrine group,(D)IFN-γ group.On days 7,14 and 28 after bleomycin treatment,5 rats in each group were killed, and the lung were harvested for histopathological studies,immunohistochemical determination of TGF-β1,CTGF,collagenⅠ and collagenⅢ. Results:The degree of alveolitis and fibrosis,the level of TGF-β1,CTGF,collagenⅠ and collagenⅢ decreased significantly in the groups C and groups D, as compared with groups B(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The treatment of Matrine or IFN-γ has some protective effects on pulmonary fibrosis in rats,partly through affecting TGF-β1 and CTGF expression.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of nebulized Ketamine inhalation and i.p. injection on oxidative stress in the lungs of asthmatic rats. Methods:Fifty-one Brown Norway rats(were randomly assigned to seven groups,which were control group(C) with 7 rats,asthma group(A) with 8 rats,Ketamine inhaled groups(K1,K2,K3) each with 8 rats,and Ketamine i.p. injected groups(V1-V2) each with 6 rats. In group A,K1,K2,K3,V1,V2,asthma was induced by two steps:The rats were received subcutaneous injection of ovalbumia and aluminum hydroxide in PBS,and then inhaled nebulized 1% OVA in PBS. In group K1,K2 and K3,the sensitized rats were exposed to 12.5 mg/ml(K1 group),25.0 mg/ml(K2 group),50.0 mg/ml(K3 group)of nebulized Ketamine before inhaling nebulized OVA. In groupV1 and V2,the sensitized rats were i.p. injected with 50 μg/kg ketamine(V1) and 100 μg/kg(V2) before inhaling nebulized OVA. Lung samples were taken and made into tissue bomogenate,and the protein were extracted. ROS were measured with kit,and p38 was detected by Western-blot. Results:The ability of anti OH· and O2·- of group A was lower than group K1-K2 and V1(P < 0.01)and K3-V2(P < 0.05). The activity of SOD of group A was lower than group K1-K2 and V1(P < 0.01) and K3-V2(P < 0.05). Compared with group C,the ability of anti-oxidative stress of group A was significantly decreased(P < 0.01). Compared with group C,the activation of p38 of group A was significantly increased(P < 0.01),also the activation of p38 in group A was higher than group K1-K2 and V1(P < 0.01) and K3-V2(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Inhalation of nebulized Ketamine and i.p. injected with Ketamine can restrain the oxidative stress reaction and the activation of p38 in lung in asthmatic rats. 12.5 mg/ml nebulized ketamine and 50.0 μg/kg i.p. injected with Ketamine appears to be enough for satisfactory clinical results.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the changes of FHL1(Four and a half LIM domains protein 1) gene mRNA and protein expression during the differentiation of P19 cells to cardiac myocytes,and to explore the relationship between FHL1 gene and the differentiation stage of cardiacmyocytes. Methods:P19 cells were cultured with DMSO in suspension for 4 days to form cell aggregation. Then the aggregates were cultured on gelatin-coated culture dishes without DMSO up to 14 days. The beating of cells was observed. Western Blot of Cardiac Troponin I(cTnI) were used to identify cells differentiating into cardiac cells. Total RNA and protein were extracted from P19 cells during the process of differentiation at various time points. The levels of FHL1 mRNA and protein were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively. Results:After induced by DMSO for 4 days in suspension,spontaneous and rhythmically beating cells were seen at 8 day,which were cTnI-positive. When P19 cells were induced to differentiate into cardiac myocytes,both the expression level of FHL1 gene mRNA and protein were up-regulated gradually during 0~8 days of differentiation. The FHL1 gene mRNA and protein expression were obviously up-regulated. There were significant differences among the different days(P < 0.05). From 8 th~14 th day,both the mRNA and protein expression of FHL1 gene were kept in higher level,and there was no significant differences among different days(P > 0.05). Conclusion:Both the expression of FHL1 gene and protein were up-regulated in the process of the differentiation of P19 cells into cardiacmyocytes,which might be involved in the differentiation of cardiac rnyocytes.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the change of CSX/Nkx2.5 gene mRNA expression and its protein location in the developing rat hearts. Methods:Embryonic hearts of normal rats were obtained on the 12th,15th,17th and 19th day during embryonic period. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to reveal CSX/Nkx2.5 gene mRNA expression,and Immunohistochemistry for its protein location. The results were analyzed by the statistical method of One-way ANOVA. Results:With the development of rat hearts,the expression levels of CSX/Nkx2.5 gene mRNA were up-regulated. CSX/Nkx2.5 protein was mainly expressed in the atria ,ventricles and trabecular muscles,while it was not detected in the endocardium, epicardium, valvular tissues, outflow tracks and large arteries. Conclusion:CSX/Nkx2.5 gene is up-regulated in the rat heart and specifically expressed in the nucleus of cardiac muscle cell. It suggests that CSX/Nkx2.5 should play an important role in the fetal heart development.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the changes of myocardial cell apoptosis in order to explore the association between the atrial reverse remodeling and the myocardial cell apoptosis after chronic atrial fibrillation(AF) conversion to sinus rhythm. Methods:Eighteen goats were randomly divided into three groups(each n = 6):(A)sinus rhythm(SR),(B)Chronic AF,(C)sinus rhythm after AF. Three groups of goats were all underwent open chest surgery to implant the pacemaker electrodes into the left appendages. Group B and C were given continuous and rapid pacing(400 ± 10 bpm) in order to build chronic AF model. Group A was killed after three months without pacing. Group B was killed at the same time. Group C was stopped pacing and converted into sinus rhythm by propafenone and/or direct current. After three months’ sinus rhythm,group C was killed. The atrial tissue was obstained from the left atrium,and was stained by EdUTP-in situ end-labeling and observed by flow cytometry. Results:The apoptotic ratio of the left atrial myocytes in the goats with chronic AF was significantly higher than that in the goats with sinus rhythm(P < 0.05). It was still higher in the goats with 3 months’ SR post-AF than that in the goats with sinus rhythm,but lower than those with chronic AF(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The changes of myocardial cell apoptosis before and after AF conversion suggests that myocardial cell apoptosis is associated with the atrial remodeling and the reverse remodeling.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the mechanisms of the cytoprotection of Heat shock protein27(Hsp27) from H2O2-induced damage in rat cardiac cells. Methods:①Rat cardiac cell line H9c2 with stable overexpression of Hsp27(H9c2-Hsp27) was used in the experiment,empty vector transfected H9c2(H9c2-Vector) served as control;②Oxidative stress induction and analysis:Cells were treated with 500 -滋mol/L H2O2 and underwent the following examination:LDH activity in culture medium,cell morphology and intracellular Akt activation;③Role of Akt in the protection of Hsp27 from oxidative damage in H9c2:Triciribine,a selective inhibitor of AKT phosphorylation,was introduced in the culture. After pre-treated with Triciribine,H9c2-Hsp27 cells were incubated with 500 -滋mol/L,then the morphology was observed. Results:①H2O2 induced LDH releasing significantly increased in the culture medium both in H9c2-Vector and H9c2-Hsp27(P < 0.01). However,compared with H9c2-Vector controls,H2O2 induced LDH release was significantly attenuated in H9c2-Hsp27(P < 0.01);②H2O2-induced Akt phosphorilation was augmented by Hsp27 overexpression in H9c2-Hsp27,in comparison with H9c2-Vector(P < 0.05);③After Akt phosphorylation was inhibited,the protection of Hsp27 from H2O2 in cell morphology was disappear. Conclusion:Akt activation is involved in the cytoprotection of Hsp27 from oxidative damage in rat cardiac cells.

Abstract:Objective:To observe protective action of Atenolol on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) induced cardiomyocytes over-oxidation injury and investigate the mechanism. Methods:A model of cardiomyocytes injuried by H2O2 was established,and the protective effects of Atenolol on the injury was investigated. The morphology of cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes surviving fraction were measured. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were also assayed. Results:Atenolol dose enhance cardiomyocytes surviving fraction(P < 0.05),and decrease the activities of LDH and MDA in the injuried myocytes(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Atenolol has the protective effects on cardiomyocytes injured by H2O2 through improving cell antioxidant ablility.

Abstract:Objective:To determine the effects of Valsartan on apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1(ASK1)-dependent signal pathway mediated myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat heart. Methods:The myocardial infarction model was established by ligating the descending left coronary. 24 Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into three groups,myocardial infarction group,Valsartan administration group,sham-operated group. Six weeks later,Picrosirius red staining measured collagen volume fraction (CVF),ASK1 protein expression was measured by western blot,meanwhile,we measure hemodynamics and left ventricular mass index(LVMI) of rats. Results:The LVMI-CVF and ASK1 protein content all significantly decreased in Valsartan group,as compared with myocardial infarction group(P < 0.05). Conclusion:ASK1 is involved in myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction,AngⅡcan improve myocardial Collagen remodeling by intervention ASK1-dependent signal pathway.

Abstract:Objective:To estimate whether A670G polymorphism at position-670 in the gene coding for Fas(gene symbol TNFRSF6) is associated with pre-eclampsia. Methods:By means of polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism,A670G polymorphism at position -670 in the Fas(TNFRSF6) gene was detected in 140 women with pre-eclampsia(75 with mild pre-eclampsia and 65 with severe pre-eclampsia) and 170 normal control women with uncomplicated pregnancy. Investigators were blinded to clinical outcomes. Results:G Allele frequency in pre-eclampsia group were significantly higher than those in control group(56.4% vs 36.2%)(P < 0.001). G Allele frequency in severe pre-eclampsia group were significantly higher than those in mild pre-eclampsia group(64.6% vs 49.3%)(P = 0.010). Conclusion:The G Allele of Fas(TNFRSF6) gene might be a risk genetic marker of pre-eclampsia. In patients with pre-eclampsia,there is the association between G Allele of Fas(TNFRSF6) gene and severity of pre-eclampsia.

Abstract:Objective:To study the relationship between functional genetic variants of IL-1B(T-31C,C-511T) and IL-1RN genes and the susceptibility of cervical cancer. Methods:The case-control study was conducted in Jiangsu female population,including 273 cervical cancer cases and 402 cancer-free controls frequency-matched by age and residential areas. Genotypes were determined by PCR-the restriction length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) assays. Results:The differences of IL-1B T-31C and C-511T genotype frequencies between cases and controls were not statistically significant. After adjusted age and residences,the Logistic regression analysis revealed that the increased risk of cervical cancer was associated with IL-1B -511TT and -511CT variant genotypes(OR=1.93,95% CI=1.00-3.72 for CT genotypes;OR=2.15,95%CI=1.02-4.53 for TT genotypes),compared with the -511CC genotype. Stratified analysis indicated that IL-1B T-31C variant genotypes were statistically associated with cervical cancer risk in the subjects with more than 49 years old(OR=1.72,95%CI=1.01-2.93),pregnancy frequency ≥2(OR=1.83,95%CI=1.07-3.11) and living in countryside(OR=1.63,95%CI=1.04-2.54). No significant association was observed between polymorphisms of IL-1RN gene and cervical cancer risk. Conclusion:These findings supported the hypothesis that the functional genetic variants of IL-1B C-511T might contribute to the cervical carcinogenesis in Jiangsu population.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the effects of TNF-α and sTNFRⅠ on cultured eutopic endometrial stroma cells from endometriosis patients and find new biological therapy to endometriosis. Methods:Stroma cells from eutopic endometrium were cultured in vitro. TNF-α(0,0.1,1,10,and 100 ng/ml) was added to the medium in dose-responds experiment. TNF-alpha(1 ng/ml) was added for 0,4,8,12,24,48 and 72 hours in time-course experiment. TNF-α(0.1,1 and 10 ng/ml) and sTNFRⅠ(2 μg/ml) were added for 12 hours. Then the supernatant were collected to evaluate the productions of IL-6 and MMP-3. Results:The productions of IL-6 and MMP-3 in the supernatant of stroma cells from endometriosis were promoted by TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The productions of IL-6 and MMP-3 in the supernatant of stroma cells from endometriosis were promoted by TNF-alpha were decreased by sTNFRⅠ. Conclusion:TNF-α may promote the attachment and invade of stroma cells from women with endometriosis though inducing the expression of IL-6 and MMP-3 and play a central role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. sTNFRⅠ may be the potential target for biological therapy to endometriosis.

Abstract:Objective:To study the gene expression pattern of neurotrophins and their receptors during neuronal differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) in vitro and explore the mechanism of differentiation from bone marrow stromal cells into neurons. Methods:BMSCs were separated from rat bone marrow using percoll(1.073 g/L) reagent and cultured in vitro. The induction of BMSCs differentiating into neurons was used by dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) and butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA), and the morphological changes were observed and recorded under inverted microscope. The immunofluorescence method was used to identify the differentiated BMSCs which would express neuronal marker. The expression levels of neurotrophines NGF,BDNF ,NT-3 and their high or low-affinity(TrkA,TrkB,TrkC,p75NTR) receptors before and at 2,6,12,24 and 48 h after differentiation of BMSCs were investigated by RT-PCR. Results:①Two hours after the induction,the differentiated BMSCs had morphological changes into ball-like shape with short prominence,like neurons. Immunofluorescence detection showed that the differentiated BMSCs expressed neuron marker neurofilament protein,but it was failed to detect the expression of astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein under this induction condition.②The NGF and BDNF mRNA could be detected in BMSCs during the whole stage,and the expression levels of NGF mRNA gradually decreased after induction. RT-PCR also revealed that both TrkA and TrkB expression were detected at 12 h following the onset of differentiation while not detected before differentia-tion. However no detectable expression of NT-3 and TrkC was observed in those cells either before or during differentiation. ③p75NTR appeared about 6 h after the induction of differentiation and persisted up to 12 h time point,but significantly declined and quickly diminished thereafter. Conclusion:BMSCs can be induced to differentiate into neurons in vitro. Significant changes of the expressions of neurotrophins(NT) NGF,BDNF,NT-3 and their high or low-affinity(TrkA,TrkB,TrkC,p75NTR) receptors were observed when BMSCs undergoing neuronal differentiation. The signaling pathway of NT and their receptors may take an important role in the differentiation of BMSCs into neurons.

Abstract:Objective:To study the neuroprotective effects and the mechanism of CoQ10 on Rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurons. Methods:Using Rotenone upon dopaminergic mesencephalic neurons in primary culture to set up cell model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in vitro. The dopaminergic neurons were identified by tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) immunocytochemistry. A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kit was used to measure the transudatory amount of LDH to reflect the cell viability. By measuring the intracellular Rhodamine 123 fluorescene density,mitochondrial potential(△Ψm) was evaluated. Results:Rotenone can dramatically reduce the cell viability and Ψm(P < 0.05). The rate of cell viability of dopaminergic neurons in group 15 nmol/L and 30 nmol/L rotenone were increased,and the percentage of △Ψm in group with 15 nmol/L and 30 nmol/L rotenone were increased(P < 0.05) as compared with group without rotenone treatment; while pretreatment with 50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L CoQ10 can significantly prevent 15 nmol/L Rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurons mitochondrial depolarization(P < 0.05). Conclusion:CoQ10 can effectively protect the rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurons.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate renal protection between schedules of single-cycle and multi-cycles ischemic precondition(IP) in rats. Methods:Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 groups after right kidney nephrectomy:Group 1 was for ischemia-reperfusion(I/R):the rats were treated with 45-minutes ischemia in left artery and then reperfused. Group 2 was for single-cycle ischemic precondition(SCP):the left artery of rat were blocked for 10 minutes,reperfused for 10 minutes,and then treated with 45 minutes ischemia prior to reperfusion. Group 3 was for multi-cycles ischemic precondition(MCP):the left artery of rats were blocked for 2 minutes,reperfused for 5 minutes,repeated for 3 cycles,and then treated with 45 minutes ischemia prior to reperfusion. Group 4 was sham-operated controls. Results:Serum creatinine(Scr)level in all groups increased markedly compared with sham group(P < 0. 01). Scr concentration,tubular ischemic injury index decreased significantly after IP in SCP and MCP groups compared with I/R group(P < 0.01). Furthermore,they were showed in a lower level in MCP group than that in SCP group(P < 0.01). Conclusion:Ischemic preconditioning can protect kidney from ischemia injury on histological and biochemical level. The renal ischemic preconditioning which induced by 2 minutes occlusion,5 minutes reperfusion and repeated for 3 cycles,followed by 45 minutes re-ischemia showed better protection than the single-cycle ischemic precondition.

Abstract:Objective:To examine the transporter 3(ZnT-3) mRNA expression in retina of rats responding to dietary zinc when the dietary zinc is low,and to investigate whether zinc deficient will lead to ZnT-3 expression change at a transcriptional level. Methods:thirty-six male SD rats(4 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups, the first group(n = 12) was fed for 2 weeks,the second group(n = 12)for 4 weeks and the third(n = 12) for 6 weeks. Then the each group randomly divided into two subgroups,one subgroup(blank control group) given with normal zinc content diet and the other(experimental group) given with low zinc content diet. The third experimental group rats were changed into the diet with normal zinc content from the 4th week to the 6th week. The expression of ZnT-3,carbonic anhydrase 2(CA2) and 14(CA14) were detected by RT-PCR respectively. Results:After the rats took low zinc content diet for 2 weeks,their retina CA2 and CA14 mRNA levels were decreased,and the ZnT-3 mRNA was increased compared with the control; After given the low zinc content diet for 4 weeks,all of the ZnT-3,CA2 and CA14 mRNA levels decreased significantly; Then after being changed back to the normal diet for 2 weeks,the third experimental group rats has ZnT-3,CA2 and CA14 mRNA levels recovery in retina. Conclusion:The result provided evidence that in a zinc deficient animal model,ZnT-3,CA2 and CA14 expression was responsive to zinc at a transcriptional level in retina. To maintain the normal zinc content,the ZnT-3 mRNA expression was regulated by the time and severity of zinc deficiency in rats.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of annexin A10(ANXA10) in human esophageal squamous cancer tissues,and to discuss its value in the development of human esophageal squamous cell cancer(SCC). Methods:The expression of annexin A10 in 40 matched-pairs of SCC tissues were detected by RT-PCR,Real-time PCR,Western blot methods. Results:The relative intensities of annexin A10 mRNA expression in SCC tissues and peri-carcinoma tissues were 77.06 ± 37.11,66.99 ± 17.62 respectively. The relative intensities of annexin A10 protein expression in SCC tissues and peri-carcinoma tissues were 1.73 ± 1.30,1.26 ± 1.18 respectively. There were remarkable differences between SCC and esophageal peri-carcinoma tissues. There were also remarkable differences between lymph node metastasis group and non-metastasis group; among well,moderately and poorly differentiated groups. Conclusion:The expression of annexin A10 in SCC is up-regulated and associated with cell differentiation and lymph-node metastasis. Detection of annexin A10 might be a valuable tumor marker and prognostic factor for SCC.

Abstract:Objective:To study the correlation between platelet activation status and ulcerative colitis(UC). Methods:P-selectin(CD62p) was determined with flow cytometry,and Platelet Count was tested by automatic blood cell counter including 54 UC patients in active stage,26 UC patients in remittent stage and 30 healthy controls. Results:The Platelet Count of the active UC group was (212.2 ± 97.6) × l09/L,significantly higher than those of the remittent UC group and the control group(168.7 ± 67.8) × l09/L and(166.8 ± 81.4) × l09/L,both P < 0.01). However,there was no significant difference between the remittent UC group and the control group(P > 0.05). The P-selectin(CD62p) of the active UC and the remittent UC groups were(13.3±3.4)% and (8.6±2.1)%. Both significantly higher than that of the control group [(3.9 ± 1.2)%; both P < 0.01] and there also was a significant difference between the active and remittent groups(P < 0.01). In the active UC group,the more severe the state of illness,the higher levels of the Platelet Count and the P-selectin. Conclusion:Increased platelet activation is involved in active ulcerative colitis. P-selectin(CD62p) and Platelet Count may be of great value in judging the activity state and the severity of UC.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the significance of detecting plasm sCD74 in differential diagnosis of lung cancer and benign pulmonary diseases. Methods:Plasm samples were collected after centrifugation of EDTA blood specimens from patients of lung cancer and benign pulmonary diseases. The plasm level of sCD74 was identified and quantified by ELISA. Results:The concentrations of sCD74 in patients with lung squamous carcinoma,adenocarcnoma and control subjects were(2.51 ± 1.36)ng/ml,(2.14 ± 1.16)ng/ml and(1.91 ± 0.78)ng/ml. The concentrations of sCD74 in patients with lung adenocarci-noma were higher than those in the other two groups,but only significantly higher than that in control subjects(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Detecting of plasma sCD74 may play a role in diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the relation between the dynamic change of N-terminal proBNP(Brain Natriuretic Peptide) and the complic myocardial injury in patients with multiple injury at the early stage,and assess the evaluation value of injury severity. Methods:Fifteen hospitalized patients with multiple injury were collected from Aug 2005 to Apr 2007. All patients were divided into two groups:serious injury group(≥15 point) and control group(<15 point) according to APACHEⅡ scores. Plasma NT-proBNP and cTnI were detected at the 1st,3rd,5th,7th day after admission. Results:There was a positive correlation between plasma NT-proBNP levels and APACHEⅡ scores at the 1st day in patients with multiple injury(r = 0. 601,P < 0.001). The difference of NT-proBNP and cTnI between the two groups was statistically significant in the 1st,3rd,5th,7th day, respectively. The levels of the two indexes in the serious injury group increased more striking than the control group(P < 0.01). The mean values of plasma NT-proBNP and cTnI both increased from the 1st day in two groups. In control group,the peaks of the mean values of plasma NT-proBNP and cTnI appeared at the 3rd day, then decented sequentially,and finally dropped back into the normal range at the 5th day. In serious injury group,the plasma level of NT-proBNP increased consistently until the 7th day,and the peak value appeared latter than the control group(at the 5th day). But the value did not drop back into the normal range at the 7th day. Conclusion:The dynamic change of NT-proBNP in patients with multiple injury may be related to myocardial injury,but serious injury patients may be influenced by many factors. NT-proBNP could be used in evaluation of injury severity at the early stage after trauma.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the key point of microsurgical treatment of ventral malformation of craniocervical junction and discuss the anatomic foundation of microsurgical methods. Methods:The anatomy structures were observed and measured in 15 cadveric heads. The clinical data of 16 consecutive patients with ventral malformation of craniocervical junction operated upon through transoral approach,from September 2003 to June 2007,were reviewed retrospectively. Results:The operative exposure in transoral approach ranged from lower clivus to the superior part of the C3 vertebral body. The distance from the vertebral artery to the midline:20.1 mm at the level of C12,16.2 mm at the level of C23. Among the 16 patients,there was good recovery in 11,improvement in 4,and no changes in 1. The complications included cerebral-spinal fluid leakage in 1 case and severe swell of the tongue in 1 case. There was no operative mortality in call cases. Conclusion:Transoral mirosurgical decompression is the first selection of treatment for ventral malformation of craniocervical junction,with short distance, alleviative operative trauma and few complications.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the presentation of typical symptoms of focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH) by means of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) and the lesion size. Methods:26 cases with pathologically proven FNH were examined by GE-LOGIQ9 and Technos MPX DU8 color Doppler ultrasound system with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography software and Sonovue Meanwhile,the engorged process and type,the enhanced extent of the hepaticparenchyma and lesion focus were recorded. Results:In lesions with diameter≥3 cm(n = 15), the spoke-wheel pattern of vessels enhancing early in arterial phase was seen in 14 cases(93.3%). The Central scar was observed in 13(86.6%) cases in late phase. Conclusion:The contrast-enhanced ultrasonography might be an important diagnostic method for FNH with diameter ≥3 cm, which has the typical spoke-wheel pattern and central scar symptoms in CEUS.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the risk factors of breast cancer among women in Jiangsu Province. Methods:A case-control study and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed to evaluate the association of menstrual and reproductive factors with breast cancer in 515 breast cancer cases and 515 controls. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out with SPSS13.0 software. Results:In the univariate logistic analysis,subjects with elder age at first live birth,menarche ≤15 years,having the history of abortion,and familial history of cancer are the statistically significant risk factors of breast cancer,whereas breast feeding,oral contraceptives are the protective factors. Multivariate logistic analysis also revealed that familial history of cancer and the history of abortion are the risk factors while the breast feeding is a protective factor. Conclusion:Menstrual and reproductive factors and familial history of cancer among women in Jiangsu province are associated with the breast cancer.