Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of glycine on the ATP depletion-induced autophagy and mechanism underlying it. Methods:GFP-LC3 plasmid was transiently transfected into Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells with lipofectamine. Autophagosome in cells was observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope. Expression of GFP-LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and the phosphorylation activity of AMPK in the transfected cells were analyzed by western blot. Results:We found that the clear punctate fluorescence particles were dispersed in the cytoplasm of the transfected cells. When ATP was deprived off by addition of rotenone and antimycin into MDCK cells,autophagosome and GFP-LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰratio were increased and AMPK was activated in cells. Treatment with glycine resulted in decrease in autophagosome and GFP-LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ expression in the ATP-depleted cells. Treatment with glycine also inhibited phosphorylation of AMPK in the ATP-depleted cells. Conclusion:ATP depletion induces an autophagic cell death,which could be inhibited by glycine. The inhibitory effect of glycine on the ATP depletion-induced autophagy may be involved in the depression of AMPK phosphorylation.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of quantitative assay of EB virus specific antibodies to VCA-IgA and EA-IgA on diagnosing and screening of EB virus related nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods:The test panel consisted of 228 sera from NPC patients and 102 sera of healthy controls. For each specimen,immunoglobulin A antibodies to EBV-specific VCA(viral capsid antigen) and EA(early antigen) were quantitatively tested with enzyme linked immune absorbed assay respectively. Compared with the clinical pathologic diagnosis,the accuracy,sensitivity,specificity and cut-off value of each biomarker were analyzed. Results:The mean value of EB virus specific VCA-IgA and EA-IgA antibodies were 15 U/mL and 11.5 U/ml among healthy population;56.5 U/ml and 63.5 U/ml among NPC patients,each one’s level was significant higher in NPC patients than that in healthy population. VCA-IgA and EA-IgA can be used in diagnosing NPC accurately with 0.903 and 0.948,area under the ROC curve respectively. Through ROC curve analysis,the best cut-off values of VCA-IgA and EA-IgA were 30 U/mL and 23 U/ml. At this level,the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing NPC were 84.9% and 66.8% for VCA-IgA,87.9% and 91.1% for EA-IgA,and 92% and 91% for combined determination. Conclusion:Quantitative detection of VCA-IgA and EA-IgA antibodies with ELISA method is very valuable in diagnosing NPC,especially combined determination.

Abstract:Objective:Endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)and nitric oxide(NO)have been implicated to protect myocardial ischemia injury. However,the angiogenic effect of eNOS in infarcted myocardium and the role of MAPK signaling in eNOS/NO-mediated cardiac remodeling have not yet been elucidated. We observed the cardioprotective effects of eNOS gene transfection after myocardial infarction. Methods:Wistar rats(male) were divided into short-term group(24-hour infarction) for signaling investigations and long-term group(7-day infarction) for ventricular remodeling. Human eNOS gene in an adenovirus vector was delivered locally into rat heart 4 days prior to induction of myocardial infarction(MI) by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Cardiomyocyte inflammation was detected by immunohistochemistry. Expression of MAPKs were detected by Western Blot. Results:eNOS gene transfection significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac contractility as well as left ventricle(LV) diastolic function after MI. In addition,eNOS significantly reduced MI-induced cardiomyocyte inflammation. Activation of JNK and P38 after MI were also dramatically reduced by eNOS. Moreover,the deterioration of both systolic and diastolic function in conjunction with thin LV remodeling after MI were prevented by eNOS. Conclusion:These results demonstrate that the eNOS/NO system provides cardiac protection after MI injury through inhibition of cardiac inflammation and suppression of JNK and P38 signaling. The resule that all the cardioprotective effects of eNOS were blocked by N(-棕)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester administration indicates a NO-mediated event.

Abstract:Objective:To establish an effective method to transfect canine bone marrow-derived EPCs with human eNOS gene(heNOS). Methods:Canine endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)were obtained,cultured and expanded with bone marrow-derived mononeuclear cells by our previously published ex vivo expansion method,then transfected by Ad5-heNOS recombinant adenovirus or pEGFP-N1-heNOS recombinant plasmid,EPCs without transfection as a control. The expression of heNOS protein in EPCs was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) at 48 hours after gene transfection. The amount of the nitric oxide(NO) in the supernanant of culture fluid was detected by nitrate reductase assay. Results:The expression of heNOS protein in Ad5-heNOS transfected EPCs(2 091.67 ± 172.49 pg/ml) was significantly higher than that in pEGFP-N1-heNOS transfected EPCs(173.67 ± 36.76 pg/ml) and the control group (158.00 ± 30.91 pg/ml)(P < 0.01). The amount of NO in the supernatant of the Ad5-heNOS group(49.5 ± 5.2 μmol/L) was significantly higher than that in the pEGFP- N1-heNOS group(38.5 ± 7.1 μmol/L) and the control group(39.7 ± 7.2 μmol/L). Conclusions:The heNOS gene can be successfully transfected into and expressed in canine EPCs by Ad5-heNOS recombinant adenovirus.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of Astragalus mongholicus microemulsion modified-collagen on proliferation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells(HUVEC) in vitro. Methods:Cell line of HUVEC was cultured and all experiments were performed using the cells at the third passage. After synchronization of cells growth,HUVEC was divided into blank microemulsion modified-collagen group and Astragalus mongholicus microemulsion modified-collagen group. Each group was exposed to the concentrations of 16.90,8.50,4.20,2.10 and 1.05 μg/ml,respectively. The proliferation of HUVEC was measured by MTT and flow cytometry assay. The real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF) mRNA in HUVEC. Results:After co-culturing for 48 h,the proliferation and VEGF mRNA expression of HUVEC in Astragalus mongholicus microemulsion modified-collagen group at the concentrations of 16.9,8.5 and 4.2 μg/ml significantly increased compared with the groups on the same concentrations in blank microemulsion modified-collagen control(P < 0.05,P < 0.01). Conclusion:Astragalus mongholicus microemulsion not only promotes the proliferation of HUVEC,but also upregulates the expression of VEGF mRNA. This study demonstrateds that Astragalus mongholicus microemulsion may promote angei-anagenesis.

Abstract:Objective:Studies have shown that TNF-α secreted by tumor cells and macrophages infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment may promote the metastasis of a variety of malignant cancers,including breast cancer. The present study was designed to detect global metastasis related gene expression changes of MCF-7 cells treated by low dose TNF-α(20 ng/ml),and to explore the mechanisms of TNF-α-induced metastasis. Methods:Transwell assay was used to investigate the invasion capability. cDNA array analysis was applied to detect the metastasis related gene expressions. Results:The invasive ability of MCF-7 cell was enhanced by low dose TNF-α. There were 39 gene expressions significantly changed after treatment of TNF-α. There were 6 genes which have not been reported to be regulated by TNF-α. Most of these genes promoted the metastasis of MCF-7 cells while the others inhibited. The gene expressions induced by TNF-α were somewhat time-dependent. Conclusions:TNF-α can enhance the invasive ability of MCF-7 cells by regulation of metastasis related genes,which may take part in every step of metastasis. Further study on some of the genes is needed.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the potential role of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase(OPRT),dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase(DPYD) and thymidylate synthase(TS) in serving as biomarkers for drug sensitivity in primary gastric cancer. Methods:Viable tumor cells obtained from the samples of forty-seven patients with gastric carcinoma were tested for their sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil using ATP-TCA assay. Reverse transcription-PCR was used to measure the mRNA level of the three 5-fluorouracil related genes. Results:OPRT mRNA level was positively correlated with the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (r=0.744,P=0.001) while TS mRNA level was negatively correlated with the sensitivity(r=-0.375,P=0.009). No significant association was observed between DPYD expression and 5-fluorouracil sensitivity (r=-0.159,P=0.287). Conclusion:Detection of the expression level of OPRT and TS mRNA in gastric cancer might be of good value for predicting the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the mechanism of nimesulide on human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells apoptosis. Methods:SGC-7901 cells were incubated in RPMI 1640 containing different concentration of nimesulide(0,12.5,50.0,100.0,200.0,400.0 μmol/L). After treated with nimesulide,the cytologic morphological changes were observed by the optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The Power VisionTM two step method was used for the immunostaining of COX-2,bcl-2,bax. Westernblot analysis was employed to investigate the expression of COX-2,bcl-2,bax. Results:Through HE staining,the cells in negative control groups had normal structures,but with the increase of dose of nimesulide,the SGC-7901cells became sparse. In high concentration group,the dead cells showed morphologic changes of apoptosis,such as nuclear condenstion,fragmentation and chromatin crescent. By electron microscopy,cells in high concentration group also had apoptotic characteristics including chromatin condensation,nucleus fragmentation,chromatin crescent and apoptosis body. With the increase of concentration of nimesulide,the expressions of COX-2,bcl-2 decreased,while the level of bax protein increased by immunohistochemical and Western blot assay. There was positive correlation between the expression of COX-2 and bcl-2(rs=0.885 9;P < 0.001). Conclusion:Nimesulide can induces apoptosis,which may be related to overexpression of bax and inhibition of bcl-2.

Abstract:Objective:To research the significance of screening diabetes mellitus early,evaluate the insulin sensitivity and the function of secretion,and predict the development of diabetes and the complications,and provide early intervention for the patients. Methods:All the patients had oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),and the body mass index(BMI) was calculated,and screening diabetes mellitus early and evaluation the sensitivity to insulin were performed. Results:The group of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) patients,were younger than the group of diabetes mellitus(DM)(52.0±10.9 vs 65.1±14.3,P < 0.05). Compared with the group of normal glucose tolerance(NGT),the insulin sensitivity is decreased in the groups of impaired fasting glucose(IFG),IGT and DM,and insulin resistance was more obvious(NGT vs IGT:92.0±22.3 vs 64.7±13.1;NGT vs DM:92.0±22.3 vs 28.5±8.2. P < 0.05). Compared with the group of IFG,the insulin sensitivity of IGT decreased more. Compared with the group of IFG,the insulinogenic index(IGI) was higher in IGT(IFG vs IGT:1.69±0.80 vs 1.90±1.20,P < 0.05),and compared with the group of NGT,the early-phase insulin release(EPIR) was lower in IFG and DM(NGT vs IFG 1stPH:243.9±173.5 vs 124.2±110.2,2ndPH:99.2±33.5 vs 62.6±37.4;NGT vs DM 1stPH:243.9±173.5 vs 136.7±123.2,2ndPH:99.2±33.5 vs 38.8±33.3,P < 0.05),and 1stPH in IGT was higher than that in IFG(IFG vs IGT 1stPH:124.2±110.2 vs 200.4±186.32,P < 0.05). Conclusion:There are different pathogenesis in the patients of IFG and IGT,pancreas,β-cells are damaged in some patients of NGT,and OGTT has significant clinical meaning for revealing the function of pancreas β-cells, secretion and insulin resistance,and can direct screening,diagnosis and intervention for diabetes mellitus early.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the protective effect of free radical scavenger edaravone on adult rabbit lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in situ and the possible mechanisms. Methods:Twenty-Seven healthy New Zealand White adult rabbits were subjected to sham operation(n=6),IR(n=10),or edaravone plus IR(n=11). Ischemia-reperfusion was induced by clamping the left pulmonary hilum for 60 minutes and then removal of the clamp for another 60 minutes. Edaravone(3 mg/kg,intravenous) was given before and after ischemia. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),catalase (CAT),total anti-oxidation capability (T-AOC) and inhibiting hydroxy radical capability (IHR) in lung tissues,content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and myleoperoxidase (MPO),wet to dry ratio of lung tissue weight (W/D) were measured respectively,and lung tissues were prepared for light microscopic evaluation. Results:Compared with IR group,edaravone treatment markedly enhanced the activity of SOD,GSH-PX,CAT and T-AOC,while the MDA,MPO,W/D values were significantly reduced(P < 0.05). Pathologic evaluation showed alveoli injury,hemorrhage,white blood cell infiltration and interstitial edema in group IR were obvious,while which were lessen markedly in group with edaravone treatment. Conclusion:Treatment with edaravone can attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury in adult rabbit lung in vivo. The protective mechanism might be mediated by its free radical scavenging and antioxidant action.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the chemical synthesis of short interfering RNA (siRNA) and construction of interfering RNA (RNAi) vector of survivin,and their influence on the expression of survivin in HEK293 cell line. Methods:Chemically synthesized siRNA and shRNA vectors were used to silence survivin expression in HEK cell line,and the survivin mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Results:After transfection of different siRNA and shRNA vectors of survivin gene into the HEK293 cells,the survivin mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The study proposed that the survivin expression in HEK293 cell line could be silenced by chemically synthesized siRNA or shRNA vector of survivin gene.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the protective effects of salvianolic acid-B (Sal B) on the trans-differentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells and to elucidate the mechanism of Sal B on renal fibrosis. Methods:Human kidney proximal tubular cell line (HK-2) was used as the proximal tubular cell model. Cells were divided into six groups as follows:control group,transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (5 ng/ml) group,TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) plus Sal B (0.1 μmol/L,1 μmol/L,10 μmol/L,and 100 μmol/L) groups. Epithelialto-mesenchymal transition(EMT) was induced with 5 ng/mL of human TGF-β1. The effect of Sal B on cell morphology was observed by phase contrast microscopy,and the expressions of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and E-cadherin were measured by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Results:Our results revealed that Sal B not only prevented the expression of α-SMA but also prohibited the decrease of the epithelial marker E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneous incubation of Sal B with TGF-β1 could protect the change to the myofibroblast phenotype and restored the epithelial morphology of the HK-2 cells. Conclusion:These observations strongly suggest that Sal B is a potent inhibitor of TGF-β1-induced EMT and may be a promising agent for treating tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the effects of alendronate combined with simvastatin on the osteoblasts and osteoclasts cultured in vitro. Methods:Osteoblasts and osteoclasts isolated from newborn rats were stimulated with alendronate and simvastatin. Proliferation ratio and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity of osteoblasts were assessed,and bone resorb activity of osteoclasts were detected. Results:Alendronate combined with simvastatin more effectively enhanced proliferation ratio and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity of osteoblasts and inhibited the bone resorb activity of osteoclasts compared with administration separately. Conclusion:Combined application of alendronate and simvastatin probably has better effects than simply application of alendronate on the osteoporosis.

Abstract:Objective:To examine CFA(complete Freund’s adjuvant)-induced IP-10 expression in the paw skin and the regulation of c-jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) inhibitor on CFA-induced pain and IP-10 expression. Methods:CFA was injected into the rat’s unilateral hind paw to induce chronic inflammatory pain. Heat hyperalgesia on both hind paws were tested at different time points after injection of CFA. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to examine the expression of IP-10 mRNA and protein in the paw skin respectively. By intraplantar injection,the effect of JNK inhibitor SP600125 on CFA-induced pain and IP-10 upregulation was detected. Results:Peripheral injection of CFA induced persistent heat hyperalgesia. Both IP-10 mRNA and protein expression were increased in the paw skin at the time points of 3 h,6 h and 1 d after CFA injection. Intraplantar injection of SP600125 attenuated CFA-induced heat hyperalgesia and reduced IP-10 expression. Conclusion:IP-10 is involved in CFA-induced pain. JNK plays a role in pain and IP-10 expression induced by CFA.

Abstract:Objective:To select epitopes of human inhibin subunits for fusion expression and antibody preparation according to the features of α,βA and βB. Methods:Based on amino acids sequences of inhibin subunits α(1-32),βA(82-114) and βB(101-134),the genes fragments were synthesized using preferred codons,which was inserted into pGEX-4T-2,and expressed in E. coli. The protein was purified for immunization of sheep antibody preparation. The titer of antibodies were determined by ELISA. Results:The positive clones named pGEX-INHA,pGEX-INHBA,pGEX-INHBB were choiced using enzyme digestion. The products of dones:GST-INHA,GST-INHBA,GST-INHBB,and the purified protein were identified with Commassie Blue Staining,then used to sheep immunization. The results showed that the titer of antibodies were 1∶64,1∶128 and 1∶32 using GST-INHA,GST-INHBA,and GST-INHBB,respectively,and 1∶32,1∶32 and 1∶64 using purified GST-INHA,GST-INHBA,and GST-INHBB,respectively. Conclusion:These antibodies can be used as diagnostic reagent of enzyme immunoassay detecting serum inhibin level.

Abstract:Objective:To summarize the clinical effect and experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for perioperative severe heart failure in end-stage cardiopathy. Methods:From June 2007 to December 2008,six patients with severe perioperative heart failure in end-stage cardiopathy received ECMO support. ECMO was established in all patients by cannulation of femoral artery and vein. The hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were maintained stabilization. Results:The duration of assist ranged from 31 to 261 hours (mean 98 hours). The hemodynamics after using ECMO was improved remarkably,and the amount of inotropic drug was significantly reduced. All patients were successfully weaned from ECMO. After weaning,three patients recovered uneventfully and discharged,while three patients died of multiorgan failure. Major complication were bleeding,renal failure,DIC and so on. Conclusion:ECMO is an important extracorporeal method to support life. ECMO is an effective treatment for end-stage cardiopathy patients with severe perioperative heart failure. It is important to select patients for ECMO properly.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the left ventricular rotation in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) after transcatheter closure of ASD. Methods:Using speckle tracking imaging(STI),the rotation of 6 segments of basal and apical short-axises were measured repeatedly in 25 patients with ASD before and after closure. 25 healthy subjects were included as controls. The global rotation of the 6 segments in basal and apical short-axises versus time profile were drawn,and the peak rotation of basal and apical short-axises were calculated. LV ejection fraction(EF)was measured by biplane Simpson method. Results:Compared with healthy subjects,the peak rotation of antsept wall,laterior wall,posterior wall,inferior wall and postsept wall in basal of ASD group were lower(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups on the peak rotation. LV rotation of apical short-axise increased after close, but was still lower than that of control group(P > 0.05). Conclusion:Transcatheter closure of ASD could increase rotation of basal short-axises,and also improve LV twist.

Abstract:Objective:To study the relationship of P wave dispersion (Pd),left atrial dimension(LAD) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) between patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and those with atrial premature beats. Methods:40 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(group A),50 patients with atrial premature beats(group B)and 50 healthy controls(group C) were included. The P wave maximal duration (Pmax) and the minimum duration(Pmin) and P wave dispersion(Pd=Pmax-Pmin)were measured using 12 leads electrocardiogram.Left atrial dimension(LAD)was measured by the echocardiogram and ANP was detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA) in each individule. Results:LAD,Pmax,Pd and ANP were higher significantly in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and atrial premature beats than those in healthy controls(P < 0.01);The significant difference also existed between patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and those with atrial premature beats(P < 0.05);Pmax,Pd and ANP were all correlated with LAD(r=0.366,r=0.299,r=0.388,P < 0.01)and the best correlation was shown between Pmax and Pd(r=0.706,P < 0.01);Pmax and Pd had correlation with ANP (r=0.330,r=0.215,P < 0.01). Conclusion:LAD,Pmax,Pd and ANP are closely related to atrial arrhythmia.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the effect of gastric banding on STZ -induced type 2 diabetes rats model,and to primarily clarify its mechanism. Methods:42 type 2 diabetes rats were randomly allocated into operation group (group O) with 12 rats;sham group (group S) with 10 rats;diet control group(group F) with 10 rats and control group(group C) with 10 rats. Fasting glucose,fasting plasma leptin,fasting plasma insulin levels,fasting weight and food intake were measured before and after operation 1st,2nd,3 rd,4th,8th and 16 th week. Results:16 weeks after operation in the Group O,fasting glucose fell to(12.6±3.7)mmol/L,fasting plasma insulin increased to(42.7±9.2)mIU/L,fasting plasma leptin decreased to(14.6±3.3)pg/ml and weight declined to(212.6±15.1)g,had statistical significance compared with the levels of preoperation(P < 0.01). In the Group O,fasting plasma insulin was negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose(r =-0.881,P < 0.01),and positively correlated with fasting plasma leptin(r = 0.784,P < 0.01).There was no significant difference between the Group F and O on fasting plasma insulin and leptin,excepte for the 3rd and the 4th week postoperation(P < 0.05). Weight had statistical difference after three weeks of operation in the Group O compared with that of Group F(P < 0.05). There was no difference on blood glucose between Group F and O after operation(P > 0.05). Conclusion:Gastric banding can reduce fasting glucose in STZ-induced type 2 diabetes rats. Diet control and Weight loss may be the major mechanism of blood glucose change in STZ-induced type 2 diabetes rats after Gastric banding operation.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the incidence of Hepatitis E Virus(HEV)among the second trimester women in Nanjing. Methods:The serum of second trimester women was collected,and the HEV-Ag,anti-HEV IgG,anti-HEV IgM were detected by the corresponding ELISA kit. Results:Among the 155 second trimester women,none was HEV-Ag positive,one was anti-HEV IgM positive,36 were anti-HEV IgG positive,and 3 were anti-HEV IgG positive together with anti-HEV IgMdoubted positive. The total positive rate of anti-HEV IgG in second trimester women was 25.16%(39/155),and the positive rate of control group was 22.22%(20/90),and there was no significant difference in positive rate(P﹥0.05). With the advance of age,the positive rate of anti-HEV IgG had an increasing trend,without significant difference among groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion:We have to pay attention to the infection of HEV of pregnant women in Nanjing. Avoiding the danger to pregnant women,we suggest that serum hepatitis E virus makers should be a routine test in the each trimester of pregnant women.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the levels of leptin,resistin,adiponectin and visfatin mRNA expression in placental tissues of patients with preeclampsia. Methods:The levels of leptin,resistin,adiponectin and visfatin mRNA expression in placental tissues of 36 healthy term pregnant women (Group A),24 patient with mild preeclampsia (Group B),and 17 patients with severe preeclampsia (Group C) were examined by RT-PCR. Results:①Expression of leptin and resistin mRNA in placental tissues in Group C (1.361±0.261-1.515±0.177) was significantly higher than that in Group A(0.559±0.175-0.508±0.119) and Group B(0.898±0.201-1.055±0.113)(P < 0.05),and was higher in Group B than that in Group A(P < 0.05);②Expression of adiponectin mRNA was significantly lower in Group C(0.222±0.115)compared with Group A(1.422±0.193) and Group B(0.776±0.176)(P < 0.05),and was lower in the Group B than that in the Group A(P < 0.05);③Expression of visfatin mRNA was significantly lower in Group C (0.253±0.119)(P < 0.05)compared with Group A(1.308±0.208) and Group B(1.298±0.193),while no statistical differences were observed between Group A and B (P > 0.05). Conclusion:leptin,resistin,adiponectin and visfatin play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of preeclampsia,and may induce insulin resistance.

Abstract:Objective:To explore open reduction through medial exposure for Gartland Ⅲ supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Methods:216 cases with Gartland Ⅲ supracondylar fractures of the humerus received open reduction through media exposure plus crossed Kirschner wire internal fixation. Results:All cases were followed up for 1 month to two years and four months. According to Flynn criteria, the excellent and good rate was 92.13%. Conclusions:Open reduction through media exposure plus crossed Kirschner wire internal fixation is a safe and effective treatment for Gartland Ⅲ supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Incision scar is at the medial elbow and concealed. Correction of ulnar deviation, ulnar tilt and internal rotation can be effective in reducing the incidence of cubitus varus.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the factors of the oral health services utilization in Nanjing and in order to develope a reasonable and effective oral health care delivery system. Methods:A cross sectional survey was conducted among 1 200 subjects from 6 urban districts in Nanjing selected by stratified,clustering,random sampling. Probability model for dental visits was established by logistic regression. Results:The results of single-factor analysis revealed that marital state,education background,job,income and awareness of oral health were significantly associated with the utilization of oral health services. The results of multi-factor analysis showed that education background,job,income and awareness of oral health had a significant association with accepting rate of oral health services in residents. Conclusion:Education background,job,income and awareness of oral health may influence the oral health services utilization.