Abstract:The review presents the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in the Eastern Africa region. We searched PUB MED and MEDLINE with several key words-namely,“leishmaniasis”;“cutaneous”,“diffuse cutaneous”,“mucosal”, and“visceral leishmaniasis”; “kala azar”and “post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis”-for recent clinical and basic science articles related to leishmaniasis in countries in the Eastern Africa region. Poverty, wars, conflicts and migration have significantly aggravated leishmaniases in Eastern Africa. Of particular concern is the increasing incidence of Leishmania-HIV co-infection in Ethiopia where 20~40% of the persons affected by visceral leishmaniasis are HIV-co-infected. Sudan has the highest prevalence rate of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis(PKDL) in the world, a skin complication of visceral leishmaniasis(VL) that mainly afflicts children below age ten. In view of its spread to previously non-endemic areas and an increase in imported cases, leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa should be considered a health emergency.

Abstract:Biliary complications(BC) are a major cause of morbidity in liver transplant recipients with an incidence of 10~30% following orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT), and a mortality rate of up to 10%. The most common biliary complications are bile leaks, biliary strictures, ampullary dysfunction, and stones. Leaks predominate in the early posttransplant period; while stricture formation typically develops gradually over time. Risk factors for biliary complications comprise technical failure, T-tube-related complications, hepatic artery thrombosis, bleeding, ischemia/reperfusion injury, primary diseases, and other immunological, non-immunological, and infectious complications. Cholangiography, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram(PTC), is considered the gold standard for identifying post-transplant BC. The management of biliary complications after OLT requires a multidisciplinary approach, in which interventional radiology and endoscopic techniques are emerging as the preferred treatment option, but in a selected majority of patients, surgery is still necessary.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the association between the X-ray repair cross complementing(XRCC) group 5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 polymorphisms and risk of acute myeloid leukemia(AML). Methods:This hospital-based case-control study included 120 AML patients and 210 cancer-free controls in a Chinese population. Three polymorphisms of XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) or polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) method. Results: We found that there was a significant decrease in risk of AML associated with the XRCC6 -61 CG/GG genotype(adjusted odd ratio(OR) = 0.55; 95% confident interval(CI) = 0.34-0.89) compared with the -61CC genotype. For the novel tandem repeat polymorphism (VNTR) in the XRCC5 promoter, we found when the XRCC5 six genotypes were dichotomized(i.e., 2R/2R, 2R/1R versus 2R/0R, 1R/1R, 1R/0R and 0R/0R), the latter group was associated with increased risk of AML(adjusted OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.00~2.79) compared to 2R/2R+2R/1R genotype. However, the XRCC7 6721G>T polymorphism had no effect on risk of AML. Conclusion:The XRCC6 -61C > G and XRCC5 2R/1R/0R polymorphisms, but not XRCC7 6721G > T polymorphism, could play an important role in the development of AML. Larger scale studies with more detailed data on environment exposure are needed to verify these findings.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the relation between hepatitis B virus(HBV) genotypes and the double mutation of A-to-T nucleotide(nt) 1762 and G-to-A nt 1764 in basic core promoter(BCP T1762/A1764) in patients of the Li nationality. Methods:Subjects were 125 HBV DNA positive patients that belong to the Li nationality on Hainan Island. HBV DNA genotype was determined by real time fluorimetry polymerase chain reaction. BCP T1762/A1764 mutation was performed using the direct sequencing method. Results:The prevalence rates of genotype B, genotype C, genotype D, genotype C and D mixed infection(genotype C＋D) and genotype B and D mixed infection (genotype B＋C) were 31.20%, 53.60%, 12.00%, 2.40% and 0.80% respectively. Mutation frequencies in patients infected with HBV genotype C(58.21%) were significantly higher than in those infected with other genotypes (P ＜0.01). The serum viral load of the patients with genotype C(5.74±1.21) was also higher than that of those with genotype B(P ＜0.01). Conclusion:The major genotypes in the Li nationality were genotype C and genotype B. The infection of genotype D and mixed infection also occurred in the Li nationality. Genotype C HBV has a higher replication rate, and the different degrees of pathogenecity among HBV genotypes may be related to BCP T1762/A1764 mutation frequency.

Abstract:AIDS had spread all over the world since 1980s. In the process of fighting with it, people reached the consensus that no matter what kind of politics, economics, cultural systems, every country should engaged to protect the human rights and freedom of AIDS patients. It coincided with our national Consititution and international responsibilitity. However, through the practice in over twenty years, it came to know that the discrimination or the desertedness of AIDS patients only led to the worse result, instead of solving the problem. On the contrary, our human beings should protect those AIDS patients.

Abstract:Objective:To identify the in vitro effects of sodium hyaluronate(HA) on the proliferation and the apoptosis of chondrocytes from patients with Kashin-Beck disease(KBD) and osteoarthritis(OA). Methods:Samples of articular cartilages from KBD and OA patients, as well as healthy volunteers(6 subjects in each of the 3 groups) were dissected, digested with collagenase and the cells cultured in monolayers. Chondrocytes from each sample were assigned to an untreated group and two HA-treated groups: H0(no HA), H100(HA, 0.1 g/L) and H500(HA, 0.5 g/L). The first passage chondrocytes were used to observe proliferation using the MTT assay, and apoptosis by flow cytometry through Annexin V/PI staining. Results:HA promoted proliferation of chondrocytes in all the three groups, and in KBD and OA groups, for cells cultured for 4 and 6 days, H500 significantly promoted the cell proliferation. The apoptotic rates of both KBD and OA group chondrocytes were in the order H500 < HA100 < H0. Conclusion:Sodium hyaluronate administration has a dose-dependent in vitro effect to promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of chondrocytes from patients with KBD and OA.

Abstract:Objective:The role of methylseleninic acid (MSeA), a selenium compound, has been documented in cancer chemoprevention. However, the therapeutic effect of MSeA in combination with paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat ovarian cancer, is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of combination treatment of MSeA and paclitaxel against ovarian cancer cells. Methods:Ovarian cancer cells(A2780) were treated with different concentrations of MSeA, paclitaxel alone or in combination. The individual and combined concentrations of drugs that achieved certain cells growth/death were determined using a sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay. Drug effects on cell viability were further confirmed using floating cell count and trypan blue exclusion assay. The mean values±standard deviation were calculated and compared between treatment groups using unpaired t test. Results: The concentration of paclitaxel alone that inhibited 50% of cell growth(IC50) was 0.5μmol/L. This concentration increased to 1.2μmol/L when paclitaxel was given in sequential combination with MSeA. The number of dead cells after the combination treatment did not show a significance increase when compared with drug alone. Conclusion:Pretreatment with MSeA did not enhance the paclitaxel effect against A2780 ovarian cancer cells.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of the gap junction blocker 1-heptanol on the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) following induction by GDF-5. Methods:MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and cultured in vitro. After 3 passages cells were induced to undergo chondrogenic differentiation with recombinant human GDF-5(100 ng/ml), with or without 1-heptanol(2.5μmol/L). The effect of 1-heptanol on MSCs proliferation was investigated using the MTT assay. TypeⅡ collagen mRNA and protein were examined by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry respectively, and the sulfate glycosaminoglycan was assessed by Alcian blue dye staining. Connexin43(Cx43) protein was examined by western blotting. Results:GDF-5 induced proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. While 1-heptanol treatment had no effect on this proliferation, it inhibited the expression of both typeⅡ collagen mRNA and protein. The Alcian blue staining revealed that 1-heptanol also inhibited the deposition of the typical cartilage extracellular matrix promoted by recombinant GDF-5. Western blotting demonstrated that 1-heptanol had no effect on the expression of Cx43. Conclusion:These results suggest that mouse bone marrow MSCs can be differentiated into a chondrogenic phenotype by GDF-5 administration in vitro. While the gap junction blocker, 1-heptanol, did not reduce gap junction Cx43, these intercellular communication pathways clearly played an important functional role in GDF-5-induced cartilage differentiation.

Abstract:Based on the various random factors in the educational process of preventive medicine education, the paper attempted to make use of the stochastic process model to analyze and evaluate the teaching quality by establishing the corresponding dynamic model. The paper had proven that it was scientific and flexible to apply the stochastic process model to the teaching quality evaluation of the preventive medicine education with the examples of two medical schools about the teaching quality evaluation of the epidemiology and biostatistics. At last, the paper summarized a good many problems to the teaching quality evaluation of preventive medicine and put forward the proposal to improve the method.

Abstract:Objective:To record Calcium, Potassium and Sodium currents in acutely isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Methods:Hip-pocampal CA3 neurons were freshly isolated by 1 mg protease /3 ml SES and mechanical trituration with polished pipettes of progressively smaller tip diameters. Patch clamp technique in whole-cell mode was employed to record voltage-gated channel currents. Results:The procedure dissociated hippocampal neurons, preserving apical dendrites and several basal dendrites, without impairing the electrical characteristics of the neurons. Whole-cell patch clamp configuration was successfully used to record voltage-gated Ca2+ currents, delayed rectifier K+ current and voltage-gated Na+ currents. Conclusion:Protease combined with mechanical trituration may be used for the dissociation of neurons from rat hippocampus. Voltage-gated channels currents could be recorded using a patch clamp technique.

Abstract:Demanding by the general framework of province-level public health information system, information network management platform, working for occupational disease control in city-level health department, safety production supervision department, labor union and employment company, was constructed according to law of occupational disease prevention and control. Based on J2EE environment, the platform adopted application platform of Oracal database and B/S multi-level architecture, and combined with special information system like Delphi 7.0 and C/S multi-level architecture. Network safety technology, such as tunnel, authentication and encryption technology of VPN was used as well. After a trial application, information sharing,communication and cooperation between different occupational disease control management departments and employing units were realized. Also by setting up hierarchical management mode and complete disease file in occupational hazard enterprises, the occupational disease control working quality had been effectively standardized and improved. According to the above work, the programmed, standardized, information and modernization work of occupational disease prevention and control in the local area had been greatly promoted.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of siRNA of ADAM17 gene and genistein on apoptosis and the inhibition of proliferation in HepG2 cells in an attempt to seek an effective therapy for hepatocellular carinoma. Methods:Cells were divided into control groups and experimental groups and siRNA was used to silence the ADAM17 gene, alone and in combination with genistein. Cells were harvested at several time periods and assessed for proliferation and apoptosis. Proliferation was assayed by MTT at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours following treatment and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometric analysis at 48 hours. Results:In siRNA groups, proliferation of cells was significantly inhibited compared to the control groups at 24, 48 and 72 hours(P < 0.05), and apoptosis was significantly increased at 48 hours(P < 0.01); In genistein groups, proliferation was inhibited at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, and the apoptosis ratio was significantly increased at 48 hours(P < 0.01); while in the groups that received the combination of siRNA transfection and genistein treatment, there was a further significant decrease of proliferation and increase in apoptosis compared with either treatment alone. Conclusion:The ADAM17 gene could be an effective target, and genistein could be a useful agent, in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. siRNA of ADAM17 gene and genistein both inhibited HepG2 cells proliferation and promoted apoptosis, and further, the combination of these treatments had a greater effect than either treatment alone.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the change of comprehensive evaluation in medical quality through using critical patients proprotion. Methods: Typical aspects such as work quality, work efficiency and work benefit were evaluated in principal component analysis. Results: Critical patients proportion had influence on the result of traditional principal component analysis. Conclusion: It is meaningful that the quality evaluation should use critical patients proportion in different hospitals and different development stages in one hospital.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the silencing effects of recombinant adenovirus Ad-shRNA-MK on midkine(MK) gene in pancreatic cancer cells. Methods:Ad-shRNA-MK was used to infect pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells. Assays were conducted for knockdown of the MK gene on the day of infection and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th days post-infection by using immunocytochemistry, real-time RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. Results:The adenoviral Ad-shRNA-PTN was constructed successfully, and infection was confirmed by electron microscopic observation. By using real-time RT-PCR, the inhibition rates of MK mRNA expression in the BxPC-3 cells were 20%, 80%, 55%, and 23% on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days post-infection. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis confirmed this effect at the gene product level. Conclusion:Efficient and specific knockdown of MK in pancreatic cancer cells by adenoviral Ad-shRNA-PTN is a potentially powerful tool for the study of gene therapy of pancreatic cancer nerve infiltration.

Abstract:Objective: To understand the situation of health human resources and its impacts. Methods: A sampled survey was carried out at the March, 2008. Three counties/county-level cities were sampled and all THCs after property right reform in the counties were investigated. Results: The current township hospital professional teams had many problems such as quantity insufficiency, low skill levels, unstable professional teams. Conclusion: The backwardness development of private township hospitals’ health human resources affected the basic medical and health protection in rural areas. The quality of township health professionals should be improved and the government responsibilities for the rural health should be strengthened to protect rural residents equitable access to basic medical and health services.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) on bile canalicular F-actin microfilaments in rats. Methods:A rat model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion was employed and the ischemia time was 35 min. The activity of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST),γ-glutamyl transferase(GGT) and the level of total bilirubin(TBIL) were measured. Changes in the bile canaliculi were observed by transmission electron microscope. The modification of F-actin microfilaments was quantified by using FITC-Phalloidin and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging. Results:Modifications of F-actin staining were consistent with the observations made by transmission electron microscopy. The staining of F-actin was normal in hepatocytes before reperfusion but decreased significantly after reperfusion, and there was a marked loss of canalicular microvilli after reperfusion, which coincided with abnormal serum GGT and TBIL levels. Conclusion:Reperfusion, not short-term ischemia, induced a disruption of F-actin microfilaments and a loss of microvilli. These modifications could lead to the impaired bile secretion by damaging canalicular contraction, and could be the main mechanisms of cholestasis after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Abstract:The article investigated the necessity of pharmacoeconomic and expounded its position, role and application in hospital pharmacy adminstration. In order to abate the burden on patients and community, the specification of standard diagnosis and treatment should be made, the catalogue of basic medication and standard formulary for the clinician should also be compiled. The hospital pharmacy adminstration should be made more institutional and scientific, the medicine and medical cost could be cut down more effectively, and the medication in hospital could be used more normative and more reasonable. Pharmacoeconomic is a methodology on practicality in hospital pharmacy adminstration.

Abstract:Objectives:To investigate in vivo the effects of zinc oxide(ZnO) nanoparticles on the main organs of female mice, especially on female reproductive system. Methods:Female mice, aged 5 weeks, were intraperitoneally injected with 200 and 500 mg/kg of zinc oxide(ZnO) nanoparticles, respectively, every other day for 5 times. Control group was injected with equal volume of normal saline. After one week of treatment, the coefficients of organs serum biochemical parameters and gonadal hormone(E2 and P) in female mice intraperitoneally treated with ZnO nanoparticles were measured. Main organs were observed in pathology. Results:Compared with control group, the coefficients of kidneys and ovaries were significantly changed in both 200 mg/kg group and 500 mg/kg group, and the coefficients of heart was significantly changed in 200 mg/kg group. The changes of coefficients of liver(P < 0.05) suggested the small hepatic injury after treatment with ZnO nanoparticles. UA in both groups raised significantly(P < 0.05), showing that ZnO nanoparticles had small nephrotoxicity after treatment with ZnO nanoparticles. The significantly change of serum LDH in both groups(P < 0.05) suggested the limited myocardial damage compared with the control group. However, there were no significant changes in pathological observation of main organs, including ovaries and uterus. The level of E2 and P were not significantly changed by the treatment with two doses of ZnO nanoparticles. Conclusions:There were slight damage in the function of liver, kidneys and heart with large dose of ZnO nanoparticles. However, there were no significant effect on the levels of E2 and P and pathology of ovaries. In conclusion, ZnO nanoparticles under 500 mg/kg dose was safe for reproductive system.

Abstract:Countries for training rural doctors could contribute to achievement and protection of a basic human right, which means citizens’ right to health. From the view of obligations the article discussed on the theoretical basis for the training of rural doctors and arrived the following conclusions: the training of rural doctors was not only the right and obligation of rural doctors, but also the manifestation of the health law, meeting the requirements of bioethics on the professional ethics of doctors. In addition, training of rural doctors approached to the health work in China at this stage and changes in the modern medical model.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the antibacterial effect of Chinese crude drugs against clinical strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU), including eight pure herbs and three compound herbs, and determine their minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs). Methods:Isolates were collected from clinical patients with UU infection, and cultured in UU broth. In order to test the different effects on clinical strains of UU, the assays were performed by microdilution inhibition tests, and MICs of the herbs against the clinical strains of UU were calculated. Results:The MICs of eight pure herbs against clinical strains of UU were as follows: Galla Chinensis:0.313~1.25 g/L; Fructus Forsythiae: 1.25~5.00 g/L; Cortex Phellodendri:1.25~5.00 g/L; Radix Paeoniae Rubra:1.25~2.50 g/L; Semen Plantaginis:2.50~10.00 g/L; Herba Lysimachiae: 5.00~20.00 g/L; Rhizoma Coptidis: 5.00~20.00g/L, Herba Houttuyniae: 10.00~20.00 g/L. The MICs of compound herbs were: Liuheji: 0.625~2.50 g/L; Bazhengsan: 5.00~20.00 g/L; Wulinsan:2.50~20.0 g/L.Conclusion:Galla Chinensis, Fructus Forsythiae, Cortex Phellodendrim, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, and Semen Plantaginis, exerted the stronger antibacterial effect against clinical strains of UU, whereas Herba Lysimachiae, Rhizoma Coptidis and Herba Houttuyniae, had relatively weaker activity against UU. Compound herbs, Bazhengsan and Wulinsan, and particularly Liuheji, also had antibacterial effects against UU. Further studies of the effects and mechanisms of action of Chinese crude drugs against UU infections are worthwhile.

Abstract:The significance of modern hospice care originated in Europe, and the idea of caring had a long history in the eastern and western countries. Because of the influence of the traditional cultures and moral principles, hospice care in China sank into an ethical dilemma during the localization. This article started from the origin, development and connotation of hospice care, then analyzed the ethical dilemma of the localization on hospice care and put forward an idea about construction of the localization on hospice care from the macroscopic and microscopic level to solve the ethical dilemma and promote the localization on hospice care.

Abstract:A 67-year-old woman with chronic cholecystitis was scheduled to have laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. About 5~10 min after the CO2 intraperitoneal insufflation, the peak airway pressure gradually increased from 15 cmH2O to 27 cmH2O, the end-tidal CO2(EtCO2) from 32 mmHg to 56 mmHg. The SpO2 decreased from 100% to 96%, and blood pressure from 135/80 mmHg to 80/52 mmHg. A right side tension pneumothorax was confirmed and a drainage tube was placed in the right pleural cavity. As the continuous gas leakage from the drainage tube was noted, even as ventilation was withheld, the diaphragm was carefully examined and a porous diaphragm was found. These defects were then patched with biomedical materials. The operation was finished uneventfully. It was concluded that in a patient with a tension pneumothorax during laparoscopic surgery, a diaphragm defect should be taken into consideration.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effects of Bukatoxin on tetrodotoxin-resistant(TTX-R) sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Methods:The effects of Bukatoxin on TTX-R sodium currents was studied using the whole-cell patch clamp technique in fresh isolated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Results:Bukatoxin inhibited TTX-R sodium currents concentration dependently. About 18.72%,27.40% and 59.02% of peak TTX-R sodium currents were inhibited by Bukatoxin at the concentration of 20,40 and 80 μg/ml respectively. The activation curve of TTX-R sodium channel was slightly shifted in depolarizing direction by Bukatoxin and the inactivation curve was shifted in hyperpolarizing direction for about 6 mV. Conclusion:Bukatoxin inhibited the TTX-R sodium currents in dose dependent manner, and changed the activation and inactivation of TTX-R sodium channel. This may count for the modulation of Bukatoxint to the nociception transduction.

Abstract:As the motto of Nanjing Medical University, the unique spirit of a university, ‘prusue excellence with erudition, reach perfection with morality’ had its own profound culture and the spirit of optimism. Under the guidance of the motto, humanities-related medicine and research-based teaching should bring up the students who had both abilith and moral integrity.

Abstract:Objective:To identify gene mutations of a patient with coagulation factor Ⅹ(FⅩ) deficiency. Methods:The activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), prothrombin time(PT), thrombin time, the activities of FⅡ,FV-FⅦ,FⅧ,FⅨ and FⅩ(FⅡ:C,FⅦ:C,FⅧ:C,FⅨ:C and FⅩ:C) were performed for phenotypic diagnosis. The genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the proband and all the 8 exons and their flanks of F10 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The PCR products were screeed by direct sequencing and the mutations were further confirmed by restricted enzyme digestion to eliminate the possibility of polymorphism. Results:APTT,PT,TT,FⅡ:C,FⅤ:C,FⅦ:C,FⅧ:C,FⅨ:C and FⅩ:C of the proband were 100 s, 46.6s,13.9 s,60.0%,89%,59%,81.5%,63% and 2.4%, respectively. Compound heterozygous missense mutations in F10 gene were identified in the proband. One was G to A in exon 2, leading Gla(GAG) 26 to Lys(AAG) in the Gla domain; another was T to C in exon 8, resulting the substitution of Ser(UCC)425 by Pro(CCC) in the catalytic domain. Conclusion:These two de novel heterozygous missense mutations might be the molecular mechanisms of coagulation factor Ⅹ deficiency for the patient.

Abstract:Objective:To elucidate the expression of Atf3 on pancreatic islet β-cell of pregnant rats and the effects of Atf3 on proliferation of INS-1 cells under the treatment of Prolactin(PRL). Methods:Expression of Atf3 in pregnant rats was studied by RT-PCR, Real-time PCR and Western blotting. INS-1 cells proliferation was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. Further, expressions of Atf3 in INS-1 cells cultured with 200 ng/ml oPRL for various periods were studied by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results:Expression of Atf3 was increased transiently during pregnancy, with peak at gestational day 10.5. After cultured with oPRL, the cell proliferation was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of Atf3 was also increased in INS-1 cells cultured with 200 ng/ml oPRL. Conclusion:Expression of Atf3 in pancreatic islet β cell was increased at mRNA and protein level during pregnancy, with earlier time phases than proliferation peak, indicating that it may be related to islet regeneration. Moreover, oPRL can increase the proliferation of INS-1 cells, which accompanied by up-regulation of Atf3, indicating that Atf3 may play an important role in oPRL-induced pancreatic β-cell growth.

Abstract:China higher medical education was drawing on international standards to set up own Chinese undergraduate medical education standards and Chinese undergraduate medical education certification approach, and carring on the reform of the personnel training model to integrate the international medical education. The paper advanced the realzation of the reform of personnel training mode should be comprehensive of reforms from curriculum, teaching methods and practical aspect to enhance the students’ practical abilities and creative spirits.

Abstract:Although a large number of college graduates were hard to find good jobs, there was a lack of required talented personnel for enterprises. To improve the employability of college graduates, colleges and universities should make a positive exploration of personnel training program of employment-oriented training.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the effects of Rhein(RH) on proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocytes. Methods:Omental adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from 15 patients who were undergoing elective open-abdominal surgery. The primary culture and differentiation induction of human preadipocytes were performed, and the human preadipocytes were treated with rhein at different concentrations at proper moments. Dynamic morphological changes of the human preadipocytes were observed, and their proliferation and differentiation were assessed with Colorimetric MTT Assay and Oil Red O Staining. The expression of CHOP(a gene regulating the differentiation of preadipocytes) was detected by RT-PCR. Results:After 24 hours with RH, 2.5 ug/ml RH decreased the MTT values of the human preadipocytes by 35.5%(P < 0.05), compared with the control group without RH. The human preadipocytes with RH cumulated less adipose in the endochylema than those without RH obviously. 2.5 ug/ml RH decreased the differentiation degree of the human preadipocytes differentiated 8-10 days by 66.2%(P < 0.05). 1 ug/ml RH increased the mRNA level of CHOP obviously compared with the control group. Conclusion:Rhein may significantly inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of the human omental preadipocytes, which would contribute to the increased expression of CHOP gene.

Abstract:For medical colleges, the curriculum of ideology, moral culture and the basis of law was not only a important part of political ideology course, but also the basic flat of the medical humanities educating system. On the one hand, on the basis of reformed content, medical humanities should be combined with ideology, moral and law and reflected in the teaching of medical humanities ideology, medical ethics, and medical law. On the other hand, flexible and various teaching method should be carried out, such as in-class and out-class teaching, explicit and implicit curriculum. Medical humanities education should be the systematic implementation during the teaching of the medical college education.

Abstract:Objectives:To investigate the effect of motilin on spontaneous afferent nerve discharge and gastric distention-induced afferent nerve discharge and explore the corresponding mechanism. Methods:Experiments were performed in anestherized SD rats. The sensory impulses of subdiaphragmatic vagal nerve were recorded by the RECORDER. Different dosages of motilin were intravenous injection. Some rats were pretreated with ondansetron and atropine, and then injected high-dose motlin. Results:Intravenous low motilin(1 μg/kg) had no effect, and intravenous medium and high motilin(5 μg/kg and 40 μg/kg respectively) caused obvious increase of spontaneous afferent discharge and gastric distention-induced afferent discharge. Pretreatment with ondansetron almost completely blocked the effects of motilin. Atropine had no obvious influence with the effect of high-dose motilin. Ondansetron inhibited afferent nerve discharge by itself,and atropine also did, but it failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusion:Motilin can excite spontaneous afferent nerve discharge and gastric distention-induced afferent nerve discharge. Vagal afferent nerve may play an important role in motilin transferring gastrointestinal information, 5-HT3 receptor are probably involved in the effect, but not atropine.

Abstract:Although the bilingual teaching had existed in China for a long time, it was a great challenge for native teachers to perform it excellently both in appearance and spirits. As a new and rising subject, neurobiology required rational bilingual teaching to facilitate the undergraduate education in this field. It was of great significance to assure the undergraduate teaching of high quality while teaching bilingually. Combination of reforms in various aspects could be beneficial to the bilingual teaching in undergraduate neurobiology education, such as training teachers, choosing professional books and innovating the teaching method.

Abstract:This article first reviewed the current situation and existing problems of translation of Traditional Chinese Medical terms. In the light of the lack of standardization in translation of TCM terms, the author analyzed the components of Yanfu’s translation theory “faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance” and the feasibility of this theory in the practice.

Abstract:Objective:To study the protective effect of rosiglitazone, a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPARγ) ligand on acute necrotic pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated pulmonary injury. Methods:Fifty Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups, the control group, the sham operation group, the ANP group, the prophylactic treatment group and the therapeutic treatment group. In the acute necrotic pancreatitis group, rats were given two intraperitoneal injections of L-arginine while the control group did not receive anything, the sham operation group received the same volume injections of 0.9% saline solution. For the prophylactic treatment group, rats were given with rosiglitazone two times at an hour interval 30 min prior to the induction of pancreatitis. For the therapeutic treatment group, rats were given with rosiglitazone two times at an hour interval 30 min after the induction of pancreatitis. Amylase(AMY), TNF-α and IL-1β in blood plasma, lung myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity were evaluated. Pancreatic and pulmonary pathology were observed. Results:The levels of serum AMY,IL-1β,TNF-α and lung MPO in rats with acute necrotic pancreatitis were significantly higher than the those of control and sham operation group(P < 0.001); Compared with ANP group, the levels of serum AMY,IL-1β,TNF-α and lung MPO were significantly lower in the prophylactic and therapeutic group with rosiglitazone(P < 0.001) and pancreatic and pulmonary pathological injury were significantly reduced(P < 0.001). Conclusion:Both prophylactic and therapeutic treatments with rosiglitazone could ameliorate pancreatic and pulmonary injury induced by L-arginine, as observed by biochemical and histopathological study. The protective action of rosiglitazone may be linked to inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1β expression.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the alteration of cell cycle arrest of 5-FU to Panc-1 cell line after downregulation of hENT1 (human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1) mRNA expression by RNAi. Methods:The plasmid(pSilence-hENT1 4.1-CMV neo)which expresses shRNA(small hairpin RNA) specifically for human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1(hENT1) was designed and recombined. Then, pSilence-hENT1 4.1-CMV neo was transfected into Panc-1 cells with Lipofectamin 2000. After that, the transfected cells(pSilence-hENT1 Panc-1) was selected with medium containing G418(600 -滋g/ml). hENT1-mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR to determine whether it was downregulated efficiently and stably by RNAi. Cells were cultured in the medium with 20 μmol/L of 5-FU 24 h. Then the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry(FCM). Results:pSilence-hENT1 4.1-CMV neo sequencing showed that the designed DNA fragment was successfully inserted into pSilence 4.1-CMV neo plasmid. The downregulation of hENT1-mRNA expression was found and it had maintained for 2 months(15 passages) in pSilence-hENT1 Panc-1 cell. The percentage of G0/G1 phase cells in pSilence-hENT1 Panc-1 group was increased to 120%(P < 0.01) of the Panc-1 group,and the percentage of S phase cells was reduced to 66.76%(P < 0.01) compared with Panc-1 group. Conclusion:The downregulation of hENT1-mRNA expression by RNAi enhances G0/G1 phase arrest of 5-FU to pancreatic cancer cells.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the influence of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on SWDs on ECoG in rats following γ-Butyrolactone-induced absence seizures, and speculate on its possible mechanism. Method:Forty adult SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, intraperitoneally and injected with 50 μg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 μg/kg of LPS, and 1 ml of saline respectively. One hour later, five rats randomly selected from each group were sacrificed and changes of IL-1βmRNA in the hippocampi were detected by RT-PCR, while the other five rats were intraperitoneally injected with 200 μg/kg of GBL to induce absence seizures and variations of latency and endurance time of SWD on ECG were recorded. Results:The expression of IL-1βmRNA in the hippocampi of rats one hour after intraperitoneal injection in the 50μg/kg group was 0.196 ± 0.04, while in the 100 μg/kg and 200 μg/kg group was 0.285 ± 0.057 and 0.404 ± 0.072,respectively, all significantly different from the control group, which was 0.131 ± 0.034(P < 0.05). Besides, The SWDs latency time of discharge in absence seizure rats in the experiment groups was significantly shorter than that of the control group, while the duration time was longer(P < 0.05). Though the latency time the 50 -滋g/kg and 100 -滋g/mg group was shorter while the durance time longer compared with that of the 50 -滋g/kg group(P < 0.05), there was no significant difference in the 50 -滋g/kg and 100 -滋g/kg group(P > 0.05). Conclusion:LPS could affect the SWDs of GBL-induced absence seizure in rats by shortening the latency time and elongating the duration time with dose dependence and saturation, the mechanism of which is probably related to the abnormal immunity stimulated by LPS.

Abstract:Objectives:To investigate the correlation between the rs8177412 of promoter polymorphisms in the plasma Glutathione Peroxidase(GPX-3) gene and arterial ischemic Stroke. Methods:Ninety four patients(patient group) with arterial ischemic stroke and eighty healty subjects(control group) were recruited in the study, and promoter polymorphisms of the plasma Glutathione Peroxidase(GPX-3) gene were detected using polymerase chain reaction and ligase detection reaction(PCR-LDR). Results:At rs8177412 site of the Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase(GPX-3) Promoter Gene, the frequency of TC+CC-type and the frequency of C alleles respectively were increased in the patient group than that in the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusions:There were some relationships between rs8177412 of promoter polymorphisms in the plasma glutathione peroxidase(GPX-3) gene and arterial ischemic Stroke, and they may be an important risk factor for stroke.

Abstract:Objective:To compare the liver fibrosis induced by microcapsules transplantation via portal vein(group V) and hepatic artery(group A). Methods:Thirty dogs in this experiment were randomly divided into two groups:group A(microcapsules implanted into hepatic artery by hepatic artery catheterization) and group V(microcapsules implanted into portal vein by percutaneous transhepatic approach guided by ultrasound). And three sub groups of unequal microcapsules(8 000/Kg,16 000/Kg and 32 000/Kg) were given to both group A and group V respectively, each to five dogs. The main serum liver fibrosis indexe type Ⅳ collagen(CIV) was measured before and after the transplantation. Samples of the livers were examined pathologically before and after the operation. Results:In group V, C IV elevated gradually, and the values were significantly different from the pretransplant’s(P < 0.01). In group A, CIV showed no significant difference before and after transplantation(P > 0.05). The difference between group Vn and An was significant(P < 0.01). In group V3, some pathogenic changes indicating liver fibrosis were found in the hepatic sections stained with HE at 12 weeks’ post-transplant, but none in group A, and the structure of lobule remained normal at 12 weeks’ post-transplant in the latter. Conclusion:When the quantity of microcapsules was 32 000/kg, changes of serum liver fibrosis indexes and pathological liver such as liver fibrosis could be found in group V at 12 weeks’ after transplantation, while microcapsules transplantation via hepatic artery can avoid the damage of liver. Compared with via portal vein, via hepatic artery microcapsules transplantation avoided risks of liver damage in some degree, and thus can be regarded as a relatively safe and simple approach of transplantation of islet cells into the liver.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effect of YiKang decoction on expression of leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF) in human endometrium of unexplained infertile women, and explore the possible mechanism of YiKang decoction for infertily treatment. Methods:Twenty infertile patients were treated with standard dose of YiKang decoction for two months. LIF mRNA levels in the endometrium of late luteal period were detected by RT-PCR and Real-time quantitative PCR. The protein levels and expression sites of LIF were subsequently confirmed by Immunohistochemistry(IHC). Results:The real-time quantitative PCR Ct value for LIF mRNA before and after treatment were 9.79 ± 0.91 and 4.60 ± 1.24, respectively, suggesting that the transcription level of LIF was higher after treatment(P < 0.01). IHC analysis also revealed that LIF was highly expressed at protein level(P < 0.05) and mainly seen in the cytoplasm of endometrium glandulose cells. Conclusion:These results indicated that YiKang decoction may cure the infertily through increasing expression of LIF in the endometrium.

Abstract:Objective:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of ginsenoside Rg1, Re and Rb1 in Yihechun Oral Solution. Methods:The separation was performed by gradient elution on a Shim-pack VP-ODS(150 × 4.6 mm) with the mobile phase A:acetonitrile-methyl alcohol-0.3% Phosphoric Acid solution(10 ∶ 5 ∶ 85) and the mobile phase B:acetonitrile-methyl alcohol-0.3% Phosphoric Acid solution(50 ∶ 5 ∶ 45). The monitoring wave length was set at 203 nm. Results:Ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb1 were in good linearity between 0.04 and 0.4 mg/ml. The results showed that average recovery rate were 96.0 ± 3.2%, 94.1 ± 1.6%, 96.2 ± 3.3% and stability test RSD were 1.19%-2.85%-3.17% respectively,the RSD of the replicate test were 1.56%-1.97%-3.29%, respectively. Conclusion:The HPLC method is suitable for the quality control of Yihechun Oral Solution.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) on the production of nitric oxide(NO) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC), and investigate the pathway of Pg in damaging in endothelial function. Methods: HUVEC were treated with PgATCC33277 at multiplicity of nfection(MOI)1:10,1:100 for 4,8,12,24 h respectively, nitric oxide production was assayed by measuring the accumulation of nitrite in culture supernatants; western-blot analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) was carried out; HUVEC co-coltured with Pg were observed by transmission electron microsocopy(TEM). Results:It was found that Pg can induce iNOS expression, inhibit eNOS expression and stimulate release of nitric oxide. Under TEM, it was found that Pg appeared to adhere HUVEC by fimbria and invade into HUVEC. Conclusion:The present study clearly showed that Pg adhered,invaded and existed in HUVEC, Pg induced iNOS expression, inhibited eNOS expression and stimulated release of NO. The ability of Pg to promote the production of NO may be important in the endothelial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Objective:To establish a three-dimensional finite element model for orthodontic anchorage micro-implant, and investigate the influence of different titled angles and loadings on the biomechanical characteristics of orthodontic anchorage implant-bone interface. Methods:CAD software and finite element analysis software were used to perform the finite element modeling of the micro-implant with 4 different titled angles, including 30°,45°,60° and 90°. A simulated orthodontic force, which was 0.98N(100 grams),1.96 N(200 grams),2.94 N(300 grams) and 3.92 N(400 grams) separately, was loaded mesiodistally to the mathematical models. The distributions of stress and displacement on the implant-bone interface were analyzed. Results:The neck of micro-implant was the stress concentration zone. As the titled angle and loading increased, the Von-Mises stress and displacement increased. The maximum Von-Mises stress value was 19.263 MPa and the maximum displacement value was 1.2344 μm when the implant was loaded 3.92 N(400 grams) mesiodistally in 90° angle. Conclusion:The micro-implant can be safely loaded with 3.92 N (400 grams) of mesiodistal orthodontic force under 90°angle. The decrease of the titled angle can efficaciously enhance the ability, implicating that the implant can bear a mesiodistal orthodontic force, and titled angle should be choose when the micro-implant is embedded.

Abstract:Objective:To study the significance of variance in plasma adiponectin(APN) in hypertensive patients with arrhythmia, and the relationship between plasma APN and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), c-reactive protein(CRP). Methods:The study comprised 71 hypertensive subjects who were divided into 2 groups, 35 of whom were hypertension with arrhythmia, the other were simplex hypertensive subjects. The plasma APN, BNP and CRP were determined. The relationship between them were tested. Results: Plasma APN levels significantly decreased in both hypertension with arrhythmia group[(0.977 ± 0.340)mg/L] and simplex hypertensive subjects[(1.977 ± 0.990)mg/L] than that in control[(6.451 ± 1.972)mg/L]. APN levels in hypertension with arrhythmia group significantly decreased than that in simplex hypertensive subjects. Whereas plasma BNP and CRP levels significantly increased in both hypertension with arrhythmia group and simplex hypertensive subjects. BNP and CRP levels in hypertension with arrhythmia group significantly decreased than that in simplex hypertensive subjects. In both hypertension with arrhythmia group and simplex hypertensive subjects, plasma adiponectin levels negatively correlated with BNP and CRP. Conclusion:Plasma adiponectin decreased in simplex hypertensive subjects and BNP and CRP increased. The change was more significantly in hypertension with arrhythmia group. Plasma adiponectin negatively associated with BNP and CRP. Adiponectin may be related to the occurrence and development of hypentension.

Abstract:Objective:To explorer the effect of aspirin and warfarin on prevention thrombus of paroxysmal nonvalvular atrial fibrillation(PAF). Methods:Eight hundred and seven patients with PAF were investigated, and divided into four groups. Patients were treated by Aspirin or warfarin. main destination events, secondary destination events, main bleeding events and secondary bleeding events were observed and compared. Results:Compared Aspirin group, on main destination events and secondary destination events were lower in patients with higher of risk PAF(P﹤0.05),but there were no difference on main bleeding events and secondary bleeding events(P > 0.05). Three were no different on main destination events and secondary destination events between group Aspirin and warfarin in moderate risk of PAF patients(P > 0.05),but warfarin could lower secondary destination events and total events compared with Aspirin(P﹤0.05). Conclusion:On PAF patients with higher stoke, warfarin on preventing thrombus superiored aspirin. On PAF patients with medium stoke, there were no difference between warfarin and aspirin on main events and bleeding events, but patients treated by warfarin can reduce secondary destination events.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the early development of adjacent segment after posterior fusion of lumbar. Methods:From 2004 to 2007, 21 pateints with thoracolumbar fractures were treated by pedicle fixation combined with lumbar posterior fusion as experimental group. The patients from the out-patient department without any vertebral diseases were as control group. We measured the width of ligamentum flava, small joint, and intervertebral foramen, the facet tropism and the facet angle. Results:The width of ligamnetum flavum of experiment group were increased compared with the control group. The facet tropism were bigger in experimental group than the control group. There were not statistical significance in the width of small joint and facet angle between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion:The adjacent segment were changed after lumbar posterior fusion due to the change of biomechanical force. It is very important for clinical guide to understand the changes of adjacent segment.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the long-term effect of mitomycin C combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve(AGV) implantation on the refractory glaucoma. Methods:After A GV implantation, a retrospective study of clinical effect and complications were conducted on 35 eyes from 32 patients with refractory glaucoma with one-year follow-up. Results:The long-term successful rate was 80.0%. The average IOP decreased from the preoperative(47.28 ± 13.14)mmHg to the postoperative(17.62 ± 6.42)mmHg. The complications caused by the unsuccessful operation included bleb encapsulation in 2 eyes(5.7%), flat anterior chamber in 2 eyes(5.7%), tube blockage in 2 eyes(5.7%), and exudativech roidal detachment in 1 eye(2.8%). Conclusion:Mitomycin C combined with the AGV implantation surgery may be effective and safe for treating refractory glaucoma.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the pathogen distribution and resistance in ICU of our hospital so as to provide the evidence for treatment. Methods:The bacteria and fungi were identified by API system; the sensitivity of antimicrobial agents and antifungal agents was tested by K-B and Rosco disk diffusion method; the data was analyzed by WHONET 5.4. Results:In 2007,there were 3341 specimens in our hospital including 343 specimens in ICU, and the positive rate of specimens was 7.7%. Gram-negative bacteria(70.7%) was the mains in ICU. Among the total, the rate of Nonfermenters was 46.9% and Enterobacteriaceae was 23.8%. Most of Nonfermenters were P. aeruginosa(37.3%) and Acinetobacter(7.6%). The majority of Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus. In view of the resistance, Staphylococcus species resistant to Vancomycin, while they were resistant to many other antimicrobial agents. Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae were fairly sensitive to carbapenems, cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam. Among nonfermenters, P. aeruginosa were resistant to the most antimicrobial agents while Acinetobacter were comparatively sensitive to carbapenems and cefoperazone/sulbactam. Conclusion:The pathogens in ICU have a high resistant rate to many antimicrobial agents. In view of the seriousness of this problem, we must lay enough emphasis on it and select antimicrobial agents rational.