Abstract:Spinal cord injury(SCI) is a severe trauma to the central nervous system(CNS). This article reviews recent advances in cellular transplantation to treat SCI. Transplanted cells can supply new neurons to replace injured ones, promote regeneration of axons and myelin sheath, modulate the inflammatory response, and thus promote recovery from traumatic injury of the CNS. Cellular transplantation is a promising potential method for the treatment of SCI.

Abstract:Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy(TC) is a recently described acute cardiac syndrome, which the latest cardiomyopathy classification of the European Society of Cardiology describes as an unclassified cardiomyopathy. TC mimics acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and is characterised by ischaemic chest symptoms, an elevated electrocardiogram ST-segment, and moderately increased levels of cardiac disease markers. However, patients with TC have no coronary angiogram-detectable or non-obstructive coronary arterial disease(CAD), and left ventriculography documents transient left apical and middle ventricular wall dysfunction. In this review, we describe TC and evaluate epidemiological, clinical and instrumental features, pathophysiological mechanisms, therapy and prognosis of this syndrome，with a view to raising awareness of the disease.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the expression of herg1 gene in tumor tissues from gastric carcinomas and gastric carcinoma cell lines, and study the relationship between HERG K+ channel expressions and tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Methods: RT-PCR and PCR assays were used to detect the expression of herg1 gene in 64 gastric carcinomas and the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Blocking the HERG K+ channels was used to evaluate their effects on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results:The statistically significant expression of herg1 gene was detected in all the gastric cancers and SGC-7901 cells, but not in normal tissues. The HERG K+ channel blocker, E-4031, increased the cell population in G0/G1(P < 0.05) and the number of apoptotic tumor cells(P < 0.05). Conclusion: HERG K+ channels were expressed in all gastric carcinomas tested and these channels appear to modulate tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Abstract:Objective:Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury is the leading cause of death in the world. However, the details of the mecha-nism of its pathophysiology are still unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the role of connexin 43(Cx43) in acute models of myocardial I/R injury. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to myocardial ischemia(45 min) followed by reperfusion(4 hrs) in vivo. The whole operation was monitored using a two-lead ECG. Hearts were harvested and the level of protein was assessed by western blot analysis. Haematoxylin and Eosin(HE) staining was used to detect the extent of neutrophil infiltration. The expression level of IL-6 was detected by ELISA. Results: A murine myocardial I/R injury model was constructed successfully. Phosphorylated Cx43 decreased 83.45% while non-phosphorylated Cx43 increased 1.62- fold in the myocardium after I/R injury. Neutrophil infiltration and the expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 increased in the myocardium following I/R. Conclusion: During myocardial I /R injury, cardiomyocyte Cx43 is dephosphorylated, and this may be associated with an inflammatory response.

Abstract:Objective:To explore a new natural antibiotic. Methods:The chemical composition of the essential oil from Ganoderma japonicum (G. japonicum) mycelia was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against eighteen microorganisms, including bacteria, mildew and yeast by using a disc diffusion method. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBC) of the essential oil against twelve clinical pathogens were determined. Results:The main components of the oil were nerolidol, decadienal, linalool and benzyl alcohol. The antimicrobial results indicated that the oil inhibited all the tested bacterium, especially Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in which the antibacterial activity exhibited a MBC of 1.03 mg/ml. Conclusion: The essential oil of G. japonicum mycelium has significant inhibitory activity. It is a potential medicinal resource that can be used as a natural antibiotic.

Abstract:Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Enterococcus faecalis FK-23(FK-23) on the immune function in mice. Methods:Mice were treated with three doses of the FK-23(0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.6 g/kg body weight) for 30 days. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), monocyte phagocytic function, serum hemolysis antibody and natural killer cell activity were studied. Results:The significant increases in mice treated with 0.6 g/kg bw were found in DTH, phagocytic function of monocyte, serum hemolysis antibody and natural killer cell activity. Conclusion:The results from the present study suggest that FK-23 could improve both specific and non-specific immune function.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of topical imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of uncomplicated infantile hemangiomas(IHs). Methods: A total of 68 IHs were treated with topical imiquimod 5% cream. Among them, 36 were superficial, 22 were mixed, and 10 were deep. The size of IHs ranged from 1.0 cm×1.5 cm to an area of a whole forearm. All the hemangiomas were in a proliferative stage. Imiquimod was applied 3 times weekly in 44 patients and 5 times weekly in 24 patients for up to 36 weeks. Results: All superficial IHs improved, and 18 achieved complete clinical resolution, 10 had excellent improvement, 5 showed moderate improvements, and 3 patients displayed minimal improvement. Two mixed IHs showed excellent improvement, 3 showed moderate improvement and 5 mani-fested minimal improvements. The remaining 12 mixed IHs and all deep IHs did not respond to the therapy. The total incidence of local adverse events was 58.82%(40/68), which included erythema or edema, local itching, incrustation or peeling, erosion or ulceration, although most of these were mild to moderate reactions and did not affect the treatment. Scarring occurred in 2 mixed IHs. No systemic side effects developed. Conclusion: Imiquimod 5% cream may be a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of superficial IHs and some mixed IHs in which the superficial component predominates. An appropriate treatment duration for proliferative IHs treated with this therapy may be 24 weeks. Some local adverse events, such as crusting and erosion with possible scarring potential may occur and should be addressed by prompt, but temporary, discontinuation of the imiquimod. Topical imiquimod 5% cream can be prudently used in the treatment of IHs larger than 5.0 cm×5.0 cm in newborns and infants less than 6 months of age. To our knowledge, this is the largest IH group treated with imiquimod that has been reported in the literature to date.

Abstract:Recently, with the extensive application of traditional Chinese medicine injections(TCMI), it has caused more and more negative impact. So people pay more attention to the safety problem of TCMI. The article described the usage of TCMI, analysised the adverse reaction of TCMI, studied at the factors which had effect on TCMI safety in production, storage, usage and direction, proposed the strategy of TCMI safety with the perspective of management.

Abstract:As a migrant worker, Zhang Haichao sufferred from lung surgery in order to diagnose pneumoconiosis at the risk of losing life. This incident drew the social attention on the issue of rights protection of migrant workers who had suffered from occupational diseases. Rights of migrant workers in China are faced with long process and high cost in the process of searching help. The reason include imperfect law, the lack of identification of the regulatory agencies, as well as lack of social security. To resolve the difficulties migrant workers are confronted with, we must improve the relevant laws, develop the industrial injury insurance system and strengthen the role of government－led, in order to protect the rights of migrant workers.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of the second generation argon plasma coagulation(VIO APC) in the ablation of Barrett’s Esophagus. Methods:A total of 35 patients with uncomplicated Barrett’s esophagus entered into a prospective, randomized, unblinded study comparing the treatment VIO APC combined with a proton pump inhibiter with a proton pump inhibiter administered alone. VIO APC was performed at a power setting of 40W, and argon gas flow at 1.5-2.0 L/min, and“forced”mode. Ablative treatment was repeated until either no Barrett’s epithelium remained or a maximum of 5 treatment sessions occurred. Results:In the ablation group, macroscopic complete ablation was achieved in 14 of 18 patients, and complete ablation confirmed by histology in 12 of 18 patients(P < 0.01). Buried glands were observed in 2 patients who had achieved macroscopic ablation. The Barrett’s mucosa averaged a reduction of 65%(range 50-75%) in the remaining 4 patients. In the control group, only 2 patients had partial regression, median 30%(range 20-40%). In the ablation group, post-treatment 4 patients had transient retrosternal pain, and 3 patients had mild epigastric discomfort. One patient had a small hemorrhage during the procedure, which ceased after norepinephrine and thrombosin were administered through the endoscope biopsy channel. No adverse events were observed in the control group. During 11.8(4-15) months follow-up, patients who had achieved the complete ablation have no evidence of relapse of Barrett’s esophagus. Conclusion:VIO APC with a relatively low power setting can effectively ablate the Barrett’s mucosa. No severe adverse events were observed. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess cancer prevention and the durability of the neo-squamous epithelium.

Abstract:This article expounded the conception and characteristics of sudden public health emergencies, and analyzed the social mentality such as hypochondriasis, panic, anxiety, blahs, compulsion, then put forward establishing the social psychological support system including the constitution of risk communication,exertion of main medium function, establishment of specialized emergency disposal system, improvement of cogitative model, and enhancement of interpersonal interaction.

Abstract:Objective: To learn the status of tobacco use, and the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among female students in Bengbu Medical College. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, questionnaires were completed by 634 female students in the medical college in 2007, including the prevalence of current smoking, their knowledge of the effects of tobacco use on health, and attitudes towards the smoking behaviors of young women. Results: Only 6.9% of female medical students were former smokers, and 4.9% of them were current smokers. There was no significant difference in the current smoking rate among the students from each department surveyed. Female students from urban areas were more likely to be current or attempted smokers than those from rural areas. The proportion of the students who were aware of the health risks of smoking was less than 45%. The students from the Department of Nursing had more knowledge regarding the harmful health effects of smoking than those from the other departments. There was no significant difference in attitudes towards the smoking behaviors of young women among the students from each department. Compared with female students from rural areas, the female students from urban areas were significantly more likely to think that a young woman who smoked was cool, mature and charming. Conclusion: The smoking prevalence of the female students in Bengbu Medical College is high. They are not aware of the smoking related risks and have erroneous beliefs and perceptions about female smoking behaviors.

Abstract:Objective:To identify and isolate CD133 positive cancer stem-like cells (CD133+ cells) from the highly invasive human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(MHCC97H), and examine their potential for clonogenicity and tumorigenicity. Methods: CD133+ and CD133- cells were isolated from MHCC97H cell line by magnetic bead cell sorting(MACS), and the potentials of CD133+ cells for colony formation and tumorigenicity were evaluated by soft agar cloning and tumor formation following nude mice inoculation. Results:CD133+ cells represent a minority(0.5-2.0%) of the tumor cell population with a greater colony-forming efficiency and greater tumor production ability. The colony-forming efficiency of CD133+ cells in soft agar was significantly higher than CD133- cells(36.8±1.4 vs 12.9±0.8, P ＜0.05). After 6 weeks, 3/5 mice inoculated with 1×103 CD133+ cells, 4/5 with 1×104 CD133+ cells and 5/5 with 1×105 CD133+ cells developed detectable tumors at the injection site, while only one tumor was found in mice treated with same numbers of CD133- cells. Conclusion: CD133 may be a hallmark of liver cancer stem cells (CSC) in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), because the CD133+ cells identified and isolated with anti-CD133 labeled magnetic beads from MHCC97H cell line exhibit high potentials for clonogenicity and tumorigenicity. These CD133+ cells might contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis, as well as the growth and recurrence of human HCC, and therefore may be a useful target for anti-cancer therapy.

Abstract:The turning point of Mao Zedong’s perspectives on national capitalism is the focus in academic domains. There had been some differences about it. The development of the turning point suffered a process from the JIUYUE－Meeting to the policy of utlizating and restricting. At last, Mao Zedong had changed his view on the national capitalism, and thought it being extinguished in the Three－Antis and Five－Antis movement.

Abstract:Objective:The use of a combination of tumor markers may be an important tool in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, which is the key to improving prognosis. The study aim was to investigate the diagnostic value of carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) levels in patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods:An immunoradiometric assay was used to homochronously measure the serum CA19-9 and CEA levels in 78 pancreatic cancer cases and 64 healthy examinees in hospital. The normal reference values were CA19-9(0-39 U/ml) and CEA(0-3.4 ng/ml). Results: Mean serum CA19-9 and CEA levels in patients with pancreatic cancer(406.55±60.18 U/ml, 12.43±1.25 ng/ml) were significantly higher(P < 0.01) than those in healthy examinees(16.54±1.95 U/ml, 2.37±0.17 ng/ml). The sensitivity of the combined detection of CA19-9 and CEA (92.31%) was significantly higher(P < 0.05) than that of either marker alone(79.49%, 71.79%, respectively). In addition, the sensitivity to diagnose pancreatic cancer by detecting the serum CA19-9 and CEA levels was higher(P < 0.05) in stage ⅡB + Ⅲ + Ⅳ(87.04%, 79.23%) than stageⅠ+ⅡA(62.50%, 54.17%). Conclusion: The combined detection of CA19-9 and CEA could overcome the deficiency of using single marker detection by improving the sensitivity to diagnose pancreatic cancer. At the same time, CA19-9 and CEA detection could be used to assess mesenteric artery invasion and the metastasis of lymphatics and distant organs in pancreatic cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To assess the effects of lightwand and laryngoscopic intubation techniques in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods: 300 ASA physical status I and II patients, undergoing LC, were randomly assigned to two groups, with 150 cases in each group. Patients in the LS group underwent endotracheal intubation using a standard direct-suspension laryngoscopic technique. Patients in the LW group were intubated by using transillumination with a lightwand. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction, and at 1, 3 and 5 min after intubation. The incidence and of sore throat, hoarseness, and dysphagia was assessed twenty-four hours after surgery. Results: This study demonstrated no clinically significant difference in cardiovascular variables between the two techniques. Patients had a significantly lower incidence of sore throat, hoarseness, and dysphagia when the lightwand was used for intubation. Conclusion: This study suggests that lightwand intubation may decrease the incidence of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness, and dysphagia, thereby potentially increasing satisfaction in surgical patients. Therefore, more frequent use of the lightwand is recom-mended for endotracheal intubation.

Abstract:Nowadays, plastic surgery has become a hot topic. The article reviewed the fashion consumption of plastic surgery of the female white－collar in Fuzhou city by the questionnaire survey and case interviews, and further analysised the results of empirical investigate by sociological theory. The author hoped that the research would be able to describe the general outlines of the status, the wishes, disturbing factors and the motivations of urban female white－collar with consumption of plastic surgery.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the method and effect of nephron-sparing surgery in the treatment of small renal cell carcinoma. Methods: From August 1997 to October 2008, 48 cases of small renal cell carcinomas were confirmed by surgery and pathology, and reviewed retrospectively. Of the 48 cases, there was 1 patient with bilateral tumors, 8 with solitary kidney tumors, 1 with unilateral tumor and a damaged contralateral kidney, and 38 with unilateral tumors and a normal contralateral kidney; 9 underwent tumor enucleation and the remaining patients received partial nephrectomy. Results:There were no local tumor recurrences and/or tumor metastasis at a mean follow--up of 60 months. Conclusion: Confirming conclusions from other centers, we have found that nephron-sparing surgery is an effective treatment for small renal cell carcinomas.

Abstract:Under conventional medical negligence framework, as an indication of extraprofessional’s respect for medical profession, medical judgment has played an important, even decisive role in the lawsuit. Informed consent law provides a distinctive context, different from that of diagnosis and treatment. The patient－oriented standard of disclosure suggests that the focus of law has shifted from experts to patients. The analysis of medical judgment also indicates that medical judgment only has value in the context of appreciating medical information and invoking“therapeutic privilege”, the materiality of risk information is for layperson knowledge and human judgment. Careful definition of“therapeutic privilege” will inevitably further diminish the role of medical judgment.

Abstract:Primary germinoma in the spinal cord is very rare. Preoperative diagnosis is important because germinomas are sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy so that treatment trends and prognosis differ from other intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Preoperative radiologic diagnosis is very difficult because of this rarity. In this case a 22-year-old woman with a 4-month history of gradual numbness and weakness of both lower extremities was found to have a solid tumor in the thoracic cord between the T9 and T11 vertebral bodies. No other neoplastic lesion was found inside or outside the central nervous system. The patient underwent surgery, and the intramedullary lesion was almost totally resected. Serum HCG was elevated postoperatively without pregnancy. The pathological diagnosis was conclusively that of a germinoma. The previous 23 cases of primary spinal cord germinoma were reviewed for comparison.

Abstract:The Phenergan whose label had been approved by FDA caused a patient amputated. Heated debats on the preemption issues between FDA and State Tort Court, and about government supervision and drug infringement remedy were under way. According to the CBE regulation, there was no preemption issue, however, the arguement concerning that played an important role in the study on relationship not only between Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act and State Tort Law, but also between government supervision and infringement remedy.

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the implementation, effects, problems and causes in present medical hygienic material bidding and purposing system in order to propose a solution. Methods: Comparison and analysis were employed to compare and analyze the data before and after the bidding system was adopted in Nanjing. Expert advice and interviews with relevant personnel also were taken into account. Results: The increasing use of medical hygienic materials was closely related to the fast-growing use of high-quality consumable materials. Part of the materials’ price was markedly reduced between the year of 2003 and 2007 when carrying out the policy of medical hygienic materials bidding and purchasing in Nanjing. Conclusion: The orientation of policy in medical hygienic material bidding and purchasing is right, but the system remains to be further improved.

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the influence of health education on the therapy effectiveness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) by evidence-based nursing. Methods: Correlative literature was searched from main medical database. Studies were brought into this research according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was used in eight aspects including the numbers of treatment compliance,grade of SGRQ,pulmonary function test,mastery of knowledge,hospital days, number of admissions, treatment visits and six-minute of walk test. Results: It showed significant differences in numbers of treatment compliance,grade of SGRQ, pulmonary function test(FEV1/FVC%)and hospital days between the health education group and control group, but no significant differences in other aspects. Conclusion: The health education is good for the patients and their families to a certain extent. It is necessary to do further studies on health education for improvement.

Abstract:Objective: To understand how proficiently in-school female medical university students grasp knowledge of reproductive health, learn their attitudes, behaviors and demands related, so as to provide relatively reliable evidence to educators and education administrators. Methods: Questionnaires were used to investigate 1 858 in-school female students from grade one to grade three in a medical university,using cluster sampling method. Results: The survey showed that in-school female medical university students had some knowledge about reproductive health. But only 14.8% knew “subdermal implants” as a common conception control and only 16% understood non-gonococcal urethritis as a venereal disease. 4.1% had sex experiences and 7.2% had masturbatory experiences. More than 50% were in favor of premarital sex, and 19.4% took relatively liberal attitudes towards sex. 95.7% agreed that it was necessary to undertake reproductive health education to university students. Conclusion: In-school female medical university students have less than systematic and comprehensive knowledge about reproductive health, but take relatively liberal attitudes towards sex, and show eagerness for more knowledge about reproductive health. Thus we should conduct in-school reproductive health education in a variety of ways.

Abstract:The government bears the responsibility to ensure and promote people’s demand on healthcare services. As the state-owned non-profit medical institutions, public hospitals always play a significant role in providing a platform for the realization of such responsibility. In this article,research and discussions were made on the implementing patterns and mechanism of this government responsibility through public hospitals.

Abstract:Moral education with its ecological nature, is a complete and organic structure. From the logical starting point, the article proposed that the moral education research should have ecological nature itself, rather than be confined to any particular discipline perspective. The authors believed that the important approach to resolve the current moral crisis and moral dilemma was multi-faceted, such as beginning with ecological integrity, multi-disciplinary perspective from the ethics, education, sociology and psychology, system construction of support system, operating system, environmental system and transformation system. The comprehensive analysis of moral education should help to built up a multi-disciplinary research field of moral education ecosystem.

Abstract:Zhu Yong-chun’s Zhuzi Parental Instruction is widely prevalent in the Chinese history. In the modern world of multi-culture, the thoughts of Zhuzi Parental Instruction must have a positive practical significance to the college students on habitual education, thanksgiving education and psychological education.

Abstract:This article, starting with the relationship between the tacit knowledge and innovative ability, made effort to explore the importance of tacit knowledge as well as its realization in the cultivation of innovative ability in medical talents, and presented the recommendations to promote the tutoring system, establish innovation-oriented study group and enforce practical teaching.

Abstract:College students associations have become main area in construction of campus culture. The culture of associations have the irreplaceable role for the building of harmonious campus. The construction of college students associations should make position accurately, guide scientifically, take care of students, demonstrate harmony, and overcome the negative factors continually to play its role. Meanwhile student society should do to protect the diversity of the organization, highlight the main body of the students, show the equality and an open mind. These mentioned above could provide scientific concept, cultural core, system protection, and a good cultural ecology for harmonious campus.

Abstract:Clinical diagnosis procedure is a course from symptom to disease, which emphasizes symptomatology and medical students are required to take some conserned diseases into account according such symptom with expanding and converse diagnosis thought. This article discussed the necessity and how to develop medical students’ expanding and converse diagnosis thought.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of Prostaglandin E2 on expression of E-Cadherin in HepG2 cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods:HepG2 cells were transfected with PCDNA3-COX-2; HepG2 cells were treated with Prostaglandin E2 and PI-3K inhibitor LY294002. Western blotting was employed to detect E-cadherin expression and the expression of p-Akt. E-cadherin mRNA levels were examined by reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR). Results:COX-2 plasmid transfected HepG2 cells show greatly decreased level of E-cadherin expression. when HepG2 cells were treated with different concentration of PGE2 for 24 h, the expression level of E-cadherin was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. When treated with 20 μmol/L PGE2 for 24 h,48 h and 72h, the level of E-cadherin mRNA was decreased in a time-dependent manner. By using PI-3K inhibitor LY294002, we found LY294002 could partially block the effect of PGE2 on E-cadherin expression. Akt phosphorylation level was remarkably increased in HepG2 cells when treated with PGE2, and reached the highest level at 15 minutes. Conclusion:Prostaglandin E2 can repress E-cadherin expression in HepG2 cells, which is probably related to the Akt signal transduction pathway.

Abstract:Objective:To investegate whether codon optimization of middle hepatitis B surface antigen could enhance the immunogenicity of HBV DNA vaccine. Methods:According to the sequence of amino acids of MHBs(adr subtype), the codon optimized genes were designed and synthesized without changing the sequence of amino acids and then cloned into vector pSW3891, which was named pSW3891/MHBs/adr/opt. 293T cells were transiently transfected with opt and wild-type MHBs DNA vaccine(pSW3891/MHBs/adr) and empty vector pSW3891. The protein expression level was assessed by western blot. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly injected with opt, adr or pSW3891. Anti-HBs in sera was tested by ELISA. IFN-γsecretion splenocytes of mice immunized with opt, adr and pSW3891 were tested by ELISPOT. Results:The level of protein expression in both supernatant and lysate of 293T cells transfected with opt is higher than that in 293T cells transfected with adr. The BALB/c mice immunized with opt showed stronger anti-HBs response and more IFN-γsecretion splenocytes than those immunized with adr. Conclusion:Codon optimization of MHBs DNA vaccine could improve protein expression and induce significant humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice.

Abstract:Objective:To further explore the regulatory role of the spermatic nerves in spermatogenesis by investigating effects of testicular denervation on sexual hormone levels. Methods:Forty-eight adult SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operated group(SO), superior spermatic nerve-removed group(SSN), inferior spermatic nerve-removed group(ISN) and superior and inferior nerve-removed group(SSN+ISN). Blood samples were obtained from the retro-orbital sinus before operation and on postoperative Day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28. The levels of serum testosterone(T), luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin(PRL) and estrogen(E2) were measured by RIA. Results:Serum testosterone levels dramatically decreased(P < 0.05) in all groups on postoperative Day 1, and on Day 7. The T levels of SO group returned to normal,while those of the denervated rats did not despite some increase(P < 0.05). From 14 Day on, testosterone concentrations underwent progressive decline in the denervated groups(P < 0.05), with those of SSN+ISN group significantly lower than SSN group or ISN group(P < 0.05). Serum LH concentrations were markedly elevated(P < 0.05) in all rats one day after surgery. One week later,the LH values of SO group dropped to the preoperative levels, whereas those of the denervated groups continuously increased and the LH levels of SSN+ISN group were higher than SSN group or ISN group(P < 0.05). A pronounced rise of plasma FSH were detected in all groups one day following operation(P < 0.05) and decline to the normal range occurred on Day 7. Testicular denervation also resulted in a striking rise of serum PRL(P < 0.05) and a sharp drop of E2(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The spermatic nerves may exert its modulatory effects on spermatogenesis partly via regulating sexual hormone levels.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) transactivative transcription protein(Tat) on Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV) infecting SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells(SK cells). Methods:After co-culturing body cavity-based lymphoma 1[BCBL-1, originated from primary effusion lymphoma(PEL)] cells and SK cells, the cytopathic effect(CPE) of SK cells was observed and the replication of KSHV in SK cells was detected by Real-time PCR. SK cells were transfected with recombinant plasmid Tat+pcDNA3.1(+) and empty vector pcDNA3.1(+), respectively. The stably transfected cell clones were obtained through G418 screening. The expression of Tat in SK cells was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot. Real-time PCR were further performed to evaluate the expression of KSHV lytic cycle genes ORF50 and ORF26 mRNA after co-culturing BCBL-1 cells with SK-Tat or SK-vector cells. Results:After SK and BCBL-1 cells co-culture, CPE appeared in SK cells and KSHV ORF50 mRNA was expressed in SK cells. The specific band of Tat appeared as expected both in RT-PCR and Western blot detection. Real-time PCR showed that Tat decreased the expression of KSHV ORF50 and ORF26 mRNA. Conclusion:Preliminary research indicated that Tat might inhibit KSHV lytic cycle replication in SK cells during cell co-culture.

Abstract:Objective:To clone and express the ORF50 truncated genes and the full length vIL-6 gene of human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8 ) in E.coli, and purify vIL-6/GST fusion protein. Methods:Three pairs of PCR primers were designed according to 3’ends of ORF50 gene encoding C-terminal amino acids(aa 525-691, aa 513-660, aa 541-691), and a pair of PCR primers was also designed according to the full length vIL-6 gene. The DNA of plasmid pcDNA3.1+ORF50 or pcDNA3.1+vIL-6 was taken as a template, and the genes were amplified using PCR. Subsequently, amplified gene fragments were digested with the restriction enzymes and then cloned into pGEX-6p-1 with proper reading frame to create recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmids designated as pORF50-C1,pORF50-C2,pORF50-C3 and pvIL-6. After identification with enzyme digestion and nucleotide sequences analysis, the recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmids were transformed into host BL21(DE3) cells. The GST fusion protein expression was induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG). The vIL-6 fusion protein was purified by chromatography Glutathione Sepharose 4B. The expression and the purification of the fusion proteins were detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results:The isolated sequences were 100% homology with the aimed genes registered in GenBank. The fusion proteins could be detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot as expected. Conclusion:The ORF50 truncated genes and the full length vIL-6 gene were correctly expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3)cells. The vIL-6/GST fusion protein was successfully purified.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the expression and distribution of β-galactosidase in the central nervous system(CNS) of adult ROSA26 mouse. Methods:X-Gal histochemistry combined with Nissl’s or immunohistochemistry double-staining was performed to localize β-gal activity in the ROSA26 mouse CNS. Results:X-Gal histochemistry staining showed that transgenic β-gal reaction products were throughout the central nervous system, but mainly located at the grey matter. X-Gal and Nissl’s double-staining showed that β-gal expressed in neurons, ependymal cells and choroid plexus cells. X-Gal histochemistry combined with immunohistochemistry further revealed that β-galactosidase was ubiquitous expression in neurons except astrocytes. Conclusion:β-gal is extensively and stably expressed in the ROSA26 mouse CNS. This transgenic line may be useful in nerve cell culture, transplantation and other neurobiological studies.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the role of Bmi-1 in preventing skin aging in mice. Methods:The phenotype of skin was compared between wild-type and Bmi-1 gene knock-out mice at 2 and 4 weeks of ages by histology, immunohistochemistry and Western-blot,respectively. Results:Bmi-1 gene knock-out mice displayed a premature aging phenotype in skin including thinner skin with hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, reduced collagen and subcutaneous fat deposition in skin matrix. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunopositive cells in skin were decreased significantly in Bmi-1 gene knock-out mice compared to their wild-type littermates. The expression of cell cycle dependent kinase inhibitive factors including p16,p19 and p27 was up-regulated markedly in skin from Bmi-1 gene knock-out mice. Conclusion:Bmi-1 plays an important role in preventing skin aging by inhibiting the expression of cell cycle dependent kinase inhibitive factors and stimulating cell proliferation.

Abstract:Objective:To develop a mouse model of acute hepatitis B virus infection and observe lentiviral vectors(LVs) with small interfering RNAs-mediated inhibition of HBV replication and expression in the model. Methods:Thirty-six Balb/c mice were randomly divided into three groups(n = 12,each). ①Negative control group(NC group):the model of acute hepatitis B virus infection were established by administrating pTHBV2(the eukaryotic expression vectors which contain HBV genome informations) through tail-vein; ②experimental group(E group): pTHBV2 and pWPT-HBV-siRNA1(the lentivirus with siRNA1 aimed directly at HBV S-sector) were administrated through tail-vein; ③independence group(I group): pTHBV2 and pWPT- HBV-siRNA2(the lentivirus with siRNA2 which didn’t aim at HBV) were administrated by the same method. The serum and liver tissue were collected on the fourth and seventh days respectively. ELISA method was used to detect HBV surface antigen(HBsAg) in serum; RT-PCR was selected to detect HBV S-mRNA level in hepatic tissue. Intracellular HBV core antigen(HBcAg) and HBsAg were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results:In contrast with NC group, serum HBsAg level in E group was decreased by 89.76% and 94.81% on the fourth and the seventh days, respectively(P < 0.01);Liver tissue HBV S-mRNA level, intracellular HBcAg and HBsAg levels were also depressed obviously(P < 0.05); whereas serum HBsAg, tissue HBV S-mRNA,intracellular HBcAg and HBsAg levels didn’t differ significantly between NC group and I group(P > 0.05). Conclusion:Based on the results of this experiment, LVs with siRNAs could remarkably inhibit the replication and expression of HBV in vivo, which augmented from the fourth day to the seventh day.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of the intestinal ischemic preconditioning on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods:Thirty SD rats were divided into three groups randomly:sham-operated group(Sham group), ischemia-reperfusion group(IR group:produced by total inflow occlusion for 30 min),and remote ischemic preconditioning group(RIPC group:induced with superior mesenteric artery occlusion before HIRI by 10 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion). Markers of liver and intesine injury and TNF-α,ICAM-1 in liver were measured after reperfusion for 120 min. Results:IR group was associated with increased serum aminotransferases(ALT,AST), MPO activity endotoxin and the pathological injury scores. Meanwhile,in liver tissue TNF-α and ICAM-1 expression were high when IR only. There was significant improvement in these variables in RIPC group. Conclusion:RIPC of the intestine reduced HIRI which may depend on the decrease of pro-inflammatory and activity of neutrophils.

Abstract:Objective:To construct a single chain MHC-epitope tetramers for detecting epitope specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte. Motheds:The C terminus of β2m fusing with extracellular domains of HLA A0201 was connected with a accessional BirA substrate peptide by a linker through restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. Results:Expression of the recombinant in a pET systerm as inclusion body was followed by refolded in the presence of the antigenic peptide. After biotinylization of the MHC-peptide complex, the tetramers was obtained by the coupling of a fluorchrome conjugated streptavidin with the complex. Conclusion:The novel method of constitution of tetramers was more efficient than the old labor-consuming one.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of intra-spleen injection with immature dendritic cells on donor-specific tolerance in rats receiving intestinal transplantation. Methods:DCs were collected from bone marrow progenitor cells of rats cultured with GM-CSF in vitro. The DCs were harvested after six-day culture and the expression of co-stimulation molecular and MHC-Ⅱwas detected. Severn days before transplantation of small intestinal from F344 donors, donor-derived DCs(2 × 106) were injected into either the peripheral vein(group C) or the spleen(group D). Normal saline was injected through either the peripheral vein(group A) or the spleen(group B) before transplantation. Small intestinal transplantation was performed and the survival rate of recipients was observed. Histological examination was done and apoptosis death of infiltrating cells in allografts was analyzed. Results:The survival of recipients in group D was(17.50 ± 1.05)days, which was significantly longer than that in group A[(7.17 ± 1.17)days],B[(7.33 ± 1.51)days] and C[(12.83 ± 2.79)days] respectively(P < 0.05). The degree of the inflammatory infiltrated cells and intestinal mucosa structural injury of mucosa in group D were alleviated significantly compared with that in group A,B and C. Conclusion:The intra-spleen injection of modified immature dendritic cells can induce immune tolerance and prolong the survival of rat small bowel allografts.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the effect of immue-enhancing enteral nutrients together with enteral microeco-pharmaceutics nutrition in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy surgery. Methods:Sixty gastric cancer patients were randomly divided into EN group(n = 15), EMN group(n = 15), EIN group(n = 15), and EMIN group(n = 15). Nitrogen balance, nutritional status, immune function, exhaust time and intestinal flora status were compared among the 4 groups. Results:The level of IgG, IgA and the quantity of Bacillus bifidus and Bacterium lacticum in intestinal canal is much higher in EIN group compare with those in EN group(P < 0.05). The level of the quantity of Bacillus coli and coccobacillus is much lower in EIN group compare with that in EN group in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy surgery(P < 0.05). The level of IgG, IgA and the quantity of Bacillus bifidus and Bacterium lacticum in intestinal canal is much higer in EMN group compare with that in EN group(P < 0.05). The level of the quantity of Bacillus coli and coccobacillus is much lower in EMN group compare with that in EN group in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy surgery(P < 0.05). The level of total protein, albumin, prealbumin, IgG, IgA, IgM, CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8, the nitrogen balance index and the quantity of Bacillus coli and coccobacillus in intestinal cana is muche higer in EMIN group compare with those in EN group(P < 0.05). The level of the quantity of Bacillus bifidus and Bacterium lacticum in intestinal canal is much lower in EMIN group compare with that in EN group in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy surgery(P < 0.05). The level of total protein, albumin, prealbumin, IgG, IgA, IgM, CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8, nitrogen balance index, the quantity of Bacillus bifidus and Bacterium lacticum in intestinal canal in EMIN group, is much higher than than that in EMN and EIN groups while the quantity of Bacillus coli and coccobacillus in EMIN group is much lower than that in EMN and EIN groups in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy surgery(P < 0.05). The level of total protein, albumin, prealbumin, IgM, CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8, negative nitrogen balance index in EN group, EIN group and the group EMN three groups was no significant difference in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy surgery(P > 0.05). Conclusion:Supported by the combination of enteral microecopharmaceutics nutrition and immue-enhancing enteral nutrients in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy surgery, the level of metabolic and immunologic status is much higer, compared with the use of a separate intestinal immune eco-nutrition or microecopharmaceutics nutrition.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the effects of lipopolysaccharides(LPS) of different concentrations on the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). Methods:Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) were isolated from wild and TLR4 gene deletion mice respectively by method of differential adherence to plastic, and their phenotypical properties were analyzed in passage 3-6 by flowcytometer. Flowcytometry showed that MSCs were CD34-,CD45- and CD105+-CD29+-CD44+. MSCs isolated from wild mice were treated with LPS of different concentrations(0.1,1.0,5.0,10.0,20.0 -滋g/ml). MSCs proliferation was detected by CCK-8(Cell Count Kit-8) co-cultured method at 24 h and 48 h respectively. In addition, MSCs isolated from TLR4 gene deletion mice incorpted with LPS 1.0 -滋g/ml were used to explore the possible mechanism of promoting MSCs proliferation. Results:Low dose LPS(0.1~5.0 -滋g/ml) strikingly improved the proliferation of MSCs in vitro(P < 0.05). The stimulation with LPS 5.0 -滋g/ml reached maximum effects on MSCs proliferation. While the concentration of LPS was further increased more than 5.0 -滋g/ml, the improvement effects on MSCs proliferation showed a tendency to decline, but the effect at 20.0 -滋g/ml was still greater than those in control group(P > 0.05). There was no significant effects on the proliferation of MSCs isolated from TLR4 gene deletion mice induced by LPS. Conclusion:The present study revealed that LPS could improve the proliferation of MSCs through TLR4, and the mechanism might activate the Toll -like receptor4 pathway

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the antioxidative effect of Rosmarinic acid on kidney of mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO). Methods:Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:Sham-operated group(n = 8), UUO model group (UUO model was established by ligating the left ureter, n = 24) and UUO+RA group(UUO model mice were treated with RA, n = 24). The latter 2 groups were divided into 3 subgroups according to times(3d, 7d and 14d) after intervention(n = 8). Mice underwent UUO were killed at 3, 7, 14 days. The time course of injurious process in mice with UUO were examined by histopathology; Western Blotting of Vimentin as well as E-cadherin were measured; Malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD) contents in the homogenized lysate of obstructive renal cortex were determined. Results:Compared with those in Sham-operated group, from 3 to 14 day, injury of renal interstitum exacerbated gradually in UUO model group, Vimentin and MDA increased significantly, E-cadherin and SOD decreased significantly. Compared with those in UUO model group, Vimentin, E-cadherin, SOD and MDA showed no significant difference in UUO+RA group on 3d; Vimentin and MDA decreased, E-cadherin and SOD increased, renal interstitial fibrosis attenuated in UUO+RA group on 7d, till 14d. Conclusion:Rosmarinic acid may attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis in mice underwent UUO by reducing lipid peroxidation production and improving antioxidative enzyme contents.

Abstract:Objective:To construct and prepare the recombinant adenovirus vector co-expressing the axonal attractant netrin-1 and report gene EGFP as preparation for later use for genetic transfection. Methods:The netrin-1 was cloned by RT-PCR and the then subcloned into shuttle vector pDC316-CMV which carries the report gene EGFP. Subsequently, this newly constructed plasmid pDC316-netrin, after identification by nuclease digestion analysis and sequencing analysis, was transfected into human embryonic kidney cells HEK293 by lipofectamine 2000 mediation, together with adenovirus-packaging plasmid pBHGlox_E1.3Cre. Based on homologous recombination of two plasmids within HEK293 cells, the recombinant adenovirus vector carrying netrin-1, Ad5-netrin-CMV-EGFP, was created. Ad5-netrin-CMV-EGFP was subsequently identified by PCR, purified using repeated plaque passages, proliferated using freezing and melting with HEK293 cells, and titrated using 50% Tissue Culture Infective Dose(TCID50) assay. Results:The newly constructed recombinant adenovirus carrying rat netrin-1 was confirmed by PCR, and its titration value determined by TCID50 assay was 5.2 × 109pfu/ml. The positivity rate of adenovirus infected cells was over 40%. Conclusion:The recombinant adenovirus carrying rat netrin-1 was successfully constructed. The newly constructed can produce sufficiently high titration value with HEK293 cells, providing a reliable tool for genetic transfection in further gene therapy researches.

Abstract:Objective:To study the expression of VDR protein in the femurs of offsprings whose mothers were deficient of vitamin D. Methods:Thirty-six adult female SD rats were chosen and divided randomly into the control group(18 rats) and model group(18 rats).The control group was received vitamin D fodder with normal solarization and the model group received non-vitamin D fodder without solarization for 2 weeks. Then the female rats in two groups copulated with the male normal rats. The left femurs were collected from the 20-day embryos and the 1-day and 7-day newborns. VDR protein expression was measured by Western blotting. Results:The VDR protein expression of the model group was lower than the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The change of expression of VDR protein was due to vitamin D deficiency during the pregnancy, which may be the reason of offsprings’ skeletal deformity.

Abstract:Objective:To observe phenomenon of Molt-4 cell apoptosis induced by TNF-αand expression of cyclin B1, and investigate the receptor-mediated apoptosis mechanism. Methods:Exponentially growing human leukemia cell lines(Molt-4) were treated with TNF-α. Method of API was used to detect the apoptosis, and method of western blot was applied to illustrate expression of cyclin B1. Results:Molt-4 cells which were treated by TNF-α went to apoptosis. Apoptosis was in G1-phase, and the expression of cyclin B1 was observed in G1-phase. Conclusion:Cell apoptosis induced by TNF-α was closely related to cell cycle and presented cell-cycle-specificity. The expression of cyclin B1 increased in G1-phase, which may be related to cell apoptosis in G1.

Abstract:Objective:To determine the optimal strategy for the use of glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa(Gp Ⅱb/Ⅲa) inhibitors in patients with high-risk acute coronary syndromes(ACS) receiving an early invasive treatment. Methods:One hundred and sixty-two patients with high-risk ACS undergoing early percutaneous coronary syndromes were assigned to receive either routine upstream(n = 82) or deferred selective(n =80) Gp Ⅱb/Ⅲa inhibitor treatment. The authors evaluated the effects of two strategies on tissue-level perfusion using the TIMI myocardial perfusion grade(TMPG) before and immediately after PCI. Blooding complications and the 30 day composite end point events were also evaluated. Results:Among all the total 162 patients, the TMPG 0-1 perfusion were observed in 65 patients(40.1%). The TMPG 0-1 perfusion was significantly less frequent in routine upstream treatment(n = 27) than in deferred selective group(n = 38) before PCI(32.9% vs 47.5%, respectively; P < 0.05). No differences were seen both in 30 day composite end point events and bleeding complications. Conclusion:Among high-risk ACS patients treated with an early invasive strategy, routine upstream use of Gp Ⅱb/Ⅲa inhibitors is associated with tissue-level perfusion improved and without bleeding complications increased.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of intravenous injection of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure by non-invasive cardiac output monitor. Methods:Eighty-one consecutive patients who suffered from acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure were divided into standard therapy plus rhBNP group(n = 38, 1.5 μg/kg bolus intravenous injection followed by 0.0075 μg/(kg·min) for following 48 hours) and standard therapy group(n = 43). The hemodynamic parameters were monitored by USCOM at baseline, and 0.5,1,3,6,12,24, 48 h during infusion. Results:In rhBNP group, systemic vascular resistance(SVR) was lower than the basic value(P < 0.05), stroke volume(SV), cardiac index(CI), total urine output(UR) was higher than the basic value(P < 0.05) and serum creatinine (CR) was lower than the basic value(P < 0.05); rhBNP group was markedly more effective than conventional treatment group. Conclusion:Intravenous injection of rhBNP combined with other routine treatments can further improve the hemodynamic effects in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the effects of variation Arg16Gly in ADRB2 on clinical response to the salmeterol administered with fluticasone propionate in subjects with asthma. Methods:Sixty-two asthma patients were administered with twice-daily therapy of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol(100 -滋g/50 -滋g) for 12 weeks, followed by a 2-to 4-day run-out period. Using direct DNA sequencing, five SNPs in the promoter and coding block regions of ADRB2 were determined in sixty-two asthma patients, and haplotypes were combined. Results:①There was sustained and significant improvement respectively(P < 0.001) in all measurements of asthma control(PEF, FEV1, albuterol use and asthma symptom score) in subjects receiving salmeterol, compared with baseline, regardless of Arg16Gly genotype. PEF increased with(114.4 ± 21.5)L/min,(100.3 ± 14.7)L/min and(103.3 ± 23.7)L/min in subjects with the Arg/Arg, Gly/Gly and Arg/Gly genotypes respectively, compared with baseline. While, there was no significant difference in the improvement among three genotypes. ②Responses did not be modified by haplotype pairs. ③During the run-out period, all subjects had similar decreases in measurements of asthma control, with no differences among genotypes. Conclusion:Response to salmeterol does not vary with ADRB2 genotypes after chronic dosing with an inhaled corticosteroid. However, larger prospective clinical pharmacogenetic studies to evaluate haplotypes across different ethnic/racial groups, as well as genetic epidemiologic studies, are further needed to help elucidate this field.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the property of IgG autoantibody assay protein chip in detecting anti-ENA autoantibody profiles. Methods:The sera of 249 patients were collected. The samples were detected with IgG autoantibody assay protein chip in comparison with immuloblotting test. Results:IgG autoantibody assay protein chip can detect anti-ENA autoantibody profiles in serum of patients. In comparison with immunoblotting assay, the coincidence rate was 82.2% for anti-SS-A/Ro, 88.2% for anti-SS-B/La, 94.7% for anti-Scl-70, 95.9% for anti-Jo-1, 92.5% for anti-Sm, 88.5% for anti-ulRNP, 82.2% for anti-Rib-P, respectively. Conclusion:IgG autoantibody assay protein chip can be used to detect anti-ENA autoantibody profiles from patients serum. There is no significant difference between detection results from IgG autoantibody assay protein chip and that from immunblotting test.