Abstract:Chromosome copy number aberrations, anueploidies, are common in the human population but generally lethal. However, trisomy of human chromosome 21 is compatible with life and people born with this form of aneuploidy manifest the features of Down syndrome, named after Langdon Down who was a 19th century British physician who first described a group of people with this disorder. Down syndrome includes learning and memory deficits in all cases, as well as many other features which vary in penetrance and expressivity in different people. While Down syndrome clearly has a genetic cause - the extra dose of genes on chromosome 21 - we do not know which genes are important for which aspects of the syndrome, which biochemical pathways are disrupted, or, generally how design therapies to ameliorate the effects of these disruptions. Recently, with new insights gained from studying mouse models of Down syndrome, specific genes and pathways are being shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder. This is opening the way for exciting new studies of potential therapeutics for aspects of Down syndrome, particularly the learning and memory deficits.

Abstract:The implementation of Tort Liability Law of the PRC may alleviate the current intense doctor-patient relationship. The article elaborated medical malpractice liability,onus probandi and product liability of blood transfusion,put forward some opinions in the application of relevant clauses of Tort Liability Law,and made some rational analysis of different understanding of relevant clauses.

Abstract:Objective: Inflammation induced by H.pylori colonization in the stomach is related to the development of gastric cancer and the genetic variations of the genes involved in the immune responses modify the host response to the infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether polymorphisms in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene, a key regulator of both innate and adaptive immunity, were related to the susceptibility to gastric cancer in a Chinese population. Methods: Two variations in the 5'-flanking region of TLR4 (rs1927914 T > C and rs10759932 T > C) were genotyped by using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay in a case-control study of 1,053 incident gastric cancer cases and 1,100 cancer-free controls in a Chinese population. Results: Individuals carrying the C allele of rs10759932 had a significantly reduced risk of gastric cancer (adjusted OR = 0.81; 95%CI = 0.67-0.96), compared with the wild-type homozygote (TT), and the protective effect was not significantly different among subgroups stratified by age, sex, smoking, drinking and H.pylori infection status (P for heterogeneity > 0.05). No significant association was observed between rs1927914 and gastric cancer risk in this study population. Conclusion: The T to C allele substitution of rs10759932 may play a protective role in gastric carcinogenesis in a Chinese population. Large studies with different ethnic populations are warranted to confirm these findings.

Abstract:The medical injury liability in Tort Liability Law of the PRC in July 2010 is different from other Laws. Some will be re-recognized such as burden of proof,causation,liability of fault and so on. The authors argued the burden of proof would still be available as long as the medical malpractice need to be appraised and the causation would not be confirmed among some medical errors concluded if Tort Liability Law requests the strict liability.

Abstract:The quality of medicines has close relations with the patients’ rights of life and health,and closely connects with basic human rights. Drug Administration Law of the PRC,which is revised in the 20th meeting of the Ninth National People’s Congress Standing Committee,on February 28,2001,abolished the provision that the limitation of action period of medicine-induced physical damages was one year. The change extended the period of maintaining legal rights,strengthened the public power’s protection of legal remedies towards victims,and fully reflected the basic purposes and spirit of legislation to protect the basic human rights and preserve people’s health and legitimate rights and interests of medication.

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of an implanted chip system for the control of heart rate (HR). Methods: The HR was recorded in six conscious Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. An implanted chip system was designed to regulate the HR by stimulating the right cervical vagus nerve according to the feedback of real time HR. Each rat was subjected to 30-min regulation and 30-min recovery. The change of HR during the regulation period was compared with the control. The ECG was recorded during the experiment for 24 h. Results: The ECG signals were successfully recorded during the experiment. The HR was significantly decreased during the period of regulation compared with control (-79.3 ± 34.5, P < 0.01, n = 6) and then recovered to normal after regulation. Conclusion: The described implanted chip system can regulate the HR to a designated set point.

Abstract:In order to realize the medical information reasonable openness,the article explained the present status of public information in medical activities,explored the reasons and the issues of information asymmetry between doctors and patients,and conceived the equal rights in medical activities based on the medical information openness.

Abstract:Combination of the Electronic Signature Law of the PRC,the Basic Norms of Electronic Medical Records (Trial) and other laws and regulations,the authors systematically expounded three legal issues of electronic medical record:the legality,the evidence of qualifications,characteristics of evidence of electronic medical records,and then preliminarily discussed the agreed use of electronic medical record,electronic signature,patient privacy,and the traceability of electronic medical record.

Abstract:This study was designed to measure the pressure distribution of the intervertebral disc under different degrees of distraction of the interspinous process, because of a suspicion that the degree of distraction of the spinous process may have a close relationship with the disc load share. Six human cadaver lumbar spine L2-L5 segments were loaded in flexion, neutral position, and extension. The L3-L4 disc load was measured at each position using pressure measuring films. Shape-memory interspinous process implants (SMID) with different spacer heights, ranging in size from 10 to 20 mm at 2 mm increments, were used. It was found that a SMID with a spacer height equal to the distance of the interspinous process in the neutral position can share the biomechanical disc load without a significant change of load in the anterior annulus. An interspinous process stabilizing device (IPD) would not be appropriate to use in those cases with serious spinal stenosis because the over-distraction of the interspinous process by the SMID would lead to overloading the anterior annulus which is a recognized cause of disc degeneration.

Abstract:Electronic medical record is a very important part of the information-based development of the medical treatment organization. The legal validity of electronic medical record has a profound influence on the promotion and application. The article analyzed the legal effect of electronic medical record which was introduced as evidence,and discussed the relevant issues in the application,and explained the significance of the actualization.

Abstract:The aim of medical insurance agencies is to maintain basic activities with the lowest cost to people involved,and ensure the balance of medical insurance fund. The hospital can gain the maximum benefit by improving quality of medical record and medical service,optimizing medical management and minimizing unreasonable expense. While exploring the factors affecting the medical insurance management,we should also consider the problems such as medical insurance fund payment,medical service quality and medical charges control,and patient who is identity theft and hospital transference.

Abstract:The article made a systematic comment and detailed description of the evolution and the latest development of hospital cost management in western countries,then pointed out that hospitals in our country should learn from it such as their strategic and systematic thinking of the cost management,which might be exerted in the daily practices under our specific circumstances and different situations.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression level of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) with the pathological grades and MRI characteristics of human gliomas. Methods: Prior pre- and post-contrast enhancement MRI was performed on 31 patients with gliomas, which were confirmed by post-operational pathology. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by immunohistochemical staining in both a low grading group (grades I and II, n = 20) and high grading group (grades III and IV, n = 11). Results: Compared to the low grading group, the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, as well as the tumor edema index (EI), enhanced percentage (EP) and maximum diameters were significantly greater in the high grading group. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression were correlated with the tumor EI, EP and the maximum diameters. There were no differences in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression between the unclear border definition group and the clear border definition group, whereas the MMPs expression levels were greater in the heterogeneous signal group than in the homogeneous signal group. Conclusion: The expression level of MMPs is correlated with the invasion ability of human gliomas. The MRI parameters, such as tumor EI, EP, maximum diameter, and signal heterogeneity technically reflect the expression level of MMPs, and can be used to estimate the tumor's malignant behavior, thus providing the guidance for clinical therapies.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the role that ceramide plays in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: Rats were subjected to ischemia by the four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method. The sphingomyelinase inhibitor TPCK was administered to the CA1 subregion of the rat hippocampus before inducing ischemia. Western blot was used to examine the activity of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) using antibodies against ERK, JNK and diphosphorylated ERK and JNK. Results: At 1h reperfusion post-ischemia, JNK reached its peak activity while ERK was undergoing a sharp inactivation (P < 0.05). The level of diphosphorylated JNK was significantly reduced but the sharp inactivation of ERK was visibly reversed (P < 0.05) by the sphingomyelinase inhibitor. Conclusion: The ceramide signaling pathway is up-regulated through sphingomyelin hydrolysis in brain ischemia, promoting JNK activation and suppressing ERK activation, culminating in the ischemic lesion.

Abstract:Fiedler’s contingency theory of western and thinking of “changes his mind” of Chinese Confucian traditional culture provide us a solid theoretical basis and introduce a clear way for social activities of management. From the perspective of contingency thinking, the article explored the paths of improving a leadership capacity including theoretical thinking, optimum selection for talent, and strengthening the learning ability.

Abstract:Objective: Retinopathy of prematurity is becoming obvious with the improvement of neonatal ambulance. However there is still not a good treatment. The present study is to observe the effect of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), and explore the relationship between the changes of avascular area and malondialdehyde (MDA) in retina. Methods: Newborn oxygen-exposed mice underwent subcutaneous injections of different dose of E2 (0.1 μg, 1.0 μg, 10.0 μg ), tamoxifen or phosphate buffered saline (PBS; controls)everyday from post-natal day (p)7 to p17. At p17, retinal flat mounts were scored for the percentage of avascular/total retinal area, and pathological changes during revascularization. The MDA concentration in the retina was determined also. In the most efficacious E2 group (10.0 μg), 100.0 μg tamoxifen was also administered, and the percentage of capillary-free/total retinal area determined, and the retinal malondialdehyde concentration assayed. Results: The mean percentage of capillary-free area over total retinal area was 0(PBS, in room air), 34.197±1.301(PBS, in hyperoxia), 23.685±0.407 (0.1 μg E2), 14.648±0.355 (1.0 μg E2), 4.693±0.450 (10.0 μg E2) and 32.240±0.654 (10.0 μg E2 +100.0 μg tamoxifen). The difference was significant (F = 2778.759, P < 0.01), and the difference between any two groups were also significant (all P value were less than 0.01). The predilection of tufts and clusters during revascularization was mainly aggregated in zones 2 and 3, but the difference of retinal neovascular clusters and tufts in fourth zone among different groups were significant [clusters (F = 44.719, P < 0.01) vs tufts (F = 39.997,P < 0.01)]. The mean MDA concentration were 0.711±0.037(PBS, in room air), 2.084±0.066 (PBS, in hyperoxia), 1.829±0.091(0.1 μg E2), 1.152±0.067(1.0 μg E2), 0.796±0.027(10.0 μg E2), 1.988±0.049(10.0 μg E2 +100.0 μg tamoxifen) (F = 628.103, P < 0.01). The difference between any two groups were also significant (all P value were less than 0.05). The close relation between the percentage of avascular/total retinal area and MDA concentration was also verified (r = 0.981, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Oxidative stress responses play a pivotal role in OIR, by means of receptor pathway. E2 can alleviate oxidative stress reaction, and thus ameliorate the severity of oxygen induced retinopathy.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the side population cells in Huh7 and their different proliferation and division ability,which may play a key role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods:Huh7 cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS),and the hoechst33342 fluorescence intensity of side population and main population cells is measured under fluorescence microscope. ABCG2 mRNA levels in side population and main population cells were examined by RT-PCR,which was checked by sequencing. The expression of ABCG2 protein in the clones formed by side population and main population cells was measured by fluorescence immunoassay,and the cell number in ABCG2(+)or ABCG2(-)clones was counted under fluorescence microscope. Results:In the absence of verapamil,the ratio of side population cells was 2.22%,while in the presence of verapamil the ratio decreasesd to 0.74%. Side population cells looked dimmer than main population cells under fluorescence microscope. ABCG2 mRNA level in side population cells was 4.32 times of that in main population cells (P < 0.01). The proliferation ability of side population cells was 2.7 times of that in main population cells (P < 0.01). What’s more,side population cells can differentiate into ABCG2(+)and ABCG2(-)offspring,while main population cells can only differentiate in to ABCG2(-)offspring. Conclusion:Side population cells do exist in Huh7 cell line,and they have stronger proliferation ability compared with main population cells,and asymmetric cell division ability(self-renewal and directed differentiation),which is a key character of stem cells. The isolation of side population cell can be a useful method to isolate cancer stem cell,and these side population cells may play a key role in drug resistance and tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Further study of the biological behavior of side population cells may pave a new way to the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract:Socialist core value system is the spirit of the banner of socialist China. College plays an important role in the establishment of the socialist core value system. How to guide students on identification of the socialist core value system has become an important aim of moral education. Through questionnaires,individual interviews,seminars and other forums,the author analyzed the reasons and situation of students’ identification of the socialist core value system,and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the effect of silencing hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)gene by RNA interference on the proliferation,apoptosis and invasiveness of SGC-7901 cells and to study the molecular mechanism related to these biological changes. Methods:The recombinant plasmid pGCsi-shHIF-1α was transfected into gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 by LipofectamineTM 2000. Then the expressions of HIF-1α in SGC-7901 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot,and the expression of Glut-1,MMP2 and CXCR4 were detected by Western blot. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay,and the cell apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry,and the migration and invasiveness of transfected cells were assayed using transwell chambers. Results:After SGC-7901 cells were stably transfected with pGCsi-shHIF-1α,the expression of the mRNA and protein of HIF-1α were inhibited significantly. The expression of Glut-1,MMP-2 and CXCR4 were significantly supressed after HIF-1α silenced by RNA interference. MTT assay showed the proliferation of the pGCsi-shHIF-1α transfected cells was slower than that of empty vector transfected cells. The apoptotic ratio of transfected cells was also higher than that of controls. The migration and invasiveness of the cells transfected with pGCsi-shHIF-1α were significantly suppressed compared with the cells transfected with empty vector. Conclusion:It was showed that the recombinant plasmid pGCsi-shHIF-1α could inhibit the genetic expression of HIF-1α,and inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasiveness,but induce the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells SGC-7901. The results indicated that inhibiting HIF-1α could suppress invasion and migration,and delay tumor growth by down-regulating Glut-1,MMP-2 and CXCR4.

Abstract:Objective: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated in protection against myocardial ischemia injury. This study was designed to explore a new method of therapy for myocardial injury by eNOS gene transfection. Methods: A rat model of myocardial infarction (MI) was established by left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. eNOS gene in an adenovirus vector was delivered locally into the rat heart and hemodynamic parameters were examined after 3 weeks, Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) mRNA were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the protein levels of eNOS, caspase-3, and transforming grouth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were determined by western blot assay. Results: eNOS gene transfer significantly reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improved cardiac function. In addition, eNOS significantly reduced the mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In the eNOS gene transfected group, the activation of caspase-3 and TGF-β1 were decreased. However, the protection was reversed by administration of the NOS inhibitor, N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the eNOS provides cardiac protection after myocardial infarction injury through inhibition of cardiac apoptosis and collagen deposition, and suppression of TGF-β1.

Abstract:With the development of the “happy farm” and other popular internet entertainment games,“steal food” momently swept all the internet users lives. More and more students had joined the rank of “steal food”,abandoned themselves to “steal” and anti-“steal” every day,never tired. The article,in view of sociology and psychology,tried to analyze the reasons why college students were keen on “steal food” and the impact coming with the behaviors,and then suggested to guide students on how to return to the normal track of life.

Abstract:Objective:To certify that KSHV could infect prostate non-tumorigenic cells RWPE-1 and prostate cancer cells PC-3 effectively,and to investigate the alteration of the Wnt signalling pathway post-infection. Methods:Harvested from primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells BC-3,the KSHV virion- supernatant was used to infect RWPE-1 and PC-3 cells. The cytopathic effect (CPE) of prostate cells was observed post-infection and the replication of KSHV in prostate cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The expression of β-catenin in both cytoplasm and nuclei was detected by Western blot. Results:Post-infection,CPE was appeared in RWPE-1 but not in PC-3. KSHV ORF50 mRNA was detected in PC-3 cells by RT-PCR. And the specific band of vIL-6 appeared as expected in Western blot detection in both RWPE-1 and PC-3 cells extract. The expression of β-catenin in both cytoplasm and nuclei of RWPE-1 were up-regulated post-infection. Conclusion:KSHV could infect prostate non- tumorigenic cells RWPE-1 and prostate cancer cells PC-3 effectively and trigger the Wnt signaling pathway in RWPE-1 post-infection.

Abstract:The cultivation of humanistic spirit of medical students is the basis of development of medical humanities. Nowadays,the nature of medical science and the demands of health request more medical talent with noble human spirit. In the process of training medical students,medical universities should cultivate them with humanistic knowledge,combine the characteristics of the medical science to care and affect them with the humanistic spirit,in order to promote their emotion of human spirit.

Abstract:Objective: Ethanol treatment induces an increase in oxidative stress. As licorice compounds are potent antioxidants, our aim was to examine whether magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate attenuated lipid peroxidation, the major end-point of oxidative damage resulting from ethanol administration. Methods: Four groups(18 animals in each group) of male Kunming mice were used. The first group served as control and received 0.4 ml normal saline daily for 18 days orally. The second group of mice was given 56% ethanol at 16 ml/kg body weight per day for 18 days orally. The third group was given the same dose of ethanol and administrated magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (15 mg/kg.d, i.p.) for 18 days. The fourth group was given the same dose of ethanol and administrated with magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (45 mg/kg.d, i.p.) for 18 days. Twenty four hours after 9 days or 18 days of treatment the mice were sacrificed using 10% chloral hydrate. Sperm counts and motility in the epididymis were assessed. The lipid peroxidation and antioxidants of testicular mitochondria were also determined. The pathological changes of testicle tissue of the mice were observed by light microscopy. Results: Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate effectively prevented the ethanol-induced seminiferous epithelium disorganization and degeneration of Sertoli cells and germ cells. Sperm counts and motility of the magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate treated groups were higher than those of the alcohol treated group, but were lower than those of the control group. The drug exhibited an ability to counteract ethanol induced oxidative challenge as it effectively reduced testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Conclusion: Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate is able to inhibit the ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation and has a protective effect against testicular oxidative injury.

Abstract:Objective:The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of allicin on the apoptosis of THP-1 cells and expressions of Fas/FasL. Methods:The proliferation inhibition rates of THP-1 cells after various treatments were examined by MTT assay. After the treatment of THP-1 cells by allicin,morphological change of apoptotic cells was investigated by AO/EB fluorescent staining under fluorescent microscope. Apoptosis rate was determined with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was used to observe the effect of allicin on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of THP-1 cells. The expression changes of Fas and FasL were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The changes of Fas/FasL proteins were detected by Western blot. Results:The proliferations of THP-1 cells were inhibited by allicin. MTT assay showed that the allicin inhibited the proliferation of the THP-1 cells,and the inhibition was dependent on both dose and time. The IC50 of 72 h was 12.8 mg/L. Apoptosis rate detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI was proportional to the concentration of the allicin. The percentage of G0/Gl phase cells was increased,but the S phase cell was decreased when treated with allicin for 72 h. 72 h after exposure to 6.4,12.8 mg/L allicin,the apoptotic rates of THP-1 cells were(22.93±2.93)% and(36.73±2.88)%,respectively. They were also dose dependent,and statistically significant when compared with the controls(P < 0.01). The cells could be classificated into:early apoptotic cells,late apoptotic cells,alive cells and dead cells under the fluorescent microscope. After the immunohistochemical staining test,the expression of Fas/FasL increased in THP-1cells was induced by allicin. Fas/FasL was located in the cytoplasm and cytolemma. Western blot test showed that the Fas/FasL protein expression was proportional to the concentration of allicin and it was also dose dependent. After treated with 0,6.4 and 12.8 mg/L allicin for 72 h,the levels of Fas proteins were 0.287±0.009,0.427±0.008 and 0.597±0.011,respectively and the levels of FasL proteins were 0.212±0.014,0.299±0.028 and 0.409±0.027,respectively. The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.01). Conclusion:Allicin induced apoptosis of human THP-1 cells is partly by up-regulating the expressions of Fas/FasL.

Abstract:Based on Marxist theory on people’s overall development,the career guidance and ideological and political education in college can be an organic combination. The intrinsic correlation among the educational philosophy,educational content and service objectives is the foundation of combination. In order to achieve the combination,the authors gave some suggestions including strengthening the curriculum construction through the career guidance,optimizing the structure of the quality of teachers and actualizing educational practice.

Abstract:In the article,a questionnaire on major problems faced by clinical undergraduate students during their employment was undertaken to analyze the potential reasons and to put forward certain corresponding countermeasures. Besides,the guidance upon graduate employment was suggested to be further strengthened so as to achieve the optimal position of clinical undergraduates.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the synergistic anti-tumor effect of QHF (a Chinese medicine formula with anti-tumor active ingredients, including 800 mg/kg Cinobufotalin, 14 mg/kg Ginsenoside Rg3, 5.5 mg/kg Notoginseng and 100 mg/kg Lentinan) when combined with the chemotherapy drug cisplatin (DDP). Methods: Hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cells were implanted into mice and after the transplants were successfully established the animals were divided into four groups, namely a normal saline(NS) control group, QHF group, DDP group and QHF+DDP group. The tumor growth was monitored and the survival time determined. In vitro studies employing H22 cells used the first three groups, and determined the effects of QHF and DDP on tumor cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and morphologic changes in vitro. Results: QHF significantly inhibited the growth of tumors and prolonged the survival time of mice with hepatocellular carcinomas. QHF combined with DDP could attenuate DDP-induced leucopenia, spleen and thymus atrophy and other indicators of toxicity. The inhibition rate of tumor growth reached 82.54% with QHF+DDP, and QHF prolonged the life span of DDP-treated mice by 66.83%. In the in vitro experiments tumor cells showed morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis by both light and transmission electron microscopy in the QHF group, and the apoptosis rate was 33.85%. Moreover, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase was increased and those in the S-phase decreased. Conclusion: QHF combined with DDP could significantly inhibit tumor growth, induce the apoptosis of tumor cells and effectively attenuate DDP toxicity.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the effects of Formoterol(β2-adrenergic receptor-specific agonist)and ICI118551(β2-adrenergic receptor-specific antagonist) on proliferation and apoptosis of rat osteoblast-like cells induced from marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MMSCs). Methods:MMSCs by whole bone marrow adherent culture derived from a three-week-old female SD rat are induced to osteoblast-like cells .After different concentrations of Formoterol and ICI118551 are added into the culture medium,The cell proliferation is evaluated with the method of MTT and the cell apoptosis is evaluated by the methods of Annexin V-FITC/PI and TUNEL. Results:The proliferation of cells cultured with different concentrations(10-5~10-9 mmol/L) of Formoterol are all obviously low. As to ICI118551,high concentrations (10-5 and 10-6 mol/L)can inhibit the proliferation of cells while low concentrations(10-8 and 10-9 mol/L) can enhance proliferation. Both Formoterol and ICI118551 have minimal effects on the cell apoptosis. Conclusion:The β2-adrenergic receptor-specific agonist can inhibit the proliferation of rat osteoblast-like cells in vitro while the effects of theβ2-adrenergic receptor-specific antagonist are not single,depending on its concentration. Both of them have minimal effects on the cell apoptosis.

Abstract:Objective:To study the compatibility between CS-CPC/BMP-2/bFGF composite material scaffolds and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after induction and to explore a new scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Methods:The CS-CPC/BMP-2/bFGF composite material scaffolds were produced and co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,then these composite material scaffolds were cultured in osteogenic medium for two weeks,and the growth and adhesion of cells on the scaffold were observed with scanning electron microscope and the cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay so as to evaluate the tissue response. Results:The cells grew well on the surface of the CS-CPC/BMP-2/bFGF composite material scaffolds. The MTT test assay showed that the CS-CPC/BMP-2/bFGF composite material scaffolds couldn’t inhibit the proliferation of BMSCs. Conclusion:The CS-CPC/BMP-2/bFGF composite material scaffolds has good biocompatibility which showed the potential of novel scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Abstract:Judging a medical student’s ability cannot only depend on probability of success or failure in clinical activities,so does medical education’s evaluation. Surgical skill education adopts interactive formative assessment system which is consisted of supervisors and experts,constructs mutual evaluation and information feedback system among students and teachers,teachers and teachers,students and practical units,students and employers,employers and employers,to ensure that clinic practice can be integrated in education programs to really enhance surgical practical ability of medical students. Formative assessment system was used among students of all the majors in grade 2006 and a satisfactory result was attained at last. The authors concluded that the formative assessment system should make a great improvement to medical education,not just good for surgical training,but also benefit other clinical techniques learning as well.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of Fe2+on the proliferation of the HUVSMC and its secretion of MMP-2 under the condition of normal or high glucose. Methods:Primarily cultured HUVSMC(Passage 3~5)were cultured with the normal and high glucose DEME,and then subjected to control or Fe2+ incubation at various concentrations(0.006 25 g/L,0.012 5 g/L,0.025 g/L,0.05 g/L,0.1 g/L). After 24 h of intervention,HUVSMC proliferation was assessed with MTT method,and MMP-2 secretion was measured by ELISA. Results:Compared to the control group:in normal glucose group,HUVSMC proliferation in 0.012 5~0.1 g/L Fe2+ treatment group was increased(P < 0.01),and the secretion of MMP-2 was promoted only in 0.1 g/L Fe2+ treatment group(P < 0.01);in high glucose group:HUVSMC proliferation in 0.012 5~0.1 g/L Fe2+ treatment group was increased(P < 0.05),and the secretion of MMP-2 was promoted in all experimental groups(P < 0.05);and the proliferation of HUVSMC and level of MMP-2 in high glucose group were higher than those in the normal glucose group(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Fe2+ could stimulate the proliferation of VSMC,as well as the secretion of MMP-2. And high glucose may contribute to that accelerated effects.

Abstract:Objective:To construct interferon regulatory factor-1(IRF-1) and its shRNA expression vectors,and to assess their function in rat glomerular mesangial cell (GMC). Methods:The full-length IRF-1 or three 19~21 bp reverse repeated motifs targeting of IRF-1 gene were synthesized and cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/myc and pGCsi.U6.neo.GFP. After screened and confirmed,the recombinant plasmids were transfected into GMC,then Western blot was used to detect the expression of IRF-1 in GMC and find out the optimal shRNA. Results:It was verified by partial nucleotide sequencing and restriction endonuclease digestion that the constructed eukaryotic vectors were correct. The results by Western blot showed that the constructed pcDNA3.1/IRF-1 plasmid expressed correctly and the IRF-1 shRNA-2 was optimal shRNA,which effectively silenced the target gene. Conclusion:The pcDNA3.1/IRF-1 plasmid and its shRNA were constructed successfully. These data provide the essential experimental tools for studying biological functions of IRF-1 gene in the future.

Abstract:The article explored new teaching methods and assessment methods in the training of clinical practice skills and comprehensive ability of medical students and made them enhance and strengthen the capabilities,and suggested that training tightly around the national medical licensure examination should be helpful to medical students’ future clinical work and service in the community.

Abstract:Objective:To construct the μ-Myc-pIRES2-EGFP plasmid and investigate its expression in CHO. Methods:μ gene was tagged with a 10-residue Myc epitope through PCR. Then the μ gene with Myc epitope was inserted into pIRES2-EGFP to form μ-Myc-pIRES2-EGFP recombinant eukaryotic plasmid. The μ-Myc-pIRES2-EGFP plasmid was transfected into CHO using Lipofectamine2000. The expression of μ-Myc-pIRES2-EGFP was examined by the fluorescence microscopy and Western blot. Results:The sequence of μ opioid receptor with Myc epitode was inserted into pIRES2-EGFP and confirmed by sequencing. High expression of EGFP and μ gene with Myc epitope was detected in CHO after μ-Myc-pIRES2-EGFP plasmid transfection. Conclusions:μ-Myc-pIRES2-EGFP was cloned correctly and expressed in high level in CHO cells.

Abstract:Objective:To construct the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector for human Slit2 full-length cDNA and express it in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293 cell line). Methods:The full length cDNA of hSlit2 was obtained and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pCMV-GFP-C to construct the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pCMV-GFP-C/hSlit2,and the recombinant plasmid was transfected into 293 cells by calcium phosphate coprecipitation. The expression of hSlit2 protein was analyzed by Western blot. Results:The eukaryotic expression recombinant plasmid pCMV-GFP-C/hSlit2 was successfully constructed and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion,and the expression of hSlit2 cDNA was detected by Western blot. Conclusion:The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector is correctly constructed,and the study offers an experimental base for the study of the fuction of hSlit2 protein and its proteolytic fragments in central nervous system.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of passive smoking of pregnant rats on learning and memory of neonatal rats. Methods:Morris water maze which reflects learning and memory ability was used to test neurobehavioral changes in neonatal rats,and IRMA method was used to test nerve growth factor(NGF) content in cerebellar cortex of neonatal rats. Results:Passive smoking during pregnancy decreased the learning and memory ability in neonatal rats,meanwhile content of nerve growth factor in cerebellar cortex was significantly low. Conclusion:Reduced learning and memory ability in neonatal rats offspring by passive smoking of female rats during pregnancy correlates with reduced synthesis and secretion of nerve growth factor in cerebellar cortex.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the value of PET/CT with 18F-FDG in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 168 patients with pulmonary lesions (115 malignant,53 benign) by 18F-FDG PET/CT from October 2006 to January 2009. The shape was surveyed based on CT. The SUVmax in region of interest (ROI) of pulmonary lesion was calculated on PET. Imaging information was interpreted and compared with histopathology findings or other diagnostic procedures. Results:In 168 patients with pulmonary lesions,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CT,PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis were as follows:73.9%(85/115),73.6%(39/53),73.8%(124/168) for CT alone; 82.6%(95/115),62.3%(33/53),76.2%(128/168)for PET alone;90.4%(104/115),81.1%(43/53),87.5%(147/168) for PET/CT scan. Among 55 patients with lung cancer undergone operation,there were 31 cases with and 24 without mediastinal and hilar nodal metastases. The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of PET/CT in the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar nodal metastases were 90.3%,95.8%,92.7%,respectively. Metastases were identified in 41 patients. 105 bone metastasis lesions were found by PET/CT,only 25 lesions showed lytic type on CT images. Conclusion:PET/CT is of greater value on the differential diagnosis of pulmonary than PET or CT alone. The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of diagnosis are significantly improved by PET/CT scan,which may be useful in diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To compare the imaging characteristics of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT with same day diagnostic CT on breast cancer patients after surgery. Method:70 breast cancer patients after surgery were enrolled to take 18F-FDG PET/CT for 81 times. All patients underwent PET/CT for diagnostic purposes followed by diagnostic CT in the region of chest with breath hold. Results:31 PET/CT and 31 diagnostic CT results didn’t show any significant lesion. Another 50 studies displayed 372 lesions. The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive productive value,and negative productive value of PET/CT were 88.0%,50.0%,84.9%,95.3%,26.8%,and those of diagnostic CT were 60.5%,31.6%,57.5%,88.6%,8.3%. As far as lymph node metastases were concerned,the sensitivity for PET/CT was 100%,but for diagnostic CT was 52.3%. As for bone and soft tissue metastases,the sensitivity for PET/CT was 98.1%,compared with 25.0% of diagnostic CT. As for pulmonary nodal metastasis,the sensitivity for PET/CT was 58.8%,but for diagnostic CT was 98.9%. Conclusion:PET/CT accurately detects more malignant lesions than CT does for lymph node and bone and soft tissue metastases. However,the diagnostic CT with breath hold will have an advantage over PET/CT on pulmonary metastases,especial small pulmonary node.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the 18F-FDG PET/CT manifestations and diagnostic value in patients with pulmonary mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Methods:Clinical records and characteristic18F-FDG PET/CT findings in 3 patients with pulmonary mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma confirmed by pathology,were retrospectively analyzed. Results:The main chest CT manifestations of pulmonary mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma were single or multiple mass with blurred contours,consolidation with air bronchogram and localized alveolar opacity. Pleural tuberous thickening,pleural effusion and lymph node swelling were also seen. Three patients had high FDG uptake lesions. Conclusion:Pulmonary mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is an unusual subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Imaging manifestations are mass with blurred contours or consolidation with air bronchogram and high FDG uptake. The final diagnosis should be made by histology and immunohistochemistry.

Abstract:Objective:To discuss the imaging features of bone infarction. Methods:Radiography,CT and MRI were performed in 13 patients with 44 bone infarctions. The imaging findings were analyzed to classify the lesions into acute,subacute and chronic stages. Results:The lesions mainly involved in the distant segments of femur and proximal segments of tibia on both sides. Bone infarction appeared negative or atypical patchy calcification on both radiography and CT. In acute stage, the center area of lesions presented normal bone marrow or slight edema or hemorrhage on MRI. In subacute stage,the infarction was manifested as iso-or slight low-signal on T1WI and iso- or slight high-signal on T2WI in center areas. A low-signal zone around was separated from the normal marrow with linear T1 low-signal and T2 high-signal in both acute and subacute stages. In chronic stage,the lesion was characterized by low-signal on both T1WI and T2WI,indicating the formation of fibrosis and dystrophic calcification due to the replacement of necrotic tissue by granulation and fibrous tissue. Conclusion:MRI is a good method of early detection and correct diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and characteristic imaging features.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of 3D time of flight MR angiography(TOF-MRA) for the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with guglielmi detachable coils. Methods:Total of 38 patients with 38 aneurysms treated with guglielmi detachable coils over 36 months were examed by 3D TOF-MRA and DSA simultaneously. DSA was the reference for the detection of a residual neck or residual aneurysm. Recurrence of aneurysms and patency of parent arteries were determined by comparing MRA with DSA. Results:In 38 aneurysms,DSA found that 33 cases were stable,and 5 were recurrent. Meanwhile,36 parent arteries were patent,and the others were occluded by DSA. MRA found that 32 were stable,and 6 were recurrent,and 34 parent arteries were patent,and 4 were occluded. The sensitive and specificity to diagnose residual flow by MRA were 84.6% and 92.0%,respectively;the sensitive and specificity of MRA to diagnose recurrence were 80.0% and 93.0%,respectively;the sensitive and specificity of MRA to diagnose that whether parent arteries is patent or not were 94.4% and 100%,respectively. Conclusions:3D TOF-MRA is efficient and reliable for the long term follow-up of intracranial aneurysms. Moreover,further experimental evidence of MRA is needed.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type Ⅰ(11β-HSD1) and adiponectin mRNA in abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue of pregnant women with third-trimester. Methods:Paired biopsies (subcutaneous and omental) were obtained from 33 third-trimester women (normal pregnant control,n=22;gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM,n=11) and 14 non-pregnant child-bearing period women(the non-pregnant group). 11β-HSD1 and adiponectin mRNA expressions in paired adipose tissue were measured by real time PCR. Results:Compared to the non-pregnant group,the expressions of 11β-HSD1 mRNA in the normal pregnant group and the GDM group were increased in both subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue,inversely the expressions of adiponectin mRNA were significantly down-regulated in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue. Moreover,the expression of 11β-HSD1 mRNA in omental adipose tissue was higher than that in subcutaneous in the normal pregnant group and the GDM group,there was no significant depot difference in adiponectin mRNA expression. Furthermore,adiponectin mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in the GDM was negatively correlated with TC(r=-0.779,P=0.003) and LDL-C(r=-0.664,P=0.029),while the 11β-HSD1 mRNA in omental adipose tissue was positively correlated with BMI increasing during pregnancy(r=0.323,P=0.043)and HOMA-IR of the newborns(r=0.618,P=0.032). Conclusion:The expression of 11β-HSD1 was increased while the expression of adiponectin was decreased in adipose tissue after pregnancy,which suggested that it could be a sort of adaptive change resulting from glucose and lipid metabolism during pregnancy. Their effect on the development of GDM should be concerned and further studied.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the relationship between heat shock protein 70(HSP70) and vascular cognitive impairment(VCI).Methods:181 patients were divided into not cognitively impaired (NCI,n=52)and VCI (n=129) groups.Cognitive function and serum HSP70 levels in two groups were tested by Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively. Results:The serum HSP70 levels in the NCI and VCI groups were 11.29±2.66 ng/ml and 19.92±5.98 ng/ml,respectively,and there were significant differences(P < 0.01).The correlation analysis revealed that the serum HSP70 levels were negatively correlated with the total MoCA scores(r=-0.742,P < 0.01);Multivariable linear regression showed that the seium HSP70 levels were also negatively correlated with the memory scores,the visuospatial/executive scores and the orientation scores in the VCI groups. Conclusions:HSP70 may be used as the biochemical indicator for observing vascular cognitive impairment.

Abstract:Objective:To study the relationship of hyperglycemia and the cognitive function of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:Questionnaires were used to study cognitive function of 135 T2DM patients. Pre- and postprandial and pre-bed seven-point glucoses (fingerstick) were collected. The differences of cognitive function among the different glucose level groups were analyzed. Results:① Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)≥6.1 mmol/L group and <6.1 mmol/L group had prominent difference in the total scores,orientation and composition of a picture of mini-mental state examination (MMSE),the second body regions immediate memory,the first immediate auditory verbal and pictorial recognition(P < 0.05).②There were significant differences between the postprandial glucose(PPG)≥10.0 mmol/L group and <10.0 mmol/L group on the wrong numbers of the cancelling test,naming picture and motor testing.③In the highest glucose group(the 7-point-daily capillary glucose≥10.0 mmol/L),the rapid verbal retrieve2 (animal),the second body regions immediate memory,the delayed body regions memory,the clued body regions memory and digital span had lower scores than those in <10.0 mmol/L group. ④When the median of mean blood glucose (MBG) (8.7 mmol/L)acted as cut point,compare to <8.7 mmol/L group,≥8.7 mmol/L group has bad performance in the orientation and composition of a picture of MMSE,the delayed auditory verbal,the clued auditory verbal and naming picture.⑤There was no significant difference between the two FPG,PPG group,the highest glucose group and MBG group on sex,age,duration of diabetes,educational level,combined hypertension or not and blood lipid. HbA1c had no effect on cognitive function in PPG group,the highest glucose group and MBG group,but had effects on cognition in the two FPG groups. ⑥FPG,PPG,the highest glucose of the 7-point-daily capillary glucose and MBG were negatively correlated with cognitive function. Conclusion:Hyperglycemia may aggravate the cognitive dysfunction of T2DM. patiewts with FPG ≥6.1 mmol/L or PPG≥10.0 mmol/L coule have cognitive lesion. Controlling hyperglycemia and reducing the glucose fluctuation effectively will be beneficial to preserve cognitive function of T2DM patients.

Abstract:Objective:To study the expression of Foxd3 in cervical carcinoma(CC) and its significance. Methods:Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was employed to detect Foxd3 mRNA in 21 cases of cervical carcinoma and 15 cases of normal cervix tissues (NC),and tissue array and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze Foxd3 protein expression in 31 cases of cervical carcinoma and 12 cases of normal tissue. Results:The mRNA level of Foxd3 was higher in CC than that in NC (P < 0.05),and most of CC (29/31,93.5%) expressed Foxd3 protein. Conclusion:Cervical carcinoma cell with stem cell property existing in cervical CC tissues may be a potential target of CC therapy.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the clinical significance and relationship of tumor-suppressing gene PTEN and VEGF,FLT1(VEGFR1) mRNA in myleod leukemia cells. Methods:The mRNA expression of PTEN and VEGF in marrow mononuclear cells (MMSCs) from 50 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients,10 AML patients in complete remission (CR),10 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients in chronic phase (CML-CP),10 CML patients in blast crises (CML-BC) and 10 persons as normal controls were detected by real-time fluorescent relative-quantification PCR(FQ-PCR). The correlation and clinical significance of PTEN,VEGF and FLT1 were evaluated. Results:The expression level of PTEN mRNA was lower in AML patients than normal control;and it was lower in CML-BC patients than that in CML-CP patients. PTEN mRNA expression level was negatively correlated with VEGF and FLT1 mRNA,and the low-expression of PTEN gene and high-expression of VEGF and FLT1 gene were associated with the poor prognosis and the higher extra-medullary infiltrations. Conclusion:The low-expression of PTEN mRNA and high-expression of VEGF or FLT1 mRNA in myleod leukemia meand the poor prognosis and the higher extra-medullary infiltrations. PTEN,VEGF and FLT1 mRNA may have synergistic effect on the pathogenesis of myleod leukemia.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the level and clinical implications of serum CD105,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor Flt-1 in acute lymphoblast leukemia (ALL) children. Methods:Serum levels of CD105,VEGF and Flt-1 were detected in 31 newly diagnosed ALL children and 10 health controls with double antibodies sandwich enzymelinked immurosorbent assay. Results:The serum levels of VEGF and Flt-1 were not significantly different between the newly diagnosed ALL children and the health controls. While the serum level of CD105 was significantly higher in the ALL children than that in the health controls (P < 0.01),and the level was significantly higher in the high risk ALL children than in the low risk group (P < 0.05). The serum level of CD105 was independent of sex,age,white blood cell count when diagnosed,and immunophenotype with or without myeloid antigens,but it was related to extramedullary manifestations such as enlargement of live,spleen and lymph nodes,and early treatment response (P < 0.05). The serum level of CD105 was not significantly different between ALL children with chromosome abnormality and without abnormality. Conclusion:There was no significant difference in the serum levels of VEGF and Flt-1 between the ALL children and the health controls. The serum level of CD105 might be helpful in guiding therapy and evaluating prognosis.

Abstract:Objective:To study the role of FOXP3 in patients with acute infection of hepatitis C virus. Methods:Flow cytometry was used to determine the number of CD4+CD25+T cells in peripheral blood;the levels of the Th1/Th2 cytokines secretion of PBMC in patients and healthy donors were detected by ELISA;the expression of FOXP3 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Results:CD4+CD25+T cells comprised (28.2±2.1)% of peripheral CD4+T cells in the blood of acute hepatitis C virus infected patients,and it was significantly higher than that of healthy controls(2.7±0.7)%(P=0.032). CD4+CD25+T cells in the peripheral blood of acute hepatitis C virus infected patients highly expressed FOXP3. Compared with the cytokines levels of normal control,the levels of IL-10 was notably increased(P < 0.01) while IL-2 was not detected in the culture supernatant of PBMCs from patients. Conclusion:Patients with acute hepatitis C virus infection showed an increased number of FOXP3,which suppressed Th1 response.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the effect of nature cycle and hormone replacement treatment(HRT) cycle on the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer(FET). Methods:In this retrospective study,727 FET cycles were divided into 2 groups:nature cycle(n=149) and HRT cycle(n=578). Pregnancy rate,spontaneous abortion rate,implantation rate and multiple pregnancy rate were compared between two groups. Results:FET cycle outcomes were similar between nature cycle and HRT cycle on pregnancy rates (39.6% vs 41.2%,P > 0.05),spontaneous abortion rates(5.4% vs 5.0%,P > 0.05),implantation rates(28.3% vs 27.6%,P > 0.05). There were significant differences of pregnancy rates between cleavage FET cycle and blastocyst FET cycle(66.7% vs 39.95,P < 0.05). There were no significant differences of monocyesis pregnancy rates and multiple pregnancy rates between nature cycle and HRT cycle(P > 0.05).Transfer with 3 embryos resulted in higher pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate than transfer with 2 embryos (P < 0.05). Conclusions:FET cycle outcomes were similar between nature cycle and HRT cycle on pregnancy rate and spontaneous abortion rate. It should be more economical and easier for ovulatory patients to use nature cycle FET. Increasing number of FET embryo was associated with improved pregnancy rate and higher multiple pregnancy rate.

Abstract:Objective:To study the role of allergen testing in vitro and tidal flow-volume measurement in infants with asthmatic bronchitis. Methods:Eighty-six infants with asthmatic bronchitis,81 infants with asthma,and 72 with pneumonia were recruited in the study. Inhaled allergen,food allergen,and mite-specific IgE were determined by Pharmacia UniCAP System. The serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and total IgE were measured as well. Tidal breathing flow-volume loops were obtained after sedation of patients. The tidal volume per kilogram(VT/kg),the fraction of tidal volume exhaled at peak tidal expiratory flow (PTEF) to total tidal volume (VPTEF/VE),and the fraction of exhaled time at PTEF to total expiratory time (TPTEF/TE) were measured. Results:Positive findings of inhaled allergen and food allergen,and total IgE level were elevated in both asthmatic bronchitis and asthma groups in comparison with pneumonia group. There were no significant differences in VT/kg,VPTEF/VE,and TPTEF/TE between asthmatic bronchitis group and asthma group. ECP levels were higher in the asthma group than these in the pneumonia group. ECP levels were negative correlation with VPTEF/VE and TPTEF/TE in the asthma group. ECP levels were lower in the asthmatic bronchitis group than these in the asthma group. ECP levels were negative correlation with VPTEF/VE and TPTEF/TE in the asthmatic bronchitis group. Conclusion:The measurement of allergen,serum ECP,and tidal breathing flow-volume loops were helpful for evaluating airway inflammation and airway obstruction in infants with asthmatic bronchitis.

Abstract:Objective:To exaluate the value of clinical application of microinvasive approach to sellae region. Methods:Using neuro-endoscope and microscope,56 sellar region tumor cases accepted microinvasive operation. 43 cases were given keyhole approach,13 cases accepted endonasal transsphenoidal approach operation. Results:Total tumor resection was achieved in 21 cases,subtotal in 4,and partial in 1 case. The visual acuity were ameliorated in 11/13 cases,and the high level of hormones was decreased to normal degree in 15/20 cases. No case was found recurrence by MRI during 2 years follow-up. According to Hunt-Hess grade:4 cases ofⅠ grade and 8 cased of Ⅱgrade were cured by clipped the aneurysm,and cerebral angio spasm was found in one case of 3 of Ⅲ grade,and other two cases gained satisfied result. 8 case of meningeomas gained SimpsomⅡ resection,the visual acuity was ameliorated and no complications were found. Conclusion:It is available to decrease the morbility and improve the removal rate by corresponding mininvasive approaches according to different location of lesions.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate surgical treatment method and its effect on the tibial nonunion. Methods:15 cases were operated by superficial peroneal vascular fascia pedicel tibiofibular periosteal flap translocation combined with a little cancellous bone of distal tibial graft and interlocking intramedullary nailing fixation. Results:Patients were followed-up between 12 to 36 months with the average of 21 months. Paley fracture healing standard showed that 11 cases were excellent,3 cases were good,and 1 case was general,excellent and good cases accounted for 93.3%. In this research,all patients were cured (15/15). Conclusion:Superficial peroneal vascular tibiofibularfascia pedicel tibiofibular periosteal flap and interlocking intramedullary nailing cloud treat nonunion of tibia well with stable internal fixation and promotion of the healing of nonunion,and be worthy to be promoted and applied.