Abstract:Objective: To explore the promotion role of PGE2 stimulating on the growth of endometrial cancer cells in vitro and its molecular mechanisms. Methods: Detection the expression of β-catenin protein between normal endometrium and endometrial cancer by immunochemical EnVision method. Cell growth rates were assessed by WST-8 method. The expression levels of β-catenin,p-β-catenin,GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β were examined by Western Blot analysis. Immunofluorescence technique was applied to compare the location of β-catenin protein between the control group and the PGE2 treated group. Results: β-catenin only expressed on the membrane of endometrial tissue,while expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and nuclear of endometrial cancer tissues. When cells were treated with DMSO,PGE2,Butaprost and AH6809 for 24 h,the cell growth rates were 100% ,183.9%,151.9% and 72.1%,respectively. With the stimulation of PGE2,β-catenin increased to 235.7%,p-β-catenin to 76.8%,and p-GSK-3β to 204.3%,and the datum were 279.7%,33.6%,236.7% in Butaprost combined PGE2 treatment group,and 185.2%,73.9%,116.2% in AH6809 combined PGE2 treatment group. β-catenin protein had much stronger signals in PGE2 treated group than control group,with the signals located in cytoplasm and nuclei by immunofluorescence observation. Conclusion: PGE2 could prmote proliferation of Ishikawa cells accompanied with β-catenin overexpressing and transfering into nuclear,and both Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and EP2 receptor activating might be involved in the process.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the effect and the related mechanisms of fucoidan on hepatoma cell proliferation. Methods: Proliferation inhibition rate of hepatoma HepG2 cells was measured by MTT. A variety of dosage of fucoidan (0 μg/ml,10 μg/ml,100 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml) was treated to HepG2 cells. The morphology changes of the cells were observed under microscopy. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and DNA Ladder analysis. CyclinD1 and topoisomerase IIα(TopoIIα) were as the proliferation biomarker. Their protein expression levels were examined by Western blot. Results: Fucoidan inhibited HepG2 cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. There was a remarkable morphological change when cells were treated with 500 μg/ml of fucoidan. Apoptosis was occurred when the cells were incubated with 100 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml of fucoidan. In addition,fucoidan also suppressed the expression of cyclinD1 and TopoIIα in HepG2 cells. Conclusion: Fucoidan can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and induce apoptosis. Meanwhile,fucoidan also has the ability to suppress the protein expression of cyclinD1 and topoIIα,which may be involved in the mechanisms of inhibiting hepatoma cells proliferation.

Abstract:Objective: To discuss the relation between the methylation of Dactl promoter and expression of Dactl mRNA in renal cancer. Methods: The tissue specimens from 30 cases of renal cancer and corresponding nomal tissues were included,and CpG island methylation of Dact1 gene was detected by methylation specific PCR(MSP),and the mRNA expression of Dactl was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerse chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results: The expression of Dactl mRNA was silenced in 19(63%) and down-regulated in 7(23%) specimens of renal cancer tissues,while down-regulated in 2 (6%) specimens of adjacent control tissues. The positive rates of methylation of Dactl promoter in renal cancer tissues and the corresponding control tissues were 70% and 6%,respectively. The positive rate in renal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the corresponding control tissues(P < 0.01). The correlation analysis of the silencing and down-regulation of Dactl gene and the methylated condition of Dactl promoter displayed statistical significance(P < O.05). Conclusion: The silencing or down-regulation of Dactl mRNA maybe participate in the renal carcinogenesis,and is related to the methylation of Dactl promoter.

Abstract:Objective: To detect expression of PTEN gene at lung cancer tissue and probe the relationships between PTEN expression and lung cancer. Methods: The expression of PTEN DNA was detected by in situ PCR. Results: ①The expression of PTEN DNA were mainly situated in nucleus,and partly in cytoplasm. The positive signal were buffy and suffusing distribution. ②The expression of PTEN gene were different in gender,but the difference were minute. ③The positive expression rate of PTEN DNA in NSCLC was higher than that in SCLC. ④The positive expression rate of PTEN in poorly differentiated lung cancer tissue was lower than that in secondary-differentiated and well-differentiated tissue. ⑤Expression of PTEN in 19 patients with lymph node metastasis was obviously lower than that in 37 without no-lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Expression of PTEN gene in lung carcinoma was lower than that in normal lung tissue,which indicated that down-regulation expression of PTEN possibly play an important role in carcinogenesis and development. And expression of PTEN has no correlation with gender of lung cancer patients,while correlated with classify,differentiation,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of lung cancer.

Abstract:Objective: To study the expression and distribution of ZBED3(zinc finger,BED-type containing 3) in mouse oocyte,and explore its role in oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Methods: The expressional level of ZBED3 mRNA in multipule tissues was analyzed using bioinformatic resources. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression and distribution of ZBED3 in mouse oocyte. Results: The result of bioinformatic analysis showed that ZBED3 mRNA was specificly expressed in mouse oocyte and fertilized egg. Western blot confirmed the high-level expression of ZBED3 protein in mouse oocyte. And the result of immunohistochemistry showed the positive signal of ZBED3 was centralized in the cytoplasm of oocyte. Conclusion: ZBED3 maybe play roles in oocyte maturation and early embryo development.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on the skeletal development of zebrafish embryo and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)-2 and BMP-4 genes. Methods: Zebrafish embryos were separately exposed to 0.125 mg/L,1.000 mg/L PCB1254 or pure water. Embryos were assessed for changes in embryonic survival and spinal deformity rate. BMP-2 and BMP-4 genes were assessed at 120 hours post-fertilization. Results: ① Low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls did not cause obvious changes of the survival or spinal deformity rate;② The survival rate declined and the spinal deformity rate increased obviously when zebrafish embryos were exposed to the high concentrations of PCBs(1 mg/L);③ The expression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 gene declined obviously in the PCB-treated larvae at concentrations 0.125 mg/L and 1.000 mg/L compared with their controls. Conclusion: Embryonic exposure to high levels of PCBs induced developmental deficit in zebrafish skeleton,which suggests the value of monitoring organic contaminant.

Abstract:Objective: To study morphological evolution of fetal lung in SD rats and establish continuous systematic morphological datum. Methods: Fetal lungs at embryonic day16(E16),E19,E21,were taken out respectively,and were observed by HE staining under light microscope and electric microscope. Results: At E16,epithelial tract began to appear,which was constructed by tall epithelium,and developed many airway branches. At E19,alveolar space extended gradually,then lamellar body and type-II pneumonocytes began to emerge. At E21,alveolar separation increased gradually,and mesenchyma turned into thiner than before. At the same time the number of lamellar body increased gradually. Conclusion: The fetal lung development is a gradual process. In fact,this process will continue to postnatal stage. The appearance of lamellar body is the sign of differentiation of type-II pneumonocytes,and it increases along with lung development.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the protective effect of Elk antlers ethanolic fluidextract(EAEF) on gonad function impairment of male mice induced by cyclophosphamide(CP). Methods: The model of gonad function depression was prepared by repeatedly intraperitoneal injection of CP. Low and high dose of EAEF were given to mice with oral administration to intervene this process,then the level of testosterone and luteinizing hormone in serum were detected;the weight index of sex organ and accessory sex organ were observed;sperm density and sperm activity were detected;the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde(MDA) content were measured. Meanwhile the histopathological changes in testis were observed by light microscopy. Results: EAEF reversed the decline of testosterone and luteinizing hormone level in serum,enhanced the testicle mass index,sperm density and sperm activity,increased SOD activity and decreased content of MDA in testis,as well alleviated the histologic pathological formation in testis in cyclophosphamide-induced model mice. Conclusion: EAEF has protective effect on gonad dysfunction impairment of male mice induced by CP,which might be related to its the gonadotropin hormone-like effect and antioxidation.

Abstract:Objective: To build the stress-induced premature senescence(SIPS) model with fibroblasts after repeated exposures to sub-toxic doses of ultraviolet B(UVB), and observe the expressions of senescence-associated biomarkers,senescence-associated signals including p53,p16,p21,sirtuin 1(SIRT1),as well as senescence-associated miRNAs such as miR-34c. Methods: Skin fibroblasts were repeatedly exposed to UVB irradiation at a dose of 10 mJ/cm2 for 5 times. After 5 days of treatment,SA-β-Gal staining was performed to evaluate the senescence state,flow cytometry to analyze cell cycle,and real-time quantitative PCR to determine mRNA expression of senescence-associated signals including p53,p16,p21,SIRT1 and miR-34c. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of p53,p21,p16 and SIRT1. Results: Compared with the control group,strong positive SA-β-Gal was observed in SIPS group,(94.72 ± 2.08)% in SIPS group compared with (8.13 ± 1.92)% in control group(P < 0.05). Most cells were arrested in G1 phase,(52.96 ± 1.76)% in control group compared with (77.31 ± 2.05)% in SIPS group(P < 0.05). Meanwhile,the expression of senescence-associated signals including p53,p16,p21,SIRT1 significantly increased after UVB exposure (0.74 ± 0.23,1.06 ± 0.23. 0.86 ± 0.13,0.74 ± 0.25 in control group while 1.84 ± 0.55,20.25 ± 2.34,16.7 ± 3.94,2.15 ± 0.22 in SIPS group,P < 0.05),so as to that of senescence-associated miRNAs such as miR-34c (0.93 ± 0.09 for miR-34c-3p and 1.03 ± 0.03 for miR-34c-5p in control group while 2.08 ± 0.19 for miR-34c-3p and 12.28 ± 1.64 for miR-34c-5p in SIPS group,P < 0.05). Western blot showed that p53,p21,p16 and SIRT1 protein expression significantly increased in SIPS group compared with those in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusion: The expression of miR-34c increases after repeated exposures to sub-toxic doses of UVB in skin fibroblasts,and it works as a positive feedback regulation to P53 while not inhibiting SIRT1.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the potential value of serum uric acid (SUA) level as a marker of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate 1 136 agency staff aged 40 to 92. Blood samples were collected for the determination of blood glucose,lipid profile and SUA. The relationship between MetS and SUA was analyzed. Results: The more components of MetS,the higher SUA levels. The prevalence of MetS elevated with the increasing SUA. SUA concentration was positively correlated with waist circumference(WC),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),waist-to-hight ratio(WHtR),body mass index(BMI),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) and systolic blood pressure(SBP),and negatively correlated with hight density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C). Multiple variants Logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal hypertension,central obese and high TG were main factors to hyperuricemia(HUA),female was the protective factor. Conclusion: HUA is common in middle-aged and elderly Chinese,increased SUA level significantly correlates with metabolic disorders. HUA was intimately related to MetS components and might be an important factor of MetS. SUA is more closely associated with MetS in females than in males.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the incidence and distribution of non-motor symptoms(NMS) in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease(PD),and its relationship with clinical features and various scales. Methods: Total 61 PD patients without taking any drugs and 89 normal controls were collected in outpatient visits,and their clinic information and related scales were evaluated. Results: 96.7% PD patients with NMS commonly had decreased recent memory(62.3%,38 cases),decreased attention(57.4%,35 cases),constipation (49.2%,30 cases),and there were significant difference between PD group and normal group in those symptoms(P < 0.01). NMSQuest average score of the PD group (9.1 ± 5.2),moderate PD disease group (12.2 ± 4.6) and mild group (7.2 ± 3.7) were significantly higher than that of the control group (2.9 ± 2.5) (P < 0.01). NMSQuest was positively correlated with H-Y stage (rs = 0.3,P < 0.01),SDS (rs = 0.7,P < 0.01) and SAS (rs = 0.7,P < 0.01) respectively,and was negatively correlated with PDSS (rs = -0.6,P < 0.01), age,age at onset,gender,duration. UPDRS-Ⅲ score and MOCA were negatively correlated with NMSQuest. Conclusion: NMS in patients with newly diagnosed PD were complex and diverse,and patients with newly diagnosed PD had higher incidence rate than normal control. So we need to pay attention to NMS and treating at the early-stage of PD diseases.

Abstract:Objective: To analyze the prognostic factors of the gastric cancer patients after radical surgery. Methods: A total of 1 340 gastric cancer patients who received radical resection from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2009 were enrolled. The data concerning clinicopathological factors and adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among 1 340 patients,384 cases died and 956 patients are still alive. The overall survival rate for 1,3,5 years are 87%,63%,52% respectively. The results of univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that age,tumor size,lymphatic metastasis,blood vessel and perineural involvement,depth of invasion,number of metastatic nodes,TNM stages were recognized as significant independent prognostic factors(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Age,tumor size,lymphatic metastasis,blood vessel and perineural involvement,depth of invasion,number of metastatic nodes and TNM stage can be helpful for prognosis and treatment regimen of gastric cancer patients who received radical resection .

Abstract:Objective:To explore the molecular epidemiology character of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) by phenotyping and genotyping methods,and provide evidence of molecular epidemiology to prevent nosocomial infection(NI). Methods: In this study,40 CRAb strains were isolated from patients of intensive care unit(ICU). Broth dilution method were used to detect patterns of resistant against 14 antimircobial agents,and multiplex PCR was performed to detected class D β-lactamase encoding genes. Phenotype of metallo-β-lactamase were detected by EDTA disk method,blaIMP,blaVIM,blaSIM amplified by PCR method. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) was analyzed to find the relationship among these isolates. Results: All CRAb kept low susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin and levofloxacin, but resistance to other agents. All CRAb producing carbapenemases were confirmed as OXA-23 by PCR and sequencing. A promoter ISAba1 was found in the upstream of OXA-23. Metallo-β-lactamase was negative in any of the isolates. They were classified into 4 clones based on PFGE pattern. Clone A and D had been spreading widely. In all 40 infection patients,34(85.0%) were respiratory tract infections,5(12.5%) were wound infection,1(2.5%) were bloodstream infections. After clinical treatment,21 (52.5%) survived,12 (30.0%) died,and 7 were not discharged. Conclusion: All CRAb caused outbreak producing OXA-23 carbapenemase,and the main genetypes included clone A and clone D. And with the role of antimicrobial drug-selective pressure,full-resistant strains have appeared.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the correlation between the virus load and hepatitis B virus large surface protein(LHBs)in serum from chronic hepatitis B patients with e antigen negative,so as to evaluate whether LHBs can be used as a marker to determine the replication extent of hepatitis B virus in patients with negative hepatitis B e antigen(HbeAg). Methods: Sera from 83 chronic hepatitis B patients with HBeAg negative were collected. LHBs level was detected by ELISA,with HBeAg tested by automatic immune analyzer and HBV DNA analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method. The correlation between the detection rates of LHBs in three groups (HBV DNA no-copy group,low-copy group and high-copy group) and the copy number of HBV DNA was analyzed. Results: In HBV DNA no-copy group,the positive rate of LHBs was 6.38%;in low-copy group,the positive rate was 56.25%,and the logarithm of copy number didn’t have statistical correlation with the absorbance values of LHBs in those two groups(r = 0.25,P = 0.36);in high-copy group,the positive rate was 56.25%,and there was significant correlation between the logarithm of copy number and the absorbance value of LHBs(r = 0.90,P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The detection of LHBs in chronic hepatitis B patients with HBeAg-negative contributes to evaluate the replication extent of HBV in patients. However,whether it can be used as an effective marker to guide the antiviral therapy of HBeAg-negative patients remains to be further studied.

Abstract:Objective: To compare the arterial spin labeling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced(DSC)magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and explore the clinical application of ASL technique in the pre-operation of gliomas. Methods: Twenty-three patients with gliomas(all the cases were verified histologically,including 17 patients of high-grade gliomas,6 patients of low-grade gliomas) were routinely examined by 3T MRI including ASL and DSC before operation. The maximal cerebral blood flow of solid regions of tumor (TBFmax) and the cerebral blood flow (CBF) of opposite white matter,grey matter and hemisphere were measured on maps. Results: All of 23 cases demonstrated consistency between ASL and DSC MR imagings. The ratio of TBFmax/opposite white matter CBF,TBFmax/opposite grey matter CBF,TBFmax/opposite hemisphere CBF revealed no statistically significant difference between the two techniques. But there were statistical differences between high-grade and low-grade gliomas. Conclusion: The noninvasive and repeatable ASL technique was almost as sensitive as DSC MRI in detecting brain gliomas perfusing abnormalities. It is helpful to give the gradation of gliomas before operation.

Abstract:Objective: To study the early diagnositic value of olfactory bulb volume measurement with MRI to Alzheimer’ disease. Methods: Total of 31 patients with Alzheimer’ disease(AD) and 31 healthy elderly control was measured about olfactory bulb volume and hippocampal volume with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their congnition function were measured by mini-mental status examination(MMSE),relationship between MMSE and olfactory bulb volume or hippocampal volume were analyzed. Results: AD group was significantly atrophy compared with the controls in olfactory bulb volume and hippocampal volume(P < 0.01). The correlation in AD group was found between hippocampal volume and MMSE scores (r = 0.44,P < 0.05),and between olfactory bulb volume and MMSE scores (r = 0.49,P < 0.05). A significant correlation in AD group was found between olfactory bulb volume and hippocampal volume (r = 0.69,P < 0.01). The specificity and sensitivity of olfactory bulb volume measurement with MRI to Alzheimer’ disease are respectively 0.65 and 0.78. The specificity and sensitivity of hippocampal volume measurement with MRI to Alzheimer’disease are respectively 0.91 and 0.74. Conclusion: Olfactory bulb volume in patients with AD was significantly smaller,and has significant correlation with congnition function reduction,but the diagnostic accuracy of olfactory bulb volume measurement with MRI to AD is no better than that of hippocampal volume.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate factors of dual-source CT coronary angiography image quality and suggest measures to improve the image quality. Methods: Total 300 patients through dual-source CT coronary angiography were randomly selected as control group from January 2009 to January 2011,and were divided into Ⅰto Ⅳ from priority to poor compared with similar studies according to quality of evaluation criteria,then factors of dual-source CT coronary angiography image quality were analyzed. Meanwhile,300 patients through improved measures were randomly selected as modified group from February 2011 to August 2011. Results: The image quality in control group were grade Ⅰ:232 cases(77.3%);grade Ⅱ:48 cases(16.0%);grade Ⅲ:16 cases (5.3%);grade Ⅳ:4 cases(1.3%);the factors of dual-source CT coronary angiography image quality were severe coronary artery calcification,respiratory artifacts,severe arrhythmia artifacts,superior vena cava,right atrium,high-density contrast agent produced artifacts,inappropriate choice of monitoring the level of the trigger points and inappropriate choice of phase reconstruction. The image quality in modified group were grade Ⅰ:263 cases (87.7%);grade Ⅱ:26 patients (8.7%);grade Ⅲ:10 cases (3.3%);grade Ⅳ:1 (0.3%). Image quality grading differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P < 0.01). Conclusion: Optimizing CT scan parameters and proposing appropriate measures,had important significance to improve the quality of coronary imaging.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the value of color Doppler ultrasonography for assessing early forecast of biliary complications after liver transplantation by examing hemodynamic changes. Methods: Total 156 patients after liver transplantation were examined by color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI). Following results were obtained including hepatic arterial peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index(RI),portal venous maximum velocity(PVV) as well as hepatic venous Doppler wave pattern. The process of hemodynamic changes was analyzed retrospectively. Thirty patients with biliary complication after liver transplantation were compared with 40 without any other complications control group. Results: ① Hepatic arterial PSV was lower within postoperative 30 days and hepatic arterial RI was higher within 15 days than those of the control group (P < 0.05). ② Twenty-two patients of 30 with biliary complication were diagnosed to have clinically relevant acute rejection(AR). From postoperative day 6 to 14,the serial change of decreasing PVV was significantly greater in patients with clinically relevant AR than that of the control group(P < 0.05). ③ The changes of hepatic venous flow pattern from triphasic to two-phase or monophasic were observed in patient with acute rejection. Conclusion: Hemodynamic changes examined by CDFI have the feasibility to predict biliary complication after liver transplantation resulting from poor hepatic artery blood supply,acute rejection and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the value of transrectal contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in the differential diagnosis of prostate begin and malignant nodules. Methods: Thirty-three patients with 38 nodes were examined with transrectal ultrasound(TRUS) and CEUS. And then nodule-target TRUS guided biopsy was performed on those nodules. After biopsy,datum of CEUS were replayed and time intensity curves(TIC) of regions of interest(ROI) were analyzed with auto tracking contrast quantification(ACQ)software. Several parameters were measured on each nodule. Statistic analyses of all data were performed between the groups divided by pathologic results. Results: Twenty of 38 nodules were benign and the other 18 ones were malignant. Most of prostate cancer nodules showed increased enhancement(14/18). However,the benign nodules mainly showed equal enhancement(14/20). The average time to peak (TTP) and accelerating time (ACT) of malignant nodule,(26.03± 3.12) s and (8.22± 3.07) s respectively,were shorter than those of benign nodule,(30.98± 7.15) s and (12.26± 5.30) s,respectively(P < 0.05). And peak intensity (PI) of prostate cancer nodule,(20.43± 5.32) dB,was lower than that of benign lesion,(23.51± 2.51) dB,P < 0.05. The difference of two groups had statistical significance. Conclusion: CEUS could reveal the presence of vasculature within the lesions of prostate cancer objectively. TTP,ACT and PI could help to discriminate prostate malignant lesions from benign ones.

Abstract:Objective:To study the expression of Stat3,Bcl-2 and cyclinD1 in process of malignant change of oral premalignant lesions. Methods: Expression of Stat3 and cyclinD1 were detected in normal oral epithelia,simple hyperplasia epithelia,dysplasia epithelia and oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) by immunohistochemical assay. Results: From normal mucosa,hyperplasia epithelia,dysplasia epithelia to OSCC,the value of IOD increased stepwise. There were statistical significances of Stat3 expression between every two groups in all groups except for between normal mucosa and hyperplasia epithelia groups,as well as expressions of Bcl-2 and cyclinD1. The expression of Stat3 was linear positively correlated to that of Bcl-2 and cyclinD1. No relationship was found between Bcl-2 and cyclinD1. Conclusion: The relationships among Stat3,Bcl-2 and cyclinD1 indicate that more than one genes participate in the process of malignant change of oral premalignant lesions.

Abstract:Objective:To observe effects of Gelatamp colloidal silver gelatin sponge in preventing complications caused by extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. Methods: Total 582 patients with impacted mandibular third molars were quasi-randomly assigned into two groups with 297 in the test group and 285 in the control group. In test group,Gelatamp colloidal silver gelatin sponge was put into the socket after the extraction of impacted mandibular third molar,while nothing was put into the socket after the extraction in control group. Patients visited at 0.5 h,3 d and 7 d after the extraction. Complications were observed and the incidence rate was calculated. Results: The incidence rate of postoperative complications in test group was lower than that in control group,and there were significant differences between the test group and the control group(P < 0.05) Conclusion: Gelatamp colloidal silver gelatin sponge can effectively prevent complications caused by extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. Therefore it is recommendable in clinical practice.

Abstract:Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jiangsu Province during 1950-2010 and provide evidence for strategies and measures of measles elimination. Methods: Measles epidemiology and control measures were analyzed with descriptive epidemiology. Results: Following the EPI activities,the reported incidence of measles decreased greatly during the past 50 years in Jiangsu Province,sustaining at a lower level of 3/100 000 from 1998 to 2004. However,in 2005 through 2009,a dramatic increase in measles cases occurred,and the average annual incidence was 7.7/100 000 during this period. In addition to the increased number of cases,two changes in age and region distributions of cases occurred. During the resurgence,22.69% and 32.71% of all reported cases were in children < 1 year and 20-to-39-year-old adults. The region of high incidence was transmitted from the north to south in Jiangsu. Genotype H1 is the major genotype,and H1a becomes the predominant sub-genotype of indigenous measles viruses circulated in Jiangsu. Measles vaccine(MV) supplementary immunization activities(SIAs) were implemented from 2007 to 2010 and the targeted age groups were children who were more than seven months and less than 15 years old. The incidence of measles declined rapidly and it was 0.95/100 000 in 2010. Conclusion: MV SIAs is an additional and effective support for routine immunization,and it played an important role for measles control. The timeliness and coverage of childhood vaccinations must be improved,and innovative strategies will be required to improve measles immunity among adults. A school entry requirement of two doses of MV should be strengthened in order to attain extremely high coverage. It is necessary to develop the further measles surveillance and measles virus laboratory net-works to monitor the progress and guide actions to achieve measles elimination.

Abstract:Objective: To analyze the characteristics of opportunistic infections(OIs) in patients with HIV/AIDS in Nanjing and the relationship between the frequency of OIs and the CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. Methods: The characteristics of 187 hospital patients with HIV/AIDS were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were admitted into the Department of Infectious Disease of the Second Hospital of Nanjing from 2004 to 2009. Results: Among 187 patients,109 (58.29%) had OIs,with 263 episodes totally. The prevalence in patients with baseline CD4+ cell counts ≥200 cells /μl(9.38%,6/64) was significantly lower than that in patients with CD4+ cell < 200 cells/μl (83.74%,103/123) (χ2 = 95.75,P < 0.05). The multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the baseline CD4+ counts of patients were significantly related to OIs(OR = 0.977,P < 0.001). With the CD4+ counts continuous were declining,the proportion of clinical symptoms and OIs of patients were gradually rising. Conclusion: The most common OIs in patients with HIV/AIDS were respiratory infections,oral candidacies,Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP),tuberculosis and viral herpes. In the course of daily treatment,the CD4+ cell counts should be periodically detected,relevant prevention measures of infections should be given,and follow-up and information management should be strengthened.

Abstract:Objective:To explore whether stem cell was expressed in rabbit endometrium. Methods: The markers of epithelial cell and stromal cell were detected by fluorescence activated cell sorter(FACS);Endometrial cells were cultured in stem cell culture medium;Sox2 and Oct4 expression in the colonies and the differentiated cells were characterized by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR);Apoptosis and cell proliferation were detected by FACS and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) method,respectively. Results: Rabbit endometrium contains epithelial cells and stromal cells,stem cells colonies can be cultured in stem cell culture medium,and the colonies with Oct4 and Sox2 expression showed higher proliferation potential and lower apoptosis than differentiated cells. Conclusion: The colonies with stem cell properties indicated the existence of endometrial stem cell in rabbit endometrium