Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of inositol requiring enzyme 1α(IRE1α) on pancreas development of Xenopus laevies. Methods:The gene-specific antisense oligonucleotides,morpholino (MO)s,were microinjected to knockdown IRE1α and XBP1. The whole mount in situ hybridization of Xenopus embryos was used to detect the gene expression. Results:IRE1α was expressed in developing pancreas in Xenopus. There were serious defects in gut development observed in IRE1α knockdown embryos of Xenopus. The expression of the endocrine marker gene(insulin) and the exocrine pancreas marker gene(amylase) was undetectable during tadpole stages of development in IRE1α knockdown embryos compared to the control embryos. The expression of the pancreas progenitor cell marker genes (pdx1 and p48) was repressed significantly. And after knockdown of XBP1,the expression of insulin and amylase decreased significantly and can’t be detectable. Conclusion:IRE1α plays an essential role in pancreas development of Xenopus and may be through XBP1 dependent pathway.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the growth of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell(AECⅡ) and dynamic expression of AECⅡ specific protein ATP binding cassette transporter A3(ABCA3) in vitro. Methods:Lung tissues of 19-day fetal rats were digested with trypsin and collagenase,then screened for AECⅡ with different centrifugal force and repeated attachment. AECⅡ was identified by electron microscopy. Growth status and shape of attached cells in different time were observed with inverted phase contrast microscope,and the cell growh was assayed by MTT assay. The dynamic expression of ABCA3 in AECⅡ was detected by immunofluorescence. Results:The characteristic lamellar bodies of ACEⅡ with varying size and amount were observed under electron microscopy. The obsorbance value of AECⅡ cells by MTT at 24 h,36 h,48 h,72 h,96 h,120 h was 0.177 ± 0.009,0.193 ± 0.011,0.212 ± 0.019, 0.253 ± 0.019,0.243 ± 0.012,0.192 ± 0.011 respectively. Cell morphology under microscope gradually became elongating and flattening,and the intracellular particles gradually reduced. Simultaneously,the immunofluorescence assay result showed that ABCA3 expression in AECⅡ cells gradually decreased with the culture time prolonged. Conclusion:Primary cultured AECⅡ has the best growth status and the most abundant ABCA3 expression in the early culture time,therefore this period (primary culture for 72 hours or less) is optimum time to research mechanism of diseases associated with lung development.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the possible mechanisms of signal transduction pathways of heme oxygenase(HO)-1 expression induced by lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Methods:H9c2 cells were exposed to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation with or without pretreatment of LXA4,nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor(ATRA),p38MAPK inhibitor(SB203580),LXA4 combined with ATRA,and LXA4 combined with SB203580. The mRNA transcription and protein expression of HO-1,Nrf2 and p38MAPK was examined by RT-PCR,Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Results:Compared with hypoxia/reoxygenation group,the mRNA transcription and protein expression of HO-1 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes pretreated with LXA4 increased significantly(P < 0.05). The expression of HO-1 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes decreased (P < 0.05) after treated with ATRA or SB203580. ATRA blocked the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and decreased HO-1 protein expression induced by LXA4 pretreatment(P < 0.05). SB203580 inhibited the phosphorylation level of p38MAPK and decreased HO-1 protein expression induced by LXA4 pretreatment(P < 0.05). Conclusion:LXA4 can induce HO-1 over-expression which has protective effect on H9c2 cardiomyocytes of hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Its mechanism is related to p38MAPK/Nrf2 signal transduction pathways.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced injury in isolated thoracic aorta of rats. Methods:Thoracic aortic rings were isolated from normal Sprague-Dawley rats,subsequently exposed to 300 μmol/L H2O2 to establish an oxidative stress model. The thoracic aortic rings were pre-treated with 25 μmol/L,50 μmol/L or 100 μmol/L of NaHS followed by incubation with 300 μmol/L H2O2. The endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant function of thoracic aortic rings was measured by a pressure transducer coupled to a Labchart V6 System. Production of ROS was evaluated using DHE fluorescent staining assay. The expressions of protein MAPK/ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in thoracic aortic were determined by Western blot analysis. Results:H2O2 of 300 μmol/L can decrease vasorelaxant function in rats’ thoracic aortic rings. Pre-treated with 50 μmol/L or 100 μmol/L of NaHS can attenuate the damage and decrease the production of ROS caused by H2O2. H2O2 also activated MAPK/ERK pathway in the isolated rats’ thoracic aorta,which could be inhibited by NaHS of 50 μmol/L or 100 μmol/L. Conclusion:H2S may have protective effect against H2O2-induced injury through ERK signal pathway in isolated thoracic aorta of rats.

Abstract:Objective:To study the protective effects and mechanisms of oleanic acid on damaged human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Methods:HUVECs were divided into control group,H2O2 group(200 mol/L H2O2 treatment),H2O2 of 200 mol/L combined with OA of 0.25 mol/L treatment group,H2O2 of 200 mol/L combined with OA of 0.50 mol/L treatment group,H2O2 of 200 mol/L combined with OA of 1.00 mol/L treatment group,H2O2 of 200 mol/L combined with vitamin C of 1.50 mmol/L treatment group. Cell viability was determined by MTT method. Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and nitric oxide (NO) content in the supernatant were determined by biochemical method. The activity of malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the cell lysate was determined by biochemical method. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Results:OA restored the H2O2-injuried cell viability,reduced the H2O2-induced LDH release,and reduced H2O2-induced MDA formation,recovered H2O2-injuried GSH-Px and SOD activity,removed H2O2-induced ROS,reduced the H2O2-induced apoptosis,and enhanced the NO production in HUVECs. Conclusion:OA has a protective effect on HUVECs,which is related to initiating the antioxidant defense,getting rid of ROS,inhibiting H2O2-induced apoptosis,and improving NO production in HUVECs.

Abstract:Objective:To express methyl-CpG-binding domain(MBD) recombinant proteins in E. coli. Methods:DNA encoding MBD of human methyl-CpG-binding protein 2(Mecp2) was optimized for E. coli preferred codons. The codon-optimized MBD coding sequence was synthesized,and then was subcloned into pGS21a to construct recombinant expression plasmid. Recombinant protein expression was induced in E. coli Rosseta-gami(DE3). Recombinant proteins were detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot,and then purified using Nickel-affinity chromatography columns. The interaction between recombinant MBD proteins and methylated DNA was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance(SPR). Results:Enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing demonstrated the prokaryotic expression vector carrying codon-optimized MBD gene was successfully constructed. SDS-PAGE and Western blot results indicated that recombinant MBD proteins were expressed in E. coli. Finally,recombinant MBD proteins with the relative molecular weight of 38 000 were purified by affinity chromatography. SPR analysis demonstrated that the recombinant MBD proteins could bind methylated DNA specially. Conclusion:The prokaryotic expression vector carrying codon-optimized MBD gene was successfully constructed,and recombinant MBD proteins were expressed in E. coli scucessfully.

Abstract:Objective:To construct a recombinant adenovirus carrying human interleukin (hIL)-10 gene and identify its expression and protection effect on rat hepatocytes during liver injury. Methods:The hIL-10 gene was amplified by PCR from template plasmid pORF-hIL10,then digested with endonuclease and inserted into pDC315 to recombine adenovirus Ad5-hIL10. Ad5-hIL10 was used to infect rat hepatocytes,and the hIL-10 expression was identified by immunology method. Rat hepatocyte injury model was established,and protection effect of the Ad5-hIL10 was investigated both in hepatocytes in vitro and rat models in vivo. Results:The recombinant adenovirus Ad5-hIL10 was recombined successfully. After infected with Ad5-hIL10,the expression level of hIL-10 in hepatocytes was increased with viral MOIs. The cell viability of virus-infected hepatocytes increased along with viral MOIs under carbon tetrachloride induction,being 92% when MOI=50. In rat model,compared with the control group and blank virus group,the hepatocyte hydropic degeneration and stroma inflammation in Ad5-hIL10-treated group were alleviated,and the liver function was improved(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The recombinant adenovirus Ad5-hIL10 has been successfully constructed,which was demonstrated to have activity of improving rat hepatocyte viability and protecting liver function.

Abstract:Objective:To elucidate the function of hypoxia,and investigate the underlying mechanisms whereby hepatic carcinoma cell migration is regulated. Methods:Under hypoxia microenvironment,the migration of MHCC-97L hepatic carcinoma cells were detected using wound healing assay. Then we analyzed the migration of MHCC-97L cells after blocking Wnt5a expression using siRNA. Results:The mRNA transcription of HIF-1α and Wnt5a in MHCC-97L cells were upregulated under hypoxia microenvironment. HIF-1α siRNA suppressed the mRNA transcription of Wnt5a in MHCC-97L cells under hypoxia microenvironment. Wnt5a siRNA were capable of retarding hypoxia-induced MHCC-97L cell migration. Conclusion:It is demonstrated that hypoxia promotes MHCC-97L cell migration via HIF-1α and Wnt5a signaling. These findings could provide a rationale for designing novel therapy based on inhibition of hepatic carcinoma metastasis.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of silence PTTG expression by small interference RNA(siRNA) on proliferation and radiotherapeutic sensitivity of endometrial carcinoma cells(HEC-1A). Methods:Vectors pSilencer3.0-H1-PTTG-SiRNA were constructed to transcribe functional siRNA specially targeting PTTG. The interfering plasmids were used to transfect HEC-1A cells with lipofectmine 2000 transfection reagent. PTTG protein expression levels were analyzed by Western blot method. The HEC-1A cells were treated with PTTG siRNA,radiotherapy and PTTG siRNA combined with radiotherapy,and cells without transfection were as control. MTT assay was used to detected cell proliferation,and the apoptosis of HEC-1A cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results:Recombinant siRNA expression vector targeting PTTG was constructed. The result of MTT showed that the growth of HEC-1A cells was influenced after PTTGsiRNA transfection,radiotherapy and PTTGsiRNA transfection combined with radiotherapy. Inhibitory rate of radiotherapy group,PTTGsiRNA group and PTTGsiRNA combined with radiotherapy group were(31.39 ± 5.62)%,(38.37 ± 4.48)%,(54.65 ± 6.27)%,respectively. The apoptosis rate at 48 h of control group,radiotherapy group,PTTGsiRNA group,PTTGsiRNA combined with radiotherapy group were (6.53 ± 0.80)%,(32.72 ± 4.56)%,(38.96 ± 4.37)%,(64.76 ± 6.53)%,respectively,by the flow cytometry analysis. There were significant differences between control group and PTTGsiRNA group or radiotherapy group,and there were significant differences between PTTGsiRNA combined with radiotherapeutic group and PTTGsiRNA group or radiotherapy group. Conclusion:The siRNA expression vector targeting PTTG was successfully constructed.PTTG RNA interference may inhibit the cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in endometrial carcinoma cells,which can upregulate radiotherapeutic sensitivity of HEC-1A cells.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the malignant arrhythmia of swine models in plugging left anterior descending artery (LAD) at different segments and its association with QT and QTc interval. Methods:Total 22 swine were chosen to undergo occlusion of coronary artery with balloon angioplasty. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the occlusion position of balloon:①Sham group:no occlusion of LAD(n = 4);② The occlusion at lower 1/3 segment of LAD group(n = 9); ③ The occlusion at middle segment of LAD group(n = 9). Then the incidence of malignant arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation) was observed in the process of molding,and the QT and QTc interval were analyzed after models made successfully. Results:The incidence of ventricular fibrillation in the middle segment of LAD plugging group was significantly higher than the lower 1/3 segment of LAD plugging group (100% vs 33.33%,P < 0.05). After the models constructed,the QT interval between the two groups showed no significant difference [(362.11±29.18) ms vs (338.78 ± 22.65) ms,P > 0.05]. However,the QTc interval was significantly longer in the middle segment of LAD plugging group than in the lower 1/3 segment of LAD plugging group[ (462.67 ± 27.55) ms vs (425.56 ± 21.96)ms,P < 0.01). Conclusion:Malignant arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction in swine models was associated with prolonged QTc interval.

Abstract:Objective:To establish an effective model and evaluation system for lysolecithin (LPC) induced demyelination in dorsal funiculus of cervical spinal segment in the adult mice. Methods:The adult mice were injected with 0.4 μl 1% LPC or normal saline into the dorsal funiculus of the 5th cervical (C5) spinal segment using glass-needle-capped syringe under the microscope. One week post surgery,mice were sacrificed and perfused,and segments of C4 to C6 were dissected and embedded in paraffin. Serial coronal sections were stained with toludine blue. The 3D cartoon of demyelinated area of total serial sections was rebuilt,and the volume of the demyelinated area was measured by Amira 4.1.1 software. The demyelinated axons were also observed by electron microscope. Results:No obvious motor and sensory abnormity were found after mice recovered from the anesthesia. Toludine blue staining result showed that there was the light blue or pale demyelination area around the injection point,and the volume of which was about (1.41 ± 0.05) × 106 μm3. The demyelinated axons were confirmed by electron microscopy observation. Conclusion:Precise injection of LPC into the C5 dorsal funiculus of mice can stably induce the axonal demyelination.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the association of the expression level of serum miRNA and the incidence of pancreatic cancer. Methods: Using TaqMan low density array systematically screened the differentially expressed miRNA between the 24 pancreatic cancer patients and the 24 healthy controls. Then those miRNAs that satisfied the criteria were selected for further individual qRT-PCR confirmation. Results: The expression levels of two miRNAs (miR-451 and miR-409-3p) were confirmed to be significantly different in the pancreatic cancer patients and the controls, and P-values were 0.004 1 and 0.005 7,respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.938 with sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 91.7%. Conclusion: The expression level of serum miR-451 and miR-409-3p can successfully distinguish the pancreatic cancer patients from the healthy.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the relationship between coagulation function,platelet(PLT)counting and tumor infiltration,the clinical stage and metastasis status in gastric cancer patients. Methods:A total of 229 patients with gastric cancer were included in the study,with 53 cases in stageⅠof TNM classification,45 cases in stage Ⅱ,116 cases in stage Ⅲ,15 cases in stage Ⅳ. According the depth of tumor infiltration,there were 36 cases of early gastric cancer and 193 cases of advanced gastric cancer .There were 73 cases without metastasis and 156 cases with metastasis. Fifty heathy volunteers were set as the control group. The prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen(FIB),antithrombase(AT)-Ⅲ and PLT were detected. Results:FIB,AT-Ⅲ and PLT were significantly higher in the group with gastric cancer than in the control group(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Along with the progression of tumor infiltration,the Levels of FIB and PLT became gradually higher. PT were obviously shorten in gastric cancer patients without metastasis than in control group(P < 0.05). FIB and PLT were significantly higher in group with metastasis than in group without metastasis and the normal group(P < 0.01). Conclusion:The patients with gastric cancer are usually accompanied with disorder of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. FIB and PLT significantly increasing associated with tumor infiltration,lymphatic and distal metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore,monitoring the coagulation indexes could be a useful way to diagnose and predict clinical stage of gastric cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed combined with platinum as first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) with asymptomatic brain metastasis. Methods:A total of thirty chemotherapy-naive NSCLC patients with asymptomatic brain metastasis were enrolled in this study,and all of these patients had been confirmed with NSCLC by pathology or cytology. Patients received pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 on day 1,and cisplatin 25 mg/m2 for three days or carboplatin(AUC=5) on day 1. Every 3 weeks as one cycle. All patients who received 1 or more cycles could be evaluated. Results:Thirty patients were evaluable for objective response. Local cerebral response assessment showed that 10 patients(33.3%)got a partial response(PR),14(46.7%) had a stable disease(SD) and 6(20%) had a progressive disease(PD). The response rate was 33.3%,the disease control rate was 80%,and the median time to progression was 6.5 months. Overall lesion assessment presented that 7(23.3%),14(46.7%)and 9(30%) patients got PR,SD and PD,respectively. The response rate was 23.3%,the disease control rate was 70%,and the progression-free survival was 5 months. The common adverse effects were hematological toxicity and gastrointestinal response,and the toxic reactions could be well controlled with relative therapy. Conclusion:Pemetrexed combined with platinum regimen is effective and well tolerable for advanced NSCLC with asymptomatic brain metastases.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the expression and location of IL-17A in the liver fibrosis and evaluate the clinical significances of IL-17A. Methods:The peripheral blood and liver tissue was collected from the patients with liver fibrosis. The serum IL-17A level was assayed by ELISA,and the expression and location of IL-17A in the liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results:Serum IL-17A level was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in control. IL-17A was mainly expressed in hepatic stellate cells,infiltrative neutrophil and lymphocyte,and bile ducts epithelium in the liver fibrosis tissue. The IL-17A expression in liver was correlated with Child-Pugh grades. Conclusion:IL-17A is critical in liver fibrosis,and the expression level of IL-17A may indicated the severity of liver fibrosis.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ) on numerous of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) in acute myocardial infraction(AMI). Methods:Twenty-eight patients with AMI and 30 controls with negative results of coronary artery angiography were selected in the study. The concentration of Ang-Ⅱ and stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α) in different periods of patients was determined with immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Circulating EPCs were stained with anti-CD34,VEGF and CD133 antibodies,and then the ratio of EPCs to plasma mononuclear cells was analyzed by three-colour flow cytometry. Results:The concentration of Ang-Ⅱ in acute stage of AMI patients was(90.40 ± 6.39) pg/ml and higher than that of AMI patients in recovery stage[(72.57 ± 2.42)pg/ml] and control group[(69.14 ± 3.73)pg/ml](P = 0.002 4). But the concentration of SDF-1α of AMI patients in acute stage was (171.10 ± 35.81)pg/ml and had not significant difference with that of AMI patients in recovery stage[(130.30 ± 28.84)pg/ml] and control group[(116.50 ± 29.19)pg/ml](P = 0.370 3). Circulating EPCs were significantly increased in acute stage of AMI patients[(0.043 ± 0.004)%]compared with the recovery stage of AMI patients[(0.024 ± 0.010)%]and control group[(0.012 ± 0.001)%](P < 0.000 1). In acute stage of AMI patients,circulating EPCs had negative correlation with the concentration of Ang-Ⅱ (r = -0.801,P < 0.001),but had no correlation with the concentration of SDF-1α(r = -0.076,P = 0.702). Conclusion:Quantity of EPCs and concentration of Ang-Ⅱ increased in acute stage of AMI patients,but Ang-Ⅱ could reduce the quantity of EPCs.

Abstract:Objective:To study the relation of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) with carotid artery atherosclerosis in elderly patients with cerebral infarction. Methods:Two hundred and sixty patients with cerebral infarction were divided into normal intimated thickness(IMT) group(n = 24),increased IMT group(n = 62),stable plaque group (n = 110) and unstable plaque group(n = 64). Their IMT and carotid plaques were detected by high resolution B mode ultrasonography. And their serum levels of biochemical indicators,MMP-9 and TIMP-1,were measured and compared. Results:The serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels increased gradually in the 4 groups and were higher in the unstable plaque group than in the other three groups (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the arotid artery atherosclerosis was positively correlated with the body mass index (BMI),systolic blood pressure (SBP),triglycerides (TG),and lgMMP-9 of patients with cerebral infarction. And the stability of carotid plaque was positively correlated with the BMI,TG and lgMMP-9. Conclusion:Serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels are closely related with stability of carotid plaque in aged patients with cerebral infarction.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the mRNA and protein expression differences of vitamin D receptor(VDR) in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue of people with different BMI. Methods:Twenty people of normal BMI,35 people of overweight and 27 people of obesity were selected. The mRNA transcription levels of VDR were assayed by RT-PCR,and the VDR protein expression was measured by Western blot. Results:① In subcutaneous obesity tissue,mRNA transcription and protein expression of VDR was lower in obesity group than in the normal or overweight group(P < 0.05);② In omental adipose tissue,mRNA transcription and protein expression of VDR was highest in overweight group among 3 groups(P < 0.05). Compared with the overweight group,mRNA transcription and protein expression of VDR was lower in obesity group(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The VDR expression decreased in the obesity group,which may be one of the mechanisms of the poor clinical outcome of vitamin D intervention therapy.

Abstract:Objective:To obtain the detailed knowledge of aortic root anatomy for reducing complications and selecting device size in chinese patients with catheter aortic valve replacement. Methods:Distances from the aortic annulus (AA) to major landmarks were measured with Dual Source CT(DSCT) at end-systole(ES) and end-diastole(ED) in 34 patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and 39 controls without valve pathology. AA and left ventricular outer tract(LVOT) diameter were assessed in 2 directions by reconstructed coronal and sagittal views. Aortic root and LVOT diameters were also measured with transthoracic echocardiography(TTE). Results:Measurements of left and right coronary ostia height,coronary sinuses height,and sinus of Valsalva(SV) diameter did not differ significantly between controls and AS patients. AS patients had significantly larger diameter of AA,Sino-Tubular Junction(STJ),ascending aorta (AO) and LVOT,larger thickness of interventricular septum (IVS) and larger distance of aorto-mitral continuity fibrous(CF) versus controls(P < 0.01). In all subjects,diameters of AA,SV and STJ,and thickness of IVS were significantly larger in ES than ED(P < 0.05). LVOT diameters were significantly smaller in ES than ED(P < 0.05). AA and LVOT diameters were larger under coronal view than under sagittal views in all subjects. DSCT and TTE methods were significantly correlated for measurement of AA (r = 0.84),SV (r = 0.87),STJ(r = 0.82) and AO(r = 0.82)(All P < 0.05). Conclusion:Aortic root dilatation,LVOT dilatation and elongation,IVS thickness and variable coronary ostial locations present in AS patients. TTE assessment had some limitations. Therefore,DSCT is recommended to select candidates and assess device size to avoid complications.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the initial bond strength of zirconia etched with two kinds of hot acid mixtures to resin. Methods: Total 32 zirconia ceramic blocks were manufactured and divided into 4 groups received different surface treatments. Group A, sandblasting; group B, sandblasting combined with hot H2SO4 and(NH4)2SO4 mixture etching 30 min, and applying Clearfil Ceramic Primer; group C, sandblasting combined with HF and HNO3 mixture etching 30 min, and applying Clearfil Ceramic Primer; group D, sandblasting and applying Clearfil Ceramic Primer. Thirty-two composite resin columns were prepared and cemented on the pre-treated zirconia blocks with composite resin cement. Shear bond strength(SBS) test were executed after water storage for 24 hours. The zirconia surfaces treated with different treatments were observed with a scanning electron microscope. Results: The SBS values were lowest in group A, and higher in group B and group C, among 4 groups, and had no significant difference between group B and group C. There were differences in surface morphology between the hot acid etched groups and the sandblasted group by SEM observation. Conclusion: Both the two acid mixtures are able to etch to zirconia surface, and the initial SBS of zirconia to resin can be improved thereby.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the results of application on automated-alert and response system of infectious diseases in Jiangsu province from 2009 to 2011,and to provide scientific evidence for the improvement of the system. Methods:Descriptive study is applied to analysis the outcome of signal,classification of diseases,response time to signal,and manner of signal verification,using the data of the infectious diseases automated-alert and response system from 2009 to 2011. Results:A total of 31 649 early-warning signals were detected from 2009 to 2011,with signal response rate of 99.93% and positive rate of 0.6%. There was a positive correlation between the number of signals and the notifiable disease in municipalities. The season distribution of signals had two peaks at spring-summer and fall-semester. The response rates were on rise year by year,with 99.79%,99.99% and 100.00% respectively. Comprehensive analysis,accounting for 54.02% in all methods of signal verification,was the primary method to verify the early-warning of a single case,and the median response time was 0.23 h to 0.33 h. Surveillance data analysis was accounting for 47.57%,for early-warning signal by the time model method,and the median response time was 0.49 h to 0.76 h. Conclusion:The infectious diseases automated-alert and response system was stable and effective. This system had an important role in the early discover of priority case and prediction of disease pandemics. However,to optimize the early warning system,better parameters of early-warning and source of data should be need.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the epidemiologic characteristics of emerging infectious diseases in Nantong city. Methods:Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the data from 2003 to 2011. Results:In the period of 2003-2011,216 accidents including class A,B,C and other infectious disease,which can be divided into 13 categories,were reported to the local public health bureau of Nantong. There was one accident of major emerging infectious disease event and 215 accidents (4 734 cases) of normal emerging infectious disease events. Among them,67.13% of the total accidents and 97.23% of the total cases were school emerging infectious disease. Most of the cases happened in the urban and rural primary schools. And 91.72% of all accidents and 91.34% of all cases in school emerging diseases were respiratory infectious diseases. Conclusion:The infectious disease control should focus on the respiratory disease in the urban and rural primary schools.

Abstract:Objective:To establish the referenced immunophenotyping values of T lymphocytes in the healthy Han nationality from Jiangsu province. Methods:Total 460 peripheral blood samples were collected from the healthy Han nationality (aged from 10 to 64 years old),which were detected by FACSCalibur flow cytometry. The data were analyzed by SPSS16.0. Results:The percentages of CD3+ and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes,and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood were significantly higher in female than in male. There was no significant difference in the absolute number of CD3+and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes,and the absolute number and the percentage of CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes between female and male groups. There were obvious differences in the above indexes during different ages,and the absolute numbers of CD3+,CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes decreased with the age increasing. The referenced immunophenotyping values of T lymphocytes(P5-P95) in the healthy Han nationality from Jiangsu province were as following. The percentages of CD3+,CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes were 50% to 79%,15% to 37% and 25% to 48% respectively in peripheral blood. The absolute numbers of CD3+,CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes were 902 to 2 665 cells/μl,281 to 1 106 cells/μl and 453 to 1 365 cells/μl respectively. Moreover,the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.77 to 2.70. Conclusion:The referenced immunophenotyping values of T lymphocytes in the healthy Han nationality from Jiangsu province has been established in the study,which provided important reference to researches and treatments relating to HIV/AIDS.

Abstract:Objective:To synthetically evaluate the risk factors of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in China. Methods:The relative researches of VPA were searched by domestic and abroad literature database,and literatures published in China selected were quantitatively analyzed by Meta-analysis. The pooled OR and its corresponding 95%CI were calculated by fixed effect model or random effect model. Results:Fourteen relative literatures were selected in this study,including 691 patients and 1 145 controls. Among nine risk factors,five factors had statistical significances. Risk factors of VAP and its value of OR were as follows:prophylactic antibiotic use (OR=6.60,95%CI:3.01~14.50),tracheostomy(OR=4.25,95%CI:2.32~7.76),nasal and gastric tube (OR=3.09,95%CI:1.85~5.16),enteral nutrition(OR=3.44,95%CI:1.22~9.68),glucocorticoid use(OR=3.28,95%CI:1.68~6.38). Conclusion:Special methods should be taken,according to the risk factors of VAP,to decrease the incidence rate of VAP in China.