Abstract:The number of words about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in The Dream of Red Mansions reaches about 50 000, attaching great importance to the spread of traditional Chinese culture and appreciation of Chinese ancient literature works. In terms of a new perspective, that is to say, semantic translation and communicative translation which complement each other, the article analyzed the translation differences of TCM in The Dream of Red Mansions between Yang’s version and David Hawkes’, and tried to summarize a series of specific and practical translation strategies for TCM knowledge in ancient Chinese literature.

Abstract:Objective: To find balance point for security and protection of civil rights in public health emergency response from legal perspective, and set up legal regulation on protection of human rights. Methods: Practice of Emergency Response Law was explored to improve and integrate rural health emergency system. Results: The key to overcome the uneven allocation of health resources in the rural health emergency response system was the effective control of government. Conclusion: It suggested that government should use legal means to achieve mutual coordination and functional convergence in order to improve the legal regulation of the rural public health emergency response.

Abstract:The authors researched the use of rational drugs after essential medicine policy implemented of community health service institutions in Gaochun County, then found although improved overall, the use of rational drugs still had some problems, including the average number of drugs per prescription was still higher than the standard of WHO, the total percentage of antibacterial prescribed and the percentage of injections prescribed were still too high, drugs which were not included in the list were used relatively high frequency. The authors also suggested that the assessment index for rational drug should be increase, reasonable policy of using drugs not listed in essential drug list should be made, and essential drugs list should be adjust properly.

Abstract:New financial and accounting system of the hospital has been carried out since 2012. Considering fixed asset standard and changes of calculation requirements, the author suggests that goals and methods of fixed asset management should be put forward to explore scientific and effective management style and improve social and economic benefit of the hospital.

Abstract:Asymmetric information and mistrust between doctor and patient are the main reason of medical disputes. Using the doctor-patient communication to transfer the doctor-patient knowledge is the main approach to solving this problem. The doctor-patient interaction is a typical two-way communication, which plays a very important role in the doctor-patient knowledge transfer. Our research designed the doctor-patient interaction questionnaire on the basis of review of literature, interviews and pre-research questionnaire, and then took the empirical investigation in Zhejiang province. The authors classified the patients by means of a cluster analysis into four groups with the situation of interactions. In view of behavioral characteristics of the patients,different doctor-patient interaction strategies were suggested in order to perform effective doctor-patient communication and interaction.

Abstract:China boasts its splendid culture that has developed over thousands of years. Of True Medicine, authored by Sun Simiao, is regarded as a classical and all-encompassing book for its thought of human-heartedness from Confucianism, wuwei (doing nothing) from Taoism, and benevolence from Buddhism. Tracing back its roots from the perspective of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and digging into its cultural core have special value on modern medical ethics and virtues.

Abstract:“Liability for Medical Malpractice” in chapter 7 of Tort Liability Law of PRC,based on the judicial practice with foreign experience for reference, creatively designs the imputation principle system of combining the common imputation principle and special imputation principle, which is helpful for reasonable solution to medical damage compensation disputes. However, there exist some problems such as lack of logic and preciseness in the legislative technology, which make all kinds of imputation boundaries difficult to distinguish and thus affect the accurate understanding and correct apply of the law. Therefore, the relevant departments should pay close attention to it and promulgate the judicial interpretation of the law as soon as possible.

Abstract:Paying more attention to the combination of law and medical science in the teaching of criminal law of medical jurisprudence specialty has many effects, such as reflecting the professional characteristic, changing the present situation of despising medical class, strengthening interest and expanding the research field of criminal law. Constructing the knowledge system of the combination of law and medical science is the premise and adopting the teaching form which conforming to the professional characteristic is the key.

Abstract:Case teaching, when introduced into teaching practice of health law, can promote the student’s ability of analyzing and resolving practical problems, increase the student’s competence of self-teaching and communication, bring up the student’s spirits of law and outlook on humanism value, realize the educational value in fusing the society orientation and individual orientation. In order to attain the objective, case teaching should be exercised scientifically, reasonably and appropriately. The cases chosen, which are connected with the content of the class, should be real, entire, timely and instructive. The teacher should organize and lead the student actively to discuss the case interactively, at the same time the basic theory should be explained to the student.

Abstract:With the rapid development of economic and social, there is an urgent need for a large number of specialized persons with the abilities of innovation, initiate and practice. However, in current management system of higher education in China, postgraduate education cannot meet the needs of the society, and its connections with current education and production, scientific research or other fields are not close enough. It is hard to utilize various social strengths and advantages to improve the quality of education. Therefore, in order to highlight the characteristics and core competitiveness of the part-time Master of Public Health education, it is urgent to strengthen the cooperation in education of produce-study-research, and improve the training mode of Master of Public Health.

Abstract:Expectant life style, which is a preliminary understanding of people’s values, is one of the embodiments of life outlook on value. But with the changing times, the life value idea of university students has undergone profound changes. In order to know the orientation of life value of contemporary university students, the authors investigated the expectant life style of college students by using two different lifestyles and the corresponding different expectant survival time, which were standing on the mountain high and walking in the deep sea. A questionnaire was conducted among students by sampling and the data were statistically analyzed.

Abstract:Graduate students education is high-level personnel trainings. It is the core work in the graduate educations in our country to train the independence and innovation of scientific research abilities of postgraduates. Cultivation of innovative ability is a system engineering, which is based on the innovative experiment teaching methods to train the innovation ability of postgraduates. PBL method is applied to the experiment teachings in the master graduate students depending on the problem existed in the traditional experimental teaching modes for postgraduates. The results show that the comprehensive qualities of postgraduates are significantly improved, including the ability of innovative thinking, problem analysis and resolve, self-learning, experimental operation, and the team cooperation spirit, etc. The practice is a valuable attempt to the reform of the basic medical talents training modes of Nanjing medical university.

Abstract:The article made an empirical analysis of training and using of the student standardized patients (SSP) by the students’ organization of simulating clinical diagnosis and treatment, simulation clinic society in Nanjing Medical University. It focused on the four progress( choice, training, test and implication) of SSP. As a result, great advantages of SSP had been found, that were low input, solid clinical knowledge, and huge quantity. In addition, SSP had been proved to inspire great interest of clinical practice of medical students as well.

Abstract:Lecture-based learning (LBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) are two different learning methods with different characteristics. Based on the complex background of origin and composition of students and the proceedings of innovation teaching and learning, best combination of PBL with LBL could improve the teaching, learning and students’ quality.

Abstract:Clinical practice is the only way to bridge basic medical education and clinical work. The quality of clinical teaching is directly related to the overall skills of interns. Physician-patient communication skills are the core clinical capability. The importance of these skills has been taken more and more attention by educationist. Introducing the communication skills education into clinical teaching can improve the interns’ clinical and communicative ability and train them to be the comprehensive quality talents.

Abstract:Based on the prefabricated chunks, input and output hypothesis, the author intends to explore the development of students’ output competence as their weakness lies in spoken English to some extent. Taking chunk as an ideal unit of language input and output, the improvement of the cultivation of students’ output competence has been studied by establishing the sense of chunk, finding more ways of chunk input and creating the environment and chances of chunk output in English teaching.

Abstract:Objective:To construct luciferase reporter plasmids of full-length and truncated promotors of rat X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis associated factor 1(XAF1) gene and detect their activity in HEK293 cells in response to interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) overexpression,screening the possible binding sites for IRF-1. Methods: Rat XAF1 promoter(-1497 ~ +166 nt) was amplified by PCR and cloned into the luciferase reporter plasmid(pGL3-basic). The recombinant plasmid(pGL3-XAF1-QC) and rat IRF-1 expression plasmid(pcDNA3.1-IRF-1) were co-transfected into HEK293 cells and then the luciferase activity was detected to comfirm the role of IRF-1 in XAF1 gene transcription. Meanwhile,the possible IRF-1 binding sites within XAF1 promoter were predicted by using bioinformatics software. Based on the predicted results,different luciferase reporter plasmids of truncated XAF1 gene promotor (pGL3-XAF1-1,pGL3-XAF1-2,pGL3-XAF1-3 and pGL3-XAF1-4) were constructed. The promoter luciferase reporter plasmids of pGL3-XAF1-QC or pGL3-XAF1-1,-2,-3,-4 and the plasmid of pcDNA3.1-IRF-1 were co-transfected into HEK293 cells. Then,the luciferase activity was detected to screen the IRF-1 binding sites. Results: It was verified that different kinds of plasmids were all constructed correctly by PCR analysis and nucleotide sequencing. The plasmids of pGL3-XAF1-QC and pcDNA3.1-IRF-1 were co-transfected into HEK293 cells,and then the luciferase activity was detected. The result showed that the transcriptional activity of XAF1 gene was increased markedly in response to IRF-1 overexpression. In addition,when the plasmids of pGL3-XAF1-QC or pGL3-XAF1-1,-2,-3,-4 and pcDNA3.1-IRF-1 were co-transfected into HEK293 cells,the activity of pGL3-XAF1-3 was much lower than that in pGL3-XAF1-1 and pGL3-XAF1-2,indicating that the region of rat XAF promoter(-337 ~ -47 nt) might contain IRF-1 binding element. Conclusion: The rat full-length and truncated rat XAF1 promotor luciferase reporter plasmids were constructed successfully,and the IRF-1 binding region was found,which could be beneficial to further studies.

Abstract:Objective:To clone,express human Golgi protein 73 (GP73),develop and characterize the monoclonal antibody(mAb) against GP73,a valuable serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods: GP73 gene was amplified by PCR,and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pComb3XSS. The recombinant construct was expressed in Top10F′ E. coli. host,and purified with their fusion partner by HisFF Trap affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein was used to immunize the BALB/c mice for mAb development. The titer of the mAb was detected by ELISA and its specificity was analyzed by Western blot. The sera level of GP73 in HCC patients and healthy people was measured by co-immunoprecipitation(IP). Results: The GP73-6×His recombinant protein was successfully expressed and purified. Five hybridoma cell lines against GP73 were obtained. IP revealed that the mAb could combine with GP73 in human sera with high specificity. The level of GP73 in HCC patients is much higher than that of healthy people. Conclusion: The success in mouse a-GP73 mAb development provides the basis for further developing a sandwich ELISA for detection of human GP73.

Abstract:Objective:To explore epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gemcitabine-resistant cancer cell line SW1990/GZ. Methods: Morphological characteristics of SW1990 cells and SW1990/GZ cells were observed by inverted microscope. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of EMT-associated markers were determined by Western blot. Invasion and migration of cells were detected by transwell. The proportion of cancer stem cells was analyzed by flow cytometry after labeled the surface specific antigen. Results: SW1990/GZ cells exhibited mesenchymal morphology,and no significant G1 accumulation phenotype in SW1990/GZ cells compared with SW1990 cells. SW1990/GZ cells reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin but increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. SW1990/GZ cells have greater invasion and migration activity(P < 0.01). Compared with SW1990 cells,the number of CD44+CD24+ cells and CD133+ cells increased by 2 times and 4 times in SW1990/GZ cells(P < 0.01). Conclusion:SW1990/GZ cells have undergone an EMT,and are enriched with cancer stem cells.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of glucagon like peptide 1 receptor(GLP-1R) in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs) transfected by adenovirus and the effect of Exendin-4/GLP-1R on BM-MSCs proliferation and apoptosis after transfection. Methods: The adenoviral vector containing GLP-1R gene was constructed through the Ad.Max-system and infected the BM-MSCs. The expression of GLP-1R in Ad.GLP-1R-BM-MSCs was examined by RT-PCR,immunofluorescence,and Western blot,respectively. The effects of Exendin-4/GLP-1R on cell growth,cell cycle and apoptosis in Ad.GLP-1R-BM-MSCs were evaluated by cell counting and flow cytometry. Results: BM-MSCs could be effectively infected by adenovirus. When multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 400, the infection efficiency was 89.5%. Mouse BM-MSCs didn’t express the GLP-1R gene natively. After infected with Ad.GLP-1R,the BM-MSCs expressed the GLP-1R gene and protein effectively,and the cell growth could be stimulated by Exendin-4. Compared with the unstimulated Ad.GLP-1R-BM-MSCs,G0/G1 phase cells in the Exendin-4 stimulation group decreased significantly,G2/M phase cells and proliferation index (S+G2/M) increased significantly (P < 0.01). But there was no significant difference in the apoptosis rate of two groups. Conclusion: Ad.GLP-1R can infect mouse BM-MSCs effectively and induce the expression of GLP-1R. Exendin-4 can promote the proliferation of BM-MSCs infected with Ad.GLP-1R.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the role of aquaporin-4(AQP4) on migration and proliferation of human colon cancer cell. Methods: AQP4 expression was determined by Western blot after vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) or AQP4-siRNA treatment in human colon cancer cell line LoVo,and the cell migration and proliferation were tested by cell scratch assay and CCK-8 proliferation assay. Results: VEGF up-regulated AQP4 expression of LoVo cell in a time- or concentration-dependent manner,and increased cell migration. When AQP4 was knocked down by AQP4-siRNA,cell migration decreased significantly. Compared with the VEGF-treated cell,the migration of combined AQP4-siRNA and VEGF treated cell decreased. AQP4-siRNA or VEGF had no significant effect on cell proliferation. Conclusion: AQP4 may promote the migration of human colon cancer cell. This provide evidence for a novel role of AQP4 in tumor growth and spread of human colon cancer.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the effect of miR-27a knockdown on U87 glioma cells in vitro. Methods: The lentiviral vector miRZip-27a anti-miR-27a microRNA construct,empty lentiviral vector pGreenPuro Scramble Hairpin Control-Construct,and lentiviral packaging plasmids in supernatant were collected and transfected into 293T cells,the packaged lentivirus were named as Lt-I and Lt-NC. Then the packaged lentivirus Lt-I and Lt-NC were used to infect U87 glioma cells,the stable infected U87 glioma cells were selected by flow cytometry(FCM) for the next research. Then quantity-PCR,CCK-8,and transwell invasion assay were used to detect the effects of miR-27a knockdown. Results: Compared with the uninfected U87 glioma cells,the stable infected U87 glioma cells by Lt-I had significantly decreased miR-27a expression,cell proliferation and invasiveness. These changes were not observed in the U87 glioma cells stably infected with Lt-NC. Conclusion: Knockdown of miR-27a can inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness of the U87 glioma cells.

Abstract:Objective:To establish a transgenic mouse model systemic expression S100A16,which can be used for the study of its biologic function. Methods: The plasmid was generated by inserting the murine S100A16 cDNA into a vector with CMV promoter. The transgenic mice were produced by the method of microinjection. The genotype of transgenic lines was identified by PCR and the expression level of the gene was determined by QPCR. Results: S100A16 cDNA transgenic vector was successfully constructed and S100A16 transgenic mice were created. Two high expression lines were determined by QPCR. Conclusion: The transgenic mouse systemic expressing S100A16 was successfully established,and the S100A16 gene was highly expressed in many tissues,such as adipose tissue,liver,muscles,and lung. The S100A16 mouse could be a useful model for the researches of its function,especially in obesity and insulin resistance.

Abstract:Objective:To develop an easy and reduplicate method for the isolation and primary culture of vascular endothelial cells of I-资B kinase ε(IKKε) knock-out(KO) mouse. Method: The aorta was obtained from IKKε KO mouse in the super-clean bench,with its adventitia and adipose tissue cleared carefully. Then the vessel was split longitudinally and cut into 1 mm × 1 mm explants. The explants were placed on culture dish with the lining endothelium side down and DMEM containing endothelial cell growth supplement(ECGS) was added into the culture dish. The morphological characteristics of the cells were observed with the inverted microscope and the cells were evidenced by immunofluorescence with marker Ⅷ factor. Results: Endothelial cells migrating out of the aortic intima can be seen at the edge after 72 hours,forming confluent monolayer 12~14 days later. Immunofluorescence showed the characteristic positive reaction of Ⅷ factor in the cytoplasm of the cells. Conclusion: High purity,solid structure and sound function IKKε KO mouse endothelial cells can be obtained from this method.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of tetrandrine (TET) in combination with paclitaxel (PTX) on the proliferation and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45. Methods: MKN-45 cells were routinely cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum. Subconfluent cell cultures were treated with either TET or PTX,or TET in combination with PTX for 48 h. Cell growth and proliferation of MKN-45 were analyzed with MTT assay. DAPI staining and flow cytometric analysis were used to detect the apoptosis of MKN-45. Results: Both TET and PTX alone or the combined treatment inhibited MKN-45 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for TET and PTX were significantly decreased when MKN-45 cells were treated simultaneously with TET plus PTX compared with the two drugs applied alone(P < 0.05). DAPI staining and flow cytometric analysis showed that the apoptosis rates in the cells treated with TET and PTX were much greater than TET or PTX applied singly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: TET and PTX exerted a synergistic effect on the inhibition of proliferation and the induction of apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effects of paclitaxel alone or combined with cisplatin against human breast cancer line MCF-7 in vitro,and to explore the related mechanisms with MAPK pathway and Bcl-2 gene family. Methods: MCF-7 cells were treated by paclitaxel with or without cisplatin,and the proliferation and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated by cell counting kit-8 assay. The effects of ERK pathway inhibitor (U0126) and JNK pathway inhibitor (sp600125) on cell proliferation were also observed. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle distribution,and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression level changes of MAPK pathway members,Bcl-2 and Bax when cells were given different treatments. Results: Paclitaxel(0.025~0.400 μmol/L) combined with cisplatin(1~16 μmol/L) showed an obvious synergistic effect(CI < 0.95). Sp600125 could significantly inhibit MCF-7 growth in vitro. Sp600125 combined with paclitaxel or cisplatin had a better antitumor activity than paclitaxel or cisplatin used alone. When treated with paclitaxel and cisplatin together,the cells at G2/M phase were less than paclitaxel group but more than cisplatin group. Combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin was found to decrease p-ERK,Bcl-2 protein levels in contrast with paclitaxel group or cisplatin group and increase p-JNK/p-SAPK,p-p38 protein levels in contrast with control group after 48 hours. Conclusion: Combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin in vitro showed synergistic effect. JNK pathway inhibitor combined with paclitaxel and cisplatin showed more powerful inhibition on MCF-7 cells than the two drug combination. Combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin seems to limit the accumulation of MCF-7 cells in G2/M and activate JNK and p38 signal pathway while inhibit the activation of ERK signal pathway.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the autophagy of melanoma cell induced by rapamycin and explore the possible mechanism. Methods: M14 cells were cultured in vitro in the presence of rapamycin at three concentrations(10,50,100 nmol/L) for 24 hours. MDC fluorescent staining was used to detect autophagic vesicles. Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the expression of autophagy protein LC3B. Autophagosome was observed under transmission electronic microscopy. The expression levels of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by Western blot. Changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were examined by Rhodamine 123 dye and flow cytometry. The effects of rapamycin on proliferation of M14 cells were assessed using the MTT assay. Results: After rapamycin treatment,autophagy was induced in M14 cells as detected by MDC staining. The expression of LC3B increased. The intensity of autophagy was correlated with the concentration of rapamycin. Independent double membranes,swelling mitochondrias,autophagosomes and autolysosomes were observed in rapamycin-treated M14 cells under transmission electronic microscopy. Western blot revealed an upregulated expression of Bcl-2 and downregulated expression of Bax. Rapamycin at the concentrations of 10 to 100 nmol/L could markedly reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential compared with the control group(P < 0.05),and inhibit the proliferation of M14 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The growth inhibition was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.01). Conclusion: Rapamycin at the concentrations of 10 to 100 nmol/L could induce autophagy in melanoma cells,and inhibit the growth of melanoma cells. The mechanism may be associated with the expression level of protein Bcl-2 and Bax.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on the apoptosis and proliferation of islet endothelial cell line MS-1. Methods: MS-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of glucose (5.6,25.0 and 33.6 mmol/L) for different time (12 or 24 h). The apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry,and the cell proliferation was tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. The expressions of GRP78,CHOP,caspase-3,caspase-12 mRNA were examined by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the expressions of GRP78,CHOP protein were examined by Western blot. Results: After treated with glucose for 12 h or 24 h,the apoptotic rates were obviously higher in 25.0 and 33.6 mmol/L group than in 5.6 mmol/L group(P < 0.05),while the cell proliferation was significantly lower in 25.0 and 33.6 mmol/L glucose treated group than that in 5.6 mmol/L glucose treated group(P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of CHOP,caspase-3,caspase-12 and the protein level of CHOP increased in a dose-dependent manner after treated with glucose(P < 0.05);while the mRNA and protein levels of GRP78 increased after treated for 12 h,and decreased at 24 h(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Hyperglycemia significantly promotes apoptosis and decreases proliferation of MS-1 cells,the mechanism may account for endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on the apoptosis of INS-l cells cultured by palmitate in vitro. Methods: INS-1 cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of palmitate(0.25,0.50,1.00 mmol/L) or comlined with TUDCA(100 μmol/L) for 24 h. Cell viability was evaluated with MTT reduction conversion assay. The annexin-V/FITC cell death detection kit was used to monitor cell apoptosis. The expressions of endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress marker GRP78 were detected by Western blotting. Results: The proliferation of INS-1 cells was inhibited,and the apoptosis was induced significantly by palmimte(concentration≥0.5 mmol/L,P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate was significantly decreased when INS-l cells were co-cultured with TUDCA(P < 0.05). Moreover,the expression of GRP78 was increased in INS-1 cells incubated with palmitate(P < 0.05),and it was repressed by TUDCA(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that TUDCA could protect INS-1 cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis,and it might work through repressing the expression of ER stress response protein GRP78 and alleviating ER stress.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the phenomenon of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain and explore the analgesic effect of 7-nitroindazole(7-NI) on dorsal root ganglion(DRG),and briefly discuss its analgesic mechanism. Methods:Ten microliters of CFA were injected into the plantar surface of the hind paw of the mice to produce inflammatory pain models,von Frey filaments were used to determine 50% paw withdrawal threshold(PWT) adopting by up-and-down method which can be regarded as an evaluation criteria for the pain behavior test. The changes of 50% PWT were tested by microinjecting 10 -滋g 7-NI into DRG of the mice. Detect the expression of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in CFA-induced,7-NI treated and neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) knock-out models by Western blot. Results: Compared with DMSO group,50% PWT significantly increased in 7-NI group during 2~12 h after CFA inducing. The expression of CGRP increased after CFA injection,this effect could be reversed by 7-NI administration or nNOS knock-out. Conclusion: Microinjection of 7-NI into DRG could produce analgesia in inflammatory pain mice. Increased expression of CGRP might be the downstream mechanism resulted from NO mediated nociceptive effect in dorsal root ganglion.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of nicorandil,a mitochondria adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-sensitive potassium channel opener(mitoKATPCO) on the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH) in rats. Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(control group and three hypoxic groups including the simple hypoxic,nicorandil treatment as well as the nicorandil+5-hydroxydecanoate treatment group) with 10 rats each. The latter three hypoxic groups were placed into normobaric hypoxic chamber(8 h/day and 6 days/week). After 4 weeks,the mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP),right ventricle/left ventricle and septum[RV/(LV+S)] were measured and the morphologic changes of small pulmonary arterial were detected by microscopes after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA). Results: Hypoxia alone significantly increased the mPAP,RV/(LV+S) as well as the protein expression of PCNA,the morphologic changes also indicated the significant proliferation and remodeling of the small pulmonary artery in the hypoxic group. The treatment with nicorandil significantly antagonized these changes,and the beneficial effects of nicorandil could be blocked by 5-HD. Conclusion: Nicorandil can significantly reduce the pulmonary artery pressure,antagonize the right ventricular hypertrophy as well as the proliferation and remodeling of the small pulmonary artery through activating the mitoKATP channel. It is a promising candidate for the treatment of HPH.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the effect of D-pinitol on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in a murine model of chronic asthma. Methods: Eighteen BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups,namely control group,OVA group and D-pinitol group. Pulmonary function was measured to evaluate the resistance of expiration 24 hours after the last OVA challenge,hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining was used to assess the inflammatory cell infiltrates,and Masson’s trichrome to determine airway fibrosis. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA in lung was measured by real-time PCR. The concentration of TGF-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Results: All the parameters associated with airway inflammation,airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and remodeling were increased in the OVA group,and decreased by treatment of D-pinitol(P < 0.05). Treatment with D-pinitol significantly inhibited the levels of TGF-β1 in the lung tissue and in the BALF(P < 0.05). Conclusion: These data demonstrated that D-pinitol could suppress the progression of airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. Partly,the effect might be due to inhibition of the expression of TGF-β1.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the effects of a single dose of 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu) on multiple organ functions and the survival time of rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Methods: The study adopted the methods of multiple fractures + scald + Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection to produce the model of SD rats with acute MODS. The rats were randomly divided into MODS model group(n = 36) and treatment group (MODS model+5-Fu,n = 26),each being divided into four subgroups. The rats were sacrificed 24,48,72 or 96 h after the models were built successfully,blood samples were collected to examined the leukocyte numbers of peripheral blood,the leukocyte function,liver and kidney function and myocardial enzymes. Rats’ mortality rate was observed as well. Results: Compared with MODS model group,5-Fu restrained the leukocyte numbers of peripheral blood in the early and middle stages. 5-Fu had no effect on leukocyte respiratory burst but reduced the CD11b expression. During the experiment,rats’ mortality rate of 5-Fu treatment group decreased significantly. There were no differences in serum activity of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,creatine kinase,creatine kinase isoenzyme,and no differences in blood urea nitrogen between the two groups. The blood glucose level were improved at different stages of 5-Fu group,but increased progressively in contrast group. Conclusion: A single administration of 5-Fu may protect rats with MODS against systemic injury.

Abstract:Objective:To detect the change of plasma adiponectin and its correlation with inflammatory cytokines after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods: Blood samples of 30 cases in control group and 43 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were obtained 1,2,3,5,and 7 days after hospitalization. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay were used to measured concentrations of plasma adiponectin,interleukin-6 (IL-6),C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Results: After hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,the level of plasma adiponectin increased immediately within 6 h,reached the peak at 24 h,and decreased gradually after 2 days. The adiponectin concentration was higher in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage than control group during 7 days. The levels of plasma IL-6,CRP,and TNF-α in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were significantly higher than those in control group,and were associated with adiponectin level. Conclusion: The change of plasma adiponectin was a dynamic process. Together with IL-6,CRP,and TNF-α,plasma adiponectin may be involved in the inflammatory responses injury after cerebral hemorrhage.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the relationship of transient receptor potential canonical channel 3 (TRPC3) transcription and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in monocytes,and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) level in peripherial blood of patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: The levels of TRPC3,TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA in monocytes of 20 patients with essential hypertension and 20 normotensive controls were analyzed by real-time PCR,the concentration of MCP-1 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The elevated TRPC3,TNF-α,IL-1β mRNA levels in monocytes and MCP-1 protein in peripherial blood were observed in patients with essential hypertension. There were significant differences between the two groups(P < 0.05). The level of TRPC3 mRNA was positively correlated with the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β mRNA and MCP-1 protein. Conclusion: Essential hypertension is condsidered as a chronic inflammation process. The expression of TRPC3 in monocytes is related to cytokines. Overexpression of TRPC3 may be regarded as one of indicators of activations of monocytes.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of RhoA and ROCK2 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and cervical cancer and its correlation with invasiveness. Methods: The expressions of RhoA and ROCK2 were examined respectively by immunohistochemical S-P method in 10 cases of cervicitis tissue,30 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 30 cases of cervical cancer. The correlation between the immunohistochemical results and the clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results: ① The expression rate of RhoA and ROCK2 were 0% in cervicitis tissues,36.7% and 30.0% in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,83.3% and 76.7% in cervical cancer,respectively. The positive rate was significantly higher in the cervical cancer group than in the normal control group(P < 0.01). From cervicitis tissue to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and to cervical cancer,the positive expression rates of RhoA and ROCK2 were gradually increased. ② RhoA and ROCK2 protein expression were correlated with histological grade and lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05),but not with age and clinical stage (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Expression of RhoA and ROCK2 may serve as a parameter for evaluating metastasisand prognosis in cervical cancer.

Abstract:Objective: To detect the promoter methylation status of hMLH1 gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluate its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods: The methylation status of hMLH1 gene was determined using manual microdissection followed by methylation-specific PCR(MSP) in 68 paired CRC specimens and adjacent normal tissues,all of the patients received 4~6 cycles of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) based adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Methylation frequency of hMLH1 in cancerous tissue was 23.5% (16/68),which was significantly higher than that in the corresponding normal tissue (3/68,4.4%, P = 0.001). Although hMLH1 methylation was not associated with patients’ clinicopathological features,Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the methylation state of hMLH1 predicted beneficial progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in CRC (P = 0.039 and P = 0.045,respectively). Conclusion:hMLH1 gene methylation maybe a useful biomarker related to favourable prognosis in CRC patients who received 5-Fu based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Abstract:Objective:To assess the TWIST1 promoter methylation state in urine sediments and evaluate their value in diagnosis of bladder cancer. Methods: Fifty patients with bladder cancer,13 patients with non tumorous urinary disease and 7 healthy volunteers were recruited in the study. The TWIST1 promoter methylation state in urine sediments was determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The urine exfoliative cytologic examination was also performed. Results: The positive rate of TWIST1 promoter methylation was 64.0%(32/50) in exfoliated urothelial cells of 50 patients with bladder cancer, no one showed positive TWIST1 promoter methylation in the control group. The difference in the positive rate of TWIST1 promoter methylation between two groups was significant(P < 0.01). TWIST1 promoter methylation status did not correlate with stage and grade of bladder cancer,though there was a trend that more frequent methylation was detected in higher stage bladder cancer. The sensitivity of detecting TWIST1 promoter methylation by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR in the diagnosis of bladder cancer was 64.0%,and specificity was 100%. The positive rate of urine exfoliative cytology was 48.0%(24/50),and sensitivity and specificity were 48.0% and 100.0% respectively. Conclusion: It has high sensitivity and specificity to detect the TWIST1 promoter methylation in exfoliated urothe1ial cells for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. The TWIST1 promoter methylation might be a potential biomarker for the noninvasive and painless detection method in early diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the influence of Y chromosome microdeletion and homologous synapsis abnormalities in spermatocytes of male spermatogenesis failure. Methods: Nine cases were recruited in this study,including controls (3 cases),with normal spermatogenesis in their testes;spermatogenesis failure group (3 cases),with spermatogenesis arrest in their testes and without Y microdeletion;and spermatogenesis failure with Y microdeletion group (3 cases). Immunofluorescent staining technology was used to analyze synaptonemal complexes (SC) of spermatocytes. Results: There were 10%,22%,25% gaps presented in testes of controls,spermatogenesis failure group and spermatogenesis failure with Y microdeletion group,respectively. There were significant differences between two spermatogenesis failure groups and controls (10% vs. 22%,P = 0.012;10% vs. 25%,P = 0.014). However,there was no significant difference between two spermatogenesis failure groups. There were 1%,13%,15% splits presented in testes of controls,spermatogenesis failure group and spermatogenesis failure with Y microdeletion group,respectively. There were significant differences between two spermatogenesis failure groups and controls (1% vs. 13%,P = 0.000;1% vs. 15%,P = 0.000). However,there was also no significant difference between two spermatogenesis failure groups. Conclusion: Homologous synapsis abnormalities may play an important factor in spermatogenesis failure. Furthermore,homologous synapsis abnormalities would be more frequent in infertile men with Y chromosome microdeletion.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the association of serum uric acid(SUA) level with prevalence and the risk of metabolic syndrome(MS) and its components. Methods: A random,multi-stage cross-sectional study was conducted among adults(18~74 years old) in a rural population in Gaoyou,Jiangsu Province. Blood samples were collected for testing blood glucose,lipid profile and SUA and the relationship between SUA and MS was analysed. A total of 4 493 subjects(2 101 men,2 392 women) are enrolled in our study. Results: ①The mean uric acid level was significantly lower in women than men[(338.41 ± 87.99) vs. (255.01 ± 75.08)-滋mol/L, P < 0.01]. Prevalence of MS was elevated with the increasing SUA level. ② SUA level increased significantly with the increaseing number of MS components for both gender. Under a low SUA level,women had higher incidence of MS compared with men. ③ After adjustment of age,smoking status,alcohol consumption and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),SUA was positively correlated with waist,blood pressure,fasting serum glucose and total triglyceride (TG),and inversely correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) while waist and TG had stronger correlation with SUA than other MS components. ④ Logistic analysis showed that SUA was an independent predictor on the risk factor for incidence of MS and its components. The OR(95%CI) value of hyperglycemia for women was higher in all the four quartiles of SUA levels than men. Conclusion: There is a significant association between serum uric acid level and metabolic syndrome,as well as its components. The risk of hyperglycemia predicted by serum uric acid levels is greater in women than men.

Abstract:Objective:To study the influence of lithium carbonate or prednisone administration on the dosage and efficacy of radioiodine treatment (131I) in hyperthyroid patients. Methods: Seventy five patients with primary hyperthyroidism were divided into 3 groups randomly:patients treated only with 131I(control group,n = 25),patients administered lithium carbonate in a daily dose of 0.75 g/d with 131I(lithium carbonate group,n = 25),patients took orally prednisone in an initial dose of 1 mg/kg with 131I (prednisone group,n = 25). Therapeutic doses of 131I and efficacy were observed. Results: Compared with the control group,the therapeutic dosage of 131I was reduced obviously in lithium carbonate group(P < 0.05),but curative effect had not significant improvement(P > 0.05). The therapeutic dosage of 131I for prednisone group was higher than control group,but there was no significant difference between two groups(P > 0.05),while the efficacy was improved significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with hyperthyroidism,lithium carbonate can reduce 131I dosage,but no improvement on the treatment effect;prednisone had no significant effect on dose of 131I therapy,but can increase the efficacy of 131I.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the relationship between fetal growth and cord blood adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and crotisol. Methods: The newborns were divided into three groups according to their born weight and gestational age,small for gestational age(SGA group,n = 30),lager for gestational age(LGA group,n = 30),appropriate gestational age(AGA group,n = 30). Born body length and body weight of three groups were measured respectively. The levels of ACTH and crotisol in cord blood were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA). Results: The levels of ACTH in cord blood were (26.46 ± 7.73) ng/ml,(28.64 ± 7.12) ng/ml and (29.30 ± 8.33) ng/ml in LGA group,AGA group and SGA group respectively,and there were no significant differences among three groups(P = 0.336). The levels of crotisol in cord blood were (7.11 ± 2.70) ng/ml,(11.84 ± 3.88) ng/ml and (18.80 ± 5.27) ng/ml in LGA group,AGA group and SGA group respectively,and there were significant differences among three groups(P < 0.01). Conclusion: Crotisol might play an important role in fetal growth.

Abstract:Objective:To review retrospectively the surgical repair of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) in 82 patients and summarize the clinic character and the surgical process of the SVA. Methods: Between May 1982 and May 2011,82 patients with SVA underwent surgical repair by the aid of general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass,there were 63 male and 19 female patients aged from 12 to 59 years(mean,32.66 ± 14.28 years). The aneurysms originated from right sinus ruptured into the right ventricle in 48 patients,into the right atrium in 16 patients respectively. The aneurysms originated from noncoronary sinus ruptured into the right atrium in 18 patients. There were no aneurysms originated from left sinus ruptured into the left ventricle by now. The most common associated cardiovascular abnormality was ventricular septal defect (VSD,n = 39),and the other is aortic valve regurgitation (n = 23). Repairs were achieved through an incision in right atriotomy,right ventriculotomy or aortotomy only or both aortotomy and right atriotomy (or right ventriculotomy). The defects in the sinus of Valsalva was repaired with either direct sutures(n = 27) or a patch (n = 55). The aortic valve was replaced in 5 patients. The plasty of aortic valve was done in 16 patients. The mitral valve was replaced in 1 patient. The plasty of tricuspid valve was done in 8 patients. Results: There was no hospital mortality and all patients were cured. Twenty-seven patients underwent the repair surgery by direct suture. Fifty-five patients underwent the surgery by the patch. Five patients underwent the aortic valve replacement,and sixteen underwent aortic valve plasty. One hemoglobinuria was cured after the AVR operation. There was one reoperation for closure of recurrent fistula at the first day after the original operation. The patients who had reoperation had right sinus of Valsalva-to-right atrium fistulas. Another two mild fistulas were still in clinical observation. There are still four patients with mild aortic insufficiency after the surgery. There was another aortic valve plasty for the morderate aortic insufficiency after the surgery. There was no late mortality in the follow-up. Seventy-five patients are in operatively New York Heart Association class I,and 8 are in class II. Conclusions: The ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with or without the other cardiac abnormal should be repaired surgically as soon as the diagnosis was confirmed. The operative procedure depends on the size of the aneurysm,the direction of the tistula and the toughness of the surrounding tissue. It is necessary to close the defect of the aneurysm with the direct suture or the patch,from inside the aorta or the cardiac chamber,or from both sides of the tistula. Long-term results are excellent by the effective,appropriate operative procedure.

Abstract:Objective:To explore an economical and effective method to synthesize 2,6-dimethyl-L-tyrosine. Methods: 2,6-dimethyl-L-tyrosine was stereoselectively synthesized by coupling of O-carbethoxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-chloromethyl phenol with (S)-2-[N-(N’-benzylprolyl)-amino] benzophenone-Ni-glycine[(S)-BPB-Ni-Gly] Schiff base. Results: The target compound was successfully synthesized starting from 3,5-dimethylphenol by 4 steps with a total yield of 34.3%. Conclusion: This method has the characteristics of cheap starting material,practicable,and reproducible.

Abstract:Objective: Stereoselective synthesis of (S)-2,4,6-trimethylphenylalanine. Methods: 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid was reduced to produce 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl alcohol (1),which was brominated to generate 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl bromide (2). The bromide (2) coupled with (S)-BPB-Ni(II)-Gly complex (3) to give (S)-Tmp-Ni(II) complex (4),which was then decomposed by acid to obtain (S)-2,4,6-trimethylphenylalanine (5). Results: (S)-2,4,6-trimethylphenylalanine was successfully synthesized at a total yield of 52.8%. Conclusion: Inexpensive and readily available starting material and reagents,simplicity of the experimental procedure and high yield make this method synthetically attractive for preparing the target amino acid.

Abstract:Objective:To synthesize the uncoupler 2-[(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-5-ylamino) methyl]-4,6-dichlorophenol for neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) with postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD-95). Methods: 5-amine-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol was firstly synthesized from 4-nitrobenzene-1,2-diamine by diazotization and reduction. Then the target compound was obtained by reduction after condensation of 5-amine-1H-benzo [d][1,2,3]triazol and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Rusults: The target compound was confirmed by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H-NMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (13C-NMR),and the overall yield is 20.3%. Conclusion: The program of experiments can be used to synthesize 2-[(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-5-ylamino) methyl]-4,6-dichlorophenol quickly and easily.