Abstract:Deepening medical reform should improve the health care system, and promoting the reform of public hospitals should develop the medicare payment system. The point of the coordination between deepening medical reform and promoting health insurance is dealing with the relationship between public welfare of health care and fundamentality of health insurance.

Abstract:Through the analysis of operating conditions of urban－rural integration of residents’ basic health insurance in Changshu from 2009 to 2010,the following results were found:insurance rate of urban and rural residents in Changshu were at a high level,total financing and benefit level of the insured residents increased year by year,disease burden of the insured residents significantly declined. However,the use of the fund was under pressure and the actual compensation ratio should be further improved. The article suggested that the aging population of the insured residents should be reasonably dealt with,the growth mechanism of financing should be continuingly improved,and the actual compensation ration should be increased. Development of the rural health service system should be strengthened. Supervisory capacity of services should be enhanced and unreasonable growth of medical expenses should be controlled.

Abstract:Based on the information collection of adverse events in medical safety,the article advanced to build early warning system of adverse events of medical safety with the aid of medical monitoring system for medical quality and safety. Though automatic quantitative analysis of the system and qualitative analysis of typical cases,the warning system of adverse events could release warning information,reduce adverse events of medical safety,then ensure medical quality and safety.

Abstract:The article advanced the method,basic framework and principles that should be followed when establishing the modernized evaluation index system for the provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),and briefly described the index system of modernization for the provincial CDC.

Abstract:According to “The Performance Evaluation Criteria of Disease Prevention and Control Work” by Chinese Ministry of Health,the performance of disease prevention and control work in a district from 2008 to 2010 was assessed and the evaluation results were collected and analyzed. The results showed that disease prevention and control system and capabilities had been strengthened significantly,but the social environment,working basis,capacity building and the applied research still needed to be improved. Finally,appropriate suggestion was provided for the existing problems.

Abstract:Facing the increasing competition and the requirements of the new medical and health system reform,how to improve the overall quality of service of hospital while continually reduce the operating costs and support better service for patients has become an important part of hospital management. Reducing the cost of pharmaceutical distribution in the hospital operating costs is the key factor and it is also a social hot topic of common concern. Therefore,we developed the hospital pharmaceutical distribution and integrated management model,and reconstructed various links of the pharmaceutical distribution basing on the information technology. By the implementation of this project,the drug circulation and drug distribution cost were reduced,the drug turnover rate was improved,the drug inventory was decreased and the occupied amount of money was cut down. Based upon these improvements,we achieved the meticulous management of hospital pharmaceutical distribution. It was also laying the practical foundation for the scientific management of hospital pharmaceutical distribution and changing the management philosophy,enhancing the core competitiveness of the hospital.

Abstract:Based on the physician－patient relationship status in China society,the authors focused on the interpersonal－oriented medical treatment rule,analyzed the reasons of the anomie of doctor－patient mutual trust. By reviewing the relationship between medical treatments from the perspective of human consumption,the article then suggested the following strategies for improving and promoting doctor－patient harmony and trust:increasing government financial investment to address the supply of medical resources;strengthening the doctor－patient two－way communication,and mechanism of supervision and feedback;optimizing the practice environment to build a favorable public opinion platform for medical treatment.

Abstract:Nowadays, detailed management has become the critical point of great destination and common wish of modern hospitals. The article focused on details of the connotation of fine hospital management, elaborated on how to understand and recognize the refinement of modern hospital management,and analyzed the main content of refined hospital management in current situation,then discussed possible changes of hospital management triggered by the detailed management.

Abstract:The hand hygiene is one of the most important works in the nosocomial infection prevention and control. To explore the better methods and contents on the training,the authors carried on the questionnaire survey about the self－appraisal of hand hygienic knowledge,the way of obtaining hand hygienic knowledge and actual cognition about the hand hygienic knowledge. Then based on the analysis,the authors put forward several proposals to how to take the standard training about the hand hygienic knowledge and enhance the effect of training.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of nursing skills training to township hospitals (rural health centers) by the volunteer team named as the “Volunteer Team of Technical Assistance” set up by core nurses in the urban 2A hospitals. Methods:Trained by the “Volunteer Team of Technical Assistance”,the matron or key nursing personnel of rural health centers then taught their nursing staff by the skills they had learned. Results:The pass rate of “three basics” examination among the nursing staff of rural health centers was obviously increased. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion:The training by the “Volunteer Team of Technical Assistance” improved not only the skill of nursing staff of rural health centers,but also the quality of the volunteers themselves as well as the cooperation and communication among urban and rural hospitals.

Abstract:The western hygienics was communicated to China by interpreted books of boanerges. It spread hygienics knowledge,changed Chinese concept,advanced hygiene policy and action. The article discussed the content and characteristic of western hygienics books interpreted by Ding FuBao,studied the history background and approach of western hygiene,and explored the influence of western hygiene communication to social change of modern china.

Abstract:Based on review of literatures,this study summarized important indicators to evaluate the internationalization of Chinese universities. Based on the indicators,questionnaires were designed to study the development of Nanjing Medical University’s internationalization in the past fifteen years. The surveyed data and results were analyzed and compared with previous studies. Measures of improvement on the internationalization of Nanjing Medical University were proposed.

Abstract:Objective:To analyse the positive and negative aspects of using campus card on financial management information and put forward some reasonable proposals. Methods:Literature research combined with data analysis were used,and the risks and its influencing factors in the process of using of campus card were analysed. Results:Campus card played an important role in promoting the university information system,improving the standardized management of school fees,and helping prevent malicious arrears. Conclusion:According to the actual situation,universities should develop an appropriate management approach,strengthen the training of financial staff,and constantly improve the level of financial management.

Abstract:Young faculty plays a vital role in the development of medical schools. In the article,the status of young faculty team at some medical schools in Jiangsu province had been surveyed to know the issue of the development of qualified teachers,and strategies and proposals had been brought forward to strengthen the construction of the young faculty team at medical schools.

Abstract:Grabbing a seat has been a great problem in many libraries of universities for a long time. Based on the analysis of the cause and steps applied in other universities and their effects,different measures of regulation were taken in Nanjing Medical University and their effects were compared,and effective countermeasures and suggestions were raised to solve the problem.

Abstract:The article sorted out the situation of the religious beliefs of undergraduates in the all Youth League Branches in School of Basic Medical of Nanjing Medical University,and reviewed and summarized the experience of undergraduate’s religion management,then considered that the theoretical level of educators in colleges and universities should be improved continuously. With the precondition of respecting the historical,social and cultural status of the religion,educators should scientifically guide the students to identity their characters,form a firm concept of dialectical materialism,and firmly establish Marx beliefs.

Abstract:The article summarized the characteristics of “post－90s” college students,inluding active in mind,eager to innovation,abundant in knowledge and information,strong self－consciousness and unabashed individuality,then explored the reasons from aspects of household,school and society,and also put forward the method to change the style of current ideological education from four aspects in the theoretical and practical level. The method focused on the “issue” consciousness in the theoretical teaching field,proposed the research－oriented method and established the three－dimensional teaching style. In practice,it stressed the teaching of practical training besides lecturing in the classroom through social investigation,part－time jobs and campus activities to promote the combination of theory and practice and to enhance the quality of teaching;it strengthened mental health education and improved their ability to resist the setbacks;it conducted comprehensive education for all－around development. Especially,it insisted on the combination of positive direction,professional education and cultivation of ideological morality,and enhanced the colleges’ theoretical accomplishments and professional accomplishments.

Abstract:College courses on public speaking have received more and more attention. According to the public speaking level of Chinese college student and weakness in college speaking training at present,an exploratory reform,aiming at helping students’ verbal communication during all kinds of interviews,has been done in college selective course of public speaking and presentation. The international Toastmaster speaking training skills had been first introduced into the classroom and modified based on Chinese national condition. Results showed that the application of Toastmaster training skills helped optimize the efficiency of the course of public speaking and presentation. This course not only increased students’ public speaking performance significantly,but also stimulated their interests for expressing themselves and encouraged self－motivation which would help built up students’ confidence and comprehensive quality for further job－hunting competition.

Abstract:Epidemiology and general medicine share the same research object and serve the same purpose. Both of them are population－based, aim at disease prevention and control,and health promotion. The epidemiological ways of thinking and viewpoints including macro (population), comparison, probability statistics,the theory of multiple etiologies,grading prevention and prevention oriented can effectively guide general medical research and practice. Through the analysis of the application and importance of epidemiological ways of thinking in general medicine,the article indicated that in epidemiological teaching for students of general medicine,students’ epidemiological thinking should be trained first,and followed by epidemiological research methods under the guidance of epidemiological thinking.

Abstract:Clinical practice in department of urology is an important component in medical students’ practice. The authors applied PBL teaching method in urology practice teaching of medical students,which still had many problems,and compared the results in the clinical examination and questionnaire between the students taught by PBL and traditional teaching method,and then found that there were significant differences between the two groups. So the article considered that the PBL teaching method was proved to be effective for improving urology practice teaching quality,and might be applied in other surgical department.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the teaching effect of problem－based learning(PBL)combined with case－based learning (CBL) and lecture－based learning (LBL) in clinical practice of gastroenterology. Method: Forty－tow clinical students in the department of gastroenterology of our hospital were randomly divided into two groups,one was trail group and the other was control group. Students in trail group were trained by PBL+CBL+LBL,while students in control group were taught by CBL+LBL. The teaching effect of the two groups were compared. Results:The teaching effect of PBL combined with CBL and LBL group was significantly better than that of the CBL and LBL group(P﹤0.05),that including improving study efficiency and self－learning ability,stimulating study interest,establishing clinical thinking and other aspects. Conclusion:Teaching method of PBL combined with CBL and LBL is better than that of LBL and CBL,and it can contribute to the student’s clinical thinking and practical ability.

Abstract:Objective: To identify the presence of cancer stem-like cells (side population,SP) in thyroid cancer and compare the growth pattern,clonogenity and invasive potential between cancer SP and non-SP cells. Methods: Three different human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines(including HTh74,SW1736,and C643) were stained with Hoechst 33342 and sorted for a small fraction of SP by fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS). The gene expression of stem cell marker-Oct4(octamer-binding transcription factor 4) and genes related to cancer resistance and relapse-ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2) and MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1) in SP and non-SP cells was compared by performing RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining. Colony formation assay was performed to evaluate the self-renewal potential of SP cells,and cell invasive potential was measured by using the Matrigel invasion assay. Results: Cancer SP cells possessed some intrinsic stem cell properties as they preferentially expressed stem cell marker Oct4 and ABC transporter genes-ABCG2 and MDR1,and can generate both SP and non-SP cells in vitro. Colony formation analysis and Matrigel invasion assay revealed that these cancer SP cells were more clonogenic and displayed higher invasive potential than non-SP cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the SP in thyroid cancer cell lines is enriched with stem-like cancer cells that may be the source of tumor drug resistance and recurrence.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the cell migration ability by EP2 receptor in cholangiocarcinoma HuCCT1 cells. Methods: HuCCT1 cells were treated with PGE2,EP1-4 receptor agonist,EP2 receptor antagonist,AC inhibitor,and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. Western blotting and scratch assay were employed to detect the protein level of ICAM-1 and the cell migration ability in HuCCT1 cells. Results: PGE2 might upregulate the protein level of ICAM-1 in cholangiocarcinoma HuCCT1 cells. The protein level of ICAM-1 was increased by 66.17%(P < 0.05) compared with the control group after treatment with 5 -滋mol/L PGE2 for 24 h,and the increase was dose- and time-dependent. The cell migration ability of HuCCT1 was increased by 43.29% (P < 0.01) compared with the group after treated with 5 -滋mol/L PGE2. The protein expression of ICAM-1 in HuCCT1 cells were increased by 257.88%(P < 0.05) after treatment with EP2 receptor agonist for 24 h,and the cell migration ability of HuCCT1 was increased by 56.99%(P < 0.01). The protein level of ICAM-1 decreased by 49.14% (P < 0.05) compared with the group,which were treated with PGE2 after treatment with 10 -滋mol/L EP2 receptor antagonist,and the cell migration ability of HuCCT1 decreased by 52.06% (P < 0.01). When treated with 25 -滋mol/L AC inhibitor SQ22536 and 10 -滋mol/L PKA antagonist H89 for 24h,the protein levels of ICAM-1 were decreased by 72.87%(P < 0.05),80.78%(P < 0.05) compared with the group treated with EP2 receptor agonist. Conclusion: PGE2 upregulates the protein level of ICAM-1 and the cell migration ability through EP2 receptor in cholangiocarcinoma HuCCT1 cells,which could be partly related to the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the relationship between the SDF-1/CXCR4 chemokine axis and VEGF in glioma angiogenesis. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to semi-quantitate the expression of CXCR4 and VEGF in human glioma. To characterize the effect of CXCR4 on VEGF,U87 and HUVECs cells were co-cultured with or without SDF-1,and the secretion of VEGF in the supernatant was detected by ELISA. With diverse treatments(control,SDF-1,CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and CXCR4 siRNA treated group) of U87,the supernatant was collected for HUVEC culture,and tubule-like structure(TLS) were counted. Results: The expression of CXCR4 and VEGF in glioma was increased with the malignancy of glioma,and the results showed a significantly positive correlation (P < 0.01). Moreover,the ELISA data demonstrated that CXCR4 was correlated with VEGF secretion and tube-formation (P < 0.01). Conclusion:CXCR4 was potentially correlated with the degree of malignancy of glioma,and SDF-1 facilitates the secretion of VEGF via CXCR4. In addition,CXCR4 was involved in glioma vascular proliferation,which may function as a potential target for the development of therapeutic strategies.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effects of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro. Methods: Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and identified by FACS and were expanded ex vivo and the supernatant was collected. Cell growth was measured by MTT assay,colony formation and soft agar colony formation assay. Cell cycle progression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot assays were used to detect the expression of Cyclin D1. Results: Mesenchymal stem cells promoted the proliferation and clonogenicity of cell line HepG2 indirectly by MSC-CM(P < 0.05). Cell number in G0/G1 phase was decreased and that in S and G2/M phase was increased(P < 0.05). MSCs promote the expression of protein Cyclin D1 in HepG2(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Mesenchymal stem cells can promote the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line by upregulating Cyclin D1.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of changes in 5-HT2B receptor on the pathogenetic mechanism of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subgroups in rat models. Methods:Forty-five SD rats were divided into the D-IBS group,C-IBS group and control group. The D-IBS model was established in rats by intracolonic instillation of acetic acid and by restraint stress. The C-IBS model was established in rats by gastric instillation of 0-4℃ cool water daily for 14 days. The control group was also made. Weight and water content of the feces expelled by the rats were calculated. Abdominal contractions induced by distension of a colonically inserted balloon (0-60 mmHg) were recorded in rats by implanting electrodes in the abdominal external oblique muscle. Histological analysis of colonic tissue was performed. The distributions of 5-HT2B receptor in colon tissues of the D-IBS,C-IBS and control groups were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of 5-HT2B receptor protein and mRNA in colon tissues in the D-IBS,C-IBS and control group were detected by Western blot and reverse transcription PCR,respectively. Results:The wet weight and water content of the feces expelled by the rats in the C-IBS were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05),while those of the D-IBS group were higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The amplitude of the abdominal muscle contraction was higher in the D-IBS group and C-IBS group compared with the control group when the balloon was distended at the pressure of 40 and 60 mmHg. The amplitude of the contraction in the D-IBS group was higher than the C-IBS group(P < 0.01). Histological analysis of the colon showed no colonic inflammation in any group. These aspects suggested that IBS subgroups were successfully made. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the 5-HT2B receptor was mainly localized in the myenteric nerve plexus,longitudinal muscle and colon mucosa. Western blot and reverse transcription PCR analyses showed that the expressions of 5-HT2B receptor protein and mRNA in the D-IBS group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05);however,the levels of 5-HT2B receptor protein and mRNA in the C-IBS group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The results indicate that 5-HT2B receptor plays a role in the pathogenetic mechanism of the IBS subgroup.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the functional changes of murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with the soluble egg antigen (SEA),and its impact on the differentiation of Th17 cell. Methods:Murine bone marrow cells were induced to differentiate into DCs by GM-CSF and IL-4. Flow cytometry was used to measure IL-6 and IL-23 and ELISA was used to measure TGF-β concentrations in the supernatant of cultured DCs. CD4+T cells and DCs were co-cultured and then the concentrations of relevant cytokines in the culture supernatant were detected. Results:Highly purified DCs were induced and could be used for further experiments. DCs were stimulated with SEA to express high levels of CD40,CD80,CD86 and MHC-II. Meanwhile,DCs stimulated with SEA produced significantly higher concentrations of IL-6 and TGF-β than the blank control group. Co-cultured cells stimulated with SEA yielded significantly higher concentrations of IL-17 than the blank control group. Conclusion:Stimulation by SEA generates mature DCs,and can induce the differentiation of CD4+T cells towards Th17 cells.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of elevated Toll-like receptor 3(TLR3) on the growth of INS-1 pancreatic β-cell and possible cell cycle changes during this process. Methods:INS-1 cells were synchronized at the G0 phase by serum deprivation for 12 h. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC) was used to activate TLR3,and the proteasome was inhibited with MG132. Cell viability was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. Cell cycle distribution was measured by FACS analysis,and cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 was further detected using real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results:PIC significantly inhibited the viability of INS-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Furthermore,PIC induced an increase in the proportion of cells at the G1 phase and a corresponding decrease in the number of cells at the S phase(P < 0.05). Additionally,PIC treatment caused a significant reduction in Cyclin D1 levels (P < 0.05),but without a parallel decrease in Cyclin D1 mRNA levels(P > 0.05). Inhibition of the proteasome with MG132 rescued Cyclin D1 protein from degradation. Conclusion:The results suggest that TLR3 activation with PIC directly inhibits pancreatic β-cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase,possibly by downregulation of Cyclin D1 in a proteasome-dependent manner,which ultimately results in an overall β-cell mass deficiency.

Abstract:Objective:To establish a mouse preosteoblast cell lines overexpressing 11β-HSD1 gene. Methods:A lentiviral vector overexpressing mouse 11β-HSD1 was constructed. Lentivirus particles were generated in 293FT cells,followed by concentration and purification. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells were infected by the lentivirus,which were later selected by BSD. The mRNA and protein expression of 11β-HSD1 was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively. MC3T3-E1 osteogenic differentiation was detected using Alizarin red staining. Results:The lentiviral vector of mouse 11β-HSD1 overexpression was successfully constructed,and the MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cell lines were infected efficiently by the lentivirus. The mRNA and protein levels of 11β-HSD1 were higher in MC3T3-E1 cells infected by 11β-HSD1 overexpression lentivirus than that of cells infected by the negative control lentivirus. Alizarin red staining showed that the differentiation ability toward osteoblasts of MC3T3-E1 cells was not influenced by lentivirus infection. Conclusion:Our findings showed that 11β-HSD1 gene was effectively overexpressed in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells using lentivirus infection,which provides a useful tool for further studies of 11β-HSD1 function in osteoblasts.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the cardiomyogenic potential and biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) induced by 5-azacytidine(5-aza) in vitro. Methods:MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of mice by density gradient centrifugation and attachment culture. MSCs of passage 2 were induced to differentiate by 5-aza at 10.0 -滋mol/L. Optical microscope was used to observe the morphology of cells. cTnT,-琢-actin and connexin-43 were detected by immunochemistry to identify the differentiation. Results:MSCs isolated by density gradient centrifugation and attachment culture can grow steadily and proliferate rapidly. After incubated with 5-aza,MSCs were found to change their round shape into spindle shape and form myotube structure. cTnT,-琢-actin and connexin-43 expression was gradually up-regulated with the extension of culture time. Conclusion: The density gradient centrifugation and attachment culture method can be used for isolating MSCs with high purity. After treatment with 5-aza,MSCs can differentiate into cardiomyogenic cells with typical morphological and histological characteristic in vitro.

Abstract:Objective:To determine the expression and localization of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in different cells of skeletal tissue. Methods: The activity and protein localization of TRAP in different cells of skeletal tissue of tibiae from 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice were examined by histochemistry,immunohistochemistry or histochemical and immunohistochemical double staining. Results: Strong positive reaction for TRAP was detected in osteoclasts and positive reaction was also detected in chondrocytes from articular cartilage and growth plates,osteoblasts and periosteal cells by both histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Histochemical and immunohistochemical double staining demonstrated that the most of TRAP immunopositive cells also showed histochemical positive reaction for TRAP,but some TRAP immunopositive cells were histochemical negative for TRAP. Conclusion: The TRAP not only highly express in osteoclasts,but also express chondrocytes of articular cartilage and growth plates,osteoblasts and periosteal cells.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of high mobility group box 1(high mobility group box1,HMGB1) on the extracellular release of proinflammatory cytokines in lung epithelial cells,and its possible mechanism. Methods:The cytokines levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 in the culture supernatants of BEAS-2B human lung epithelial cells was determined by ELISA assay after induction with different concentrations of recombinant HMGB1 protein (1,10,100 and 1000 μg/L). The inhibitory effect of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antibody (10 mg/L) on the release of these cytokines was observed. Results:Recombinant HMGB1 dose-dependently increased the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the culture supernatants of BEAS-2B cells. The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the culture supernatants were time-dependently increased,and TNF-α level reached to the peak after 6 h induction of 100 μg/L HMGB1. TLR4 antibody partly inhibited HMGB1-induced release of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion:HMGB1 can induce lung epithelial cells to release TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6,and TLR4 may be involved in the regulatory mechanism.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells T24 induced by curcumin precursor compounds,which were generated by introducing ester bond toughening groups and to provide a new foundation for treating bladder cancer. Methods:T24 bladder cancer cells and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) were treated with curcumin precursor compounds,boc-phenylalanine- curcumin (BPC),and curcumin,MTT assay was used to determine the cellular inhibition rate and flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptotic rate. Ultrastructural changes of T24 cells treated with 20 and 40 BPC μmol/L were by electronic microscopy. Results:BPC and curcumin precursor compounds at 5~40 μmol/L inhibited the proliferation of T24 bladder cancer cells following incubation for 6~24 h in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibition rate of BPC was 5.31%~59.34 % (P < 0.05),and that of curcumin was 7.33%~63.59%(P < 0.05). Inhibition of normal HASMCs was reduced obviously compared with the curcumin group (the BPC group,1.41%~12.34% vs. the curcumin group,5.34%~36.59%,P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference(P < 0.05). Fow cytometry showed that,at 24 h,the apoptotic rate of T24 cells treated with 5~40 μmol/L BPC was 16.97%~47.12%(P < 0.05) and that of curcumin-treated cells was 19.21%~48.92% (P < 0.05). For HASMCs,the apoptotic rate of T24 cells treated with 5~40 μmol/L BPC was 0.94%~3.27%,and that of curcumin-treated cells was 4.69%~11.35%. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy showed that T24 cells treated with BPC exhibited morphological features typical of apoptosis. Conclusion:Curcumin ester compounds BPC can inhibit T24 bladder cancer cell proliferation and lead to apoptosis,but with no apparent effect on normal HASMCs. It may provide a new foundation for curcumin-based treatment of tumors.

Abstract:Objective:To characterize the anti-atherosclerotic molecular mechanism of policosanol in atherosclerosis rat. Rat atherosclerosis model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3 with high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. Methods:Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:the normal group,atherosclerosis (AS) group,atorvastatin group and policosanol group. Serum lipids and serum inflammatory cytokine hs-CRP were detected enzymatically(end-point method/CHO-PAP method) and ELISA method,respectively. The atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta was observed under an electron microscope. The expression of p-p38MAPK was analyzed by Western blot. Results:The normal group showed intact endothelium. AS formations were significantly greater in the AS group. The serum lipid levels,the content of serum inflammatory cytokines hs-CRP and the expression of p-p38MAPK in the policosanol group were between the AS group and the normal group,which were the highest in the AS group. Conclusion:Apart from its lipid-lowering effects,policosanol reduced the production of serum hs-CRP and inhibited the expression of p-p38MAPK in AS rats. The p38MAPK phosphorylation pathway may be involved in the anti-atherosclerosis molecular mechanism of policosanol in AS rats.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of simvastatin on fibronectin expression in the colon of rats with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods:The CD model was established in rats by intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS). SD rats were divided into the control group,model group,model group with simvastatin (5,20 mg/kg) group. Colonic histologic and fibrotic scores were assessed after 21 days. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of FN,FN ED-A and FN ED-B. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of FN and p-MYPT-1 (representing activity of Rho-kinase). Results:In comparison with the control group,the score of histology and fibrosis,and the expression of FN and p-MYPT-1 in colonic tissue were increased obviously in the model group (P < 0.01),and reduced after administration of simvastatin (P < 0.05). Conclusions:Simvastatin is effective in preventing colonic FN expression in TNBS-induced colitis,which may result from the inhibition of the activity of Rho-kinase. It is suggested that simvastatin may prevent intestinal fibrosis in CD.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate whether lung cancer cells can directly influence the methylation of IFN-γ gene promoter in CD4+T cells. Methods:The plasma level of IFN-γ was determined by ELISA in the lung cancer patient group (n = 30) and healthy control group(n = 30). CD4+T cells were isolated by CD4-positive isolation kit from peripheral blood of lung cancer patients (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 8),and genomic DNA was extracted using QIAamp Mini Kit and bisulfite treated. IFN-γ gene promoter methylation was analyzed with methylation specific sequencing method and the result was analyzed by bioinformatics software;A Transwell culturing system was also established (n = 6). CD4+ T cells of healthy volunteers were co-cultured with SPC-A1 as the experimental group and CD4+ T cells cultured as the control group. After culturing for 5 d,CD4+ T cells were collected to analyze IFN-γ gene promoter methylation using methylation specific sequencing method as described above. Meanwhile,CD4+ T cells were stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies for 6 and 24 h. The IFN-γ of supernatant was detected by ELISA and RT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA transcript levels of IFN-γ. Results:The level of plasma IFN-γ was significantly lower in lung cancer patients (69.30 ± 38.56 pg/ml vs 92.62 ± 34.75 pg/ml,P = 0.017). The hypermethylation status of IFN-γ promoter in CD4+ T cells of lung cancer patients was 84.6%(control,68.6%)(P < 0.001). The concentration of plasma IFN-γ was negatively correlated with the percentage of methylation at the IFN-γ promoter in the patient group(r = -0.850 3,P = 0.010 7). In Transwell culturing system,after stimulation for 6 and 24 h,the expression of IFN-γ in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group [6 h:(14.53 ± 7.12) pg/ml vs (36.14 ± 23.51) pg/ml,24 h:(7.81 ± 4.02) pg/ml vs (24.85 ± 15.58) pg/ml]. The mRNA transcript levels of IFN-γ of the control groups were increased 2.37 fold after stimulation for 6 h. The hypermethylation status of the IFN-γ promoter in CD4+ T cells of the experimental group was 85.4%(control,70.9%). Conclusion:Lung cancer cell can induce the hypermethylation of IFN-γ gene promoter,which downregulates the expression of the IFN-γ gene,and it may play an important role on the immunosuppression of lung cancer patients.

Abstract:Objective:To study the expression differences of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) protein in extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) tissues and corresponding adjacent normal skin and mucosa tissues,and explore their relationship in angiogenesis of EMPD tissue. Methods:We detected VEGF and bFGF protein expression by immunohistochemical staining in EMPD tissue and corresponding adjacent normal skin and mucosa from nine cases and combined their clinical data to perform statistical analysis. Results:We found that VEGF and bFGF protein staining signals(score) in EMPD tissues were significantly stronger than that of the adjacent normal skin and mucosa (P < 0.05). Furthermore,we found that “signal rate ratio” of the two proteins(bFGF/VEGF) was significantly higher in EMPD tissues than that of adjacent normal mucosa (t = 2.630,P = 0.030). Conclusion:VEGF and bFGF gene products are key signaling proteins in EMPD angiogenesis,and the interaction of the two stimulus signals plays a facilitating role in the occurrence and development of EMPD,especially the high expression of bFGF. How to block the over-expression of VEGF and bFGF in EMPD to destroy the blood supply of tumor cells and restrain the rapid occurrence and development of tumor is still the next focus of our study.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effect of labaplatin combined with irradiation on non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 and explore its radiosensitizing mechanism. Methods: MTT was used to examine the effect of labaplatin and /or irradiation on lung cancer cell line A549 proliferation. Flow cytometry was applied to detect the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used to observe the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Results: Lung cancer cell line A549 could be inhibited by labaplatin in a concentration dependent manner. G2/M phase peak and apoptosis rate was the highest in cells treated with labaplatin combined with irradiation. Western blotting illustrated the decrease of Bcl-2 and the increase of Bax. Conclusion: Labaplatin could radiosensitize A549 cells and the possible mechanism might be related with inhibiting Bcl-2, inducing Bax expression and activating the Bcl-2 (Bax)-caspase signaling way.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the in situ expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate carcinoma (PCa) tissues and its clinic significance. Methods:Using immunohistochemical method,the expression of hTERT was examined in 43 specimens of prostate tissues,including 15 cases of BPH,11 cases of PIN and 17 cases of PCa. The association of Gleason score and expression of hTERT was explored. Data were analyzed by Fisher’s Exact Test and Spearman’s rho analysis. Results:1. The hTERT protein was expressed in 15 out of 17 PCa cases (88.24%),4 out of 11 PIN cases (36.36%),and 0 of 15 cases of BPH . A significant difference of expression was observed in the comparison of each two groups(all P < 0.05). 2. The intensity of hTERT expression in prostate carcinoma increases along with the Gleason score. The intensity of hTERT expression in prostate carcinoma was positively related to the Gleason score(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The hTERT protein is highly expressed in prostate tissue,which may be applied as a biomarker for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions. The intensity of hTERT expression in PCa increases along with the Gleason score. PIN patients with positive expression of hTERT should be closely observed and fellowed up.

Abstract:Objective:To discuss the characteristics of glucose and lipid metabolism and the relationship between plasma PCSK9 and relative metabolic factors in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 54(22 males and 32 females) subjects who were diagnosed as obese. Questionnaires,physical examinations,oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT),lipid profile,and other metabolic factors were performed on these objects. Serum PCSK9 was measured with Sandwich ELISA. Results: Data showed that the bone mass index(BMI) was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin (FINS),fasting C peptide (FCP),HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)(r = 0.386,0.488,0.363,0.546,P < 0.05). BMI was positively correlated with total triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low density cholesterol (LDL-C)(r = 0.365,0.274,0.305,P < 0.05),and it was negatively correlate with high density cholesterol(HDL-C)(r = -0.270,P < 0.05). BMI was positively correlate with C-reactive protein (CRP)and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GGT) (r = 0.577,0.417,P < 0.05 ). It was negatively with total bilirubin (TBIL)(r = -0.322,P < 0.05). PCSK9 was positively correlated with BMI,FINS,HOMA-IR(r = 0.406,0.535,0.496,P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation with BMI and blood lipid levels such as TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C(r = 0.089,0.237,0.269,-0.002,P > 0.05). CRP was positively correlated with FINS,FCP,HOMA-IR,TG(r = 0.331,0.464,0.494,0.530,P < 0.05). γGGT was positively correlated with FBG,TG (r = 0.284,0.501,P < 0.05). γGGT was negatively correlated with HDL-C(r = -0.289,P < 0.05). TBILI was negatively correlated with FINS,FCP,LDL-C(r = -0.324,-0.290,-0.315,P < 0.05). Conclusion: There were multiple abnormalities of glucose and lipid metabolism in obese adolescents and young adults in this study. PCSK9 was closely related to FINS and HOMA-IR. The prevention of obesity might help to prevent future cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the expression of lactate dehydrogenase-A(LDH-A) in cholangiocarcinoma tissues,human cholangiocarcinoma cell line HuCCT1 and human normal bile duct epithelium cell line HIBEpic. Methods: The expression of LDH-A in 32 cholangiocarcinoma and 15 adjacent non-cancerous tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR and Western blotting assays were used to detect the expression of LDH-A in human cholangiocarcinoma cell line HuCCT1 and human normal bile duct epithelium cell line HIBEpic. Results: LDH-A was overexpressed in 56.3% (18/32) cholangiocarcinoma tissues (P < 0.01) and in HuCCT1 cells but not in HIBEpic cells. Conclusion: Cholangiocarcinoma tissues and human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines HuCCT1 overexpress LDH-A,indicating that LDH-A may play an important role in the initiation and progression of cholangiocarcinoma.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate protein expression and significance of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) and its relationship with clinicopathologic features. Methods:The expression of VEGF-C in 50 papillary thyroid cancer(PTC),50 follicular thyroid cancer(FTC) and 20 normal thyroid (NT) tissue specimens were detected by SP immunohistochemistry. Results:The positive rates of VEGF-C in PTC,FTC and NT tissues were significantly different (48.0% vs 24.0% vs 10.0%,P < 0.05). The positive rates of VEGF-C were higher in PTC with lymph node metastases than PTC without metastases and PTC with bone or lung metastases(85.7% vs 40.0% or 50.0%,P < 0.05). The positive rates of VEGF-C were higher in FTC with lymph node metastases than FTC without metastases and FTC with bone or lung metastases (57.1% vs 17.1% or 25.0%,P < 0.05). The difference between PTC and FTC was mainly found between groups without metastases and with bone or lung metastases(P < 0.05). Conclusion:VEGF-C is closely related to lymph node metastasis of DTC,and may play an important role in lymph node metastasis of DTC. The expression of VEGF-C is higher in PTC than FTC,and can explain the different propensities to lymph node metastasis of PTC and FTC. High expression of VEGF-C in tumor tissue may be a predictor of lymph node metastasis of DTC.

Abstract:Objective: To examine the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1α),cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and the correlation with microvessel density(MVD) in human lung cancer. Methods: HIF-1-α and COX-2 expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry in lung cancer tissues of 48 patients. MVD was determined by immunostaining with anti-CD34 antibody. Results: HIF-1α and COX-2 were positive in 87.50%(42/48) and 77.08%(37/48),respectively,in 48 lung cancer patients. No statistical difference was found among different histopathological groups(P > 0.05). HIF-1α and COX-2 were expressed in 78.95%(15/19) and 57.89%(11/19) in early stage of lung cancer,and 93.10%(27/29) and 89.66%(26/29) in advanced stage of lung cancer. Both expressions of HIF-1 and COX-2 were positively correlated with the clinical stages of the patients(P < 0.05). In addition,the expression of HIF-1α and COX-2 were positively correlated with MVD in the lung cancer tissue(P < 0.05). The MVD of lung cancer tissue in which both HIF-1α and COX-2 were positive stained was higher than that in the group in which both HIF-1α and COX-2 or either of them was negatively expressed (P < 0.05). Conclusion: HIF-1α and COX-2 are important factors in the angiogenesis of lung cancer and may have a synergistic effect.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on 24-hour urine compositions and blood biochemistries in patients with upper urinary tract calculi. Methods:A total of 119 of patients with upper urinary tract calculi were evaluated,and were classified as normal weight (18.5≤BMI<24.0,n = 37),overweight (24≤BMI<27,n = 52),or obese (27≤BMI,n = 30). The 24-hour urine sodium,potassium,calcium,phosphate,uric acid,serum sodium,potassium,calcium,phosphate,uric acid,and urine pH,and urine specific gravity were determined by biochemistry analyzer and were compared among the three groups. The proportion of metabolic disturbances was also compared among the three groups. Results:In male patients with stones,24-hour urine sodium,calcium,phosphate,uric acid and serum uric acid in obese and overweight groups were both significantly higher than those in normal group (P < 0.05). Urine pH in the obese group was significantly lower than that in overweight and normal groups (P < 0.05). Serum phosphate level in the overweight group was significantly higher than that in the normal group(P < 0.05). In female patients with stones,24-hour urine calcium,uric acid in the obese and overweight groups were both significantly higher than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). Urine pH in the obese and overweight groups were significantly lower than those in normal group(P < 0.05). Urine sodium in the obese group was significantly higher than that in normal group(P < 0.05). The proportion of hypersodiuria,hypercalciuria,hyperuricosuria and hyperphosphatemia and combined two or more metabolic disturbances in the obese group were significantly higher than those in normal group (P < 0.05). The proportion of hypersodiuria,hypercalciuria and combined two or more metabolic disturbances in the overweight group were significantly higher than those in the normal group(P < 0.05). The proportion of hypersodiuria and combined two or more metabolic disturbances in obese group were significantly higher than those in overweight group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Obesity and overweight play a role in changes in 24-hour compositions,associated blood biochemistries and urine pH,and there is gender difference. A metabolic evaluation is necessary for stone patients,especially for obese and overweight ones,in treating and preventing urinary stones.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the prognostic relevance of disseminating tumor cells (DTCs) detection in the bone marrow of patients with breast cancer. Methods:The literature was searched from Medline,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Wanfang Data and VIP information database. Review Manager 5.1.4 was used for Meta-analysis and main outcome measures included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results:A total of 4 091 patients from 14 studies were enrolled. Meta-analysis associated the presence of DTCs with both poor PFS[HR=1.83(95%CI:1.51~2.22),n = 12,I2 = 75%]and OS[HR=1.59(95%CI:1.39~1.83),n = 12,I2 = 58%]. The subgroup analyses on different sampling time showed that the detection of DTCs was a potential prognostic factor before,during and after operation. Stratification by different detection methods also showed that there were statistically significant differences in PFS and OS between DTCs-positive patients and DTCs-negative ones both in iICC(immunocytochemistry) and RT-(q)PCR (reverse transcriptionanse quantitative polymerase chain reaction) compartment (P < 0.000 01). Conclusion:The presence of DTCs before,during and after operation indicates early recurrence and death in breast cancer patients.