Abstract:Objective:To investigate PKR activation-induced pancreatic β cell growth inhibition and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods:BEPP was used to activate PKR in INS-1 cells,cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. EdU labeling together with flow cytometry was applied to detect β-cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of eIF2α and its phosphorylation and the expression of cyclin D1. Results:BEPP significantly inhibited the viability of INS-1 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner(P < 0.05). EdU labeling assay indicated a significant reduction on proliferation of β-cell(P < 0.05). Cell number in G0/G1 phase was increased and that in S phase was decreased (P < 0.05). Treatment with BEPP led to an increase in phosphorylation of eIF2α and a decreased expression of cyclin D1. Conclusion:BEPP (PKR inducer) could phosphorylate eIF2α which leads to inhibition of protein synthesis,at the same time,it can inhibit pancreatic β-cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest at G1 phase by downregulation of cyclin D1. Therefore,it can lead to the overall functions of the body of islet β-cell decompensation and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Abstract:Objective:To establish Boyden chamber approaches for comparative analysis of the cell body and pseudopodium protein or RNA of chemotactic breast cancer cells. Methods:Under EGF stimulation,the cell body and pseudopodium protein or RNA of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were separated using Boyden chamber approaches. Then the differential expression of Rab gene family in cell bodies and pseudopodia of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were analyzed. Results:Protein or RNA of cell bodies and pseudopodia were successfully separated and used to analyze the differential expression of Rab gene family in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We found that 21 Rab genes were highly expressed in cell bodies,16 Rab genes were highly expressed in pseudopodia,and the other 24 Rab genes were equally expressed in cell bodies and pseudopodia. Conclusion:These results make advances in our understanding of the molecules that abundantly located in breast cancer cells pseudopodia.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the differences of characteristics in activation and proliferation of cord blood lymphocytes stimulated by placenta-derived dendritic-like cells in different stages and further study the role of placental immune cells in pregnancy tolerance and labor onset. Methods:Mononuclear cells were separated mechanically from the mid-term placenta and late placenta. CD14+ cells were obtained by MACS and induced to differentiate into dendritic-like cells through the transebdothelial trafficking system. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze dendritic-like cell phenotype and ELISA assay was performed to detect the levels of IL-12,IL-10 in culture supernatant. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the ability of stimulating the proliferation of cord blood lymphocytes and flow cytometry was used to detect intracellular cytokine produced by stimulated cord blood T lymphocytes. Results:CD14+ monocyte-macrophage obtained from decidual tissue were inoculated into the endothelial monolayer,after two-way-induced culture,cells derived from full-term placenta had an appearance of dendritic morphology changes and highly expressed cell surface markers related to immune activation of dendritic cells,such as CD80,CD86;simultaneously,higher level of IL-12 and very low level of IL-10 were detected in the culture supernatant,and cells had stronge ability of stimulating the cord blood lymphocytes proliferation. They could stimulate cord blood lymphocytes to differentiate into the cells that most of them producing IFN-γ and less of them producing IL-10. However,the induced cells derived from mid-term placenta,expressed low-level CD80 and CD86(P < 0.05),in the culture supernatant,higher level of IL-10(P < 0.05) and very low level of IL-12 (P < 0.05) were detected. Cells had weaker ability in stimulating cord blood lymphocytes(P < 0.05),and stimulated cord blood lymphocytes to differentiate to form more cells producing IL-10(P < 0.05) and less cells producing IFN-γ(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Dendritic-like cells differentiated from placenta-derived monocyte-macrophages in different periods of pregnancy have different immunological characteristics,dendritic-like cells highly expressed CD80-CD86 and high-level IL-12 play a certain role in the termination of immune tolerance in pregnancy and labor onset,dendritic-like cells expressed low-level CD80-CD86,and high-level IL-10 may be involved in immune tolerance during pregnancy.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanism of budesonide on Th2-dominated immune response in a murine model of asthma. Methods:Twenty-four 6-week-old healthy BALB/c mice,SPF grade,were randomly divided into 3 groups,including the normal control group,the asthma group,and the budesonide group. Mice in the budesonide group were exposed to an aerosol of budesonide daily during ovalbumin(OVA) challenge. The murine asthma model was established by OVA sensitization and challenge. Twenty-four hours after the last airway provocation,acetylcholine (Ach) was administered via caudalis vein,and the airway resistance was measured by pulmonary function detector. The levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in branchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and total IgE in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total and differential cell counts in BALF were calculated by light microscopy. The airway inflammatory infiltration was detected by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The pulmonary thymic stromal lymphopoietin was determined by Western blot analysis. Results:As compared with the control group,the airway hyperreactivity,airway inflammation,cell count and eosinophil percentage in BALF,levels of total serum IgE and BALF IL-4 and IL-13,and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) expression in the lung were significantly increased in the asthma group (P < 0.05). As compared with the asthma group,all the above indices mentioned in the budesonide group were decreased significantly(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Budesonide could reduce the allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity by downregulating the expressions of pulmonary TSLP and Th2 cytokines,which may be an important mechanism of corticosteroids for the treatment of asthma.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of advanced glycosylation end products(AGEs) on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells(DCs). Methods:Monocytes were purified (over 98%) using anti-CD14 microbeads. After cultured with DC Cellgro medium containing recombinated human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(rhGM-CSF,100 μg/L) and recombinated human interleukin-4(rhIL-4,20 μg/L) for 8 days, monocytes were derived into immature DCs. Then they were exposed to AGE-HSA (0,200 μg/ml) for 24 h. Expression of VCAM-1 was semi-quantified by RT-PCR and Western-blot. At the same time, supernatants were collected and IL-12, IL-18 were analyzed by ELISA. Results:mRNA and protein of VCAM-1 incubated by 200 μg/ml AGE-HSA was higher than those of control at 24 h. Treatment of DCs with AGE-HSA resulted in nearly two times of the expression of VCAM-1(P < 0.05). The concentration of IL-12 and IL-18 was significantly higher than that of control(P < 0.05). Conclusion:AGEs can up-regulate the expression of VCAM-1 and induce the secretion of IL-12 and IL-18 in DCs. These findings may provide insight into the effect of DCs in processes of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Objective:To establish the extracorporeal circulation model of the mongrel dog and to investigate the effect of dextran-40 on inflammation and atrial fibrillation after extracorporeal circulation. Methods:Twelve male mongrel dogs underwent cardiac bypass. Two groups were formed. In experimental group(n = 6),dextran-40 infusion was administered at a dose of 7.5 ml/kg before the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass and at a dose of 12.5 ml/kg after the cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass. Identical amounts of saline was administered in control group(n = 6). Blood samples were taken from the coronary artery and coronary sinus before bypass,20 min after beginning of bypass,and 4 h,24 h,and 48 h after termination of bypass and initiation of reperfusion. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6,IL-8,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,C reactive protein (CRP),troponin I (TnI) were measured in these samples. And heart rate,mean blood pressure,ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac index (CI) were measured at the same time point. Pacing-induced atrial fibrillation was compared between two groups. The t test,χ2 test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results:In experimental group,lower peak plasma levels of IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,TNF-α,CRP and TnI were found. There was no significant difference in heart rate and mean blood pressure between two groups. Higher figures of the cardiac index and ejection fraction were noted in experimental group. Conclusion:Dextran-40 reduces the systemic inflammatory response,cardiac troponin I release,protects cardiac function and may relieve atrial fibrillation following cardiopulmonary bypass.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in hippocampus of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD),and expore the possible neuroprotective mechanism of naloxone on HIBD. Methods:Neonatal 7-day SD rats were randomly divided into three equal groups:Group S(sham operation group),Group C(HIBD+nomal saline treatment),Group N(HIBD + naloxone treatment). HIBD models were established by Rice method. All of the groups were further divided into six subgroups(n = 8 in each subgroup) according to the time points 3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,3 d,7 d,after H/I. Western blot was used to detect the protein level of HO-1. Variation of HO-1 activity in hippocampus was detected by biochemical test. The apoptosis cells in hippocampus were detected by TUNEL. Results:① Expression of HO-1 protein:Western blot showed that the expression of HO-1 in hippocampus in Group S was very low and the same at different time points,but the expressions of HO-1 in hippocampus in Group N,Group C increased markedly from 3 h and reached peak at 24 h post-H/I,then gradually decreased,and almost returned to the original levels 7 d after H/I,but still higher than Group S(P < 0.01). The expressions of HO-1 12 h,24 h,3 d,7 d after H/I in Group N were significantly higher than those of Group C(P < 0.01). ② Variation of HO-1 activity:The variation of HO-1 activity in Group C was increased from 3 h and reached peak at 24 h post-H/I,returned to the original level 7 d after H/I. HO-1 activities 12 h,24 h,3 d after H/I in Group N were significantly higher than those of Group C(P < 0.01). ③ Apoptotic cells detection:TUNEL staining showed that the numbers of apoptotic cells in Group N,Group C in hippocampus of ipsilateral hemisphere gradually increased at 3 h,peaked at 24 h and decreased at 3 d after H/I,the numbers of apoptotic cells in Group N 24 h,3 d,7 d after H/I were significantly lower than Group C(P < 0.01). Conclusion:①The expression of HO-1 in hippocampus increased after H/I injury,HO-1 is involved in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis and implicated in pathophysiological mechanisms of neuronal damage after H/I. ②Naloxone has a protective effect on H/I-induced neuronal injure,may exert its neuroprotective mechanisms by increasing HO-1 expression.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2) expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and its relationship with various clinicopathological parameters. Methods:The EZH2 protein expression in 52 cases of TSCC and 12 cases normal tongue samples was examined by immunohistochemistry. Based on these patients’ information and their follow-up data,the correlations of the EZH2 level with patients’ clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival were further evaluated by statistical analyses using Fisher exact test and Kaplan-Meier method respectively. Results:The EZH2 was over-expressed in TSCC,which was statistically different from that in normal tongue(P < 0.001). EZH2 over-expression was found to be associated with tumor grades(P = 0.033),cervical lymph node metastasis(P = 0.036) and the presence of local invasion (P = 0.012),but not with gender,age,tumor size and clinical stage (P > 0.05). The overall survival rates in patients with EZH2 high expression were significantly lower than those in patients with EZH2 low expression as estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test (P = 0.028). Conclusion:EZH2 is over-expressed in TSCC and its upregulation is associated with tumor grades,cervical lymph node metastasis,local invasiveness and poor prognosis.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of MMP-2 protein in esophageal squamous carcinoma and its clinicopathologic significance. Methods:Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of MMP-2 in 106 cases of squamous esophageal cancer tissues and 50 normal subjects. Results:The positive expression rate of MMP-2 in the squamous esophageal cancer tissues was 80.2% and there were significant difference comparing with normal subjects(P < 0.05). The positive rate of MMP-2 was significantly correlated with invasion,clinical stage,lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The expression of MMP-2 in esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues was high,which suggested that it could be of important clinical value to evaluate invasion,metastasis and prognosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the correlation between DNA methltransferase 3a(DNMT3a) and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2) expression and clinical parameters of gastric cancer. Methods:The expressions of DNMT3a and HDAC2 in 30 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and paracancerous tissues were detected by Western blot. The expressions of DNMT3a and HDAC2 in 90 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between DNMT3a and HDAC2 expressions and clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma was analyzed. Results:The protein levels of DNMT3a and HDAC2 were significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissues(P < 0.01). The immunohistochemistry examination showed that the positive rates of DNMT3a and HDAC2 protein were 79%(71/90) and 86%(77/90) respectively in 90 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues,DNMT3a expression was positively correlated with the differentiation and lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05),HDAC2 expression was positively correlated with the pathologic classification,invasion degree,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05). There was positive correlation between DNMT3a and DNMT3b(P < 0.05). Conclusion:DNMT3a and HDAC2 were risk factors in the development of gastric cancer and might reflect malignant degree and prognosis to a certain degree. For these reasons,they are useful markers of the tumor.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of HER-2/neu and RECK in breast carcinoma tissue. Methods:A total of 76 cases of breast carcinoma tissue and 30 cases of normal breast tissue were selected and stained with SP immunohistochemical method to detect the expression of HER-2/neu and RECK,positive rate and intensity were compared among cases with different TNM stage and differentiation of breast carcinoma,correlation between HER-2/neu and RECK was analyzed in breast carcinoma tissue. Results:Positive rate and intensity of HER-2/neu were higher and RECK were lower in breast carcinoma tissue than those in normal breast tissue,which were correlative with TNM stage and differentiation of breast carcinoma,the expression of HER-2/neu was negatively correlated with RECK in breast carcinoma tissue. Conclusion:HER-2/neu was over expressed while RECK was not expressed or at a low level in breast carcinoma tissue,these might be a biological mechanism for the occurrence and progression of breast carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective:To determine the association of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and tissue kallikrein (TK) levels with coronary artery stenosis degree in coronary artery disease patients. Methods:According to coronary angiography,the patients were stratified as 50% to 69% stenosis in one artery (group 1,n = 32),70% to 99% stenosis in one artery and (or) 50% to 99% stenosis in two or three artery (group 2,n = 29),total occlusion in one and(or) multi-artery(group 3,n = 25) and no stenosis (control,n = 24). Plasma TK and VEGF concentrations were measured by ELISA. Results:TK augmented from (781 ± 63) pg/ml in no stenosis to (1 900 ± 461) pg/ml in group 1,(2 203 ± 268) pg/ml in group 2 and (4 823 ± 1 005) pg/ml in group 3. VEGF level was (54.75 ± 23.22) pg/ml in no stenosis,(54.29 ± 23.22) pg/ml in group 1,(63.00 ± 26.72) pg/ml in group 2 and (71.27 ± 17.86) pg/ml in group 3. Linear multivariate stepwise analysis showed that TK level was independently associated with coronary artery stenosis degree(P < 0.001) after adjusting for hypertension(P = 0.990),diabetes mellitus(P = 0.574) and smoking(P = 0.561). No association was found between VEGF level and obstruction grading. A threshold of 1 725 pg/ml provided the maximized predictive value of total obstruction. Conclusion:Plasma TK level was significantly higher in the presence of coronary artery disease. TK level was independently associated with coronary artery stenosis grading. TK measurement may be useful for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis grading.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the correlation between C-reactive protein(CRP) gene +1444C/T polymorphism with the risk of unstable angina pectoris(UAP) and the serum CRP level in the ethnic Sunan Han population of China. Methods:The serum level of CRP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the CRP gene +1444C/T polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism between 172 patients with UAP and 230 control subjects. Results:① There was CRP gene +1444C/T polymorphism in this study population;② The serum CRP level in UAP patients (8.269/9.179 μg/ml) was significantly higher than those in control subjects (3.578/2.236 μg/ml)(P < 0.001) and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the serum CRP level was a risk factor of UAP;③ There was not difference in the serum CRP level in any genotypes of the CRP gene +1444C/T polymorphism between the UAP group and the control group(P > 0.05) and further grouped by gender and age. Conclusion:There was no relationship between CRP gene +1444C/T polymorphism with its serum level in the ethnic Sunan Han population of China.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the gene polymorphisms distribution of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T,A1298C and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G amomg the Han female in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu. Methods:A cross-sectional study was used. A total of 2 885 oral epithelial cells samples from recruited Han women in Zhenjiang were collected. The detections of MTHFR and MTRR gene polymorphisms conducted with Taqman-MGB technology. The distribution of gene polymorphisms of this study was analyzed and compared with partial regions of China,which included Weifang,Zhengzhou,Deyang and Hainan Province. Results:Among the Han women in Zhenjiang,the frequencies of MTHFR 677CC,CT,TT genotypes were 30.4%,47.8% and 21.8%;the frequencies of MTHFR 1298AA,AC,CC genotypes were 69.1%,27.4% and 3.5%;and the frequencies of MTRR 66AA,AG,GG genotypes were 56.9%,37.1% and 6.0%. Compared with partial other regions,the study found that the frequency of MTHFR 677TT genotype of Han women in Zhenjiang was higher than that in Deyang and Hainan,and lower than that in Weifang and Zhengzhou (all P < 0.01). The frequency of MTHFR 1298CC genotype of Han women in Zhenjiang was lower than that in Deyang and Hainan (all P < 0.01). The genotype of MTRR A66G of Han women in Zhenjiang was lower than that in Hainan(P < 0.01),while no difference was found when compared with other 3 regions (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:The gene polymorphisms distributions of MTHFR C677T,A1298C and MTRR A66G among the Han women in Zhenjiang were found to be statistically different from partial other regions of China.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the influence of different cardiac pacemaker implantation site on plasma interleukin-6(IL-6),atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) and left ventricular systolic function. Methods:Forty-two patients with DDD pacing were randomly divided into two groups:right ventricular apex pacing group (RVA,n = 20) and middle right ventricular septum pacing group (mid-RVS,n = 22). The plasma IL-6,ANP level,LAD,LVEDD,LVEF and QRS complex duration of pre-operation and post-operation were tested. Results:There was no statistical significance of IL-6,ANP level and LAD,LVEDD,LVEF between two groups before implantation and three months after implantation. The plasma leves of IL-6,ANP and LAD,LVEDD in RVA pacing group were higher than those in mid-RVS pacing group six months after implantation(P < 0.01). The plasma leves of IL-6,ANP and LAD,LVEDD in RVA pacing group six months after implantation were higher than those pre-implantation and three months after implantation(P < 0.01). The pacing QRS complexs duration was shorter in mid-RVS pacing group than that in RVA pacing group. Conclusion:Compared with the RVA pacing,mid-RVS pacing can avoid the elevation of IL-6,ANP level,left artial and ventricular dilation and the impairment of left ventricular systolic function.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the diagnose value of the urine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and plasma interleukin-8(IL-8) in purpura nephritis. Methods:There were 57 cases who suffered from Henoch-Schonlein purpura included in the experimental group,including 45 cases complicated with purpura nephritis. According to the level of urinary albumin,they were divided into 4 groups:group 1(normal urinary albumin),group 2(micro urinary albumin),group 3(a large number of urinary albumin),group 4 (simple purpuric group with normal urine). In the same period,19 cases of healthy children were selected as control group. The urinary MCP-1,and plasma IL-8 were examined in all cases by ELISA. The differences of urinary MCP-1,plasma IL-8 levels were compared among all the group,and the areas under the ROC curves were caculated. Results:The comparative differences of urine MCP-1 level from experimental group 1 to 4 had statistical significance(F = 88.52,P < 0.01). With the increase of urinary albumin,the urine MCP-1 level increased altogether. The differences from comparisons between one group and another all had statistical significance(P < 0.01). The comparative differences of plasma IL-8 levels from experimental group 1 to 4 and the control group had statistical significance (F = 289.55,P < 0.01). Comparisons between one group and another indicate:The comparative differences of plasma IL-8 level in urine albumin groups(group 1 to 3) of different levels had statistical significance(P < 0.01),whereas the comparative difference of normal urinary albumin group(group 1) and simple purpura group(group 4) did not have statistical significance(P > 0.05). The plasma IL-8 level of experimental groups(group 1 to 4) was obviously higher than that of control groups in average(P < 0.01). The areas under ROC curvs of urine MCP-1 and plasma IL-8 were 0.90 and 0.83. Their diagnostic boundary values were 111.50 ng/L and 349.54 ng/L and their sensitivities were 82.22% and 68.89%. Conclusion:The sensitivity of urine MCP-1 to the early diagnosis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) was superior to that of plasma IL-8. And these two are both helpful for the judgment of the severity of HSPN damage.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the risk factors of sacroiliac joint damage in patients with juvenile-onset spondyloarthropathy(JSpA),and to provide reference for the selection of appropriate treatment strategy. Methods:To analysis the clinical data of 212 cases of JSpA,including demographic factors(sex,age),genetic factors,the affected area,laboratories indicators. Patients were divided into two groups according to age (≤ 11 years old and 12~16 years old). Using the Logistic regression to filter out the risk factors of sacroiliac joint damage in patients with JSpA. Results:Out of the 212 cases,124(58.5%) patients suffered from sacroiliac joint damage. Single factor analysis showed that a number of factors were related to sacroiliac joint damage. Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease,at the onset of peripheral arthritis,particularly the large joints of lower limbs,tendon-sustained inflammation and HLA-B27-positive,family history were the risk factors of sacroiliac joint damage. Conclusion:The incidence of sacroiliac joint damage in JSpA patients is high and it is associated with multiple factors. For patients with these risk factors,early intervention and MRI examination of sacroiliac joint regularly should be taken to reduce or delay the disease progression.

Abstract:Objective:To determine the shear bond strengths of veneering porcelains via heat-pressed method or powder-liquid method to machinable zirconia cores. Methods:Bilayered zirconia/veneer blocks were fabricated with two brands of zirconia cores and two different veneering porcelains,using a heat-pressed layering technique or a conventional powder-liquid layering technique. Initial shear bond strengths between veneer and core were measured. Interfaces of veneer/core specimens were examined with scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Results:No statistical difference of initial shear bond strength was shown between two zirconia core brands,and between two veneer layering techniques. Conclusion:Heat-pressed layering technique obtained good veneer/core bond strength as well as conventional powder-liquid layering technique.

Abstract:Objective:To compare the root canal filling density of continuous-wave condensation technique with cold lateral compaction. Methods: Twenty freshly extracted human mandibular premolars with one single canal were selected and divided into two groups,ten teeth each. The root canals were prepared with a rotary system in a crown-down technique and obturated with either cold lateral compaction or continuous-wave condensation with E&Q plus system. All roots were horizontally sectioned at 2,4,6,8 mm from the apical foramen using low-speed saw. The cross-sectional area of the canal and gutta-percha were all measured using an image-analysis program. The percentage of gutta-percha-filled area (PGP) was then calculated. Results: With regard to PGP,no significant difference was found at the levels 2,4,6 mm from apex foramen between two groups,and however PGP of continuous-wave condensation group was significantly higher than that of cold lateral compaction group at 8 mm from apical. Conclusion: The density of continuous-wave condensation technique was superior to lateral compaction technique in middle and coronal portions of canals. However,there was no significant difference in the apical portion of canal between two groups.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the clinical outcome of IPS e. max Press all-ceramic crown,gold alloy porcelain fused metal (PFM) crown and Ni-Cr alloy PFM crown restorations. Methods:Three groups of patients were treated with IPS e. max Press all-ceramic crown,gold alloy PFM crown or Ni-Cr alloy PFM crown restorations separately. The crown restorations were evaluated with the USPHS criteria for color match,marginal discoloration,secondary caries,marginal adaptation and gingival health immediately and after a period of 12 months. Results:The clinical outcome of both IPS e. max Press all-ceramic crown and gold alloy PFM crown restorations was better than Ni-Cr alloy PFM crown restorations for color match and gingival health. There was statistically significant difference in 3 groups for marginal discoloration and marginal adaptation,in which IPS e. max Press all-ceramic crown restoration was the best and gold alloy PFM crown restoration was better than Ni-Cr alloy PFM. No secondary caries was detected. Conclusion:IPS e. max Press crown restoration exhibits excellent clinical outcome over a period of 12 months,and gold alloy PFM crown restoration is better than Ni-Cr alloy PFM.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the result of two incisions in patients with benign tumor on the upper part of parotid gland after regional parotidectomy. Methods:Forty cases were divided into two groups randomly. All patients were performed parotidectomy with the incision before tragus in group 1 and routine “S”-shape incision in group 2 respectively. Follow-up was carried out from 1 week to 2 years post operation to observe the treatment result. Results:There were less time of operation,less tissue reaction,less scar,less incidence of Frey’s syndrome and the great auricular nerve dysfunction but more beautiful outlook and more satisfaction in group 1 than those in group 2(P < 0.05). There was no difference on relapse rate and incidence of partial facial nerve injury and salivary fistula among two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion:The trauma and some postoperation complications were reduced in the new technique. This surgical approach presented could achieve a better facial cosmetic result in the parotid gland surgery.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1) drug resistance and related factors in acquired immunodificiency syndrome(AIDS) patients in Jiangsu province. Methods:One thousand and twenty-two AIDS patients who received antiretroviral therapy were recruited with cluster sample method in this study. All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire. The mutation of HIV drug resistance was determined through sequencing pol gene of HIV-1. Results:A total of 877 subjects were enrolled in the analysis. The total drug resistance rate was 6.50%.The prevalence of HIV drug resistance in AIDS patients with low level of CD4 cells in blood,solitary,low income level,long infection time,long treatment time and having HIV-related clinical symptoms is higher than others. Conclusion:The prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy was low in Jiangsu. However,among AIDS patients who are resistant to antiviral drug,most of them are resistant to NRTIs and NNRTIs which are two kinds of drugs in first-line antiviral therapy. More attention should be paid to the patients who were with long infection time,long treatment time,low income level,poor state of the body’s immune and living in unstable. It is necessary to increase the testing frequency of viral load and drug resistance as early as possible in order to reduce the death of AIDS.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the awareness rate of syphilis related knowledge among different types of population in Jiangsu province for further controlling syphilis. Methods:Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to select participants;and questionnaire survey on syphilis related knowledge was conducted among 3 016 participants from 13 cities of Jiangsu province. Results:Among 3 016 participants,the awareness rate of syphilis related knowledge was 67.69;and the highest rate was 86.04% among MSM,while the lowest rate was 54.01% among migrant workers. The awareness rate of syphilis related knowledge in 30~39 age group was the highest,with 74.48%,and the lowest rate of awareness was 53.99% in 20 age group. Participants with the higher educational level reported the more awareness of syphilis related knowledge;and the highest rate was 76.24% among participants with receiving college education or above. Most participants got syphilis related knowledge through television,propaganda and internet. Conclusion:There was a large difference between the awareness rates of syphilis related knowledge among different groups. We should strengthen propagandizing the syphilis prevention knowledge to achieve “Chinese syphilis prevention and control program (2010-2020)”.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the concentration and possible influencing factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban settled house dust. Methods:Vacuum cleaner was used for gathering settled house dust in 61 urban homes,and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with fluorescence detection and wavelength programming were used for PAHs measurement. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the possible influencing factors on PAHs in settled house dust. Results:Of 61 samples,the detection rates of phenanthrene,fluorene and pyrene were all 100%,and others were more than 85%. The geometric mean (G) concentration range was from 0.113 to 1.919 μg/g. The G concentration of total PAHs was 10.066 μg/g,and the maximum concentration was up to 280.395 μg/g. The sum of PAHs was far higher for high molecular weight than low high molecular weight. No influencing factors were found on PAHs levels in settled house dust. Conclusion:The PAHs pollution is ubiquitous and its level might cause potential health effects. It needs further investigation with larger sample size to explore the possible influencing factors on PAHs levels in settled house dust.