Abstract:Objective:To investigate the mechanism of iNOS in ischemia－reperfusion injury of rat spinal cord. Methods:Forty－two Sprague－Dawley rats were randomly divided into three different groups: Sham－operated group (n = 6),ischemia－reperfusion group (I/R,n = 18),and iNOS inhibitor group(I/R + AG,n = 18). In sham－operated group,peritoneotomy was performed without abdominal aortic cross－clamping (AACC),however,rats in I/R group and iNOS inhibitor group experienced 1 h AACC followed by 6 h,12 h,24 h reperfusion, respectively. After operation,rats in sham－operated and I/R group received an intraperitoneal injection of the carrier solutions (5 ml/kg of 5% DMSO),while rats in iNOS inhibitor groups received the treatment of AG at the dose of 150 mg/kg (i.p.). We examined the neurological motor function using ‘Tarlov’s score’ at 6 h,12 h and 24 h,alterations of spinal cord neurons morphologically by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunofluerescent staining with anti－NeuN,a specific marker for neurons,was performed to observe the number of surviving neurons in different conditions. The level of iNOS,BAD,p－BAD,14-3-3, and cytochrome C were detected by Western blot;the interaction of BAD and 14-3-3 was determined by coimmunoprecipitation analysis. Results:①The motor functions of the hind limbs of the sham－operated rats were normal. Rats in ischemia－reperfusion group were observed with significant reduce on hind limb movements (P < 0.05) in every reperfusion time compared to those in inhibitor group. ②The number of NeuN－positive cells (surviving neurons) in I/R group and iNOS inhibitor group was less than that in sham－operated group,while the number in iNOS inhibitor group was more than that in I/R group (P < 0.05). ③In the sham－operated group,no apoptotic neuron was noted. In ischemia－reperfusion group and iNOS inhibitor group,numerous apoptotic neurons could be detected. However the severity of apoptotic neuron in inhibitor group was less than that in I/R group. ④In the sham－operated group,iNOS was hardly detected at an extremely low level and was increased in a time－dependent manner in I/R group and iNOS inhibitor group,but the expression of iNOS in iNOS inhibitor group was lower than that in I/R group at each reperfusion time (6 h,12 h,24 h) (P < 0.05). Simultaneously,the change of cytochrome C was the same as the iNOS expression mode. In addition,the expression of p－BAD started to decrease at 6 h and decrease remarkably at 12 h,24 h in I/R group and iNOS inhibitor group,but the extent of decrease of p－BAD expression in iNOS inhibitor group was lower than that in I/R group (P < 0.05). ⑤In I/R group,the level of p－BAD/14-3-3 dimerization began to decrease since the reperfusion process started. However in the iNOS inhibitor group,the trend was alleviated by AG treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion:iNOS inducing apoptosis of neurons in spinal cord ischemia－reperfusion injury is involved in dephosphorylating BAD, and it can lessen spinal neurons apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of iNOS.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the efficiency of cell strainer－based vitrification in human ovarian tissue cryopreservation,and to find suitable concentration of cryoprotectants. Methods:Human ovarian biopsy tissues were obtained from ten female patients undergoing oophorectomy,endometriosis surgery, and ovarian cystectomy. The ovarian tissues were vitrificated by cryoprotectants containing ethylene glycol (EG),dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and sucrose using cell strainer as a device. The cryoprotectant mixtures were formulated as follows:12%DMSO + 12%EG + 0.5 mol/L sucrose,15%DMSO + 15%EG + 0.5 mol/L sucrose,18%DMSO + 18%EG + 0.5 mol/L sucrose,20%DMSO +20%EG + 0.5 mol/L sucrose. The morphology of the primordial follicles,cellular apoptosis in ovarian tissues,estradiol(E2),progesterone(P) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in culture medium were evaluated. The fresh tissues and the tissues in programmed cryopreservation were used as controls. Results:Compared with the fresh group,the proportion of normal primordial follicle declined a little in the cell strainer－based vitrification group but was higher than the programmed cryopreservation group,of which the proportion increased significantly in the 18% and 15% groups. Furthermore,the proportion of TUNEL－positive primordial follicles in the vitrification group was higher than that of the fresh group but was lower than that of the programmed cryopreservation group,of which the proportion decreased significantly in the 15% and 12% groups. Therefore,15% cryoprotectant mixtures was optimum for the ovarian tissues preservation. After recovery culturing the ovarian tissues from vitrification in 15% cryoprotectant mixtures,the levels of E2 and P were similar to the controls. However,the level of LDH was almost same as the fresh group,both of which were much more superior than the programmed cryopreservation group. Conclusion:The cell strainer－based vitrification is superior than the programmed cryopreservation,it could be a new vitrification method for clinical human ovarian tissue cryopreservation. The mixture containing 15%DMSO + 15%EG + 0.5 mol/L sucrose should be a optimized cryoprotectant.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the expression pattern of zebrafish gene NOMO1 during early embryonic development. Methods:The zebrafish ortholog of the mammalian NOMO1 cDNA was cloned,and semi－quantitative RT－PCR was used to preliminarily detect the expression level of NOMO1 during the zebrafish embryonic development. At the last step,the expression pattern of zebrafish NOMO1 among the early stage of embryonic development was described by whole in situ hybridization. Results:cDNA of zebrafish NOMO1 is 3 924 bp,which contains a complete coding sequence of 3 626 bp. The expression of zebrefish NOMO1 is widely distributed from fertilization to 24 hpf(hours－post－fertilization),which is most abundantly transmitted in the endoderm and mesendoderm. After 24 hpf,the expression mainly concentrates on the nervous system,such as prosencephalon,mensencephalon,cerebellum,precordal plate,otic vesicles,eyes,and at somewhat lower level in heart. Conclusion:According to the expression pattern of NOMO1,NOMO1 may be required for the development of the zebrafish embryo, and influence the heart development during the early period.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the interaction between Calcineurin and TRPC6, and the impact of this interaction on endothelin－1(ET－1)－induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Methods:PASMCs were treated with ET－1 to stimulate their proliferation with or without prior treatment of CsA or TRPC6 siRNA. Calcineurin activity in the cells was measured using a calcineurin activity assay kit,and TRPC6 expression was examined using Western blotting and RT－PCR. PASMCs proliferation following the treatments was determined using MTT assay. Results:ET－1 activited Calcineurin activity and upregulated TRPC6 expression. TRPC6 expression was decreased in response to the CsA treatment. Calcineurin activity was attenuated after pretreatment with TRPC6 siRNA;however,ET－1－stimulated PASMCs proliferation was inhibited after pretreatment with both CsA and TRPC6 siRNA. Conclusion:Calcineurin and TRPC6 are involved in ET－1－induced proliferation in PASMCs,and the interaction existes between Calcineurin and TRPC6 in PASMCs.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the role of orexigenic and anorectic neuropeptides in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in chronic energy restricted mice. Methods:Twenty－four C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into high fat diet group and normal diet group. After 8 weeks,6 mice of each group were given energy restricted diet (85% of normal or high fat diet). The mice were sacrificed after another 6 weeks. The body weight was determined every week during the 14 weeks feeding study. The neuropeptides mRNA expression levels from hypothalamic tissue were analyzed after sacrifice. Results:The energy restricted diet reversed obesity,and increased NPY and AgRP mRNA expression of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus after 6 weeks(P < 0.001). POMC and CART mRNA expression were not changed significantly. Conclusion:Chronic energy restriction leads to weight loss,but it also up－regulates hypothalamic orexigenic peptides,which may be an important contributing factor to weight regain after the energy restricted diet.

Abstract:Objective:To detect the expressions of FLIP,Smac and survivin in small－cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and poorly differentiated squamous－cell carcinoma (PDSCC),and analyze the correlation between the expressions of FLIP,Smac and survivin and clinical pathologic features and prognosis. Methods:The expressions of FLIP,Smac and survivin were detected by S－P immunohistochemical stain in SCLC and PDSCC. Protein and mRNA expressions of FLIP,Smac and survivin in normal lung tissue,SCLC and PDSCC were examined by Western blot and reverse transcription－polymerase chain reaction (RT－PCR),respectively. Results:One－year survival rate was 64.5%,60.5%,and 68.6%in total population studied,SCLC,and PDSCE,respectively;the expressions of FLIP,Smac and survivin were not related to sex,age,lymph node metastasis and smoking either in SCLC or in PDSCC (P > 0.05). Smac was significantly correlated with clinical stages and survival rates after treatment (P < 0.05). Protein and mRNA expressions of Smac in normal lung tissues were significantly higher than those in tumor tissues (P < 0.001),while protein and mRNA expressions of FLIP and survivin in normal lung tissues were significantly lower than those in tumor tissues (P < 0.001). Conclusion:Low expression of Smac in carcinoma tissues indicates low survival rate,and Smac may be an independent prognostic indicator. The combination of the detection of FLIP,Smac and survivin in cancer tissues may be helpful to predict prognosis.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate whether hydrogen sulfide(H2S) can prevent atherosclerotic development via suppression of local renin activity. Methods:Rats in atherosclerotic model group (MG) were fed with high fat diet. H2S treatment were performed with NaHS 56 -滋mol/(kg-d) i.p. for 12 weeks. Aorta morphological changes were observed by HE and oil red O staining. The renin acitivity in plasma and tissue was detected by radio－immunity and the renin express in tissue was observed by immunostaining. Results:Endogenous H2S level in both plasma and aortic tissue was significantly decreased in MG,but the renin level was obviously increased in the aortic tissue. Exogenous application of NaHS prevented the elevated levels of serum lipids including total cholesterol,triglyceride,high－density lipoprotein－cholesterol,and low－density lipoprotein－cholesterol,and decreased the renin level in aortic tissue. Histology staining showed that NaHS treatment attenuated plaque formation and decreased lipid infiltration and accumulation in the plaque area in high fat treated rats. Conclusion:These data suggest that local renin is important in the AS development. Exogenous NaHS supplementation significantly prevents escalation of tissue renin expression. Hence,the present study presents a novel mechanism for the protective effect of H2S on atherosclerotic progression via inhibition of local renin expression in the aortic tissues.

Abstract:Objective:To confirm if neuropeptide Y(NPY) is one of the most important factors in regulating GnRH release. Methods:In this study,we investigated the change of NPY expression in hypothalamus of common rats treated with the repeated EA at different developmental stages. Low frequency EA(3 Hz) was performed at acupoints(treatment groups) or non－acupoints (control groups) for 20 min daily for 10 days in Sprague－Dawley (SD) rats at four developmental stages,which were juvenile stage,early puberty stage,later puberty stage and adult stage. NPY expression in the hypothalamus was determined after 10－day treatment. Results:The results showed that NPY expression in the early pubertal group(EPG) was significantly depressed after repeated EA(P < 0.05). Compared with the results of GnRH expression and body weights,the change of NPY expression was similar with the fluctuation of GnRH expression after EA and the increase of body weights of rats was not influenced by the depression of NPY expression after EA during early puberty. Conclusion:The results demonstrated that repeated low frequency EA was an effective method on down－regulating NPY expression in the hypothalamus and we inferred that NPY was not the key role on regulating GnRH release in hypothalamus of common rats at early puberty stage.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate effects of berberine hydrochloride on breast cancer cells (MDA－MB－231) and related mechanism. Methods:Human breast cancer MDA－MB－231 cells were treated with different concentrations of berberine hydrochloride (0,10,25,50,75,100 μmol/L),then the proliferation rate of MDA－MB－231 cells was examined by MTT assay after 48 h and 72 h;the apoptosis rate of MDA－MB－231 cells was detected by staning with Annenxin V/PI EGFP and flow cytometry;the level of reactive oxygen species in MDA－MB－231 cells was detected by DCFH－DA staining;the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by molecular probe JC－1;activity of Caspase3 was detected by Caspase3 Kit. Results:Berberine hydrochloride inhibited the proliferation of MDA－MB－231 cells in a concentration－dependent manner. It also significantly elevated the reactive oxygen species level,reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of Caspase3 in the MDA－MB－231 cells. Conclusion:Berberine can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of MDA－MB－231 cells through mitochondrial－dependent pathway.

Abstract:Objective:To develop an economical,convenient and effective approach to establish chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) rat model using lipopolysaccharide(LPS) infusion of the airway,cigarette exposure alone,and cigarette exposure joined with LPS infusion of the airway,respectively. Methods: The male Sprague－Dawley(SD) rats were randomly assigned into the healthy control,smoke exposure,LPS,and smoke plus LPS groups with 10 rats in each group. Ninety days later, we used hemotoxylin－eosin (HE) staining to investigate the pathological changes in the lung and bronchus,and ELISA to measure the changes in the level of interleukin－8(IL－8),tumor necrosis factor－α(TNF－α),and phospholipase A2(PLA2) in the serum and lung tissue homogenates. Results:In the smoke－LPS group,HE staining revealed that the pathological changes of the lung and bronchus were similar to those observed in human COPD. There was a remarkable increase of IL－8,TNF－α,and PLA2 in serum and pulmonary tissues as compared to the other three groups,with a statistically significant difference(P < 0.05). Conclusion:COPD rat model established by the airway infused with LPS and fumed by cigarettes is proved to be successful and better than the two other approaches.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the effects of polymorphisms of Toll－like receptor 4 (TLR4) on asthma severity and asthma－related phenotypes in a Chinese Han population. Methods:Four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR4 gene were detected using GenomeLab SNPstream or TaqMans Genotyping in 318 adult asthmatic patients. Peripheral CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells and expression of TLR4 were detected by flow cytometry. Linear regression and Ordinal logistic regression,adjusted for age,gender,smoking status,inhaled corticosteroid treatment and SPT,were applied appropriately. A 2－sided P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results:The distribution of each genetic variant met the conditions of the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). We found no evidences supporting a significant association between TLR4 SNPs and eosinophil counts,serum hsCRP,total serum IgE levels in asthmatic patients. However,our results revealed that the TT homozygote of rs1927914 was associated with lower FEV1% in asthmatic patients. An evidently positive association was found between the TT genotype of rs1927914,or the GG genotype of rs10983755 and rs1927907,and asthma severity(P = 0.024,0.009,0.013,respectively),which indicated that the C allele of rs1927914,and the A allele of rs10983755 and rs1927907 had a protective effect on asthma severity. Although no significant association between TLR4 SNPs and the CD4+CD25high regulatory T cell counts in peripheral blood from asthmatic patients was found,the expression of TLR4 on the surface of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells was related to TLR4 SNPs. Conclusion:TLR4 polymorphisms may influence the severity of asthma. It could be clinically useful for gene therapy of asthma.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the relationship between β－cell function and fasting plasma glucose. Methods:History taking,physical examination,laboratory tests,75－g oral glucose tolerance tes(OGTT) and insulin secretion test were performed on 1 068 sujects without confirmed diabetes from Gaoyou district and Nanjing University of Science and Technology community of Jiangsu Province. Venous blood samples were collected at 0,30 and 120 min of OGTT to measure plasma glucose and serum insulin. MatsudaISI and HOMAIR were used to determine insulin sensitivity. The area under curve (AUC) of insulin during 0 to 30 min and 0 to 120 min(AUCINS30 and AUCINS120),together with the ratio of AUC of insulin to the AUC of glucose(i.e. insulin release indices,including INSR30 and INSR120) were calculated as surrogate indices of β－cell insulin secretion function. To evaluate the compensatory response of β－cell to insulin resistance,we used the products of insulin release indices multiplied by Matsuda ISI as disposition indices (DI30 and DI120). Results:When fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level was in the rang of 4.6~5.6 mmol/L,INSR30 and INSR120 decreased significantly. AUCINS30 and AUCINS120 decreased significantly when FPG≥7.0 mmol/L. Matsuda ISI always attenuated along with FPG increased,while HOMAIR was enhanced. Interestingly,DI30 and DI120 decreased steadily even at the normal glucose. After grouped by BMI,AUCINS30,AUCINS120,INSR30 and INSR120 of obese subjects were larger than non－obese,but the insulin sensitivity was less than non－obese. There was no difference between obese and non－obese subjects on DI30 and DI120. Conclusion:β－cell function was already impaired when the FPG was in high normal range,although the sum of insulin secretion is not reduced,the compensatory response of β－cell to insulin resistance has already decreased.

Abstract:Objective:To induce liver cirrhosis by combined low－dose oral and intraperitoneally injected thioacetamide method,and further investigate the inhibitory effects of docosahexaenoic acid on liver cirrhosis in rat. Methods:One hundred male SD rats were divided into five groups:control group,oral group,intraperitoneally injected group,combined group and treatment group with DHA. Formation rate of liver cirrhosis was observed. Cirrosis nodule and pathological observation of pseudolobule formation was performed. We detected liver function indexes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT),endotoxin determination,liver homogenates superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA). Results:The toxicity of the combined group is slightly lighter. The mortality in the oral group was 10% (2/20) and cirrhosis rate was 85% (17/20) with one carcinogenesis. Ten weeks after the intraperitoneally injection,the mortality in the oral group was 25% (5/20) and cirrhosis rate was 75% (15/20). In contrast,the mortality in the combined group was 5% (1/20) and cirrhosis rate was 90% (18/20). ALT level and endotoxin of three groups with TAA treatment were significantly higher than those of the normal control group,while there was no significant difference among the three groups with TAA treatment. Furthermore,ALT level and endotoxin of rats treated with DHA were lower than those of three groups with TAA treatment. MDA level of the DHA treatment group was significantly lower than that of the three TAA induced cirrhosis groups, while SOD were significantly higher. Conclusion:Combined low－dose oral and intraperitoneally injection of TAA method successfully induced cirrhosis. DHA inhibited liver cirrhosis induced by combined low－dose oral and intraperitoneally injected thioacetamide method in rat.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the correlation between erythrocyte parameters and gestational diabetes mellitus in early non anemic pregnant women,and to provide the reference for early clinical prediction. Methods:The prospective study was conducted in 1 342 cases of pregnant women from July 1,2012 to December 31,2012. All subjects were randamly divided into A,B,C,D group. All pregnant women received blood routine examination. The relationship between pregnancy and Hb,RBC,GDM HCT,and the independent risk factors of pregnancy GDM were analyzed. Results:Before 14 weeks of gestation GDM of group D was significantly higher than the other three groups (P < 0.05);while in RBC,the incidence rate of GDM in group C and D was higher than that in group A and B(P < 0.05);The incidence of HCT in GDM of group B,C and D was significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.05),but there are no significant difference among group B,C and D(P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational 14 weeks Hb,RBC and HCT levels are independent risk factors of GDM occurrence. Conclusion:Different red blood cell parameters in pregnant women before 14 weeks was closely related to the rate of GDM,GDM incidence, and increase with the increase of Hb,RBC,HCT significantly;and Hb,RBC,HCT are independent risk factors for GDM,so red blood cell parameters could be the main indexes to predict pregnancy GDM.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate metabolic changes of amino acid and lipids in tissues and plasma of gastric cancer(GC),and to reveal the metabolic link between tissues and plasma of gastric cancer. Methods:The levels of amino acid and lipids were measured in 20 chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) tissue samples,17 GC tissue samples,15 CSG plasma samples,15 GC plasma samples and 15 postoperative GC plasma samples by means of gas chromatography－time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS)－based technique,and t－test was employed to analyze data. Results:The levels of amino acids in GC tissue were generally elevated or equal to CSG tissue,especially cysteine(P = 0.007),and 2－aminoadipic acid (P = 0.045)and glutamine(P = 0.047),and the levels of amino acid in GC plasma were generally lower than that in CSG plasma,especially cysteine(P = 0.029),serine(P = 0.013)and glycine(P = 0.043). Compared to CSG tissue,the levels of 3－hydroxybutyric acid (P = 0.003),hexadecenoic acid(P = 0.030) and heptanoic acid(P = 0.047) were up－regulated,while cholesterol (P = 0.003)was down－regulated in GC tissue. The levels of amino acid and lipids metabolites in postoperative GC plasma were restored towards CSG plasma. Conclusion:The study demonstrates that the abnormal metabolism of amino acid and lipids in GC tissue affects the metabolism of amino acid and lipids in plasma,and suggestes GC/TOF－based techniques is a suitable tool for gastric cancer metabolism investigations.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of the combination of conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast－enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in breast lesions of BI－RADS 3-5 grade. Methods:Ninety－nine breast lesions were evaluated by using conventional US and CEUS. The pattern of contrast enhancement and the indexes of time－intensity curve were used to describe the lesions,which was also compared with pathological results. All lesions were classified by BI－RADS method and the malignant lesions ranked higher than BI－RADS 4B. Results:Sensitivity,specificity of US in the diagnosis of malignant breast lesions were: 100%,55.17%,respectively. While the combination of US and CEUS showed a sensitivity of 97.56 %,a specificity of 91.23%. Most malignant lesions displayed growing sizes,more vascularity and bending vascular shape after contrast. The difference value of Peak,TTP, and AUC showed a significant difference between benign lesion and normal tissue. Conclusion:Compared with conventional US,CEUS combined with conventional US may be more helpful for the BI－RADS classification of breast lesions.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the clinical value of human papiiloma virus E6/E7 mRNA by branch－DNA technology.Methods:In the exfoliated cervical cells form 167 women of cervical cancer screening by liquid based thinprep cytology test(TCT),branch－DNA(bDNA) technology was performed to examine the HPV－E6/E7 mRNA. The HPV－E6/E7 DNA was also examined in 43 cases at the same time. Results:①The copies of HPV－E6/E7 mRNA are positively related with HPV－E6/E7 DNA(r = 0.465,P = 0.002);②The HPV－E6/E7 mRNA positive rate was 43.1% in all groups. The HPV－E6/E7 mRNA positive rate and copies were increased along with the increase of the grade of cervical lesions(χ2 = 41.396,P < 0.001; H = 39.350,P < 0.001);③The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,negative predictive value of HPV－E6/E7 mRNA for LSIL+ were 67.1% (95%CI,56.1% to 78.1%),74.2%(95%CI,65.5% to 82.9%),71.3%(95%CI,64.4% to 78.1%),65.3%(95%CI,54.3% to 76.3%) and 75.8% (95%CI,67.2% to 84.4%),respectively. Conclusion:The HPV－E6/E7 mRNA was related with the type of cervix cytology,and had high efficiency diagnose for LSIL+. The HPV－E6/E7 mRNA can be applied for risk assessment of cervical cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the characteristics of the HBV rtA181 mutation,and to provide the theoretical basis for anti－viral treatment. Methods:Eighty－five patients’ serum samples of rtA181 mutation were collected,and the liver function,surface antigen,e antigen and HBV DNA at the occurrence of resistance were amalyzed. PCR products were sequenced to determine the resistance mutations and genotypes. Results:Eight different resistance patterns were observed in rtA181 mutations, which were mainly in adefovir(ADV) monotherapy and ADV plus or change LAM groups. There were 13(15.7%) patients with HBV genotype B and 72(84.3%) with genotype C. The genotypes showed no significant difference in rtA181 mutation patterns (P = 0.175). After occurrence rtA181 mutation,ALT,HBV DNA and HBsAg were still significant improved (P value were < 0.001,0.013 and < 0.001,respectively),and the HBsAg level was different between rtA181T and rtA181V group [(3.40 ± 0.35)lgCOI vs(3.62 ± 0.54)lgCOI,P = 0.030]. Conclusion:The rtA181 mutation was relevant to adefovir medication,and has no significant difference in HBV genotype B and C. Some patients still received biochemical and virological response after rtA181 mutation. HBsAg level of rtA181T mutation group was lower than that of rtA181V group.

Abstract:Objective:To identify and determine the impurities in amlodipine beslyate tablets. Methods:The main impurities in amlodipine beslyate tablets were identified with LC－MS,NMR and chromatographic methods. Then the main impurities were determined with C18 column as stationary phase and buffer (pH 3.0)－methanol－acetontrile 50∶35∶15 as mobile phase. Results:The main impurity in amlodipine beslyate tablets was proved to be the dehydration product of amlodipine (Impurity A,IM A). IM A could be completely separated with the established method. It was a linear correlation between the area and the concentration in the range of 0.5~10.0 μg/ml. The Limit of Quantification of the method was 10 ng/ml,recovery was 98.2%(n = 9) and the RSD of the method was 0.2%(n = 6). Conclusion:The main impurity in amlodipine beslyate tablets was IM A. The established method is accurate,simple and is suitable for determination of IM A in amlodipine beslyate tablets.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the association of tumor necrosis factor receptor associted factor 1－complement 5(TRAF1－C5) rs3761847 polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility in East Asian. Methods:We searched all the publications about the association between TRAF1－C5 polymorphism and RA in East Asian population from PubMed,EMBase,SinoMed,CNKI and Wanfang. Meta－analysis was performed for A allele versus G allele,genotypes AA versus GG,GA versus GG,AA versus GG + GA and GA + AA versus GG using the Stata 10.0 software. OR with the association was obtained from the meta－analysis. Then heterogeneity and stratified analysis were conducted in the study. Results:A total of five eligible studies with 7 438 cases and 5 593 controls were included in this meta－analysis. No significant association was found between TRAF1－C5 polymorphism and RA in East Asian population. However,there is heterogeneity (I2 > 50%),then stratified analysis is used. When analyses were limited to country homogeneous population,significant association was found in Chinese and Japanese population,but not found in South Korea population. Conclusion:This meta－analysis demonstrates significant association between TRAF1－C5 polymorphism and RA in Chinese and Japanese population. More multi－center,large sample,homogeneity case－control studies are still needed to explore the association of TRAF1－C5 polymorphism with RA susceptibility in East Asian.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the related risk factors of diabetes mellitus(DM) in rural communities of Changzhou and provide a scientific basis for intervention. Methods:Totally 20 803 permanent residents in Wujin district of Changzhou, which were selected by multi－stage cluster sampling method, participated in baseline survey between July 2004 and September 2005. The follow－up was completed in 18 838 people between March 2008 and October 2009. A 1∶4 matched nested case－control study was performed in 101 cases with diabetes mellitus. The related risk factors were screened out with single and multi－factor logistic regression. Results:The multi－factor logistic regression showed that hypertension history,overweight(BMI 24.00~27.99),obesity(BMI≥28) increased the risk of diabetes mellitus and high－density lipoprotein reduced the risk. Conclusion:Diabetes is related to hypertension history,overweight(BMI 24.00~27.99),obesity(BMI≥28) and low high－density lipoprotein level in rural communities of Changzhou. Integrated intervention on high risk group is an important way to reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus of this group.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the reproductive health status and demands among undergraduate students in Nanjing and to improve the level of reproductive health. Methods:Two hundreds and forty－five undergraduates were surveyed anonymously by random sampling from a university of Nanjing. The contents of questionnaires covered the basic cognition of reproductive health,the demands of reproductive health,sexual attitudes,sexual behavior,sexual hygiene and the contact situation of erotic items. Results:Two hundreds and forty－five valid questionnaires (98.00%) were retrieved from all 250 students. The ratio of boys to girls was approximately 1.3∶l.0. Undergraduate students grasped little knowledge about reproductive health. Most students were in favor of knowing more knowledge of reproductive health from schools but not from families, and often ignored the importance of family sex education. Sexual concepts of these students were exposed,and 40.00% undergraduates accepted the premarital sexual behavior. 24.68% subjects had sexual experience,in which only 43.10% used contraception in the first half year. More than 80% students confessed to contact erotic items before. Conclusion:The undergraduates’ reproductive health knowledge is inadequate, and much more education on reproductive health should be reinforced in college. At the same time,we should also pay more attention to family sex education.