Abstract:Objective:To observe oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) induced long-term depression (LTD) during synaptic transmission at mossy fiber to CA3 (MF-CA3) synapses and to study the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Sprague Dawley (SD) newborn rats of 2-3 weeks after birth were selected for hippocampal slices. We performed whole-cell patch-clamp recording on CA3 pyramidal neurons and monitored evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) at MF-CA3 synapses upon mossy fiber stimulation. After 15-min of OGD, we observed the changes of synaptic transmission. We also co-applied blockers of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs, which blocked by kynurenic acid), metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs, which blocked by LY341495) or calcium chelator during OGD treatment to examine whether OGD-induced alteration in synaptic transmission requires activation of these receptors or increase of calcium. Results:①15-min OGD induced LTD of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission at MF-CA3 synapses. ②OGD-induced LTD of AMPAR-mediated responses was dependent on activation of mGluRs but not of AMPARs. ③Removal of Ca2+ from ACSF during OGD or inclusion of Ca2+ chelator BAPTA to the patch pipette solution abolished LTD. Conclusion: OGD induces LTD of AMPAR-mediated synaptic responses at MF-CA3 synapses. This synaptic plasticity requires activation of mGluRs and intracellular Ca2+ increase without AMPARs.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) on injury of dopaminergic cells and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: CATH.a cells, a dopaminergic neuronal cell line stably expressing Ang Ⅱtype 1 receptor (AT1R) and Ang Ⅱ type 2 receptor (AT2R), were exposed to rotenone alone or in combination with Ang Ⅱ for 24 h. The cell survival rate was measured by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The protein levels of AT1R and AT2R were detected by Western blot. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were monitored using flow cytometry. The levels of gp91phox and p67phox, the two main subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, were examined by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence stainning. Results: The results showed that rotenone caused a significantly reduction on the survival rate of CATH.a cells (P < 0.05), which could be further exacerbated by Ang Ⅱ via an AT1R-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, we revealed that Ang Ⅱ exacerbated the rotenone-induced increase in intracellular levels of ROS (P < 0.05) as well as the expression of gp91phox and p67phox (P < 0.05). This exacerbation was abolished by NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (P < 0.01) or AT1R blocker losartan (P < 0.01). Conclusion:These findings indicate that Ang Ⅱ interacts with AT1R and subsequently exacerbates the rotenone-induced injury of dopaminergic cells via elevation of ROS levels through a NADPH oxidase-dependent manner. These findings have deepened our understanding on the role of Ang Ⅱ in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, and support the use of AT1R blockers in the treatment of this devastating disease.

Abstract:Objective:Rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) was cloned using Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression vector system and expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) cells. Furthermore, the purified r-RVG protein was used to evaluated the immunological characteristics. Methods: Referring to the sequence of G protein gene of rabies virus CVS-11 strain from GenBank, we designed a pair of specific primers for PCR amplification, cDNA worked as the PCR template. The sequence of G protein gene was amplified by specific primers designed according to the CVS-11 strain from GenBank. The PCR-amplified RVG gene was cloned into the pFastBac-GP67B plasmids with digestion by restriction enzyme BamH I and Kpn I. Positive clone was transformed into E.coli DH10Bac competent cells and then the recombinant rBacmid-RVG was identified by blue /white selection and PCR analysis. The recombinant baculovirus was generated by transfecting Sf-9 cells and the recombiant RVG from eukaryotic expression was purified with His-Trap, characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot analysis. The immunogenicity and serum neutralizing activity of recombiant RVG were assessed using mice model. Results: Recombiant RVG protein was efficiently expressed in eukaryotic expression and purified, with molecular weight of 58 000. The mice serum showed neutralizing activity after immunization by recombiant RVG. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that recombiant RVG retained the biological activity as the native conformation, thereby paving the way for producing efficacious subunit vaccine and screen neutralizing antibodies in future research.

Abstract:To construct a full human anti-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)IgG expression vector,and to express and purify it in 293 free style cells,as well as analyze the biological activity of anti-TLR4 antibody. Methods:We designed a primer for amplify mAb variable region. VH and VL gene were cloned into pFUSE-CHIg-hG1 and pFUSE-CLIg-hl expression vectors,respectively,and both transfected into 293 freestyle cells. The IgG was purified by protein A column and the immune specificity of the mAb was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),Western blotting assay,Co-IP,mass spectrometry(MS)and Biacore. Then,the interaction of this antibody with TNF-a expression in THP1 cell was detected. Results:The results demonstrated that the full human anti-TLR4 IgG was successfully produced. This mAb effectively recognized TLR4 protein and inhibited the expression of THF-a in THP1 cells with the inhibition rate of 85.7%. Conclusion:The reconstructive full human anti-TLR4 IgG could recognize TLR4 protein and has obvious neutralizing effect,and may be potentially utilized for inflammation therapy.

Abstract:Objective: To screen aptamers to carcinoembryonic antigen (Anti-CEA), which will lay the experimental foundation for obtaining aptamers to serum tumor markers of lung cancer. Methods: We used carboxyl magnetic microspheres (CMM) as carrier, anti-CEA for the screening target, and subtractive SELEX as well as real-time quantitative PCR techniques to screen aptamers to anti-CEA from random single-stranded oligonucleotide libraries. We identified the anti-CEA-aptamers via electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). And then, the 10th round of screening was amplified for double-stranded DNA, purified by gel after cutting, connected with PMDTM18-T vector and transformed in the competent cell of Ecoli.DH5α. Meanwhile, we identified positive clones through interlaced PCR technique. Finally, we obtained sequences of aptamers. Results: The results showed that four aptamers connected with Anti-CEA were obtained with different sequences after 10 rounds of screening. Conclusion: The specificity test of screened binding apatamers demonstrated that with No.2 aptamer has a high specificity to Anti-CEA, and it could not be bound with non-specific proteins. These aptamers could be used to recognize the Anti-CEA, ultimately, to offer a new breakthrough for the early diagnosis and early treatment of lung cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on expression levels of microRNA-29 (miR-29) family and anti-apoptotic proteins in rat islet β cells. Methods: INS-1 cells, which belong to rat islet cells, were incubated in the presence or absence of a pro-inflammatory cytokine mixture (IL-1β10 ng/ml, TNF-α 50 ng/ml and IFN-γ50 ng/ml) for 24 h (the pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulated group and the control group). The function of INS-1 cells was evaluated by the glucose stimulating insulin releasing test. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of miR-29 family and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) mRNA, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) mRNA in INS-1 cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the protein expression levels of Mcl-1, Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot. Results:①The miR-29a and miR-29b expression levels were significantly increased in INS-1 cells stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokine mixture,and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The expression level of miR-29c of the pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulated group was increased compared with the control group, but there was no statistical significance (P > 0.05). ②The mRNA expression levels of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 in the pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulated group were decreased with no statistical significance (P > 0.05).③ In the pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulated group, the protein expression levels of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 were downregulated, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). ④Pro-inflammatory cytokine mixture stimulated INS-1 cells led to a significant increase in cell death, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Pro-inflammatory cytokines may downregulate the expressions of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 through overexpressing miR-29 family, and then impact on apoptosis in pancreatic β cells, thereby trigger type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the changes of serum molecule metabolites between rats with diabetic gastroparesis and healthy rats. Methods: Partial least squares linear discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares linear discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to identify the differences of two groups on the basis of high performance liquid chromatography. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the amino acids between serum of the two groups, and compared with the normal control group, the contents of threonine, lactamine, aminoacetic acid, creatine and phenylalanine in the diabetic gastroparesis group were significantly decreased, however, the content of .trioxypurine was significantly increased. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the different amino acids,which included glycocine/creatine/phenylalanine and so on,may be related to the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis. Therefore, it has important forecasting significance to make use of gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis to study the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the association of three kinds of Tregs labeled by CD4+CD25High, CD4+CD25+CD127Low/-, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and study the effect of different fluorescence labeling methods on Tregs identification. Methods: Sixty samples of the peripheral blood from 60 healthy people were randomly divided into 2 groups (group I and group Ⅱ). Group I was labeled by CD25-APC/CD127-PE/CD4-FITC, group Ⅱ was labeled by CD25-PE/CD127-Alexa Fluor■647/CD4-PerCP-Cy5.5. Another 10 samples from group I were labeled by CD25-FITC/FoxP3-PE/CD4-PerCP-Cy5.5/CD127-Alexa Fluor■647. All labeled samples were detected using flow cytometry, and the data were analyzed using CellQuest software to count the numbers of Tregs labeled with different methods, and then the relationships between them were analyzed. Results: CD25+CD127Low/- Tregs cells in group Ⅱ (7.89 ± 1.37)% was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (6.37 ± 1.83)%(P = 0.001). The correlation coefficient (r) of CD4+CD25High and CD4+CD25+CD127Low/- in the two group were 0.944 and 0.916, respectively;(94.08 ± 1.93)% of CD25+FoxP3+ cells were also labeled with low CD127 expression, there was a high correlation (r=0.846) and no significant difference (P=0.774)between them. Conclusion: CD25+CD127Low/- can specifically label Tregs, and is suitable for clinical application. Between the labellings with FoxP3 and CD25-APC/CD127-PE/CD4-FITC fluorescein combination, there is a high correlation to identify Tregs in the peripheral blood.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the expression of interleukin (IL)-25 in asthmatic mice and to investigate the potential influence of IL-25 on release of IL-6 in mast cells. Methods: BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into the control group and the asthma group, and treated with equal amount of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) or ovalbumin (OVA), respectively. Mouse asthma model was validated by detecting the total number of cells and eosinophil cells (EOS) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The expressions of IL-25 mRNA in lung tissues and IL-25 in BALF and serum were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the two groups. Mouse P815 cells were divided into the control group and the IL-25 group, and treated with equal amount of culture medium or IL-25, respectively. The levels of released IL-6 in supernatants were detect by ELISA. Results: In BALF, the total number of cells and EOS in the asthma group were significantly increased than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The mice were irritable and their breathing rate were accelerated, and the model was validated. The expressions of IL-25 mRNA in lung tissues and IL-25 in BALF and serum were significantly higher in the asthma group than those in the control group (P < 0.01). In P815 cell supernatants, the secretion of IL-6 in the IL-25 group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The expression of IL-25 was increased in OVA-induced mouse asthma model. IL-25 may promote the process of asthma by stimulating IL-6 release from mast cells.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the effect of insulin on PI3K and Erk signaling pathway and its regulation of proliferation and migration in K562 cells. Methods: K562 cells were treated with insulin with different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 nmol/L) for 48 h, and 200 nmol/L insulin for 0, 12, 24 and 48 h. Then, the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Erk were detected by Western blot, and the proliferation ability of K562 cells was detected by MTT. Effect of insulin on migration ability of K562 cells was detected by wound healing assay. K562 cells were pretreated with PI3K and Erk signaling pathway inhibitors LY294002 and U0126 to observe the effect of PI3K and Erk signaling pathway on insulin induced proliferation and migration in K562 cells. Results: Compared with the 0 nmol/L insulin treated group, 25, 50, 100 and 200 nmol/L insulin treated groups had significantly increased phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Erk and promoted proliferation in K562 cells (P < 0.01). Compared with the 0 h insulin treated group, 200 nmol/L insulin treated for 12, 24 and 48 h groups also had significantly increased phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Erk and promoted proliferation in K562 cells (P < 0.01). After treated with 200 nmol/L insulin by 48 h, the migration ability of K562 cells were significantly increased (P < 0.01). After blocked PI3K and Erk signaling pathway by LY294002 and U0126, the ability of insulin in induced proliferation and migration in K562 cells were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Through actives PI3K and Erk signaling pathway, insulin can promote proliferation and migration of K562 cells.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the genetic characterization of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of influenza A/H1N1 (09pdm) viruses in Jiangsu province, 2013. Methods: Specimens from influenza-like cases in Sentinel hospitals from Jiangsu province were isolated by cell cultivation and performed by subtype identification. Fourteen representative positive strains of A/H1N1 (09pdm) viruses were selected within different regions in 2013. HA and NA genes of 14 isolates were sequenced and the genetic characterization was analyzed. Results: Compared with vaccine strain A/California/07/2009(H1N1), the HA and NA genes of 14 isolates shared the highest nucleic acid sequence similarity (97.6%~98.4% and 98.4%~98.9%, respectively), and amino acid sequence similarity (96.5%~98.0%, 97.0%~98.5%, respectively). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the HA and NA genes of all 14 strains were divided into two clusters. The amino acid substitutions of the HA proteins (D114N,K300E and E516K) and NA proteins (N44S) of 14 isolates were observed. The evolution dynamics revealed that the genetic diversity of influenza A/H1N1(09pdm) viruses increased. The positive pressure sites were observed in HA proteins site 179, 180, 239, 301, 303, 310, 311, 312, 313 (including site 310) and NA proteins 4, 23, 52, 287, 374 (including site 4) by FEL and REL model. Of 14 isolates, the HA protein contained 9 potential glycosylation sites(7 in HA1 and 2 in HA2), whereas NA protein contained 9 potential glycosylation sites. Conclusion: In 2013, the influenza A/H1N1 (09pdm) viruses had undergone molecular evolution to generate genetic diversity and this emphasize the importance of reinforcing virus surveillance.

Abstract:Objective:This study aimed to detect the expression of resistin-like molecule beta (RELMβ)in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: We detected the expression levels of RELM β in 103 NSCLC tissues and the same patients’ adjacent noncancerous tissues (including 65 with paired lymph node metastases) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, and then analyzed their correlation with clinical pathological parameters. Results: RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expression level of RELMβ in NSCLC tissues was significantly higher than that in noncancerous tissues. Compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues, the mRNA and protein expression levels of RELM β were significantly increased in lung cancer (23.33%,P < 0.05). The high expression of RELM β was closely associated with the degree of differentiation, TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The positive expression of RELM β is associated with clinical pathological parameters of NSCLC. RELM β may promote tumor progression.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nilotinib and imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP). Methods: A total of 65 CML-CP patients received nilotinib 600~800 mg orally twice daily or imatinib 400 mg orally once daily. Data on curative efficacy and tolerance were collected and compared. Results:Of 65 CML-CP patients, 26 patients received nilotinib and 39 received imatinib. The both median duration of therapy and follow-up were 19.5 (5~39) months. ①The rates of major molecular response (MMR) at 3,6,12 months were higher in nilotinib group than those in imatinib group(23.1% vs. 7.6%, 45.5% vs. 22.2%, 66.7% vs. 54.8%, respectively). There was significantly statistic significance between two groups at 6 months. MMR rates by 12 months in low, intermediate and high sokal risk groups on nilotinib and imatinib were 81.3% vs. 42.8%,42.8% vs. 57.1%,66.7% vs. 50%, respectively. The rates of Bcr-Abl ≤ 10% at 3 months, <1% at 6 months and <0.1% at 12 months were higer in the nilotinib group than those in the imatinib group (80.8% vs. 41%, P=0.002, 77.3% vs. 48.5%,P=0.033 and 66.7% vs. 54.8%, P=0.394). The median time to MMR was significantly shorter for nilotinib than that for imatinib (14 months vs 34 months). The rate of complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) at 3, 6 and 12 months in the nilotinib and the imatinib group were 76.9% vs. 52.9%, 89.5% vs. 70% and 78.5% vs. 77.3%, respectively. The median time to CCyR was 3 months in imatinib group and 6 months in nilotinib group. ② The drug related adverse events were mostly grade 1/2 and were well tolerated by most of the patients. Conclusion:Nilotinib can reach molecular response in a shorter time than imatinib and also has a confirmed efficacy and tolerability in newly diagnosed CML-CP patients and can be used as first-line therapy.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of colon cancer patients with liver and lung metastases by body gamma knife. Methods: During January 2009 to January 2011, 58 cases of colon cancer patients with liver and lung metastases in our hospital were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group. A total of 28 patients with 113 metastases in the control group were treated with systemic chemotherapy alone, and 30 patients with 116 metastases in the observation group were treated with body gamma knife treatment. After treatment, recent therapeutical effect, one year, two year and three-year local control rates and survival rates, serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and adverse changes of the two groups were compared. Results: The overall response rate (84.5%) of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (49.6%) (P < 0.05). The serum CEA concentrations (3.8 ± 1.3 ng/ml) after treatment of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (7.3 ± 3.2 ng/ml)(P < 0.05). The local control rates of one year (96.7%), two years (90.0%), three years (86.7%) of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (85.7%, 64.3% and 35.7%) (all P < 0.05). The survival rates of one year (73.3%), two years (36.7%), three years (20.0%) of the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (64.3% , 28.6% and 7.1%) (all P < 0.05). The gastrointestinal reactions, hematologic toxicity, and liver and kidney toxicity incidence (20.0%, 13.3% and 6.7%) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (64.3%, 50.0 % and 35.7%) (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: The clinical efficacy of colon cancer patients with liver and lung metastases by body gamma knife was significantly effective, safe, and worthy of clinical application.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate whether serum levels of HP are associated with disease activity and the response of DMARDs therapy in the baseline rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods: We selected 67 active RA patients who received no DMARDs in the baseline phase and 27 healthy volunteers. Clinical variables, levels of haptoglobin (HP) messenger RNA (mRNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HP serum levels were measured at week 0 and week 12, and then, we analyzed the relationships between them. Results: The serum level of HP of RA patients was significantly higher than that of the healthy controls (P < 0.0001), and positively correlated with the disease activity. After 12 weeks of DMARDs treatment, 55.22% of RA patients were categorized as responders according to European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria (Disease Activity Score of 28 joints [DAS28] decrease≥1.2) and 29.85% were defined as non-responders. The baseline HP in serum level from non-responders was significantly higher than those in responders (P < 0.01) and remained at high level in non-responders after 12 weeks DMARDs treatment. Conclusion: The mRNA in PBMCs and HP serum levels were significantly increased in RA patients and positively associated with RA disease activity. The HP serum levels of baseline of RA patients are correlated with the 12 weeks DMARDs therapy.

Abstract:Objective:To compare the clinical results of the distal clavicular anatomical plates using suture anchor and clavicular hook plates for the treatment of distal clavicular fractures. Methods: From March 2011 to March 2013,83 patients with clavicular unstable fractures,who were treated and followed up,were analyzed by retrospective analysis. Forty-five patients were treated with the distal clavicular anatomical locking plates with using the suture anchor (Group A),while the rest 38 patients were treated by clavicular hook plates (Group B). The general conditions,fracture healing times,physical functions of shoulder joint especially in upthrow,backward extension,extorsion and intorsion,as well as Constant—Murley scores were followed up periodically and compared between the two groups. Results: No significant differences were found in the fracture healing,incision length and blood loss (P > 0.05). Patients in Group A presented better physical functions of shoulder joint especially in upthrow,backward extension,extorsion and intorsion,as well as a higher Constant—Murley score,compared with Group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For the treatment of distal clavicular unstable fractures,the distal clavicular anatomical locking plates using the suture anchor achieves good clinical results,especially in the shoulder joint function recovery.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) in the plasma of children with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). Methods:Seventy-four children with hand-foot-mouth disease and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The infectious cases were divided into severe group and common group,respectively, according to whether patients were accompanied with nervous system symptoms. The flow cytometry technology was performed to detect IP-10 expression in plasma. Meanwhile,the lymphocyte subsets ratio,immunoglobulin and routine blood tests were also detected. The indicators were compared among the healthy controls,the general infection group and the severe group. The correlation among IP-10,rash days and lymphocyte subsets ratios were analyzed. Results:The number of white blood cell increased in the common HFMD group and the severe group,but had no statistical difference compared to the healthy controls. The expression of IP-10 significantly increased in the disease groups (both P < 0.001); however,the expression of IP-10 in the severe group was slightly lower than that of the common group of infection (P > 0.05). T lymphocyte cell ratio decreased significantly in both two disease groups (P < 0.001),in which the CD4+ T lymphocyte cells and CD8+ T lymphocyte cells also obviously reduced (both P < 0.05). On the contrary,B lymphocyte cell proportion increased remarkably (P < 0.001). The IgA increased while IgG reduced in the infectious groups compared with the healthy controls without statistical difference (P > 0.05). The skin rash days was negatively correlated with IP-10 expression,notably in the general infection group (P < 0.05),but was no statistical difference compared to the severe group. The proportion of CD4+ T lymphocyte cells was significantly positively related to IP-10 expression in the severe group (P < 0.01). Conclusion:The expression of IP-10 and B lymphocyte cell ratio significantly increased and T lymphocyte cell ratio significantly decreased in children with HFMD,which were negatively correlated with skin rash days.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the distribution and resistance of pathogens isolated from blood culture of patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in 2014. Methods: All blood samples were cultured by BACTEC FX. Automatic detection machine of VITEK-2 Compact was used for identification of bacteria and fungus, as well as the susceptibility of non-fastidious bacteria. Susceptibility of streptococcus was tested by K-B method while susceptibility of fungus was tested by ATB FUNGUS 3. Whonet 5.6 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The total of pathogen strains isolated from blood culture in 2014 was 691. The positive rates of three kinds of blood culture model, bilateral double bottles, bilateral single bottles and unilateral single bottle, were 12.3%, 11.4% and 9.4%, respectively. The top 5 bacteria were Escherichia coli (22.3%), coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS, 17.5%), Klebsiella pneumonia (11.0%), Streptococcus (7.2%) and enterococcus (7.1%). The separation rate of gram-negative bacteria (50.4%) was higher than that of gram-positive bacteria (41.0%). The pathogens of blood culture were mainly isolated from the department of hematology, intensive care unit, general surgery, and infection. The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to cephalosporins, monobactam, quinolones were 44.2%-79.9%, and the resistance rates to aminoglycosides, cephamycins, β-lactamase/β-lactamase inhibitors, and carbapenems were less than 25.0%. Enterococcus had a higher than 50.0% resistance rate to many kinds of antibiotics. We also found that the resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumanmii to all the clinical antibiotics were higher than 60.0%. Conclusion: Multiple sets of inspection of blood culture helped to improve the positive rate. The pathogenic bacteria were dominated by gram-negative bacteria which had a relatively higher resistance rate to clinical antibiotics.

Abstract:Objective:To study the value of response assessment of interim fluorie-18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods: A total of 32 DLBCL patients confirmed by pathology underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before and after chemotherapy. According to the revised response criteria for malignant lymphoma 2007, the patients were divided into two groups. Independent samples t-test and binary logistic analysis were performed. Results: The differences of SUV4max (mid chemotherapy, after 4 chemotherapy cycles) and Δ SUVmax (the difference between SUV0max and SUV4max) between the CR+PR group and the SD+PD group were significant (P=0.021, P=0.028). Comparing the SUV0max (SUVmax before chemotherapy) of the CR+PR group and the SD+PD group, respectively, there were no statistical significances (P=0.494). Binary logistic analysis showed that SUV4max had a significant impact on the clinical effect (OR=0.646). Conclusion: The interim 18F-FDG PET/CT may be useful for the evaluation of chemotherapy and the guidance of subsequent treatment in DLBCL.