Abstract:Telomeres consisting of tandem repetitive sequence,which cap the ends of chromosomes are crucial in maintaining chromosomal integreity and genome stability. Many methods can be used to quantitatively or relative quantitatively measure telomere length. Telomere length can reflect the degree of celluaraging and health status of the organism. The telomerase reverse transcriptase can lengthen telomere by synthesising telomere with its own template sequence. Telomere length and telomerase have been implicated with the development of cancer. Genetic and environmental factors can influence telomere length. Telomere length has the potential to be a biomarker to indicate the risk of cancer development and progression. To date,a series of studies have been conducted to evaluate the relationship between telomere length and cancer risk,and found a different role in different tumors. Therefore,we reviewed and summarized the progression in this field around the world.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the relationship of telomere length with the death risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in Chinese Han population. Methods:Relative telomere length (RTL) were measured using Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique in the peripheral blood DNA from 241 cases of HNSCC. Additionally,clinical information and follow-up data were collected for statistical analysis. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were performed to compare differences of survival time in groups with different RTL. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval were estimated by COX proportional hazards regression model. Results:We categorized HNSCC patients into 3 groups according to tertiles of their relative telomere length and found that the groups with longer relative telomere length had statistically increased mean survival time(40.46 vs. 41.76 vs. 46.18 months,P for trend =0.009). Compared to cases with relative telomere length <1.19,those patients with length >1.49 had significantly decreased death risk (HR:0.40,95% CI:0.20-0.80). However,after the multivariate adjustment,no association was found between RTL and death risk of HNSCC. Conclusion:Relative telomere length may be associated with prognosis of HNSCC patients,but studies with larger samples are needed to further validate such findings.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the promoter regions of Hedgehog signaling pathway genes and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 1 041 patients with HCC and 1 074 cancer-free controls. Using the Sequenom Mass Array platform,we detected nine candidate SNPs and then evaluated the associations between the selected SNPs and HCC risk. Results:After adjusted by age,sex,smoking,drinking status and HBV infection,the results showed that the genotype AG of STK36 gene rs34237608 polymorphism was significantly associated with a decreased risk of HCC (AG vs. AA:OR=0.67,95%CI= 0.47-0.95;P=0.025),while the GG genotype was not (P > 0.05). In the dominant model,rs34237608 polymorphism was significantly associated with HCC risk (AG/GG vs. AA:OR=0.67,95%CI=0.48-0.95;P=0.025). No significant associations between other SNPs and HCC risk were found. Conclusion: The STK36 gene rs34237608 A>G polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to HCC in Guangxi population.

Abstract:Objective:As a highly lethal disease,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) shows a relatively high prevalence in China. Since patients with early-stage tumors usually showed no symptoms or signs and there were no general screening methods,ESCC was often diagnosed at late stages,which leading to poor prognosis. Therefore,we performed a metabolomics profiling approach to discover noninvasive and reliable serum biomarkers of ESCC for rapid-screening diagnosis among Chinese Han population. Methods:The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra of 29 ESCC patients and 31 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were firstly analyzed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA),neural networks analyses and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The serum metabolomic fingerprint discovered was then validated in additional 20 ESCC cases and 21 controls from another medical center. Results:The metabolomic PLS-DA score plot showed good separation between ESCC and healthy groups. The following neural networks analyses and HCA identified an ESCC-related metabolomites combination including two markers (serum praline and glutamine/glutamate). Conclusion:Our results highlight the NMR-based metabolomics approach in distinguishing individuals with or without ESCC and support the potential application as early diagnosis of ESCC.

Abstract:Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the DNA methylation sites associated with the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma in the whole genome-level with the data-mining for TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas)public database. Methods:The clinical data of lung adenocarcinoma patients was downloaded from TCGA database in April,2016,as well as genome-wide DNA methylation data with Illumina’s Infinum Human Methylation 450 Bead Chips (HM450). After data linked,232 cases of lung adenocarcinoma with the information of both clinic and methylation were finally included in this study. A Cox’s proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between DNA methylation levels or mRNA expression and the overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients,further evaluate the correlation between DNA methylation and mRNA expression,as well as the relationship between mRNA expression and lung adenocarcinoma survival. Results:The mean age and survival time of 232 people with lung adenocarcinoma was (64.823 ± 9.300)years and (20.217 ± 17.067)months. cg03955927 located in EHBP1 was found to be the strongest methylation site in this study which was associated with the survival of lung adenocarcinoma,adjusted HRs(hazard ratio)were 0.605 (0.501-0.731),P=1.98×10-7. Among the strongest 20 methylation sites,the high methylation level of 17 sites were considered as protective factors for the survival of lung adenocarcinoma and that of other 3 sites were risk factors. The methylation levels of 5 methylation sites affect the targeted gene’s mRNA expression. In addtion,the mRNA expression of KRI1 was associated with the survival of lung adenocarcinoma,adjusted HRs were 1.316(1.109-1.561)with a P value of 0.001 6. Conclusion:With TCGA data mining,we found that methylation site in KRI1 gene region is highly related to lung adenocarcinoma prognosis,as further study biomarker related to prognosis of lung cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the inhibition effect of down-regulation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting AURKA gene on the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of osteosarcoma cells. Methods:AURKA siRNA was synthesized and transfected into osteosarcoma U2-OS cells via Lipofectamine 2000. Then, the AURKA mRNA and protein expression were examined by real-time fluorescence quantificative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assay, respectively. CCK8 assay and BrdU cell proliferation assay were performed to evaluate cell viability and proliferation, respectively. Cell cycle distribution was observed by flow cytometry. The expressions of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 were determined by Western blot assay. Results:Both mRNA and protein levels of AURKA in U2-OS cells transfected with AURKA siRNA were significantly decreased compared with those of the other two groups (both P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the expressions of AURKA between the two control group. CCK8 assay showed that down-regulated AURKA inhibited cell viability and the inhibition rate reached to the highest level at approximately (36.63 ± 2.38)% after 72 h (P < 0.05). The proportion of S phase cells in the cell cycle was decreased and G2/M phase cells was increased compared with those in the normal control group and negative control group, respectively (both P < 0.05), suggesting the presence of G2/M phase arrest and decreased cell proliferation in S phase (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expressions of cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 were significantly down-regulated and elevated (both P < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion:Inhibition of AURKA expression suppressed cell growth and led to G2/M arrest of human osteosarcoma cell line U2-OS.

Abstract:Objective:To transfect the eukaryotic expression plasmid of Pre-miR-146a with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and observe the expression efficiency of miR-146a in cervical cancer HeLa cells,and then explore the possible mechanism of miRNA-146a on the proliferation of HeLa cells. Methods:We directly cloned a 370-bp fragment including miR-146a precursor from the human gDNA into the pcDNA3.1 (+) plasmid to construct recombinant Pre-miR-146a plasmid by PCR. A Pre-miR-146a-G or Pre-miR-146a-C was transfected into HeLa cell line and the expression of miR-146a was analyzed by real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay. Real-time PCR and Western blotting assays were performed to assess the expression of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Results:The fragment including miR-146a precursor was successfully cloned into the pcDNA3.1 (+) plasmid and the recombinant expression plasmid Pre-miR-146a-G or Pre-miR-146a-C was constructed. After transfection of Pre-miR-146a-G or Pre-miR-146a-C recombinant plasmid into HeLa cell line,the expression of miR-146a was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The miR-146a expression of the Pre-miR-146a-C plasmid transfected group was higher than that of the Pre-miR-146a-G plasmid group (P < 0.05). After transfection with recombinant plasmid 48 h,the cell viability of HeLa cell line was increased (P < 0.05) and TRAF6 protein expression was down-regulated (P < 0.05),but the mRNA level of TRAF6 did not changed (P > 0.05). Conclusion:The SNP in Pre-miR-146a enhanced the expression of miR-146a and promoted the proliferation of HeLa cells,probably by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway by down-regulating TRAF6.

Abstract:Objective:To detect the expression of human interleukin-33 (IL-33) in glioma and study its effects on invasion of human U251 glioma cells. Methods:Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect IL-33 protein expression in 16 normal brain tissues and 86 patients with different grades of gliomas. Transwell assay was conducted to study the effect of IL-33 on invasion of U251 glioma cells. Western blotting assays were performed to investigate changes in NF-κB expression and its phosphorylation status after IL-33 treatment. Results:IL-33 protein expression was significantly higher in glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissues (54.65% vs 6.25%,P < 0.001). The expression of IL-33 in low-grade (WHO Ⅰ and Ⅱ) glioma and high-grade(WHO Ⅲ and Ⅳ) glioma was 17.4% and 68.3% (P < 0.001),respectively. IL-33 enhanced U251 cellular invasion (P < 0.05) in vitro,and the protein expression of NF-κB was increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion:IL-33 is frequently overexpressed in glioma tissues,and may contribute to glioma cell invasion by up-regulation of NF-κB phosphorylation.

Abstract:Objective:To produce a full molecule human anti-c-Met antibody with genetic engineering, and analyze the biological activity of the antibody and observe its influence on proliferation, migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Methods:We designed a primer for amplifying the variable region of anti-c-Met Fab antibody. VH and VL genes were cloned into pFUSE-CHIg-hG1 and pFUSE-CLIg-hκ expression vectors, respectively, and were both transfected into eukaryotic cells. The expression product was purified using protein A column. The identification and immunological characteristics of antibody were analyzed by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting assay and immunofluorescence assay. The inhibition function of the antibody in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was analyzed by CCK-8. The effects of the antibody on the invasion and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was determined by wound-healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. Results:The results demonstrated that the full molecule human anti-c-Met antibody was successfully produced, and the antibody effectively recognized c-Met protein. In nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell experiment, CCK8 assay demonstrated that the antibody played a significant role in proliferation of CNE2 and HONE1. Wound-healing assay and Transwell invasion assay demonstrated that the antibody could suppressed the migration and invasion of CNE2 and HONE1. Conclusion:In this study, full molecule human anti-c-Met antibody was established successfully and has obvious neutralizing effect. The antibody is expected to become a candidate molecule for molecular targeted therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective:We sought to produce a human specific anti-rabies-virus bivalent antibody with neutralizing activity by using the dimer effect of RII’s dimerization and docking domain(DDD)in protein kinase A(PKA). Methods:Linker-C-DDD sequence was optimized and synthesized. Fd section and light chain variable region (Vκ) of anti-rabies virus Fab094 were amplified. Fd section of Fab094 and linker-C-DDD gene were recombined using overlap PCR. Fd-DDD and Vκ were cloned into eukaryotic expression vectors and both vectors were transfected into 293 free style cells. Fab094-DDD antibody was expressed and purified. The immunological features of Fab094-DDD was detected by SDS-PAGE,Western blot assay,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),co-IP,affinity test and indirect immunofluorescence test. The neutralizing activity of Fab094-DDD was detected by fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test. Results:The results demonstrated that the eukaryotic expression vectors of the human specific anti-rabies virus bivalent Fab094-DDD antibody were successfully constructed. The antibody effectively recognized the antigen and specifically combined the rabies virus,and the neutralization titer of the antibody was 213.2 U/mg. Conclusion:We successfully generated a bivalent Fab094-DDD antibody against rabies virus,and the antibody showed high neutralizing activity. Fab094-DDD antibody could establish the foundation for the treatment of rabies and could be applied to the construction of other bispecific human specific antibodies.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effect of galangin on ozone exposure-induced airway inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in mice and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods:A total of 32 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four classes:the control group,COPD group,COPD+galangin group and galangin group. They were exposed to ozone for 3 h per day,twice a week for a period of 12 weeks. The control mice were exposed to normal air. Lung sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to assess inflammatory cell infiltration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to detect cell counts and cytokines level by enzyme linked immunosorbent test (ELISA). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to assess the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf-2) mRNA and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1) mRNA. Results:Airway inflammatory cell infiltration in the COPD group significantly increased,and inflammatory cells,interleukin (IL-) 6,IL-8 and TNF-α in the BALF were also notably increased in the COPD group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Galangin significantly alleviated the severity of airway inflammation and inhibited IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α secretion (P < 0.05). At the same time,galangin significantly increased Nrf-2 mRNA expression,while Keap1 mRNA had no significant change. Conclusion:Galangin can effectively inhibit the occurrence and progression of COPD airway inflammation,possibly due to the Nrf2-keap1 antioxidant system.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of insulin resistance on hepatic lipid metabolism. Methods:We used RPMI 1640 with different insulin concentrations to stimulate HepG2 cells,and cells were divided into the insulin resistance (IR) group and the control group. Oil red O staining was performed to observe the cell morphology and intracelluar lipid droplets. Triglyceride was detected with the triglyceride assay kit. The expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC),liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP),lipoprotein lipase(LPL),carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (CPT1),microsomal triglyceride transfer protein(MTP) and transcription regulatory factors sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c),and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR α) were detected by real-time PCR. Results:HepG2 cell model of insulin resistance was induced after 1×10-4 mol/L insulin stimulated cells for 36 h. The intracelluar lipid droplets and triglyceride content were increased in the IR group than in the control group. The mRNA expressions of ACC and SREBP-1c in the IR group were higher than in the control group,and L-FABP had no significant difference compared with the control group. The mRNA expressions of LPL,CPT1,MTP and PPARα in the IR group were lower than those in the control group. Conculsion:Insulin resistance could induce abnormal lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells via increasing lipid synthesis and reducing lipid oxidation process.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the protective role of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2/Pim-3 transfecting in rat pancreatic acinar cells AR4-2J damaged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: AR4-2J cells were divided into 4 groups: Group A, as the normal control group; Group B, treated with 5 μg/mL of LPS; Group C, transfected with blank plasmid pEGFP-N2 and treated with 5 -滋g/mL of LPS; Group D, transfected with recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2 /Pim-3 and treated with 5 μg/mL of LPS. Flow cytometry examined the apoptosis of AR4-2J cells in four groups after 24 h. RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of Pim-3, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and Occludin in AR4-2J cells of four groups treated in 0, 6, 12, 24 h, and Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of Pim-3, ICAM-1, and Occludin in each group. Results: The apoptotic rates of Groups B and C were (53.13 ± 5.73)% and (51.76 ± 5.17)%, respectively, both significantly higher than that of Group D (21.13 ± 4.15)%(both P < 0.05). The expressions of Pim-3 mRNA and protein in Groups A, B and C remained a low level. The Pim-3 expression of Group D was significantly higher than those in Groups A, B and C (both P < 0.05). The ICAM-1 mRNA and protein expression levels of Groups B, C and D were constantly upregulated 6 h later, all significantly higher than those of Group A (all P < 0.01), and the ICAM-1 expressions of Groups B and C were significantly higher than Group D (both P < 0.05). The Occludin mRNA and protein expression levels of Groups B, C and D began to increase 6 h later, and peaked 12 h later, all significantly higher than those of Group A (all P < 0.01), and the Occludin expressions of Groups B and C were significantly lower than that of Group D (both P < 0.05). Conclusion: Pim-3 gene can inhibit the apoptosis of pancreatic acinar cell damaged by LPS, and also can upregulate the expression of Occludin and downregulate the expression of ICAM-1 to inhibit the pancreatic inflammatory reaction induced by LPS.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate change in spatial learning and memory function of rats following chronic hypoperfusion for 3 months,and the neuroprotective effect of long-term treatment with 17β-estrogen (E2),which aims to outline the molecular mechanisms of progressive lesions in vascular dementia. Methods:Chronic hypoperfusion in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats was induced by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and the rats were randomly assigned into three groups:the sham group,the placebo (Pla) and the E2 group. Morris water maze was performed to observe spatial learning and memory function of rats. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis were performed to detect protein expressions of synaptic markers in hippocampal CA1 region. Results:(1) Morris water maze analysis revealed no statistical differencal in latency time to find sub-water platform between the sham and the Pla groups,but the Pla group significantly decreased probe time in the quadrant where the platform was previously located compared to sham animals. (2) Compared with the sham group,the number of NeuN-positive cells and the protein level of microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 2 of the Pla group had no significant changes,however,the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP)-2 were significantly decreased. (3) In the Pla group,post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin were significantly decreased compared to the sham group in hippocampal CA1 region. (4) Long-term treatment with E2 reversed these changes induced by BCCAO. Conclusion:BCCAO for 3 mon could lead to decreased spatial learning and memory function of rats. Long-term treatment of E2 may block progressive lesions in vascular dementia by up-regulating MBP2,PSD95 and synaptophysin in hippocampal CA1 region.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effect of inhibiting nuclear transcription factor- kappa B (NF-κB) on expression of chemokines in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α combined with interferon (IFN)-γ and the mechanism of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) inhibits the expression of chemokines. Methods:HK-2 cells were divided into four groups:the control group,the TNF-α plus with IFN-γ treatment group,the pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) treatment group and the 15d-PGJ2 treatment group. The expressions of CXCL9,CXCL10 and CXCL11 mRNA were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and the levels of CXCL9,CXCL10 and CXCL11 in culture supernatant were examined by ELISA. The expressions of p65,IκB-α and p-p65,and p-IκBα were measured by Western blotting assay. Results:The mRNA expression and protein secretion of CXCL9,CXCL10 and CXCL11 in HK-2 cells were up-regulated after TNF-α and IFN-γ stimulation (P < 0.05). CXCL9,CXCL10 and CXCL11 were down-regulated by 85.44%,45.94% and 45.03% at mRNA level (P < 0.05) and 60.87%,47.59% and 53.42% at protein level (P < 0.05) when pretreated with PDTC;when pretreated with 15d-PGJ2,CXCL9,CXCL10 and CXCL11 were down-regulated by 93.87%,92.4% and 86.81% at mRNA level (P < 0.01) and 60.87%,47.59% and 53.42% at protein level (P < 0.01),and Western blot results showed that the phosphorylation levels of p65 and IκBα were down-regulated (P < 0.01). Conclusion:Inhibition of NF-κB decreases the expression of CXCL9,CXCL10 and CXCL11. The expressions of CXCL9,CXCL10 and CXCL11 could be inhibited by 15d-PGJ2 through the NF-κB signal pathway.

Abstract:Objective:To assess the prevalence,clinical characteristics and prognostic accuracy of non-thyroidal illness syndrome(NTIS)in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Methods:Thyroid function and clinical data were examined in 78 patients with CLL to identify potential predisposing factors,evaluate clinical features and overall survival(OS). Results:Among 78 CLL patients,14 patients were diagnosed as NTIS. NTIS of CLL was significantly correlated with advanced Binet stage (Binet C)(P=0.021),decreased hemoglobin(P < 0.001),platelet count(P=0.012)and albumin(P=0.018),and increased C reaction protein(CRP)(P=0.007). The patients with NTIS had shorter median OS than patients without NTIS (P < 0.001). Conclusion:NTIS was present in some CLL patients,and that may be related with systemic inflammation and nutritional decline of patients. CLL patients with NTIS have a poor prognosis.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (BSCCE). Methods:Clinical data of 44 patients with BSCCE were analyzed retrospectively. There were 31 patients in the traditional surgery group and 13 patients in extended mediastinal lymphadenectomy group,respectively. The relevant factors of these two groups and the survival-prognosis were investigated. Results:The tumor location and lymph node resection were associated with the operation mode (P < 0.05). The median survival time (MST) was 23 months,and the 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 78.94%,62.82%,56.54%,respectively. COX regression analysis indicated that the depth of invasion was independent prognostic factors (P < 0.05). However,the survival was not significantly improved in patients undergoing extended mediastinal lymphadenectomy and adjunctive therapy (P > 0.05). Conclusion:BSCCE is a rare malignant tumor with high malignancy. Radical resection followed with adjuvant therapy is recommended while the effectiveness of extended mediastinal lymphadenectomy and adjunctive therapy requires further validation for BSCCE.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the protective effect and the long term clinical outcomes of double guide wire at side-branch compared with single guide wire in dealing with true bifurcated lesion. Methods:A total of 138 patients with true bifurcated lesions treated by simple stenting were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups:the single wire group (68 patients,with single wire at side-branch)and the double wire group(70 patients,with double wires at side-branch). The following acute post-stenting complications were evaluated:aggravated stenosis and instant occlusion of side-branch,time of exchanging guide wire and the rate of stenting at the side-branch. At the same time,restenosis and occlusion of main vessel and side-branch were evaluated by coronary angiograph(CAG)within 9-12 months follow-up. Results:The incidence of side-branch instant occlusion and aggravated stenosis,time of exchanging guide wire and the rate of stenting at the side-branch in the single wire group were higher than those in the double wire group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of main vessel restenosis between the two groups (P > 0.05),however,the rate of side-branch occlusion in the double wire group was lower than that in the single wire group within 9-12 months follow up (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Double wire at side-branch in dealing with true bifurcated lesion significantly reduces the happening of side-branch instant (and long term)loss,prevents the aggravation of side-branch stenosis in which case stent needed and enhances the safety of surgery compared with single wire. Double wire technique may also reduce the adverse cardiac events in patients with true bifurcated lesion.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the effects of metformin treatment on urinary TNF-α in type 2 diabetic patients and explore its possible reno-protective mechanisms. Methods:A total of 121 of type 2 patients (the DM group) were divided into the insulin group and the sulfonylurea group,they were divided to 2 subpoups according to whether or not they received metformin (the INS-Ⅰ group,insulin only;the INS-Ⅱ group,insulin+metformin;the SU-Ⅰ group,sulfonylurea only;the SU-Ⅱ group,sulfonylurea metformin). Meanwhile,24 healthy subjects were selected as the normal control group (the NC group) so that FPG,PBG,HbA1c,duration,BMI,serum creatinine,urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and urinary TNF-α/creatinine ratio (UTCR) were determined respectively between the NC group and the DM group and changes in them excretion were determined in subgroups. Results:1. In the DM group,the levels in FBG,PBG,HbA1c,UTCR and UACR were significantly higher than those in the NC Group. 2. Compared with the INS-Ⅰ group,UTCR and UACR in the INS-Ⅱ group were significantly decreased(P < 0.05);while compared with the SU-Ⅰ group,UTCR and UACR in the SU-Ⅱ group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). 3. UTCR had significant positive correlation with UACR in patients with T2DM (r=0.73,P < 0.01). Conclusion:Metformin can reduce excretion of urinary TNF-α in type 2 diabetic patients,which may be associated with its renal protection.

Abstract:Objective:To discuss the significance of serum retinol binding protein in nutrition support evaluation for critical patients. Methods:A total of 68 patients in ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of NJMU between Sep. 2013 and Apr. 2014 were chosen. The levels of serum RBP,albumin,transferrin and hemoglobin were detected and APACHE Ⅱ scores were calculated at admission and after 7-day nutrition support. Sixty-five outpatient underwent physical examination were included in the control group. Results:Levels of serum RBP,albumin,transferrin and hemoglobin in the experimental group were significantly lower at admission than those in the control group (P < 0.001),while there was a remarkable increase in serum RBP level after 7-day nutrition support than on admission (P < 0.001);transferrin and hemoglobin concentrations were increased mildly (P < 0.05) and there was no significant change in albumin (P > 0.05). Serum RBP levels were negatively related with APACHE Ⅱscores. Conclusion:Serum RBP could timely and as well as accurately reflect the effect of nutrition support as well as dynamic change of illness for critical patients.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) accompanied by acute urinary retention (AUR). Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 236 BPH patients with AUR(n=88,37.3%) and without AUR (n=148,62.7%) who were treated by HoLEP in the First Affiliated Hospital of NJMU from July 2013 to February 2015. Perioperative clinical data,Qmax during postoperative follow-up of 6 months,post-voiding residual (PVR),international prostatic symptom score (IPSS),and quality of life (QoL) were compared between the two groups. Results:Positive rate of urine leukocytes in the AUR group was significantly higher than that in the non-AUR group(P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the average operation time,decrease in hemoglobin before and after operation,indwelling time of urethral catheter, hospital stay, and the incidence of perioperative complications(P > 0.05). Qmax, PVR, IPSS, and Qol were all increased in both groups. No significant differences were found in these parameters between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion:HoLEP could be a safe and effective treatment for BPH patients with AUR. The efficacy was immediate and sustained during the short-term follow-up in both groups.