Abstract:Objective：To assess the effect of GW5074 on the alveolar epithelial cell mesenchymal transition caused by high-dose small-volume radiation. Methods：In cell experiments，the morphological changes of cells before and after GW5074 treatment were observed. The expressions of C-Raf，p-C-Raf，Twist1，α-SMA and E-cadherin were detected by Western blot. After high-dose small-volume irradiation on mouse，the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of the injured tissues was observed by means of HE staining and immunofluorescence staining. Results：GW5074 alleviated effectively the morphological changes caused by high-dose irradiation. High-dose irradiation may activate C-Raf protein with the strongest effect at 48 hours after the irradiation. Pre-treatment by GW5074 and sh-Twist1 before irradiation can reduce the expressions of both Twist1 and α-SMA while increasing the expression of E-cadherin. The expression of p-C-Raf in the sh-Twist1 group was not significantly different from that in the irradiated group. Conclusion：By inhibiting the C-Raf/Twist1 signal path，GW5074 may effectively attenuate the alveolar epithelial cell mesenchymal transition caused by high-dose small-volume irradiation.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to screen for asthma-related candidate genes and validate at the population and animal levels to explore the pathogenesis of asthma. Methods：The asthma-related sputum chip was searched from Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO），the differentially expressed genes were screened by GEO 2R，and the asthma-related genes were screened by reference to the whole gene association analysis（GWAS）. Asthmatic children and healthy children’s sputum specimens werecolle cted. Mouse asthma model construct and rat mast cell strain（RBL-2H3）asthma model were constructed，and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）was used for differential expression verification. Results：Two sets of asthmatic gene chip data were included，and 190 differentially expressed genes with crossovers were selected. GWAS was used to finally screen out the asthma-related gene PDE4D. It was further verified that the expression of PDE4D was increased in the sputum samples of asthmatic children（P < 0.05），and decreased in the whole lung tissue of the asthma mouse model（P < 0.05），but up-regulated in the sensitized RBL-2H3 cells（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：PDE4D is differentially expressed in human，asthmatic mice and mast cells，which may serve as a research target for mast cells to participate in the development of asthma.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the effects of Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis on neuronal injury in sepsis mice. Methods：Mouse model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture（CLP）surgery. Ninety adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups：Sham+saline group（n=15，Sham group），Sham + Caspase-1 inhibitorAc-YVAD-CMKgroup（N-acetyl-tyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl chloromethyl ketone，n=15，Sham+CMK group），CLP + saline group（n=30，CLP group）and CLP+Ac-YVAD-CMK group（n=30，CLP+CMK group）. Seven days after surgery，the brain of each mouse（n=6/each group）was rapidly harvested for determiningthescore of neuronal injury，number of Caspase-1-immunoreactive cells，contents of cleaved Caspase-1，pyroptosisbiomarker Gasdermin-D（GSDMD），interleukin-1β（IL-1β）and IL-18. Fourteen days after surgery，fear conditioning test was performed to evaluate the cognitive function for the rest of the mice. Results：Compared with the Sham group，the score of neuronal damage，number of Caspase-1-immunoreactive cells，contents of cleaved Caspase-1，GSDMD，IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased in the CLP group（P < 0.05），and mice of CLP group exhibited significant hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment. Compared with the CLP group，increase of Caspase-1，GSDMD，IL-1β and IL-1β were inhibited by Ac-YVAD-CMK administration in the CLP+CMK group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Sepsis induces neuronal injury and activation of Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis in mice hippocampus，and inhibiting Caspase-1 with Ac-YVAD-CMK ameliorates sepsis-induced pyroptosis，neuronal injury and cognitive impairment.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the changes of glutamic amino acid （Glu）and γ-aminobutyric amino acid （GABA）content in the hippocampus of rats in 30 minutes after an epileptic seizure induced by pentrazole （PTZ），and explore the termination mechanism of epilepsy. Methods：Acute epileptic seizures model of SD male rats were induced by PTZ kindling. The model rats were killed immediately or 5，10，15，20，25 and 30 minutes later when the epileptic seizures occurred and reached the level of Ⅳ~Ⅴ. The heads of the rats were cut and the hippocampuses were taken out for detections of the Glu and GABA contents in the hippocampus using high performance liquid chromatography. A normal control group was established via normal saline hypodermic injection. Results：Compared to the normal control group，the levels of Glu content in the hippocampal tissues were higher （P　<　0.05）in the model rats 0，5，10，15，20 or 25 minutes after the epileptic seizure reached the level of Ⅳ~Ⅴ symptoms，and the differences were statistically significant（P　<　0.05）. The Glu content in the 25 min group indicated the peak value，followed by a decline. The Glu content has no significantly difference between the 30 min group and the normal control group （P　>　0.05）. The level of GABA content rose significantly in the 5 min group（P　<　0.05），and subsequently began to decline，it came to the minimum value in the 10 min group，but began to rise slowly and progressively in the 15，20 and 25 min group，and to reach its peak（P　<　0.05），then followed by a decline. Conclusion：The research reveals the change rules of Glu and GABA contents over the time after epileptic seizure，and a dynamic balance between the Glu and GABA contents is one of the factors that lead to the termination of epilepsy.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the relationship between climate change and the incidence of acute aortic dissection（AAD），so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of AAD. Methods：The clinical data of 822 patients with AAD admitted to three hospitals in Nanjing during January，2012–December，2017 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The incidences of AAD in different seasons and months were compared. The monthly meteorological data of Nanjing were collected and correlated to the incidence of AAD using Spearman rank correlation program，and the correlation between meteorological factors was also analyzed. By using the generalized additive model of the Poisson distribution，the relationship between climate change and the incidence of AAD was explored. The relations between the results derived from time series prediction model and the actual number of AAD cases were assessed. Results：The proportion of AAD and its A and B types was higher in December and January. The lowest incidence of total AAD and type B occurred in August，while the lowest of AAD type A was in June. The generalized additive model showed an increase in the incidence of AAD as the mean air pressure increased（RR=1.04，95%CI=1.03~1.05，P < 0.000 1）. Along with the average 2 minute wind speed increased，the incidence of AAD became lower（RR=0.66，95%CI=0.46~0.94，P=0.03）. Conclusion：There is a certain correlation between the incidence of AAD and some specific climatological indicators. When the average air pressure increases，the AAD incidence increases; when the average 2 minute wind speed increases，the AAD incidence decreases.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expressions of proteins associated with chemotherapy resistance including excision repair cross-complementation group 1（ERCC1） in gastric cancer patients perineural invasion（PNI）. Methods：A retrospective study was conducted in 242 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. The expressions of tubulin β3，thymidylate synthase（TS），P-glycoprotein，topoisomerase 2-alpha（TOP2A） and ERCC1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and were compared between patients with and without PNI. Results：PNI was detected in 108 patients（44.6%），and the proportions of patients with the longest diameter of tumor ≥5 cm，poor histological differentiation，lymphovascular invasion and TNM stages of Ⅲ~Ⅳ were significantly higher in these patients than those in patients without PNI（P < 0.05）. The high expression rate of ERCC1 in patients with PNI was significantly higher than those in those without PNI（63.9% vs. 46.5%，P < 0.05），and this difference was mainly found in subgroups of male（64.8% vs. 43.1%，P=0.026） and poor differentiation（76.3% vs. 42.9%，P=0.006）. The high expression rates of tubulin β3，TS，P-glycoprotein and TOP2A were not significantly different between these two groups（P > 0.05）. Conclusion：Gastric cancer patients with PNI had an increased expression level of ERCC1 protein，indicating the possible mechanism of poor chemotherapy effect induced by PNI.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression and clinical pathological significance of long noncoding RNA（LncRNA）MCM3AP-AS1 in breast cancer patients. Methods：A total of 64 cases of tumor tissue puncture specimens were collected from elderly women（age≥60）with advanced breast cancer. The expression of LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 in tumor tissues of these patients was detected by qRT-PCR. The expressions of ER，PR，Her-2，Ki-67 and Dkk1 protein in breast cancer tissue samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. Samples with immunohistochemical Her-2 2+ were further tested by FISH. Furthermore，we analyzed the relationship between LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 expression and clinical pathology of breast cancer patients and its impact on prognosis. Results：The expression of LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 was significantly increased in breast cancer patients with poor tissue differentiation and ER（-），PR（-）（P < 0.01）. The expression of LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 was not associated with the presence of liver，lung or brain metastasis，but was closely related to bone metastasis（P < 0.01）. Patients with ER（-），PR（-），Her-2（+） or Dkk1（+）were more likely to have bone metastases（P < 0.01）. The progression-free survival of breast cancer patients with high expression of LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 was significantly shorter than that of low expression group（P < 0.01）. Conclusion：LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 is closely related to the malignant biological behavior of female breast cancer. The detection of LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 expression has potential value in helping us to better understand the mechanism of breast cancer and judging the prognosis of breast cancer patients.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to investigate the value of interleukin 24（IL-24）in predicting the treatment outcomes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma（DLBCL）. Methods：The 82 patients with DLBCL who were enrolled in our hospital were received 4 courses of rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide+hydroxyldaunorubicin + oncovin + prednisone（CHOP）routine first-line treatment. The patients were divided into the treatment-effective group（complete remission and partial remission）and the treatment-ineffective group（stable disease and progressive disease）according to the treatment outcomes，and 66 healthy subjects were selected as the control group at the same time. The IL-24 level in peripheral blood of the tested population was analyzed by ELISA and the predictive value of IL-24 in the clinical treatment of DLBCL was evaluated by ROC curve. Results：Before treatment，the IL-24 levels in patients with DLBCL［（41.4±7.3）μg/mL］were significantly lower than those in healthy subjects［（61.4±9.3）μg/mL，P < 0.001］. In the treatment-effective group，the IL-24 level increased after treatment［（55.0±7.0）μg/mL vs.（46.3±5.3）μg/mL，P < 0.001］，and was significantly higher than that in treatment-ineffective group［（55.0±7.0）μg/mL vs.（36.5±4.2）μg/mL，P < 0.001］. However，the IL-24 level in the treatment-ineffective group had no statistical difference after treatment（P > 0.05）. When 38.8 μg/mL was taken as the IL-24 optimal threshold，the sensitivity and specificity of IL-24 to predict the effectivity of DLBCL treatment were 95.65% and 83.33%，respectively. Conclusion：IL-24 has a reliable predictive value in the clinical treatment of patients with DLBCL.

Abstract:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy（HCM） is the most common genetic heart disease，attracted much attention because of high mortality. The features of pathology，clinical progress and imaging of myocardial fibrosis in HCM patients are unique. Several studies have shown that the poor prognosis of HCM patients is closely related to the degree of left ventricular fibrosis. The late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance（LGE-CMR） is the gold standard to assess the degree of left ventricle fibrosis. Effecive utilization of LGE-CMR in the assessment of myocardial fibrosis in HCM patients is expected to be an important means of diagnosis and treatment of HCM.

Abstract:Magnetic resonance molecular imaging is an important method for early diagnosis of tumors. It has broad prospects for its advantages of non-invasive，non-ionizing radiation and high soft tissue resolution. The design and development of magnetic resonance tumor-targeted molecular probes are keys to tumor molecular imaging. Different molecular recognition systems are used to develop a variety of specific targeted affinity probes，and to achieve the purpose of tumor genes and characteristic molecules imaging. In this paper，the latest progresses of magnetic resonance tumor molecular probes in recent years are reviewed.

Abstract:Single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）refers to the DNA polymorphism caused by the variation of the single nucleotide in the level of genotype. SNP，as a kind of bialleic marker，is characterised by the high density，low mutation rate and uneven distribution. In the field of forensic medicine，SNP is applied for the inference of identity，lineage，ancestry and phenotype. However，the current first generation sequencing cannot analyze SNP effectively. Owning to the development of next generation sequencing（NGS），SNP processing speed improved greatiy. Therefore，the application of NGS to analyze SNP has great potential and broad prospects in the forensic medicine.

Abstract:Radical resection of gynecological malignant tumor combined with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection can bring benefits to patients as well as disadvantages， radical namely，lymphedema，which bring about pain and emotional sequelae，further development can restrict lower limb joints，even cause joint activity limitation and loss of function. Therefore，although lymphedema is not a fatal disease，it can seriously affect the life quality of patients. In the treatment of the lower limb lymphedema，exercise is an essential part，which can accelerate the lymph circulation and promote the regression of edema. Therefore，the purpose of this paper is to review the present situation，formation mechanism，treatment and functional exercise methods，as well as the deficiencies of functional exercise of lower extremity edema after pelvic lymph node dissection for cervical cancer，and to provide a strong theoretical basis for clinical research.