Abstract:Objective：To observe the effect of reslovin D1（RvD1） on Aβ-mediated inflammasome activation and metabolic disturbance of microglia and cognitive function in AD transgenic mice. Methods：Firstly，microglia（BV2 cell line）was cultured and treated with LPS，Aβ and RvD1. By RT-PCR technique and confocal microscopy，we observed the activation of Nod-lide receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3（NLRP3） inflammasome and changes of mitochondrial morphology，respectively. Moreover，continuous intraperitoneal injection of RvD1 5 mg/（kg·d）for 10 days was performed to AD transgenic mice. IHC，IF and RT-PCR were used to observe the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome，microglial marker（Iba1）and expression of mitochondrial metabolism-related factors. Ultimately，behavioral effect on AD mice was tested by fear conditioning test（FCT）. Results：RvD1 inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammation. After RvD1 applied，mitochondria morphology in microglia changed from dot fragment to strip shape. Compared with AD mice，AD mice treated with RvD1 revealed lower NLRP3 and Iba1 expression，improved mitochondrial metabolic disturbance in hippocampus and better cognitive function. Conclusion：RvD1 improves cognitive function in AD mice via alleviating the disturbance of mitochondria metabolism and inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia.

Abstract:Department of Urology，the First Affiliated Hospital，Nanjing Medical University，Nanjing 210029，China

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the role NLRP3 inflammasome in acute pulmonary inflammation induced by carbon black nanoparticles（CBNPs）. Methods：C57BL/6 mice were exposed to carbon black nanoparticles for 3 days and 7 days，respectively. IL-1β levels in serum and BAL fluid were detected by ELISA，and whole blood of mice was collected for routine blood test. The pathological damage of lung tissues was detected by H&E staining，and the expression of NLRP3 protein in lung tissues was detected by immunohistochemical（IHC）staining. Then，all the experiments were repeated in NLRP3 knock out mice and wild type mice. Results：HE staining showed that acute pulmonary inflammation including enlarged alveolar septum and infiltrations of inflammatory cells were observed in mice after short-term carbon black nanoparticles exposure. There were significant differences in pathological scores between the exposure group and the control group. IHC staining results showed that the expression level of NLRP3 in mice exposed to CBNPs was significantly higher than control. The level of IL-1β in BALF and serum of mice exposed to CBNPs were significantly higher than control. Conclusion：NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway contributes to pulmonary inflammation induced by CBNPs short-term exposure.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of RNPC1 gene on chemosensitivity of human breast cancer cells SUM1315 and correlated mechanism. Methods：Lentivirus was used to over-express and knock-down RNPC1 in the SUM1315 breast cancer cells. The cells were divided into overexpress RNPC1（RNPC1）group and its control（NC group），knock-down RNPC1（shRNPC1 group）and its control（SCR group）. Real-time PCR and Western blot were analyzed the mRNA and protein expression of RNPC1 in SUN1315 cells. The effect of RNPC1 gene on the sensitivity of the chemotherapeuties drug such as paclitaxel，Taxotere and 5-Fluorouracil with different concentration was detected by CCK8. Apoptosis of breast cancer cell after treated with paclitaxel，Taxotere and 5-Fluorouracil were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results：The qRT-PCR and Western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein level of RNPC1 was increased after transfection with RNPC1 overexpression（RNPC1）. While，RNPC1 was reduced after transfection with RNPC1 knock-down RNPC1（shRNPC1）lentivirus. After treatment with different concentration of paclitaxel，Taxotere and 5-Fluorouracil，the IC50 of shRNPC1 group was significantly lower than SCR group（P < 0.05）. Furthermore，the IC50 of RNPC1 group was significantly higher than NC group（P < 0.05）.The flow cytometer assay was used after treatment with paclitaxel，Taxotere and 5-Fluorouracil for 72 h in the experimental groups. The cell apoptosis rate of shRNPC1 group was higher than SCR group，while，the cell apoptosis rate of RNPC1 was lower than NC group. Conclusions：RNPC1 gene can effectively decrease the sensitivity of human breast cancer cells SUM1315 to the chemotherapeutics drug such as paclitaxel，Taxotere and 5-fluorouracil，indicating that RNPC1 gene silencing might be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To study the changes of intestinal organoids function in female 11β-HSD1 knockout mice. Methods：The intestinal tissues of age-sex matched C57BL/6J mice and 11β-HSD1 knockout mice were collected. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and quantifications of the intestinal epithelial stem cells，progenitor cells and Paneth cells. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of marker genes in stem cells and Paneth cells. Crypt units were isolated for primary organoid culture in vitro，and the percentage of organoid per crypt ratio and the number of crypt-domains per organoid were observed. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to study the localization and quantification of stem cells and Paneth cells among organoids. Results：Compared with the control group，the number of Paneth cells in the small intestine epithelium of the 11β-HSD1 knockout mice was significantly increased，the number of stem cells was not significantly different，the number of progenitor cells was increased，and the expression of the intestinal stem cell marker gene Lgr5 in the intestinal epithelium was elevated. Similar results were observed in the epithelium of the large intestine. The number of large intestine stem cells，progenitor cells and gene Lgr5 expression were increased in the 11β-HSD1 knockout group. In vitro studies showed that the organoid per crypts ratio was increased，and the organoids derived from the 11β-HSD1 knockout group proliferated and differentiated into more complex structures and consist a greater number of crypt-like domains than the wild group. However，there was no significant difference in the results of colonic crypt organ culture. Immunofluorescence staining of stem cells and Paneth cells of small intestinal organs revealed that the intestinal organoids of 11β-HSD1 knockout mice contained more Paneth cells，and the number of stem cells also increased although not significant. Conclusions：The composition of intestinal epithelium changed after 11β-HSD1 mutation. In the small intestinal epithelium，the number of Paneth cells increased significantly. In the large intestinal epithelium，the number of stem cells，progenitor cells and stem cell marker genes increased significantly. In vitro studies have shown that the 11β-HSD1 knockout group contains more Paneth cells，which have more robust proliferation and differentiation ability.

Abstract:Objective：To explore whether chronic low-dose polychlorinated biphenyl 118（PCB118）could induce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）in rats. Methods：Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and injected intraperitoneally with PCB118［10，100 or 1 000 μg/（kg·d）］or corn oil［0.5 mL/（kg·d）］for 13 weeks，respectively. Serum levels of alanine transaminase（ALT），aspartate aminotransferase（AST），glucose（GLU），triglyceride（TG），total Cholesterol（TC），low-density lipoproteincholesterol（LDL-c），high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-c）were measured，and the mRNA expresion of interleukin-1β（IL-1β），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）and fibrogenic factor transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1），matrix metalloproteinase-2（MMP-2），α-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）were quantified. Hepaticsteatosis，inflammatory cell infiltration and liver fibrosis were observed by HE staining and Sirius red staining，respectively. Results：Compared to control group，after stimulation with different concentrations of PCB118，serum ALT，TG，TC，GLU，LDL-C，HDL-C levels were significantly increased（P < 0.01），and serum AST level was slightly increased，but no statistical significance was observed（P > 0.05）. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β，TNF-α，TGF-β1，MMP-2 and α-SMA increased，and were significantly different compared with the control group（P < 0.05）. HE staining showed steatosis and inflammation in the liver of rats in PCB118-treated group was more serious than that in the control group，and Sirius red staining showed that the hepatic lobule structure was disordered with obvious red staining area in PCB118 treatment group. Conclusion：Chronic low-concentration PCB118 could promote liver fibrosis through inflammatory mechanisms and induce NAFLD in rats.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1（GLP-1）on phenotypic transformation of aortic valve stromal cells（VIC），suggesting the role of GLP-1 in the development of calcified aortic valve disease（CAVD）and the mechanism of action. Methods：The interstitial cells of porcine aortic valve were isolated and cultured by collagenase digestion. The calcification model of aortic valve interstitial cells was established by high calcium and phosphorus stimulation. The calcification model was treated by different concentrations of GLP-1 . The best concentration of GLP-1 was determined by the calcium ion concentration in the cell lysate. The optimal concentration of GLP-1 was used to stimulate the cells，and then RNA and cell proteins were extracted. The expression of osteopontin（OPN），runt-related transcription factor 2（Runx-2）and related signaling pathway p38 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results：GLP-1 reduced the concentration of calcium ion in cell lysate and the maximum stimulation concentration of GLP-1 was 200 ng/mL. Compared with the control group，mRNAs and proteins of OPN，Runx-2 in GLP-1 intervention group decreased，and the expression of p65 protein also decreased. Conclusion：GLP-1 can inhibit the calcification and osteogenic phenotype differentiation of VICs by inhibiting the expression of p65.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to investigate the in vitro effects of different oligotrophic conditions on the transcriptional level of Enterococcus faecalis（E.faecalis）during starvation phase under simulated root canal pressure. Methods：The E.faecalis（ATCC 29212）was induced to starvation phase and cultured under different oligotrophic conditions（TSB with 0%，0.05%，0.15%，and 0.25% glucose），gene transcription levels and metabolic pathways were measured after one week. Results：The results showed that there was no significant change in the gene transcription level in the 0.15% glucose group compared with the 0.25% group. The gene transcription level in the 0.05% glucose group and particular in the 0% glucose group changed significantly. In the 0% glucose group，GO function mostly involved in metabolic processes and catalytic activity，and there was no significant difference in KEGG pathway. The top three metabolic pathways were ABC transporter，PTS system and amino acid biosynthesis. Conclusion：The changes in gene transcription level of E.faecalis under oligotrophic conditions may be related to the survival and pathogenicity of E.faecalis under starvation conditions. We will further explore the mechanism of related functional genes and regulatory pathways of E.faecalis in the pathogenesis of the disease on the basis of this study.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the abnormalities of bone metabolism in renal transplant recipients and chronic kidney disease patients undergoing stage 5 dialysis，and to explore the changes of bone metabolism after renal transplantation. Methods：Retrospective analysis was performed on 156 recipients who were hospitalized for follow-up review in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 to June 2018. All recipients had received kidney transplantation for six months or more. Total 77 dialysis patients hospitalized from January to May 2018 were simultaneously included. Serum calcium（Ca），phosphorus（P），25-hydroxy vitamin D［25（OH）D］，parathyroid hormone（PTH），bone-specific alkaline phosphatase（bALP），osteocalcin（OC），type I collagen cross-linked N-terminal peptide（NTx），type I collagen cross-linked C-terminal peptide（CTx），tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b（TRAP-5b），and bone mineral density（BMD）were compared between the two groups to investigate changes of bone metabolism after kidney transplantation. Results：The mean age of 156 kidney transplant recipients was （39.9 ± 9.5） years old，and 65.4% were male. The mean age of 77 dialysis patients was （38.2 ± 10.2） years old，and 71.4% were male. The incidence of abnormal bone metabolism markers in renal transplantation group vs. dialysis group：Low correction Ca was 0.0% vs. 9.5%，high correction Ca was 14.8% vs. 9.5%，low P 25.0% vs. 2.6%，high P 3.2% vs. 85.5%，high PTH 51.4% vs. 85.9%，low 25（OH）D 63.7% vs. 81.9%，high OC 17.8% vs. 98.6%，high NTx 84.6% vs. 100.0%，high CTx 80.8% vs. 100.0%，high TRAP-5b 18.2% vs. 46.5%. There were significant differences in those markers between the two groups（P < 0.05）. There was no difference in bALP between two groups（P > 0.05）. The incidence of right femur neck osteopenia and osteoporosis was 19.0% and 3.6% in the kidney transplantation group，respectively，and was 17.7% and 4.8% in the dialysis group，respectively. The incidence of lumbar spine osteopenia and osteoporosis was 26.5% and 4.4% in the kidney transplantation group，respectively，and was 19.4% and 4.8% in the dialysis group，respectively. Both showed no differences between two groups（P > 0.05）. The influence factors of BMD were preoperative history of parathyroidectomy，body mass index（BMI），total cholesterol（TC），normal blood phosphorus levels and neutrophils（NE）（P < 0.05）in the kidney transplantation group. While，age and PTH were influence factors of BMD in the dialysis group. Conclusion：This study showed that the indicators of bone metabolism abnormalities could be improved after kidney transplantation，but under the condition of stable renal function，some patients still showed persistent bone metabolism abnormalities. It is helpful to evaluate mineral and bone metabolism abnormalities after kidney transplantation by synthesizing changes and trends of bone metabolism indexes.

Abstract:Objective：The purpose of this resrarch is to build and identify the animal model of an antibody-mediated rejection（AMR）after kidney transplantation. Methods：In animal model of AMR，Wistar rats were used as donors and SD rats were used as the receipients. To construct allograft rat skin graft model，the back skins of Wistar rats were transplanted to the back of SD rats. After skin transplantation，serum was taken from rats at 1，3，7，10，14，21，28，and 35 days respectively，and donor specific antibodies（DSAs）of serum were detected by flow cytometry. When DSAs reached the highest，the kidney of Wistar rats was transplanted to SD rats to build AMR model of allogeneic rat kidney transplantation. Transplanted kidney and serum were collected 1-5 days after kidney transplantation，and routine pathological staining，C4d immunofluorescence and serum DSAs detection were performed. Results：DSAs of serum in recipients reached the peak after 14 days of skin transplantation. Compared with control group，transplanted kidney in AMR group showed glomerulitis with a significant increase of peritubular capillaries（PTC），C4d deposition on peritubular capillaries，and serum DSAs levels（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：An animal model of AMR after renal allograft transplantation was successfully constructed and identified. This model is easy to operate，stable and cost-effective，and has high popularization value.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to identify novel ESCC prognosis related biomarkers and construct novel prognostic predictive model for ESCC. Methods：Candidate gene strategy was adopted to analyse the expressions of key members of matrix metalloproteinases：MMP1，MMP2，MMP3，MMP7，MMP8，MMP9 and MMP10 in ESCC tissues. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect MMP3 protein expression in 315 ESCC（Training：197 cases，Validation：118 samples）tissues. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the association between MMP3 expression and ESCC prognosis. Finally，we constructed ESCC prognosis predictive model by integrating MMP3 and clinicopathologic factors. Results：MMP1，MMP3 and MMP10 showed aberrant increased expression in ESCC tumor tissues. Expression of MMP3 protein in tumor tissues was significantly upregulated than that in adjacent tissues. In training dataset，the overall survival（OS）of MMP3 positive patients（22.22%）was significantly lower than patients with negative expression of MMP3（49.25%，HR=2.09，95% CI：1.45-3.03，P < 0.001）. Consistent results were further observed in validation and combined datasets. In addition，the predictive ability of model that integrated MMP3 and clinicopathologic factors was higher than that contained the TNM stage alone（AUC：0.733 vs. 0.689）. Conclusion：MMP3 acted as an ESCC prognosis related biomarker，predictive model that integrated MMP3 and clinicopathologic factors could predict the prognosis of ESCC patients accurately.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of Intraoperative cryoablation therapy（IOCT）in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods：The clinical data of 30 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer who underwent IOCT were analyzed retrospectively from January 2017 to October 2018. The following parameters were collected before and after the operation to assess the effectiveness and the safety of the procedure：tumor markers，clinical images，immunological markers，pain score and the rate of perioperative complications. Results：All the patients underwent a safe operation and the average tumor size was（4.62 ± 1.49）cm，all of which were locally advanced pancreatic cancer（4 cases of stageⅡb and 26 cases of stage Ⅲ according the AJCC standard）. The average operation time was（124.0±21.8）min. There were 8 cases of pancreatic fistula（26.7%），including 7 cases of grade A fistula and 1 case of grade B fistula. 7 cases had gastric emptying obstruction（23.3%），and there was a sustained decrease in CA19-9 level at 2 weeks after the operation（P < 0.05）. The pain score was significantly lower than that before the operation（P < 0.01）. Serum immunological markers increased to peak 1 week post-operatively（P < 0.01），and returned to normal after 2 weeks. CT showed that the size of the tumor had decreased（P=0.054）. Conclusion：intraoperative argon-helium cryoablation is safe and effective in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The rate of remission is high. Therefore，further standardization of the technique can improve the accuracy of the local ablation of pancreatic cancer and can minimize complications.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid and insulin sensitivity in pre-diabetic patients through hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Methods：A total of 108 pre-diabetic subjects were included in the study. The subjects were divided into normal glucose regulation（NGR） group（66 cases）and impaired glucose regulation（IGR） group（42 cases）according to the diagnostic criteria in 2011 American Diabetes Association. Uric acid and other biochemical markers were measured from fasting blood sample. All the patients underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp，and glucose infusion rate（GIR）was calculated to assess insulin sensitivity. Results：Compared with NGR patients，IGR patients had higher levels of BMI，WC，TG，TC，FINS，CP，SUA and lower levels of HDL-C and GIR（P < 0.05）. GIR was negatively correlated to BMI，WC，SUA（P < 0.05）in IGR patients. GIR was gradually and significantly decreased with increase of serum SUA level. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum SUA was a risk factor for insulin resistance［OR=1.008，95％CI：1.004~1.013，P＜0.001］. Conclusion：In the pre-diabetic patients，there is a negative correlation between serum uric acid and insulin sensitivity. The higher serum uric acid is，the lower insulin sensitivity is.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the relationship between body mass index（BMI）and different metabolic variables（glucose and lipid metabolism，hepatic，renal and thyroid function）in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal serum TSH. Methods：We retrospectively collected clinical data from 156 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal serum TSH in our center，including gender，age，BMI，alanine aminotransferase（ALT），γ-glutamyltransferase（γ-GT），blood urea nitrogen（BUN），creatinine（Cr），uric acid（UA），fasting plasma glucose（FPG），fasting C-peptide（CP），fasting insulin（FINS），glycosylated hemoglobin A1c（HbA1c），insulin resistance（HOMA-IR），triglyceride（TG），total cholesterol（TC），low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C），high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C），free triiodothyronine（FT3），free thyroxin（FT4），thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）. All the patients were divided into the obesity group（BMI ≥28.0 kg/m2），the overweight group（24.0 kg/m2≤BMI＜28.0 kg/m2）and the normal weight group（BMI＜24.0 kg/m2）according to BMI. The differences of metabolic variables among three groups and the correlation between BMI and different metabolic variables were analyzed. Results：Levels of ALT，γ-GT，TC，FINS，HOMA-IR，CP and TSH among groups were significantly different（P < 0.05）. After adjustment for gender，age and HBA1c，levels of ALT，γ-GT，FINS，HOMA-IR，CP and TSH increased with the increase of BMI（r=0.22，0.19，0.36，0.38，0.27，0.22，P < 0.05）. Conclusion：BMI could significantly affect ALT，γ-GT，TC，FINS，HOMA-IR，CP and TSH in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal serum TSH. Besides，ALT，γ-GT，FINS，HOMA-IR，CP and TSH were positively correlated with BMI. TSH level could serve as an index in evaluating metabolic disorder and follow-up in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus，especially with obesity.

Abstract:Objective：Genome-wide association studies（GWASs）have identified several coronary heart disease（CHD）susceptibility loci. However，the pathogenic genes and real causal variants in these susceptible regions remain undetected. This study aims to identify CHD associated genes and variants through performing targeted sequencing in susceptible regions reported. Methods：We screened SNVs that were significantly associated with CHD risk base on GWAS Catalog，than selected 19 important genes in CHD susceptible regions by evaluating in databases and retrieving the gene function systematically. Targeted exon sequencing of 19 CHD susceptibility genes was performed within 192 Chinese CHD cases and 192 controls. Association between common/rare variants and CHD risk was evaluated by logistic regression and counting method. Further，for our identified novel CHD-related variants，functional annotation and expression Quantitative Trait Loci（eQTL）analysis were adopted to assess their potential biological functions. Results：There were 5 common variants with P < 0.05，and the eQTL analysis indicated that rs12970 was significantly associated with the increased expression of APOA1 in cardiovascular tissues. Moreover，we identified 3 rare functional variants：WDR35 rs139543775，KLHDC10 rs60941031，CTSH rs3129. Conclusion：This study provides deeper insight into the CHD genetic research by conducting fine mapping in GWAS reported regions. Further validation studies and functional experiments are needed to validate our findings.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to explore the influencing factors of multiple pregnancies following assisted reproductive technology. Methods：The study included 19 434 embryo transferred cycles（14 765 singleton pregnancy cycles，4 669 multiple pregnancy cycles）resulted in clinical pregnancy from four reproductive centers in China（the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University，the Obstetrics and gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University，the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University，and the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University），during January 2013 and December 2016. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of the occurrence of multiple pregnancies. Result：In multivariable logistic regression analysis，transplanting two embryos was the major factor in multiple pregnancies，and the odds ratio（OR）compared with single embryo transfer was 36.54，95% confidence interval（CI）：27.89~47.86. Age，cycle type，progesterone level on hCG trigger day，number of oocytes retrieved，stage of embryo transferred and cumulative embryo score were associated with multiple pregnancies from double embryo transfer［OR（95% CI）were：0.62（0.55~0.70），0.84（0.77~0.92），0.86（0.80~0.92），1.21（1.12~1.31），1.28（1.13~1.46），1.19（1.15~1.23），respectively］. High cumulative embryo score was the only factor associated with decreased risk of multiple pregnancies from single embryo transfer（OR：0.68；95% CI：0.47~0.99）. Conclusion：Number of embryos transferred，age，cycle type，progesterone level on hCG trigger day，number of oocytes retrieved，stage of embryo transferred and cumulative embryo score were identified as related factors of multiple pregnancies following assisted reproductive technology.

Abstract:The incidence of non-puerperal mastitis（NPM）has been increased in recent years，mainly in young women. Individual reports have been reported in men. NPM was mainly divided into three categories：mammary duct ectasia（MDE），periductal mastitis（PDM），and granulomatous lobular mastitis（GLM）. Among them，PDM and GLM were the most common types. In view of the difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment of NPM，which was often confused with inflammatory breast cancer，recurrent attacks after treatment were the characteristics of the disease，resulting its refractory treatment. Moreover，some patients even underwent mastectomy because of this disease，and suffered physiological and psychological trauma. In this paper，we shall review the clinical classification，diagnosis and treatment of NPM combined with existing reports.

Abstract:Low back pain is one of common diseases of orthopedics，and the degeneration of intervertebral disc is the main cause of lower back pain. Currently，the treatment of disc degeneration mainly contains conservative treatment and surgical treatment. However，both treatment methods can only alleviate the patient’s pain and decrease the patient’s symptoms，which cannot fundamentally solve the problem of disc degeneration. Therefore，understanding the mechanism of nucleus pulposus degeneration can help us to develop biological regeneration and repair. At present，different regeneration and repair methods of nucleus pulposus degeneration have been developed based on the mechanism of nucleus pulposus degeneration. This article reviews the latest strategies for nucleus pulposus regeneration，including growth factor therapy，gene therapy，cell therapy，and tissue engineering reconstruction.

Abstract:Children absence epilepsy（CAE）is one of age-dependent idiopathic generalized epilepsy，which occurs in 10% to 17% of all cases of epilepsy diagnosed in school-aged children. It is characterized by frequent typical absence seizures，and the electroencephalography（EEG）reveals characteristic bilateral，symmetrical，and synchronous discharges of 3 Hz generalized spike-and-waves（SWDs）on a normal background activity. This review summarized recent studies on children absence epilepsy，including pathophysiology，clinical electrophysiology，comorbidities，treatment，and prognosis. It is hoped that directions for further researches on this field could be determined.

Abstract:Objective：To analysis the efficacy and prognosis of arterial interventional chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer patients. Methods：PubMed，The Chinese knowledge network，VIP and Wanfang databases were retrieved to collect all the original literature about “arterial interventional chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer” up to August 2018. Then a meta-analysis was carried out on the literatures in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Results：A total of 14 randomized controlled trials（RCT）involving 1 200 patients were included. The results showed that the therapeutic effect of arterial interventional chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer was better than that of systemic venous chemotherapy（RR=1.446，95%CI：1.273~1.642，P＜0.05），and the recurrence，metastasis and mortality rates were lower after treatment（RR=0.564，95%CI：0.336~0.946，P＜0.05），and the 5-year overall survival rate was higher（RR=1.239，95%CI：1.097~1.398，P＜0.05），and tend to reduce the incidence rate of systemic adverse reactions（P＜0.05）. Conclusion：Preoperative arterial interventional chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer has better therapy responses and prognosis than neoadjuvant systemic venous chemotherapy，and has fewer systemic adverse reactions.