Abstract:Objective：This study aims to identify the 3′-UTR sequence of the ECSIT spliceosome in adult mice，and verify the effects of non-coding RNA on ECSIT expression. Methods：Using RACE technology to clone the mice ECSIT 3′-UTR non-coding region sequence，and further compare with the genomic database. Predict the possible binding microRNAs，and design siRNA against the full-length sequence of ECSIT. The expression levels of ECSIT in cells were determined by Western blot after using different microRNAs and siRNAs. Results：The results show that the 346 bp mouse ECSIT 3′-UTR was successfully identified and the sequence consistency rate with NCBI reached 99%. In cells，miR-7-5p and siRNA1，2 can interfere with the expression of ECSIT. Conclusion：These results shows that the 3′-UTR sequence of mouse ECSIT mRNA was successfully identified and this non-coding region can be used as a regulatory region of non-coding RNA，which can provide a scientific basis at the molecular level for further proving research of ECSIT in mouse growth and pathophysiological condition.

Abstract:Objective：To construct a luciferase reporter plasmid for human asthma-related sine oculis homeobox homolog 1（Six1）promoter fragment，predict the potential transcription factor binding sites，and to study the effect of E2F transcription factor 4（E2F4）on Six1. Methods：Six1 promoter fragment（-351~+100 nt）was synthesized and inserted into the luciferase reporter gene vector pGL3-basic，the activity of recombinant plasmid pSix1-451 in HEK-293 and BEAS-2B cells was measured by dual luciferase reporter gene assay，and the potential transcriptional binding sites were predicted by bioinformatics methods. Then pSix1-451 and siE2F4 or E2F4 overexpression plasmids were co-transfected into HEK-293 and BEAS-2B cells，the luciferase activity was measured to determine the role of E2F4 in Six1 gene transcription. The effects of knockdown and overexpression of E2F4 on Six1 gene expression were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting experiments. Results：The luciferase reporter plasmid of human Six1 promoter fragment was successfully constructed，and its activity was verified. The fragment contained transcription factor binding sites，such as E2F4. The regulatory effect of E2F4 on Six1 was verified. Conclusion：The transcription factor E2F4 positively promotes the expression of human asthma-related gene Six1.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to establish Nudt3 knockout mouse model. Methods：According to the principle of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing technology，two gRNAs were separately designed at the exon 2 and the region between the exon 2 and the exon 3 of the Nudt3，and germline chimeric mice were constructed by microinjection of early embryos，from which suitable gene knockout mice were screened. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to verify the expression of Nudt3 at mRNA and protein levels. Results：We obtained gene editing mice of F0 generation with high efficiency，heterozygous mice of F1 generation and homozygous mice of F2 generation through breeding. The Western blot results showed that there was no expression of NUDT3 in several metabolic regulatory tissues of F2 generation homozygous mice. Conclusion：Nudt3-knockout mice are successfully constructed，this provides an ideal animal model for further metabolic phenotype analysis and mechanism study.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate whether miR-16 affected the biological function and anti-tumor activity of natural killer（NK）cells by regulating NKG2D expression. Methods：The control mice and miR-16/15a-/- mice were subcutaneously injected with MC38 cells to prepare the colon cancer tumor model，and the growth of transplanted colon cancer in miR-16/15a-/- mice and control mice were observed. Then，the transcription level of miR-16 in NK1.1+NKG2D+ cells and NK1.1+NKG2D- cells was compared under physiological or tumor-bearing conditions in wild-type mice. Finally，in comparison with wild-type mice，we analyzed NKG2D expression，interferon-γ（IFN-γ） production and cytotoxicity of NK cells in miR-16/15a-/- mice. Results：Compared with the control mice，the growth of MC38 transplanted tumor was significantly inhibited in miR-16/15a-/- mice. The transcription level of miR-16 in NK1.1+ NKG2D+ cells was significantly lower than that in NK1.1+NKG2D- cells in normal mice，while there was no significant difference between the two groups in tumor-bearing mice. Compared with the control mice，NK1.1+NKG2D+ cell frequency and NK cell activity did not change significantly in miR-16/15a-/- mice. Conclusion：MiR-16/15a knockout inhibited the growth of MC38 transplanted tumor，while the ratio and function of NK cells in miR-16/15a knockout mice and the activity of NK cells in the tumor-bearing state did not significantly change，suggesting that miR-16/15a dificiency does not inhibit the growth of MC38 transplanted tumor though NK cells.

Abstract:Objective：To explore whether the cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2（cell-cycle checkpoint kinase 2，Chk2）knockout could alleviate the brain aging phenotype of B cell-specific MLV integration site-1（B cell-specific MLV integration site-1，Bmi-1）deficiency mice. Methods：The two-month-old of Bmi-1 gene knockout（Bmi-1-/-）mice，Chk2 gene knockout（Chk2-/-）mice，Bmi-1 and Chk2 double knockout（Bmi-1-/-Chk2-/-）mice and wild type（wild type，WT）littermates were used in this study. The expression of NeuN，GFAP，Iba1 and p16 in the cerebral cortex，hippocampus and hypothalamus of the above four groups of mice were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of p16，SOD1 and SOD2 protein in the cerebral cortex of the above four groups were analyzed by Western blot. Results：Compared with the WT littermates，the percentages of NeuN and Iba1 positive cells in the above brain regions were significantly decreased，the percentage of GFAP and p16 positive cells were significantly increased，the protein expression levels of SOD1 and SOD2 were significantly decreased，and the protein expression levels of p16 were significantly increased in the Bmi-1-/- mice. However，in Chk2-/- mice，the percentages of NeuN and Iba1 positive cells were increased，the percentage of GFAP and p16 positive cells were significantly decreased，the protein expressions of SOD1 and SOD2 were significantly increased，and the protein expression of p16 were significantly decreased. Compared with the Bmi-1-/- mice，Chk2 knockout increased the percentage of NeuN and Iba1 positive cells in the above brain regions，decreased the percentage of GFAP and p16 positive cells，increased the protein expressions of SOD1 and SOD2，and decreased the protein expressions of p16 in the Bmi-1-/-Chk2-/- mice significantly. Conclusion：Chk2 knockout can attenuate the brain aging phenotype induced by Bmi-1 deficiency in mice by enhancing the antioxidant capacity.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor（TLR）/NF-κB signaling pathway in methamphetamine（METH）-induced primary microglial activation and inflammatory reaction. Methods：Primary microglial cells were isolated and cultured，then the purity of primary microglia was detected by immunofluorescence. Cells were treated with METH（300 μmol/L） for 0 min，15 min，30 min，1 h，3 h，6 h，12 h，and 24 h，and the activations of primary microglia and NF-κB pathway were detected by Western blot. The inflammatory factors（TNF-α，IL-1β，and IL-6）and TLR1-9，11 mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR. Results：The purity of primary microglial cells was above 95%. After exposure to METH，the primary microglia activation marker IBA-1 was increased and the NF-κB pathway was activated. In addition，the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors（TNF-α，IL-1β，IL-6） and TLR2，4-5，7-9，11 were significantly increased（P < 0.05），while the level of TLR1 mRNA was significantly reduced. Conclusion：METH can activate primary microglial cells and promote the release of inflammatory factors by regulating the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore，TLR can be potential targets for METH neuritis response intervention with certain therapeutic significance.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the role of growth differentiation factor 15（GDF15）in irradiation resistance of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BM-MSCs）and determine its underlying mechanism. Methods：The BM-MSCs were transfected with GDF15 siRNA using Lipofectamine 3000. After the irradiation of BM-MSCs with 9 Gy Co-60 γ-rays，the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry，CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation，and JC-1 was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential，immunofluorescence，quantitative real-time PCR（RT-qPCR）and Western blot were used to detect the expression of GDF15，and the key molecules in ERK/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Results：After irradiation，the expression of GDF15 was increased significantly. Interference of GDF15 had no significant effect on cell cycle，proliferation and apoptosis in no-irradiated BM-MSCs（P - 0.05）. Interference of GDF15 in BM-MSCs suffering form irradiation increased G2 phase arrest（P - 0.05），inhibited cell proliferation significantly（P - 0.01），and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Meanwhile，Caspase3 was activated and apoptosis was significantly increased（P - 0.05）. The phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 and the expression level of Bcl-2 in GDF15 interference cells decreased significantly，while the expression of Bax increased significantly. Conclusion：The up-regulated expression of GDF15-induces upon irradiation，and enhances irradiation resistance of BM-MSCs through the activation of ERK/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to investigate the effects of early postnatal hyperoxia exposure on ovalbumin（OVA）- induced bronchial asthma mice. Methods：Thirty-two female BALB/c pups were randomly assigned to four groups：Room Air-PBS group，Hyperoxia-PBS group，Room Air-OVA group，and Hyperoxia-OVA group，with 8 mice in each group. Mice in Hyperoxia-PBS group and Hyperoxia-OVA group were exposed to hyperoxia（FiO2 ≥ 95%）for 7 days，meanwhile mice in Room Air-PBS group and Room Air-OVA group were raised in room air（FiO2 = 21%）. After 7 days，the Hyperoxia-PBS group and Hyperoxia-OVA group were removed from hyperoxia and raised in the same environment with the Room Air-PBS group and the Room Air-OVA group. Mice in Room Air-OVA group and Hyperoxia-OVA group were given intraperitoneal injection of sensitization suspension［OVA 1 mg /mL + Al（OH）3］from d65. All the animals were sacrificed for bronchoalveolar lavage，and the lavage fluid was collected for leukocyte count. The levels of IL-5，IL-12，IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF）and IgE in serum were measured by ELISA. The lung tissue of mice in each group was analysis by histological staining for pathological changes. Results：The level of serum IgE in Hyperoxia-OVA group was significantly higher than that in Air -OVA group（P < 0.05）；The counts of eosinophils，lymphocytes and monocytes in BALF were increased（P < 0.05），the levels of IL-5 and IL-13 were increased，but the level of IL-12 was decreased（P < 0.05）；Inflammatory cells infiltration，bronchial stenosis，and airway wall thickening were observed，airway wall thickness area ratio was increased（P < 0.05），structural remodeling was obvious；radial alveolar count（RAC）was increased significantly（P < 0.05）in the Hyperoxia-OVA group. Conclusion：Early postnatal hyperoxia exposure can aggravate the airway inflammation of ovalbumin induced asthma mice，airway structure remodeling is obvious，but the lung injury is reduced.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression and role of long non-coding RNA LINC01197 in gastric cancer. Methods：The expression of LINC01197 in gastric cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues was analyzed based on GEPIA database. Human gastric epithelial cell line（GES-1）and different gastric cancer cell lines（SGC-7901，BGC-823，MGC-803，and AGS）were cultured respectively，and the expression of LINC01197 was examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR（qPCR）. Cell lines SGC-7901 and BGC-823 were transfected with short-hairpin RNA targeting LINC01197（shLINC01197），CCK-8 assays and colony formation assays were carried out to evaluate cell proliferation，transwell assays was performed to evaluate the capability of invasion and migration. Nude mice were implanted with SGC-7901 and BGC-823 subcutaneously to evaluate tumor cell growth in vivo. mRNA-seq assay was used to screen the differential expressed genes after LINC01197 knockdown. The expression of SERPINA1 was detected by qPCR and Western blot. Results：The expressions of LINC01197 in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines were higher than those in paracancerous tissues and GES-1 cells respectively（P < 0.05）. The cell proliferation，invasion and migration were significantly suppressed after LINC01197 knockdown in gastric cancer cell lines（P < 0.05）. The tumor growth in vivo was significantly inhibited after LIN01197 knockdown（P < 0.01）. The knockdown of LINC01197 substantially decreased the expression of SERPINA（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：LINC01197 was up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues compared to their paired paracancerous tissues and in gastric cancer cell lines compared to GES-1. Down-regulation of LINC01197 would inhibit cell proliferation，invasion and migration capability in gastric cancer cells through partly inhibiting the expression of SERPINA1.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the glucose metabolism characteristics of CD4+CD25+CD127low regulatory T cells（Treg）and CD4+CD25-CD127+ effector T cells（Teff）in growth environment of ovarian cancer cells. Methods：Fluorescence-activated cell sorting（FACS）separated CD4+ Treg cells and CD4+ Teff cells，then established a coculture system of human T cells with ovarian cancer cell SKOV3. The expression levels of glucose metabolism related genes and proteins were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（RT-PCR）and Western blot. The levels of glucose uptake and glycolysis were detected by colorimetry. Results：Compared with the CD4+ Treg cells in single culture without SKOV3 and CD4+ Teff cells，the expression levels of glucose metabolism related genes and proteins in CD4+ Treg cells cocultured with SKOV3 were elevated（P＜0.05）and the levels of glucose uptake and glycolysis were increased［（59.78±2.57）pmol vs.（44.93±1.86）pmol，P＜0.05；（15.31 ± 2.05）mmol/L vs.（7.98 ±0.88）mmol/L，P＜0.05］. Conclusion：The level of glucose metabolism in CD4+ Treg cells is higher than CD4+ Teff cells in ovarian cancer cell growth environment，ovarian cancer cells could promote the expression levels of glucose metabolism related genes and proteins in CD4+ Treg cells.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of geniposide on myocardial injury in type 1 diabetic mice. Methods：Thirty-two male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups：control group，type 1 diabetes group（STZ group），geniposide 25 mg/kg administration group（GE25 group），geniposide 50 mg/kg administration group（GE50 group）. The blood glucose and body weight levels of the mice were measured. HE and Masson staining were used to detect myocardial fibrosis，immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression levels of LC3B，P62，CollagenⅠand Collagen Ⅲ. H9C2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups：negative control group（NC），high glucose group（HG），HG + geniposide group（HG+GE），and HG+GE+ Compound C group（HG+GE+CC）. Western blot was conducted to detect the protein expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ，P62，Beclin1，p-AMPK，AMPK，mTOR and p-mTOR and the protein expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins BAX，BCL2，Caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase3. Results：Compared with the STZ group，the geniposide treated groups（GE25 group and GE50 group）can significantly reduce blood glucose（P < 0.01），increase the body weight（P < 0.01），reduce abnormal myocardial structure and collagen deposition（P < 0.01）in mice. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that the protein expression levels of LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ，Beclin1 and p-AMPK/AMPK decreased，and the protein expression levels of CollagenⅠ，Collagen Ⅲ，P62，p-mTOR/mTOR，BAX/BCL2 and Cleaved-caspase 3/Caspase 3 increased in the STZ group. The administration of geniposide 25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg reversed these changes. In cell experiments，geniposide pretreatment activated AMPK（increased p-AMPK/AMPK ratio）and autophagy activity（increased LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ，decreased expression of P62），and this effect was blocked by AMPK inhibitor Compound C. Conclusion：Geniposide can improve myocardial injury and reduce myocardial fibrosis in type 1 diabetic mice. The mechanism may be related to the activation of AMPK-mediated autophagy.

Abstract:Objective：Applied mast cell stabilizers to investigate the role of central nervous system（CNS） mast cells in lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced liver inflammation. Methods：Stabilized brain mast cells by site-directed injection of cromolyn in rat right hypothalamus using stereotaxic techniques in vivo. Liver histopathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α），interleukin 6（IL-6），thyroid-stimulating hormone（TSH），triiodothyronine（T3），and thyroxine（T4）were measured with commercial ELISA kits. Cell signaling proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Results：LPS administration induced increase of serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels，liver pathology and mitogen activated protein kinases（MAPK），serine-threonine kinase（AKT），and nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB）signaling activation. Furthermore，stabilization of CNS mast cells can ameliorate LPS-induced liver inflammation and MAPK，AKT，and NF-κB signaling pathway activation in vivo. Stabilization of CNS mast cells also alleviated LPS-induced decrease of TSH and T3 levels，and increase of T4 level in the peripheral blood and brain hypothalamus. Conclusion：Stabilization of CNS mast cells can delay the pathogenesis of LPS-induced liver inflammation，which is participated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.

Abstract:Objective：To prepare a novel magnesium alloy stent using 3D printing and investigate its microstructure and in vitro degradation performance. Methods：Magics software was applied to design a cylinder 3D model，on the basis of which，3D-printed magnesium alloy（3D-AZ91）specimens were prepared with AZ91 magnesium alloy powder via an additive manufacturing technology. Then，metallographic structures of 3D-AZ91 and casting magnesium alloy（AZ31）specimens were observed. Surface elements and crystal phase structure were analyzed by EDX and XRD，respectively. Vickers hardness values were tested. After that，the polylactic acid（PLA）was coated on the surface of 3D-AZ91 to make the composite material specimen（PLA-3D-AZ91）. The degradation experiment was performed，and the in vitro degradation properties of three different specimens were measured by observing hydrogen evolution and calculating weight loss rate. The surface morphology of 3D-AZ91 and AZ31 specimens after degradation was evaluated by the scanning electron microscopy. The elemental compositions of the surface degradation products were examined by EDX. Results：Metallographic observation showed more obvious grain refinement in 3D-AZ91 than in AZ31. Mg was main surface element and α-Mg matrix was main crystal phase for both of them. The Vickers hardness of 3D-AZ91 was significantly higher than that of AZ31. The degradation rates were as follows：3D-AZ91＞AZ31＞PLA-3D-AZ91. The surfaces of 3D-AZ91 and AZ31 were covered with irregular agglomerate degradation products，which contained magnesium，calcium，phosphorus and other elements. Conclusion：Compare with the traditional casting method，3D-printed magnesium alloy possesses better mechanical property. What’s more，its degradation rate can be effectively improved by the PLA surface coating.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor β1（TGF-β1）in serum and chordae tendineae tissue of patients with mitral valve chordae tendineae rupture，and to provide a basis for further understanding the promoting effect of TGF-β1 on mitral valve chordae tendineae lesion. Methods：20 patients with mitral chordae tendineae rupture admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from May 2020 to December 2020 were selected as experimental group，and healthy examinees of the corresponding period were selected as normal group. Serum TGF-β1，clinical laboratory data and cardiac ultrasound data of all subjects were analyzed. Meanwhile，the ruptured mitral valve chordae in the experimental group and normal mitral tendinous chordae from 8 heart transplant recipients were collected during operation for immunohistochemical and electron microscope analysis. Results：The level of serum TGF-β1 in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group（P < 0.05）. The left atrial diameter（LAD）and left ventricular end diastolic diameter（LVEDd） in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P < 0.01）. Immunohistochemistry showed high expression of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）in the ruptured chordae tendineae tissues. Scanning electron microscopy showed disordered arrangement of collagen fiber bundles in the ruptured chordae tendineae tissues. The loose layer（outer layer）was obviously thickened，stratified and broken end，and the dense layer（inner layer）had obvious cracks. Conclusion：TGF-β1 is highly expressed in the serum and ruptured chordae tendineae tissues of patients with mitral chordae tendineae rupture. It is suggested that it may be closely related to the occurrence and development of mitral chordae tendineae rupture.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the effects of lamina replantation after unilateral laminectomy operational on the prognosis of patients with intraspinal tumors，and to establish nomogram models for prediction of prognosis. Method：The clinical data of 220 patients with intraspinal tumors treated by unilateral laminectomy were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into experimental group and control group according to whether the isolated bone was reset in situ or not. Operation time，intraoperative blood loss，complications after operation，neurological function of spinal cord and spinal stability were compared. Generalized additive model was used to establish prediction models for prognosis of patients by fitting the relationship between the outcome variables and baseline indicators. Results：One year after operation，the improvement rate of spinal cord function and clinical symptoms in the experimental group was better than those in the control group（P=0.008 and P < 0.001）. Patients receiving a lower cervical laminectomy or a single segment laminectomy suffered more blood loss if conducting a lamina reposition（P=0.027 and P=0.001），while patients underwent a thoracic laminectomy or double segments laminectomy showed less blood loss when a lamina reposition conducted（P=0.003 and P < 0.001）. The prediction models of McCormick score < 3，improvement of McCormick score，and spinal deformation in one year after operation were established. The specificity，sensitivity and accuracy of the models were 0.921，0.838 and 0.546，0.526，0.576 and 0.906，0.870，0.836 and 0.798，respectively. Conclusion：Lamina reposition after unilateral laminectomy for intraspinal tumors helps to improve spinal cord function and reduce complications. Lamina reposition is not recommended when operational exposure happens on a single segment vertebra or in the lower cervical lamina，but recommended when unilateral laminectomy happens on two segments vertebra or cervical vertebra.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the risk factors of early neurological deterioration（END）in patients with acute minor ischemic stroke，and to construct a nomogram model of END. Methods：From April 2015 to June 2018，the clinical data of the patients with acute minor ischemic stroke in Nanjing First Hospital and Nantong Third People’s Hospital were prospectively collected. Demographics and baseline clinical data were compared between the END group and the non-END group. We used the multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors for END. Based on these independent factors，we constructed the nomogram of END in patients with acute minor ischemic stroke. Results：A total of 507 patients were enrolled in the study. The age（P=0.001），atrial fibrillation（P=0.001），ischemic heart disease history（P=0.010），baseline NIHSS（P=0.023），fasting blood glucose levels（P=0.001）and hypersensitivity C-reactive protein levels（P=0.006）in the END group were significantly higher than those in the non-END group，and drinking history（P=0.042）as well as the albumin levels（P=0.001）were significantly lower than those in the non-END group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age［odds ratio（OR）1.031，95% confidence interval（95% CI）1.008~1.054；P=0.007］，atrial fibrillation（OR=4.349，95%CI：1.932 ~9.792；P=0.001），baseline NIHSS（OR=1.219，95%CI：1.021~1.455；P=0.029），fasting blood glucose（OR=1.199，95%CI：1.083~1.328；P=0.001），high sensitivity C-reactive protein（OR=1.069，95%CI：1.027~1.113；P=0.001），albumin（OR=0.826，95%CI：0.733~0.930；P=0.002）were the independent risk factors for END. Based on the independent risk factors，a nomogram model was constructed，and the consistency index was 0.736（95%CI：0.677~0.796，P < 0.001）. Conclusion：This nomogram has a certain predictive value for END in patients with mild acute ischemic stroke.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effect of high-risk factors on infliximab（IFX）efficacy in patients with Crohn’s disease（CD）. Methods：Sixty-one patients with CD who received IFX treatment（09/2012-05/2019）were recruited. We performed a retrospective study comparing IFX efficacy in patients with one（group 1），two（group 2）and more than two high-risk factors（group 3）. Patients were also subdivided according to extensive intestine lesions and perianal lesions. The rate of clinical response/mucosal healing was used as evaluation index. Results：At week 2 and week 6，group 1 achieved higher clinical response rate than group 2 and group 3（P < 0.05），while the clinical response rate at week 14 and the mucosal healing rate at week 38 among groups were not significantly different. Patients without extensive intestine lesions achieved higher clinical response rate than those with extensive intestine lesions at week 2（P=0.013）and week 6（P=0.021），while the clinical response rate at week 14 and the mucosal healing rate at week 38 were not significantly different between groups with extensive intestine lesions or not（P > 0.05）. Patients with perianal lesions or not had no significant difference on the clinical response rate and mucosal healing rate after treatment（P > 0.05）. Conclusion：Patients with fewer high-risk factors may achieve clinical response earlier，but high-risk factors may not affect the final clinical response and mucosal healing rate in patients with CD.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the value of quantitative analysis from spectral CT imaging and radiomics analysis from iodine overlay maps in differentiating inflammatory and malignant pulmonary lesions. Methods：A total of 123 patients with solitary pulmonary nodules underwent contrast enhanced spectral CT scan in arterial phase were divided into two groups（38 cases in inflammatory group and 85 cases in malignant group）. The gemstone spectral imaging（GSI）viewer was used for image display and data analysis. The parameters，including CT value on 70 keV and 40 keV monochromatic images，slope of spectrum energy curve（λ），iodine concentration（IC），effective-Z（Zeff）value，normalized iodine concentration（NIC），normalized effective-Z（NZeff）value and the maximum diameter of lesion（D）were measured. After the multivariate logistic regression analysis，the individual diagnostic performance of independent factor was compared by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. Radiomics features were extracted from manually segmented ROIs. Patients were randomized devided into training or test set in a ratio of 7∶3. Pearson’s correlation and recursive feature elimination（RFE）were used to select features. A radiomics-based predictive model using linear discriminant analysis was developed and calibrated with fivefold cross-validation. ROC curve was generated to assess the diagnostic performance. Results：CT value on 40 keV monochromatic image，λ100-70 keV，λ70-40 keV，λ100-40 keV，IC，NIC，Zeff，NZeff and D showed significant differences between inflammatory and malignant lesions（P < 0.05）. NIC was an independent factor based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis（P < 0.001）. The area under the curve（AUC）value of NIC was 0.728. Ten radiomic features were selected for predicting malignant lesions. The AUC value of model（0.843）was significantly higher than NIC（P=0.034）. Conclusion：Spectral CT with GSI mode helps to identify inflammatory and malignant pulmonary lesions. The radiomics-based predictive model provides a more promising tool for differentiating.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the radiographic characteristics of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis（OMS）using cone-beam computed tomography（CBCT）images. Methods：CBCT data of 196 patients with OMS was collected，and was analyzed using NNT software. The etiologies of OMS and the situations of the etiologic teeth/roots were assessed，including the relationship between the radiographic periapical lesion or periodontal disease and the maxillary sinus floor（MSF），the previous endodontic therapy quality of the etiologic tooth/root，the integrity of the MSF and mucosal thickening. The maximum mucosal thickness and the minimum MSF thickness were measured. Results：Periapical lesion was the most important risk factor related to sinus mucosal thickening. Molars were 5.21 times more likely to be involved than premolars，whereas maxillary first molars（MFMs）were significantly higher than second molars（MSMs）to be involved（P < 0.05）. Mesiobuccal（23.37%）and palatal roots（20.31%）of MFM were the common etiologic roots associated with OMS. The mean maximum mucosal thickness showed significant differences between destroyed and not destroyed MSF（P < 0.05）. The correlation between inadequate endodontic treatment and OMS was closest，especially poor clean and obturation（35.25%）and missed canals（31.15%）. Of the missed root canals，44.74% were the second mesiobuccal root canals of MFM. Conclusion：Adequate root canal treatment for effective control of apical infection and the protection of the MSF integrity are important factors for reducing the occurrence of OMS.

Abstract:Objective：To understand the infection status and risk factors of syphilis among male drug addicts in a compulsory isolation detoxification center in Jiangsu Province. Methods：A cross-sectional survey was conducted among male drug addicts in a compulsory isolation detoxification center in Jiangsu Province from June to August 2018. The antibodies were detected by the syphilis particle agglutination test，and the basic information，drug abuse and sexual behavior were investigated using a questionnaire. Results：Among 790 people，133 cases of syphilis antibody were found to be positive. The syphilis infection rate was 16.8%. The average age of syphilis group（P < 0.001）and the average age of starting drug use（P=0.002）were higher than those of non-syphilis group. There was a difference in sexual partner between the two groups（P=0.044）；multivariate analysis showed that the average age of syphilis group（P < 0.001）and the average age of starting drug use（P=0.002）were higher than those of non-syphilis group. There was a difference in sexual partner between the two groups（P=0.044）；multivariate analysis showed that longer years of drug use（OR=1.04，95% CI：1.00~1.07）and temporary sexual partners（OR=1.90，95%CI：1.18~3.05）were risk factors for syphilis infection in this population. Conclusion：The syphilis infection rate is high in this population. It is associated with longer years of drug use and unsafe sexual behavior.

Abstract:Immunotherapy has been playing an important role in the treatment strategy of lung cancer，among which PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a research hotspot in this field. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can reactivate the host’s antitumor immune response by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Numerous clinical studies have shown that it can significantly improve the clinical endpoint of multiple types of cancers，including lung cancer. Based on the results of various clinical studies，there are four PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors -- Pembrolizumab，Nivolumab，Atezolizumab，and Durvalumab have been approved by the FDA for the first-line，second-line or consolidation treatment of non-small cell lung cancer or small cell lung cancer. This article reviews the progress of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in clinical trials of lung cancer，including the efficacy，safety and predictive biomarkers of single or combined drugs，in order to provide evidence for the clinical application of lung cancer immunotherapy.

Abstract:Coronavirus（CoV）is a positive-stranded RNA virus that can infect humans and animals. The maximum RNA genome length in the virus is 32 kb，which can be divided into four categories：α，β，γ，and δ. Coronavirus particles contain four standard structural proteins：E（envelope protein），M（membrane protein），N（nucleocapsid protein），and S（spike protein）. The S protein contains both a receptor-binding domain（RBD）and a fusion-related domain，making it a key protein in the process of CoV entry. This article mainly describes the main structure and domains of the S protein，as well as the autohydrolytic cleavage and conformational changes of the protein during the virus invading host cells. The relevant neutralizing antibodies of the protein and the current research status of inactivated vaccines and subunit vaccine as well as RNA vaccines of CoV，especially SARS-CoV-2，are introduced.