Abstract:Objective：Establishing the F9 gene knockout cell lines of porcine fetal fibroblasts（PFFs） of Bama minipig by CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology provides raw materials for the subsequent construction of Bama minipig models of hemophilia B. Methods： Firstly，we analyzed the homology of human and pig F9 gene and the similarity of the secondary and tertiary structure of human and pig FⅨ by bioinformatics method. Secondly，we selected the second exon of pig F9 gene as the targeting region and used online tools（http：//www.e-crisp.org/E-CRISP/designcrispr. html） to design sgRNA. The pX330 plasmid is used as the backbone to construct targeting vectors，which were then co-transfected with a G418 resistant plasmid into the PFFs of wild Bama miniature pigs. The G418 resistant single-cell colonies were obtained and sequenced. Results：Bioinformatics analysis showed that the F9 gene of human and pig had a close phylogenetic distance. The similarity value of the amino acid sequence of FⅨ and the root mean square deviation（RMSD） value of the three-dimensional structure was 83.33% and 0.149，respectively. A total of 55 resistant single-cell colonies were obtained by G418 screening. Twenty-five single-cell colonies bearing mutations in the F9 gene targeting region have been identified by sanger sequencing， indicating the knockout efficiency was 45.5%. Conclusion：The human and pig F9 genes have a high degree of homology. The constructed Cas9/sgRNA expression vectors can efficiently induce mutagenesis in the pig F9 gene. The F9 gene knockout PFF lays an essential foundation for the construction of Bama minipig model of hemophilia B.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of ras responsive element binding protein 1（RREB1） on mesangial cell proliferation induced by transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1）. Methods：Mesangial cells were cultured in vitro，and transfected with TGF-β1 and RREB1-siRNA. The proliferation activity of mesangial cells were detected by CCK-8. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA），α-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA） and RREB1 mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. The expression levels of PCNA，α-SMA and RREB1 proteins were detected by Western blot. Cell cycles of mesangial cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results： Compared with the control group， proliferation activity of mesangial cells in the TGF-β1 group was significantly increased（P < 0.01）. The mRNA and protein levels of PCNA，α-SMA and RREB1 levels in cells were significantly increased（P < 0.01）. The cell cycle indicated that the percentage of S phase cells increased and the percentage of G1 phase cells decreased（P < 0.01）. In RREB1-siRNA+TGF-β1 group，proliferation activity of mesangial cells was significantly decreased compared with TGF-β1 group（P < 0.01）. The expressions of PCNA，α-SMA and RREB1 levels in cells were significantly decreased（P < 0.01）. The cell cycle indicated that the percentage of S phase cells decreased and the percentage of G1 phase cells increased（P < 0.01）. Conclusion：TGF-β1 induces mesangial cells proliferation by up-regulating RREB1 expression.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression of miR-296-5p in plasma exosomes of db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy（DN） and explore its role in Snail1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Methods：The plasma of 12 12-week-old db/db mice（Model group） and 12 12-week-old db/m mice（Control group） were collected successively，and plasma exosomal RNA was extracted and sequenced. The differential miRNAs targeting Snail1 were summarized by bioinformatics software. Exosomes were identified with transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analyzer. The objective miRNA was obtained by screening using kidney tissues and plasma exosomes in db/db mice. The targeting relationship between miR-296-5p and Snail1 was verified by double luciferase experiment. The expression of Snail1，E-cadherin（E-cadherin），and α-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA） were detected in kidney tissues of db/db mice and db/m mice by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results：The miR-296-5p was significantly down-regulated in plasma exosomes and kidney of db/db mice，respectively（P=0.011；P=0.001）. The miR-296-5p and Snail1 showed a targeted negative regulation relationship in double luciferase experiment. The gene and protein expression of Snail1 in kidney tissue of db/db mice increased significantly respectively（P < 0.001；P=0.005）. However，the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin decreased significantly（P=0.012；P=0.020），while the mRNA expression of α-SMA up-regulated（P=0.042）. Conclusion：The expression of miR-296-5p is down-regulated in plasma exosomes of db/db mice，which may be delivered to renal tubular epithelial cells by plasma exosomes，targeting up-regulated expression of Snail1，and inducing EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells and accelerating renal interstitial fibrosis of DN.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the effects of different levels of reactive oxygen species（ROS） and oxidative stress on cell proliferation，apoptosis，cycle in the renal tubular epithelial model of sepsis，and to explore whether oxidative stress and mitochondrial-Caspase pathway can be used as the therapeutic target of sepsis renal tubular epithelial injury. Methods：Human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide（LPS） at a final concentration of 10 μg/mL for 12 h to establish a sepsis cell model. The sepsis cell model was randomly divided into H2O2 group（H2O2，300 μmol/L），Caspase inhibitor group（Ac-DEVD-CHO，15 μmol/L），Caspase inhibitor+H2O2 group（H2O2，300 μmol/L+Ac-DEVD-CHO，15 μmol/L） and negative control group（no treatment）. Normal cultured HK-2 cells were taken as the blank control group. the expression of Cleaved-Caspase-3 and Cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase（PARP） protein were detected by Western blot， cell proliferation was detected by MTT，cell ROS levels，apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometr. Results：The ROS， apoptosis rate，Cleaved-Caspase 3 and Cleaved-PARP level，the proportion of G1 cells in negative control group were all higher than those in blank control group（all P <0.05），the proliferation rate was lower than that of blank control group（P < 0.05）. The ROS，apoptosis rate，Cleaved-Caspase 3 and Cleaved-PARP level， the proportion of G1 cells in H2O2 group were all higher than those of negative control group（all P <0.05），the proliferation rate was lower than that of negative control group（P <0.05）. The ROS，apoptosis rate，Cleaved-Caspase 3 and Cleaved-PARP levels，the proportion of G1 cells in Caspase inhibitor+H2O2 group were all lower than those of H2O2 group（all P < 0.05），but were all higher than negative control group（P < 0.05），the proliferation rate was higher than that of H2O2 group（P < 0.05），but still lower than that of negative control group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：The oxidative stress level of sepsis cell model is abnormally upregulated. Excessive ROS can inhibit the proliferation of septic renal tubular epithelial cells， promote cell apoptosis and cause cell cycle G1 block through the mitochondrial-Caspase pathway. Inhibition of Caspase has a certain protective effect on renal tubular epithelial cell injury in sepsis caused by ROS.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the differences of lncRNA in cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs） in osteoporotic model rats and the functions of the lncRNA. Methods：Twelve SD rats were equally divided into the osteoporosis model group and the control group. The osteoporosis model was made by ovariectomy. Bone mineral density（BMD） in ovariectomized rats and sham control were determined by dual-energy X-ray bone mineral density detector. BMSCs from femur bone marrow were cultured in vitro. The different expression of lncRNA in BMSCs of osteoporosis model（n=3） and control group（n=3） was detected by gene chip technology, and the different biological functions of lncRNA and related signaling pathway were analyzed by GO function analysis and the KEGG enrichment. Results：BMD in osteoporosis model rats［（157.33±6.28）mg/cm2］，was lower than the control group rats［（183.33±4.50）mg/cm2］ significantly（P < 0.05）. A total of 32 759 gene fragments were detected in BMSCs in the osteoporosis model group and the control group, and 8 454 lncRNA gene fragments had significant difference（P < 0.05），among which 3 593 were up-regulated and 4 861 were down-regulated in osteoporosis model group. Totally 4 992 lncRNA gene fragments were detected，and there were significant differences in 116 lncRNA gene fragments in BMSCs of osteoporosis model rats，with 35 increased and 81 decreased. Differential lncRNAs are mainly involved in the biological process of cell growth and development，and regulate protein transport pathways. Conclusion：There were differences in the expression of lncRNA in BMSCs between osteoporosis model rats and normal rats, and the differentially expressed lncRNA involved in the regulation of BMSCs growth and development process or protein transport pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the mechanism of XuDuan in the treatment of osteoporosis（OP）. Methods：The pharmacokinetic characteristics were used as the standard to obtain the active components of the XuDuan and predict the target of the relevant active components through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database（TCMSP），and the targets of osteoporosis obtained from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases were intersected to screen out potential targets for the treatment of osteoporosis by XuDuan. Using the String database and Cytoscape software，we built a drug-active ingredient-osteoporosis-potential target network and a protein-protein interaction network between potential targets. Then，the gene ontology（GO） biological function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Gnomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment of potential targets were analyzed through the Enrichr databases. At last，molecular docking of the active ingredients of XuDuan with important target proteins was verified by AutoDock Vina software. Results：A total of 8 XuDuan active compounds were screened while 53 related targets were obtained by using the related target prediction technique. Also mapping with disease targets，14 XuDuan-OP disease intersection targets were sifted. Enrichment analysis shows that XuDuan can regulate the development of OP through multiple mainstream signal pathways and cellular metabolic processes. At last，high molecular docking scores between active components and targets were obtained. Conclusion：In addition to directly acting on bone metabolism-related pathways，XuDuan is also involved in regulating multiple upstream and downstream signaling pathways，thereby intervening in the progress of OP.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the differential diagnosis value of serum complement C3 in adult-onset Still’s disease（AOSD）and sepsis. Methods：A total of 58 patients with AOSD and 50 patients with sepsis were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2016 to 2019，and 50 physical examinees were selected as health control. Serum complement C3 levels in the three groups were detected, and differences in other laboratory indicators were compared between AOSD patients and sepsis patients. Univariate and multivariate factors were used to analyze the relationship between each variable and the occurrence of AOSD. ROC curve was used to explore the diagnostic efficacy of complement C3 and serum ferritin levels in AOSD and sepsis. Results：C3 level in AOSD group（1.49±0.24）g/L is significantly higher than that in sepsis group（1.00±0.37）g/L，there were statistical significance in the high density lipoprotein cholesterol，ferritin，C3 between two groups. In multivariate analysis，ferritin≥472.20 ng/mL（OR=56.97，95%CI：2.22~1 463.44，P < 0.05），C3≥1.20 g/L（OR=27.80，95%CI：3.22~240.28，P < 0.01） and high density lipoprotein cholesterol≥0.82 mmol/L（OR=13.34，95%CI：1.01~176.29，P < 0.05） were independently related with AOSD. The area under the curve（AUC） of serum C3 in the differential diagnosis of AOSD and sepsis was 0.81（95% CI：0.63~1.00），and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.90 and 0.73 when C3 critical value was 1.21，which reached the maximum diagnostic efficacy. However，when C3 combined with ferritin was used for differential diagnosis，the AUC was 0.86（95%CI：0.75~0.96）. Conclusion：Serum C3 can be used as a differential diagnostic index of AOSD and sepsis，and has clinical value in the diagnosis of AOSD.

Abstract:Objective：The aim of this study was to evaluate thrombi composition and its association with clinical，laboratory，and neurointerventional findings in patients with acute ischemic stoke（AIS） treated by mechanical thrombectomy（MT）. Methods：Seventy patients were treated by mechanical thrombectomy using a stent retriever and/or aspiration catheter between August 2018 and December 2019 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The retrieved thrombi were quantitatively analyzed to quantify red blood cells，white blood cells，and fibrin by area. We divided the patients into two groups，the fibrin-rich group and the erythrocyte-rich group which were based on the predominant composition in the thrombi. The groups were compared for clinical，and neuro-interventional data. Results：The retrieved thrombi from 49 patients with acute stroke from internal carotid artery，middle cerebral artery，or basilar artery occlusion were histologically analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE）. Erythrocyte-rich thrombi were present in 30 cases，while fibrin-rich thrombi were present in 19 cases. A cardioembolic etiology was not significantly more prevalent among the patients with fibrin-rich thrombi than among those with erythrocyte-rich thrombi. All other clinical and laboratory characteristics remained the same. Patients with fibrin-rich thrombi had a shorter time interval between arrival and recanalization ［（68.42±29.99）min vs. （87.07±37.29）min，P=0.04）］，and less procedure times（1.63 vs. 2.20，P=0.04）. The proportion of stent retriever combined aspiration as first-line thrombectomy strategy in fibrin-rich thrombi group was higher than in erythrocyte-rich group（84.21% vs. 56.67%，P=0.03）. Conclusion：Fibrin-rich thrombi may influence the thrombectomy strategy and be associated with stent retriever combined aspiration thrombectomy strategy，reduced recanalizational time and procedure times.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to investigate the correlation between cytogenetic detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH）and the patients’ clinical features in chronic lymphocytic leukemia（CLL），to analyze the prognostic value. Methods：Total 74 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients were collected in Nantong University Affiliated Hospital from June 2013 to October 2020，with 74 cases of newly diagnosed patients，43 males and 31 females. The clinical characteristics of patients，laboratory tests，bone marrow smear results，immunological typing results，FISH results and other information were collected. The correlation between cytogenetic abnormalities and gender，age，the clinical Binet staging，Rai staging and the related laboratory examinations ［including peripheral blood lymphocyte absolute count，hemoglobin，platelets，lactate dehydrogenase（LDH），β2-microglobulin（β2-MG）］were analyzed. Results：①Cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 56 of 74 CLL patients（75.68%）. ②There was no significant relationship among the cytogenetic abnormalities and the sex，age，peripheral blood lymphocytes，hemoglobin，platelet，β2-MG，LDH expression level（P > 0.05）. ③In the case of Binet stage，chromosome 12（+12） was only detected in stage B and stage C，and the differences were statistically significant（χ2=4.696，P=0.041）. The survival time of group C was significantly shorter than that of group A and group B（χ2=14.242，P=0.001）. In the modified Rai stage，the deletion of ATM gene were only detected in the high risk group，and this distribution had statistical differences（χ2=5.40，P < 0.001）. The survival time of the high risk group was shorter than that in the low and medium risk group（χ2=12.393，P < 0.001）. The survival time of CLL patients with simple del（13q） karyotype abnormality was significantly longer than that of patients with complex karyotype（χ2=8.138，P=0.017）. Conclusion：CLL is an inert disease，but its disease progression and clinical prognosis are highly heterogeneous. FISH test results combined with disease clinical staging can better predict the prognosis.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-23a and miR-27a combined with carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） in the diagnosis of patients with colorectal cancer（CRC）. Methods：The expression of miR-23a and miR-27a in GES25609 from GEO database was analyzed. From January 2014 to December 2018，100 CRC patients who were treated in the Affiliated Nanjin Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were collected as CRC group，and 100 healthy people who were examined in Nanjing First Hospital during the same period as control group. The clinical data of subjects were analyzed，and the relative expression levels of serum miR-23a and miR-27a were detected by qRT-PCR. The relationship between serum miR-23a and miR-27a and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with CRC was analyzed，and ROC curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of miR-23a，miR-27a combined with CEA in CRC. Results：MiR-23a and miR-27a in GSE25609 were significantly increased in the serum of CRC patients. The clinical samples further confirmed that the expression level of miR-23a and miR-27a in serum of CRC patients was significantly higher than that of healthy people（P < 0.05）. The expression of miR-23a and miR-27a in CRC patients was closely associated with T stage，lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The AUC was 0.921（95% CI：0.879-0.962）（P < 0.001），the sensitivity was 86%，and the specificity was 94%. Conclusion：The high expression of miR-23a and miR-27a in the serum of CRC patients is closely related to the T stage，lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of CRC patients. The combination of miR-23a，miR-27a and CEA could significantly improve the diagnosis efficiency of CRC.

Abstract:Objective：To reveal the diagnostic value of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist（IL-1ra），chemokine I-TAC/CXCL11 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α（MIP-1α） in cerebrospinal fluid（CSF） for neurosyphilis. Methods：From April 2018 to December 2019，50 patients with neurosyphilis and 50 patients with syphilis were selected as the research objects. Patients with neurosyphilis were given conventional symptomatic treatment and full treatment of syphilis. The IL-1ra，I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α in CSF were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） kit. The National Institutes of Health stroke scale（NIHSS） was used to evaluate the neurological function of patients. Results：Compared with patients with syphilis，the levels of IL-1ra，I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α in neurosyphilis patients were increased（P < 0.001）. Compared with early neurosyphilis patients，the level of IL-1ra in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with advanced neurosyphilis increased（P < 0.01）. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α in cerebrospinal fluid between early stage and late stage patients（P > 0.05）. The level of IL-1ra in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurosyphilis was significantly positively correlated with 1/serum rapid plasma regain（RPR） titer，CSF protein and CSF-WBC（P < 0.05）. Cerebrospinal fluid I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α levels were significantly positively correlated with 1/serum RPR titer and CSF protein（P < 0.05）. Compared with before treatment，the levels of IL-1ra，I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients after treatment decreased（P < 0.001）. The AUC，sensitivity and specificity of IL-1ra，I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α in cerebrospinal fluid for the combined diagnosis of neurosyphilis were 0.91，94.0% and 88.0%， respectively. Conclusion：IL-1ra，I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. They can be used as auxiliary diagnostic tools for neurosyphilis and monitoring the therapeutic effect of neurosyphilis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of female body mass index（BMI）on the outcomes of IVF/ICSI cycles after fresh embryo transfer. Methods：The data of 1 784 cycles，which were accomplished with single fresh embryo transfer in the first IVF/ICSI treatment，are analyzed retrospectively，the cycles were divided into four groups according to the recommended Chinese BMI cut-off：underweight（150 cycles，BMI<18.5 kg/m2），normal weight（1 098 cycles，18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2），overweight（437 cycles，24.0 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m2），obese（99 cycles，BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2），and the cycles were also subdivided into IVF and ICSI group by different insemination methods. We compared the number of oocytes，clinical pregnancy rates，implantation rates，live birth rates，miscarriage rates among the four groups，and also compared the fertilization rates and the high quality embryo rates among the subgroups. Results：The number of oocytes retrieved in the underweight group was significantly higher than those of the other three groups，and the number of oocytes retrieved in the obese group was significantly lower than those of the other three groups（P < 0.01）. The clinical pregnancy rate of overweight group was significantly lower than that of normal weight group，and the implantation rate of overweight group and obese group was significantly lower than that of normal weight group；the live birth and miscarriage rates in the four groups were no significant difference（P > 0.05）. There were no significant difference in fertilization rates and high quality embryo rates between the IVF subgroup and the ICSI subgroup（P > 0.05）. Conclusion：Female obesity has a significant negative effect on the outcomes of IVF/ICSI cycles. Compared with women with normal BMI，overweight and obese women decrease implantation rates after the fresh embryo transfer.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to explore the difference between hepatic-specific contrast agent（Gd-EOB-DTPA） and conventional contrast agent（Gd-DTPA） in predicting microvascular invasion（MVI） of hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） based on MR imaging features. Methods：A retrospective analysis of 253 patients with HCC who underwent surgical treatment from January 2010 to January 2019（121 cases in Gd-DTPA group and 132 cases in Gd-EOB-DTPA group） were carried out. The preoperative MR imaging features were evaluated，and MVI-prediction models were established through multi-factor logistic regression. Effectiveness and differences of the models were assessed with receiver operating characteristic curves and clinical decision curves. A postoperative survival analysis was also conducted. Results： Lesion size， border invasion in both Gd-DTPA and Gd-EOB-DTPA group， and satellite lesions in Gd-EOB-DTPA group， are independent risk factors for predicting MVI. The area under the curve（AUC） of two models were AUCGD-DTPA：0.761 and AUCGD-EOB-DTPA：0.791， respectively. The clinical decision curve shows that Gd-DTPA and Gd-EOB-DTPA have similar clinical benefits in predicting MVI. Survival analysis illustrated that there were significant difference on the average disease-free survival time between the MVI-positive group and the MVI-negative group not only confirmed by histopathology but also predicted by the models. Conclusion：Lesion size，border invasion and satellite lesions are independent risk factors for predicting MVI. The application of Gd-EOB-DTPA could not obtain more clinical benefits than Gd-DTPA in predicting MVI，but Gd-EOB-DTPA has a higher sensitivity.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound（US），contrast-enhanced ultrasound（CEUS） and MRI in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant calcified breast lesions. Methods：Sixty patients with calcified breast lesions were examined by US，CEUS and MRI. The characteristics of US and MRI images were analyzed and the corresponding BI-RADS classifications were performed to obtain US-BI-RADS and MRI-BI-RADS. The CEUS-BI-RADS classification was obtained according to the US-BI-RADS classification of breast lesions combined with CEUS image characteristics. BI-RADS 3 and 4A lesions were judged as benign and BI-RADS 4B and above lesions were judged as malignant， and histopathology was used as the gold standard to construct receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curves to assess and compare the diagnostic efficacy of the three imaging methods for benign and malignant breast calcified lesions. Results：The misdiagnosis rates of US-BI-RADS， MRI-US-RADS and CEUS-BI-RADS were 18.3%，15.0% and 8.3% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of CEUS-BI-RADS for lesions in 4A and 4B was higher than that of US-BI-RADS and MRI-BI-RADS. The specificity and Youden index of CEUS-BI-RADS（91.9%，0.832） were higher than those of US-BI-RADS（78.4%，0.654） and MRI-BI-RADS（83.8%，0.708），and the differences were statistically significant（P < 0.05 for all）.Conclusion：Both CEUS and MRI are of great value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant calcified breast lesions， and the diagnostic efficacy of CEUS is superior to that of MRI.

Abstract:Acute ischemic stroke（AIS） is characterized by high morbidity, disability and mortality. In recent years, mechanical thrombectomy has become the standard treatment for AIS with large vessel occlusion, which has also enabled us to collect and analyze the thrombus retrieved from cerebral arteries. Through understandings of the type, characteristics and composition of thrombus can not only extend our recognition of the composition of the thrombus, but also help to assist in accurate diagnosis, treatment decision making and secondary prevention of stroke. This paper aims to review AIS thrombus-relevant literature and propose further research directions.

Abstract:Objective：In recent years，the individualized therapy of breast cancer，especially in the metastatic stage，has been put into spotlight. Medication efficacy and survival time of metastasis breast cancer are varied due to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumor. Compared with the conventional methods such as tissue biopsy，circulating tumor cell（CTC）-based liquid biopsy could become a potential surrogate in precise medicine as blood is easily accessible in the peripheral vessels without an invasive procedure. A large number of studies have shown the advantages of CTC in early diagnosis，detection of minimal residual or relapsed disease，prediction of prognosis and drug resistance. In this review，we discussed the count and the molecular characteristic of CTC in metastasis breast cancer focused on the prognosis，efficacy evaluation and treatment decision.

Abstract:Autoimmune gastritis，induced by abnormal autoimmune reaction，has a complicated pathogenesis and unclarified etiologies. Recently，some new progresses have been made on the pathogenesis of autoimmune gastritis. This article briefly summarizes and describes the new advances of the pathogenesis observed in genetic susceptibility，immunemechanism，and Helicobacter pylori （Hp）infection. Autoimmune gastritis may be caused by multiple factors and genes. The discovery of genetic susceptibility, the change of immune regulation mechanism，HP infection and the lack of vitamin D bring new dawn to clarify the pathogenesis of autoimmune gastritis. Targeted therapy for Fas/FasL pathway，manipulation of Toll-like receptor signal and development of new therapies for cytokines are expected to inhibit inflammatory diseases. Eradication of HP and active supplementation of vitamin D can inhibit the occurrence and development of autoimmune gastritis.