Abstract:Objective：To investigate the mechanism of olaparib combined with enzalutamide in synergistically inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer cells. Methods：CCK -8 was used to determine the half -inhibitory concentrations of olaparib and enzalutamide in prostate cancer cell line C4-2，as well as the combined index of the two drugs. The effects of the combination of the two drugs on the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells were verified by in vitro proliferation，clone formation experiments and flow cytometry. The accumulation of double - strand damagewas observed by immunofluorescence. Next - generation high - throughput sequencing of prostate cancer cells treated with olaparib and enzalutamide in combination and alone was used to explore the mechanism of the synergistic effect of the two drugs. The mRNA and protein expression levels of key genes in the synergistic pathway were detected by qRT - PCR and Western blot. Results：The combination index showed that the combination of olaparib and enzalutamide had strong synergistic effects in prostate cancer cell line C4-2. Compared with the single drug，the combined use of the two drugs significantly inhibited cell proliferation and cell cloning ability. Flow cytometry showed that the combination of the two drugs significantly promoted cell apoptosis compared with the single drug. Immunofluorescence showed that the double - strand damagewas significantly increased after the combination of the two drugs. Analysis of the results of next -generation high -throughput sequencing showed that the combination of the two drugs led to the activation of apoptosis and other pathways. Through the detection of mRNA and protein，it was found that the combination of the two drugs would lead to the high expression of the pro-apoptotic genes TNFAIP2 and TNFAIP8L1，and the low expression of the anti - apoptotic gene TNFAIP8. Conclusion：Olaparib combined with enzalutamide can promote the expression of pro-apoptotic genes TNFAIP2 and TNFAIP8L1 and inhibit the expression of anti-apoptotic gene TNFAIP8 to synergistically promote cell apoptosis and inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells.

Abstract:Objective：We aimed to investigate the effects of a secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid(DCA)on the gastric microbial community in INS-GAS(Insulin-Gastrin)mice model of intestinal type gastric cancer. Methods：Ten 8-week-old male INS-GAS mice were randomly divided into two groups，one group was given 0.2% DCA drinking water，and the other group was given normal saline (NS)solvent. Another 5 male FVB/N wild -type mice in the same litter were given 0.2% DCA as a genotype control group. After 3 months of drinking water intervention，the gastric contents of each group were collected for 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing，and the relative abundance of gastric microbiota，α diversity，β diversity and significantly different species were analyzed. The gastric body and antrum mucosal tissues were isolated respectively，and the mRNA expressions of intestinal markers cdx2，klf5，vil1 and muc2 were detected by qRT-PCR. Results：Compared with the NS group，DCA treatment changed the dominant bacteria in the stomachs of INS- GAS mice，and the bacteria with the highest relative abundance on the level of genus changed from the Lactobacillus(61.93%)to the undefined Cyanobacteria genus（58.70%）. There were no remarkably differences in the abundance and diversity of gastric microflora between the two groups（ACE index P=0.213，Chaol index P=0.280；Shannon index P=0.391，Simpson index P=0.205）. Principal component analysis found that the two groups had a considerable difference in the structure of the gastric microbiota，and the difference between the two groups was greater than the difference within the groups（R=0.368，P=0.032）. DCA treatment significantly increased the abundance of Cyanobacteria in the stomach of INS -GAS mice at the levels of phylum，class，order，family and genus，and also upregulated the abundance of the Anaerostipes genus and the Cyanobacteria genus Lolium perenne and Phaseolus vulgaris. In addition， significantly higher enrichment of Lactobacillus including Lactobacillus reuteri，belonging to the phylum Firmicutes was found in gastric contents of INS -GAS mice drinking DCA compared with the control group. The expression of muc2 mRNA in the gastric body and antrum mucosa of INS-GAS mice drinking DCA was considerably higher than that of INS-GAS mice drinking NS（both P < 0.05）. The abundance of gastric microbiota in the stomach of INS-GAS mice with the same DCA intervention was significantly higher than that of FVB/N mice（ACE index P=0.022；Chao1 index P=0.028）. However，INS-GAS（DCA）and FVB/N（DCA）mice had greater differences within groups than between groups（R=-0.056，P=0.647）. Conclusion：DCA intake changed the structure of the gastric microbiota of INS-GAS mice. The relative abundances of Cyanobacteria and Anaerossipes were significantly increased，while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased，and promoted the expression of Muc2 mRNA.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of extracellular vesicles(EVs)from glioblastoma stem cells(GSC)on the proliferation，invasion and temozolomide(TMZ)- resistance of glioblastoma(GBM)in vitro and in vivo. Methods：The GSCs were derived from the primary GBM patient and the matched differentiated glioma cells(DGCs)were obtained through differentiation experiments. The EVs in culture medium of GSC and DGC were obtained by ultracentrifugation，respectively. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8)assay，colony formation assay and transwell invasion assay were used to detect the effects of GSC - derived EVs on the proliferation，invasion and TMZ - resistance of U87 glioma cells. Intracranial xenografts murine experiment was used to validate the effects of GSC-derived EVs on the in vivo proliferation，invasion and TMZ-resistance of U87 cells. Results：GSC and the matched DGC were obtained through tumor dissociation and differentiation experiments，respectively. GSC and DGC derived EVs were obtained by ultracentrifugation methods. GSC-derived EVs significantly enhanced U87 cell proliferation，invasion and TMZ-resistance，compared to DGC-derived EVs. Consistently，in vivo experiments validated that GSC-derived EVs promoted tumor growth and reduced the survival time of mice. Conclusion：GSC-derived EVs enhance the proliferation，invasion and TMZ-resistance of glioma cells.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the role of microbes in colorectal cancer liver metastases(CRLM)and the underlying mechanisms. Methods：16S rDNA sequencing was performed on colon tumors and liver tumors in CRLM patients. The mouse model of CRLM was established and treated with antibiotics，Escherichia coli(E.coli)，lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor and clodronate liposome. After 24 days，the liver tumor tissues were obtained for HE staining，immunofluorescence staining and detection of lactate concentration and microbial abundance. E. coli and MC38 cells were co - cultured at 100∶1. The cell proliferation，the extracellular acidification rate(ECAR)and concentration of lactate was determined by CCK8，Seahorse and colorimetry respectively. Macrophages (MØ)derived from mouse bone marrow were treated with lactate，lactylation antibody and TNF-α respectively. The expression levels of CD206 and iNOS were detected by immunofluorescence；the mRNA levels of iNOS，CD86，CD163 and ARG were detected by qPCR； The lactylation level and NF-κB expression were detected by Western Blot. Results：There were microbes in colon and liver tumors in CRLM patients and the dominant species were similar. Microbiota promoted liver metastasis of colorectal cancer in mice and MØ was found to be M2 - like polarized，while the liver metastases decreased after depletion of MØ. Microbiota could not enhance the proliferation of tumor cells，but could increase the level of tumor glycolysis and lactate and inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase could reduce liver metastases in mice.Lactate could induce MØ polarization to M2 and lactylation. RIG - Ilys852 was found to inhibit the polarization of MØ induced by lactate;the expression of NF -κB was decreased after macrophage treated with lactate;TNF -α could inhibit MØ polarization to M2. Conclusion:Microbes enhance the level of glycolysis and lactate in tumor and promote liver metastasis of colorectal cancer via macrophage RIG-I lactylation.

Abstract:Objective：The study was to excavated the core genes in the GEO database that affect the development of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)by bioinformatics，and to analyze the biological function to provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis， treatment and prognosis evaluation of CCA. Methods：We analyzed three microarray datasets(GSE32879，GSE45001 and GSE76297) from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO). Uning GEO2R for online differential gene analysis，DAVID for differential gene pathway analysis from GO and KEGG，STRING and Cytoscape for Protein-Protein interaction network(PPI)analysis and screening of hub gene. Results：A total of 151 up-regulated genes were screened，and the top 10 most connected genes were selected through PPI analysis， which revealed that APOA1，AGXT，F13B，FETUB，FERPINC1，SLC2A2 were overexpressed and correlated with poor prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusion：The hub genes explored by bioinformatics may play an important role in the occurrence and development of cholangiocarcinoma and provide a certain theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanisms of cholangiocarcinoma.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the expression and clinical significance of dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1)and DAAM2 in pancreatic cancer. Methods：Pancreatic cancer tissue microarray(TMA，HPanA120Su02)was obtained from OUTDO BioTech(Shanghai)，including 66 tumor samples and 54 adjacent samples. Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was used to detect the expression levels of DAAM1 and DAAM2 in pancreatic cancer and para-tumor tissues. Expression profiles of DAAM1，DAAM2， PDL1 and other immune checkpoints were downloaded from the TCGA database. Statistical methods，such as t-test，χ² test，log-rank test and correlation analysis，were used to analyze the differential expression of DAAM1 and DAAM2 between tumor and adjacent samples，the co -expression pattern of DAAM1 and DAAM2，and their association with clinicopathological parameters，prognosis and expression levels of immune checkpoints. Results：Compared with the adjacent tissues，the expression of DAAM1 and DAAM2 in pancreatic cancer were significantly upregulated(P ＜ 0.001)，and the expression levels of DAAM1 and DAAM2 in pancreatic cancer tissue were significantly positively correlated(P ＜ 0.001). There was marginally significant in the correlation between DAAM1 expression and tumor differentiation(P=0.062)and survival status(P=0.061)，but DAAM1 expression was not significantly correlated with other clinic-pathological parameters(P ＞ 0.05). However，DAAM2 expression was not related to any clinic-pathological parameters (P ＞ 0.05). In the TCGA database，DAAM1 and DAAM2 were positively correlated with the expression levels of multiple immune checkpoints(P ＜ 0.001). Conclusion：The expression of DAAM1 and DAAM2 are significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer，and positively correlated with the expression levels of multiple immune checkpoints，which may be a critical regulatory factor for the oncogenesis，progression and immune evasion in pancreatic cancer.

Abstract:The ability of tumor to proliferate indefinitely depends on its unique metabolic mode. It has been confirmed that non - coding RNA has the ability to encode micropeptides/proteins，of which a small number of micropeptides/proteins can participate in the regulation of tumor energy metabolism and play a key role in the occurrence and development of tumors. This article reviews the current research on the relationship between micropeptides/proteins encoded by ncRNA and cancer metabolism，and discusses the mechanism and clinical significance of these functional micropeptides/proteins in tumorigenesis and development. We believe that in- depth understanding of the regulatory mechanism mediated by ncRNA - encoded micropeptides/proteins in tumor metabolic reprogramming will play an important role in cancer diagnosis，treatment and prognosis.

Abstract:Objective：To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors of EBV-associated hemophagocytic syndrome based on multicenter data.Methods：A total of 132 patients with EBV-HLH from 9 medical centers in Huaihai Lymphoma Working Group from January 2013 to August 2020 were selected and their clinicopathological data were collected. The optimal cut-off point of EBV-DNA copy number was calculated using restricted cubic spline. Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves of patients were drawn. Log-rank test was used for comparison between groups. Results：The median age of 132 patients was 25 years old，including 61 children(＜ 14 years old)(46.21%)，25 elderly patients(≥60 years old)(18.94%)，124 patients(93.94%)with fever，and 116 patients(87.88%)with elevated serum ferritin. The prognosis of children patients was better than that of adults(P ＜ 0.001)，and the six -month cumulative survival rates of the two groups were 90.2% and 38.0%，respectively. The percentage of albumin，serum triglyceride，alanine aminotransferase and lymphocyte in the children group was higher than that in the adult group，while the serum creatinine was lower than that in the adult group. The age and serum creatinine of the survival group were lower than those of the death group，while the levels of serum triglyceride were higher than those of the death group(P ＜ 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that age and EBV-DNA copy number were independent risk factors for survival outcome of EBV-HLH patients. Conclusion：The early mortality of EBV-HLH is high and the prognosis is poor. The EBV-DNA copy number and age at initial diagnosis are the adverse factors affecting the prognosis of EBV-HLH patients.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the protective effect of left bundle branch pacing(LBBP)on cardiac function in patients with ventricular pacing dependency and explore the possible mechanism. Methods：A total of 42 patients undergoing permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation due to atrioventricular block or slow heart rate of atrial fibrillation in Suzhou Municipal Hospital from August 2018 to February 2021 were enrolled in this study. According to the pacing site，the patients were divided into LBBP group(19)and right ventricular pacing(RVP)group(23)including 11 of right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing(RVSP)and 12 of right ventricular apical pacing(RVAP).The preoperative and postoperative QRS duration(QRSd)，left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)，left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD)and end systolic diameter(LVESD)were compared between groups. At the end of follow- up，real-time three-dimensional ultrasound was used to assess inter-ventricular and intra-ventricular mechanical synchrony.Results： The mean follow-up time was(22.27±10.28)months. LVEF in LBBP group had no significant change before and after operation，LVEF in RVP group was significantly decreased[(54.09±9.27)% vs(. 58.94±10.01)%，P=0.011]. LVEDD and LVESD in the two groups had no significant change after operation. The baseline QRSd were similar between two groups. The paced QRSd in LBBP group was similar with the baseline QRSd，but significantly narrower than that in RVP group[(115.79±14.27)ms vs(. 147.83±19.76)ms，P=0.000]. Left ventricular activation time(LVAT)in LBBP group was significantly shorter than that in RVSP patients[(65.25±19.79)ms vs(. 80.91± 10.44)ms，P=0.003]. Inter-ventricular mechanical delay(IVMD)was significantly different between LBBP and RVP groups[(-12.66± 15.99)ms vs.(15.13±19.12)ms，P=0.000]. Standard deviation of time to minimum systolic volume in 16 segments of left ventricle (Tmsv16- SD)and Tmsv16- SD after heart rate correction(Tmsv16- SD/R -R)in LBBP group were smaller than those in RVP group [(23.35±9.34)ms vs(. 37.31±22.95)ms，P=0.021]，[(2.65±0.92)ms vs(. 4.04±2.48)ms，P=0.030]. Correlation analysis showed that QRSd，Tmsv16-SD，Tmsv16-SD/R-R were significantly negatively correlated with LVEF(P ＜ 0.05)，and significantly positively correlated with LVEDD and LVESD(P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion：LBBP can protect cardiac function better than RVP in patients with ventricular pacing dependency，which may be related to LBBP’s ability to better maintain cardiacelectrical and mechanical synchrony.

Abstract:Objective：To reconstruct the 3D model of the whole lumbar spine，including vertebral body，annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc，CAD technique was used to fit CT and thin layer of MR data. Methods：In this study，3D CT scan data and thin -layer MR data were collected from a Chinese male volunteer. Scanning range：L1- S5. MRI was performed using SPCE and STIR sequences with the slice thickness of 0.5 mm. A high-resolution CT spiral scan was acquired with 120 kV radiogenic tube voltage，0.75 mm slice thickness and 512×512 matrix. CT and MR date were stored in DICOM format and imported into MIDIVI to reconstruct the 3D structure of soft and hard tissues respectively. The data of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc were measured in Midivi. According to the obtained data，the distribution of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus was depicted in MIDIVI，and registration was performed according to the anatomical marks. Thus，the anatomical model of the whole lumbar spine with the fusion of vertebral body，intervertebral disc annulus and nucleus pulposus was obtained. Results：MR obtained 470 SPCE and 240 STIR images，and CT obtained 738 images. The volumes of the generated vertebral body and sacrum were 47.49，50.92，58.95， 62.86，62.60，218.85 cm3 respectively. The intervertebral disc volumes of L1 - S1 were 11.08，12.30，13.12，13.89，13.55 cm³ respectively. The STL data file of the full lumbar 3D model was 238 M. Conclusion：High - precision 3D anatomical data of intervertebral disc and vertebral body can be obtained by thin-layer MR and CT scanning respectively. These models can be accurately established by the fusion image based on anatomical marks.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the influence of core infarct volume on the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. Methods：Clinical and imaging data of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular therapy and/or intravenous thrombolysis from January 1，2020 to December 31，2021 in the Emergency Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. According to the change value of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score at admission and 72 hours after treatment，the patients were divided into the good prognosis group and the poor prognosis group. The characteristics of baseline data of the two groups were compared，and the risk factors for poor prognosis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was constructed to analyze the predictive ability of core infarct volume on adverse prognosis. The relationship between core infarction volume and the probability of poor prognosis as well as odds ratio(OR)was plotted，and the trend of poor prognosis with core infarction volume was analyzed. Results：A total of 131 patients were enrolled，83 in the good prognosis group and 48 in the poor prognosis group. Baseline data showed that the core infarct volume in the good prognosis group was significantly smaller than that in the poor prognosis group(P= 0.041)，and endovascular therapy in the good prognosis group was higher than that in the poor prognosis group(P=0.040). Univariate regression analysis of poor prognosis showed that core infarction volume(OR=1.012，95% CI：1.004~1.021，P=0.006)，bleeding complications(OR=2.296，95% CI：1.028~5.181，P=0.043)，endovascular therapy(OR=0.310，95% CI：0.106~0.851，P=0.025)and bridging(OR=0.443，95% CI：0.203~0.930，P=0.035)were statistically significant. Multivariate regression analysis showed that core infarct volume(OR=1.013，95%CI：1.005~1.022，P=0.003)was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. ROC curve indicated that core infarct volume(AUC=0.60，95%CI：0.50~0.71)had a good predictive value for poor prognosis. The non-linear curve showed that the prognosis was less affected by the volume of core infarction ≤31 ml. The prognosis was significantly affected by the volume of core infarction ＞ 31 mL. Conclusion：Core infarct volume is an independent risk factor for prognosis of ischemic stroke patients with occlusive large vessels

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the efficacy and safety of holmium laser enucleation of prostate(HoLEP)by using en -bloc and bladder neck preservation technique and assess the influence on sexual functional outcomes. Methods：Retrospectively analyzed 209 patients who received HoLEP by en-bloc and bladder neck preservation technique from July 2016 to May 2020，and other 78 patients who received traditional transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)as control. All patients had sexual activity and normal antegrade ejaculation before surgery. Results：The operation time and estimated blood loss in HoLEP group were less than those in the TURP group(P ˂ 0.05)；The hospital stay and duration of catheterization in HoLEP group were slightly shorter than those in TURP group， but no significant(P ＞ 0.05). There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05). The immediate urinary incontinence rate in HoLEP group was significantly higher than that in TURP group(P ˂ 0.05). This trend was still manifested at 3 and 6 months，but gradually narrowed and converged at 12 months(P ＞ 0.05). The international questionnaire score(IIEF-5)and erection hardness grading scale(EHGS)scores in both groups at 6 and 12 months after surgery were slightly improved(P ＞ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in IIEF-5 and EHGS between the two groups before and 12 months after surgery(P ＞ 0.05)，and IIEF -5 and EHGS in HoLEP group at 12 months after surgery were higher than those in TURP group，but the difference was not statistically significant(P ＞ 0.05). The incidence of retrograde ejaculation in HoLEP group was significantly lower than in the TURP group(P ˂ 0.05). Conclusions：HoLEP by an en - bloc and bladder neck preservation technique is small-injury and high -efficiency，especially reduce the occurrence of retrograde ejaculation.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the efficacy of amiodarone on ventricular fibrillation(VF)after release of aortic cross -clamp (ACC)in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)surgery. Methods：In this study，a total of 54 patients with LVH were enrolled to receive CPB surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2021 to December 2021. All patients were randomly divided into either amiodarone group(group A)or control group(group C)， 27 cases in each group. Thirty minutes before ACC wasreleased，the trial drugs were administered intravenously. In group A，150 mg of amiodarone was pumped in 5 minutes. In group C，the same volume of normal saline was pumped in 5 minutes. Results：The incidence of VF in group A was lower than that in group C，and the duration of VF，the number of defibrillation and the defibrillation energy were lower than those in group C(P ＜ 0.05). The duration of temporary pacing in group A was longer than that in group C(P ＜ 0.05). After the end of CPB，the heart rate and mean arterial pressure were lower in group A，the mean pulmonary arterial pressure and the dose of vasoactive drugs was higher than those in group C(P ＜ 0.05). However，there was no significant difference in vasoactive drug dose and hemodynamic status between the two groups before the end of surgery(P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion：In patients with LVH undergoing CPB surgery，amiodarone can be safely used and reduce the incidence of VF，VF duration，defibrillation frequency and defibrillation energy after ACC was released.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the predictive value of oxygenation parameters and ventilator parameters on the clinical outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)at different times，and to screen early prognostic indicators. Methods：The clinical data of 65 children with ARDS admitted to the intensive care unit of Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 to June 2021 were collected. According to the survival status after 28 days of treatment，they were divided into survival group(n=37)and death group(n=28). Logistic regression analysis of clinical data was to identify risk factors for death in ARDS patients. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of oxygenation parameters and ventilator parameters on mortality risk in children with ARDS at different times. Results：The median age of the 65 patients was 2.1 years old. Pneumonia(60%)and sepsis(24.6%)were the main causes of ARDS. Analysis of the underlying disease status of patients showed that 60% of patients had underlying diseases，including neurological diseases(21.5%)，hematological diseases(16.9%)，and chronic lung diseases(6.2%)and immunodeficiency diseases(7.7%). Logistic regression analysis showed that PaO₂/FiO₂，SpO₂/FiO₂， OI，OSI，MAP and PEEP were independent risk factors for ARDS on days 0，1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation(P ＜ 0.05). The above indicators showed better predictive value on the 3rd day of mechanical ventilation(AUC：0.806~0.961). Conclusion：PaO₂/FiO₂，SpO₂/ FiO₂，OI，OSI，MAP and PEEP are independent risk factors for death in children with ARDS，and each index has better predictive value on the third day of mechanical ventilation.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the fat suppression effect and imaging quality of Dixon and frequency-selective fat-saturation(Fat- Sat)techniques in orbital T2-weighted imaging(T2WI). Methods：Thirty-five healthy subjects were enrolled，with both orbital Dixon- T2WI(Dixon group)and Fat-Sat-T2WI(Fat-Sat group)scans. The fat suppression effect and overall imaging quality for the two groups were scored. The signal intensity of extraocular muscle and ipsilateral temporal muscle，as well as their signal intensity ratio(SIR)were quantitatively measured. Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to compare the subjective scores between groups. Paired -sample t test were used to compare the signal intensity and SIR between groups. Results：Dixon - T2WI had significantly higher scores of fat suppression effect(3.86±0.36 vs. 2.91±0.56，P ＜ 0.001)and overall imaging quality(3.83±0.38 vs. 3.26±0.56，P ＜ 0.001)as compared to Fat - Sat -T2WI. Dixon -T2WI generated both higher signal intensity of extraocular muscle(362.33±107.73 vs. 286.59±78.84，P ＜ 0.001)and ipsilateral temporal muscle(207.26 ± 63.41 vs. 170.19 ± 51.93，P ＜ 0.001)than Fat - Sat - T2WI. However，there was no significant difference in their SIR between the two groups(1.83±0.54 vs. 1.77±0.49，P=0.239). Conclusion：Dixon-T2WI outperforms Fat-Sat-T2WI in both fat suppression effect and overall imaging quality，without significantly altered SIR. This technique can provide a more reliable diagnosis basis for clinic.

Abstract:Striatum is an important nucleus in the central nervous system that regulates fine motor. Accumulated evidences have shown that the dorsal striatum is involved in not only motor functions but also cognition.Cognitive impairment(CI)is a mental disease with learning and memory deficit，which occurs in the early stage of many diseases. As a relay station for learning and memory information processing，the dorsal striatum integrates glutamatergic，or dopaminergic and other neurotransmitters released by the upstream loop，and then outputs information to the downstream nucleus through direct and indirect pathways to participate in cognitive behavior. In this paper，we will expound its structure，or neural circuit mechanism，and explores the potential therapeutic targets in the neural circuit of the dorsal striatum in combination with the existing treatment methods.

Abstract:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and irreversible remodeling of lung tissue structure. Inhalation exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of IPF. The lung structure is complex，and a variety of cells participate in the process of pulmonary fibrosis，while the injury and dysfunction of alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells(AT2)play a central role in the pathogenesis of IPF. This article summarizes the air pollutants related to IPF， focuses on the role and common mechanism of AT2 cells in the occurrence and development of IPF，analyzes the possibility of AT2 cells as a diagnostic biomarker and intervention target of IPF，to provide clues for air pollution prevention and population health risk assessment.