Abstract:Objective：The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects and mechanisms of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound（LIPUS） on the metabolism of hypertrophic adipose tissue induced by high-fat diet. Methods：C57BL/6J male mice were fed with a high-fat diet containing 60% kcal fat for obese mice model，and then 10 obese mice were selected to receive LIPUS irradiation at the groin fat pad for 10 weeks. The body weight of mice and inguinal fat at target area were weighed. Peripheral venous blood was drawn for the blood lipid test，complete blood counts and plasma biochemical profile. Safety tests of LIPUS were conducted on the basis of skin and muscle sections at LIPUS site with HE staining. And target fat stained with HE was used to observe the size of adipocytes. The content of triglycerides in the target fat pad was measured by glycerol phosphate oxidase-p-aminophenazone methods. The mRNA expression levels of transcription factors for adipogenic differentiation，lipolytic enzymes and their transcription factors at the LIPUS region were analyzed by qPCR. Additionally，Western blot was applied to detect the protein levels of transcription factors for adipogenic differentiation，lipolytic enzymes，and their related signaling pathways. Results：LIPUS irradiation significantly reduced fat weight，triglyceride content and adipocyte size in the target area of obese mice that received 77.20 mW/cm2 LIPUS treatment. Meanwhile，LIPUS down-regulated the expression of transcription factors for adipogenic differentiation in the target region. Expressions of lipolysis related signaling pathways and lipolytic enzymes were up-regulated via LIPUS stimulation. In addition，preliminary results indicate that LIPUS has a good safety profile at current dose. Conclusion：LIPUS diminishes local adipose tissue hypertrophy induced by high-fat diet through inhibiting adipogenic differentiation and encouraging lipolysis procedure.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the synergistic effects and related mechanisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） on aerobic exercise-induced angiogenesis and improved cardiac function. Methods：In the in vitro experiments，human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs） were exposed to 12 dyn/cm2 laminar shear stress（LSS） in parallel-plate flow chamber to mimic the effects of exercise training on vascular tissue. BDNF/TrkB protein expression levels in HUVECs treated by non-circulating flow，circulating flow，circulating flow with BDNF（50 ng/mL） were examined by Western blot，meanwhile phosphorylated TrkB and Akt protein levels were also analyzed；the capacities of cell migration and tube formation were analyzed to evaluate the angiogenesis of HUVEC. In the in vivo experiments，sixty rats were assigned to sham group，myocardial infarction（MIC） group，myocardial infarction+BDNF（MICB） group，myocardial infarction+exercise（MIE） group and myocardial infarction+exercise+BDNF（MIEB） group；cardiac functional was evaluated prior to exercise training and 1 week after cardiac surgery. the exercise groups were subjected to 4 weeks of treadmill running，the MIEB group subjected to exercise and daily tail intravenous injection of rhBDNF at a dose of 0.4 μg/kg 10 minutes before exercise，the MICB group subjected to the same dose of rhBDNF only. The rats underwent cardiac functional evaluations following the 4-week period of exercise training. The blood vessel density in the surrounding area of myocardial infarction was detected by immunohistochemistry after the 4-week period of training. Results：An increased BDNF protein expression，as well as phosphorylated of TrkB and Akt levels were observed in HUVECs exposed to LSS generated by circulating fluid. LSS elicited sustained increase BDNF level in the circulating medium. In HUVECs exposed to LSS generated by non-circulating fluid， an increased BDNF protein expression was also observed，while the TrkB and its downstream Akt pathway were inactive. Circulating fluid with BDNF could increase the TrkB and Akt phosphorylated degree and improve the angiogenesis ability of HUVECs. The in vivo experiments confirmed that BDNF administration in rats combined with aerobic exercise increased myocardial angiogenesis and improved cardiac function more significantly compared with those rats receiving exercise intervention only. Conclusion：Exercise activates BDNF/TrkB axis and its downstream Akt pathway through LSS in a BDNF-dependent manner， thereby enhancing cell migration and tubule formation；exogenous supplementation of BDNF in association with aerobic exercise may enhance the pro-myocardial angiogenesis effect of exercise and further improve cardiac function.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to explore the role of ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 in inhibiting alveolar bone resorption in mice with experimental periodontitis and the potential mechanism underlying it. Methods：Twenty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups：normal group with no periodontitis（control），periodontitis and PBS treatment（PBS+P） group，periodontitis and negative control adeno-associated virus（AAV） treatment（AAV+P） group，periodontitis and AAV targeting A20（AAV-A20） treatment（A20+P） group. Silk ligation combined with local application of Porphyromonas gingivalis（P. gingivalis） suspensions was used to construct the experimental periodontitis model. Gingiva of mice were locally injected with AAV-A20 to achieve A20 overexpression in the periodontal tissue. Immunofluorescence for A20 was used to verify AAV-A20 transfection efficiency in the periodontal tissue. microcomputed tomography（Micro-CT），haematoxylin and eosin（HE） staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase（TRAP） staining were employed to compare the degree of alveolar bone resorption and the number of osteoclasts between the maxillary first and second molar of mice. Expressions of RANKL（receptor activator of nuclear factor-κВ ligand） and autophagy-related molecules in the periodontal tissue of mice were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results：Compared with the PBS+P and AAV+P group，mice in the A20+P group exhibited decreased autophagic level and RANKL expression in their peridontal tissues. Besides，the number of TRAP positive osteoclasts between the maxillary first and second molar and alveolar bone resorption in mice were also repressed in the A20+P group. Conclusion：A20 alleviates alveolar bone resorption in mice with experimental periodontitis through negative regulation of autophagy，and A20 is expected to be a new target for periodontitis treatment.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression changes of Notch3 in cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cells（HK-2） injury and the potential regulation mechanism related to upstream microRNA. Methods：Based on HK-2 cells apoptosis model induced by cisplatin（20 μmol/L，24 h），Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to analyze the expression of Notch3 in HK-2 cells. Targetscan was used to search potential miRNAs that bind the 3’-UTR of Notch3. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-192-5p in HK-2 cells after cisplatin treatment. Then，HK-2 cells transfected with negative control mimic（NC mimic） and miR-192-5p mimic respectively，and treated with or without cisplatin（20 μmol/L， 24 h），were divided into four groups：NC mimic group（NC）；NC mimic+cisplatin group（NC+Cis）；miR-192-5p mimic group（OE）；miR-192-5p mimic+cisplatin group（OE+Cis）. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to demonstrate the effect of miR-192-5p on the expression of Notch3 after cisplatin treatment，while Western blot and flow cytometry were used to demonstrate the effect of miR-192-5p on apoptosis of HK-2 cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verified whether miR-192-5p targets Notch3. Results：Notch3 was up-regulated while miR-192-5p was down-regulated in HK-2 cells after cisplatin treatment compared with that in the normal controls. RT-qPCR showed that the expression of miR-192-5p in HK-2 cells was significantly increased after miR-192-5p mimic transfection. The overexpression of miR-192-5p alleviated cisplatin-induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells and negatively regulated the expression of Notch3. The dual luciferase reporter assay results verified that miR-192-5p directly binds with 3’-UTR of Notch3. Conclusion：miR-192-5p can attenuate the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by cisplatin through directly inhibiting the expression of Notch3.

Abstract:Objective：To observe and analyze the factors affecting the survival of elderly patients with coronary heart disease. Methods：Data of 140 elderly patients with coronary heart disease were collected and patients were followed up for an average of 3.5 years. The influencing factors of major adverse cardiac and cerebral events（MACCE） in patients were investigated，and the predictive value of each influencing factor for MACCE was further analyzed. Results：According to the comparison of clinical data between the MACCE group and the non-MACCE group，Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curve，blood urea nitrogen（BUN），total cholesterol （TC），left atrial diameter（LAD），and cardiac valve calcification（CVC） were associated with the development of MACCE in elderly patients with coronary heart disease. There was no correlation between 1，25 hydroxyvitamin D3 level and the occurrence of MACCE. According to the results of receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve，the combination of BUN，TC，LAD and CVC had the greatest value in predicting MACCE. Conclusion：In this study，BUN，TC，LAD and CVC are found to be important influencing factors for the occurrence of MACCE in elderly patients with coronary heart disease，while there is no correlation between the level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D and the occurrence of MACCE.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the relationship between resting heart rate and long-term prognosis of patients with connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension（CTD-PAH）. Methods：A total of 89 patients with CTD-PAH diagnosed by right cardiac catheterization were collected from the Departments of Rheumatology，the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2009 to 2021. The clinical characteristics，two-dimensional echocardiographic parameters，hemodynamic parameters and survival of patients with heart rate < 100 beats/min and heart rate ≥100 beats/min were compared. Kaplan-Meier and Cox methods were used for survival analysis. Results：There was no significant difference in sex，age，WHO functional class，6-minute walking distance，N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide，two-dimensional echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters between the two groups. The mortality of patients with resting heart rate ≥100 beats/min was higher than that of patients with resting heart rate <100 beats/min（P < 0.01）. The overall 1-，3- and 5-year survival rates of patients with resting heart rate < 100 beats/min and ≥ 100 beats/min were 98.6%，90.7%，87.6% and 93.8%，66.8%，55.6%. After adjustment for age and sex， resting heart rate ≥100 beats/min remained an independent risk factor for prognosis of patients with CTD-PAH. Conclusion：The resting heart rate may be one of the indexes to predict the long-term poor prognosis of patients with CTD-PAH and may reflect the overall function of the right ventricle.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the predictive value of lipid levels on response to therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase（CML-CP）. Methods：The clinical data of 453 patients with CML-CP were retrospectively analyzed. Serum lipid levels were compared between groups. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze prognostic-related factors. Results： Patients with CML showed low total cholesterol（TC），high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C），and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） levels and high triglyceride（TG），TC/HDL-C，non-HDL-C/HDL-C，and TG/HDL-C levels compared with normal controls（P < 0.001），and no significant difference in LDL-C/HDL-C（P > 0.05）. The changes of blood lipid profiles in different age groups were consistent with the overall trend，and post-menopausal patients showed high levels of TG and LDL-C. Lipid levels recovered significantly at the time of achieving major molecular response（MMR） and deep molecular response（DMR） compared to the initial diagnosis. Patients with DMR showed lower LDL-C，TC/HDL-C，LDL-C/HDL-C，and non-HDL-C/HDL-C compared to patients with MMR（P < 0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LDL-C/HDL-C（OR=0.511，95%CI：0.330~0.793，P=0.003），Sokal risk score（P=0.016） and duration of TKI treatment（OR=1.025，95%CI：1.013~1.037，P < 0.001） were significantly associated with the achievement of DMR. Conclusion：Lipid metabolism is disturbed in patients with newly diagnosed CML and TKI is effective in reversing the lipid profile. Lipid level monitoring is important for efficacy assessment in CML patients and LDL-C/HDL-C can be used as an independent predictor of DMR.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the difference of human antigen R（HuR） expression in patients with diabetic kidney disease（DKD） at different stages. Methods：A total of 165 DKD patients diagnosed by renal biopsy admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2014 to May 2019 were enrolled，and 16 patients with renal carcinoma were included. The expression of HuR in the kidney was detected by immunohistochemistry. According to pathological classification of diabetic kidney disease，the expressions of HuR in each stage were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Spearman’s rank correlation was performed for correlation analysis between HuR level and clinical factors. Results：The expression of HuR in the kidney was increased compared with paracancerous tissues of patients with renal carcinoma. HuR was mainly expressed in the nucleus， and partly in the cytoplasm. There were significant differences between diabetic kidney disease stage Ⅱb and stage Ⅲ，stage Ⅱb and stage Ⅳ，stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ（P < 0.05），but no difference between stage Ⅱa and stage Ⅱb was observed. HuR expression was positively correlated with age，serum creatinine，urea nitrogen，serum uric acid，C-reactive protein and parathyroid hormone（PTH），and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate（eGFR），hemoglobin，glycosylated hemoglobin and 1，25-（OH）2-vitamin D3. Conclusion：The expression of HuR is positively related to the severity of pathological stages（Ⅱb，Ⅲ，Ⅳ）. The expression of HuR is correlated with clinical indicators of renal function.

Abstract:Objective：Our study aims to investigate the correlations between single nucleotide polymorphism rs2392221 in vascular cell adhesion molecule 1（VCAM1） and the risk of acute rejection（AR） in renal transplant recipients. Methods：A total of 200 Chinese renal transplant recipients who underwent kidney transplantation at our center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University， were enrolled and divided into non-AR group（n=131） and AR group（n=69）. The VCAM1 rs2392221 genotypes were detected by next generation sequencing. Five adjusted inheritance models were utilized to investigate the influence of VCAM1 rs2392221 on AR. Combining clinical and demographic data，the association between VCAM1 rs2392221 gene polymorphisms and AR in renal transplant recipients was evaluated. Results：The SNP rs2392221 on VCAM1 gene exhibited significant correlation with the occurrence of AR in four of the five models as P < 0.001 in codominant model（CC vs. CT：OR=3.71，95%CI：1.82~7.58；CC vs. TT：OR=5.41，95%CI：1.14~25.75），P < 0.001 in dominant model（OR=3.90，95% CI：1.97~7.72），P=0.357 in recessive model（OR=3.57，95% CI：0.77~16.54），P=0.002 in over-dominant model（OR=3.31，95% CI：1.65~6.65），P=0.034 in log-additive model（OR=3.04，95% CI：1.70~5.43）. Conclusion：In this study，we observed that SNP rs2392221 was significantly related to the occurrence of AR in Chinese renal transplant recipients，thereby indicating a potential target for the early diagnosis of AR.

Abstract:Objective：To determine whether the combination of neurocognitive assessment and key biomarker data can improve the accuracy of using MRI image data to predict Alzheimer disease（AD） status and conversion. Methods：Data were collected from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative（ADNI） during 2004—2018. Samples with complete MRI image data，cognitive assessment data and biological measures were screened from the raw data. Seven brain volumetric features including ventricular，hippocampus，whole brain，entorhinal cortex，fusiform gyrus，middle temporal gyrus，and intracerebral volumes were extracted from MRI by toolbox FreeSurfer. Cognitive assessment scale included the MMSE and ADAS-Cog13 scale. Biological measurement data included four biomarkers，i.e.，Abeta peptide，Tau protein，p-Tau protein and ApoE4 genotype. Based on the baseline data of 783 samples，logistic regression model was established for classification of disease development stages. Based on the longitudinal data of 352 samples with MCI status，a binary logistic regression was established for distinguishing converted patients from non-converted patients. We integrated cognitive data，and biomarkers with the brain image data，randomly divided the data set through a cross-validation method，and calculated accuracy，recall，precision，F1 score，and the area under the ROC curve. Results：For the classification of AD development stage，combining brain image data，cognitive data and biological measures achieved accuracy rates of 100.00%（AD vs. Normal），77.18%（MCI vs. Normal） and 89.58%（AD vs. MCI）； the areas under the ROC curves are 100.00%（AD vs. Normal），85.52%（MCI vs. Normal） and 96.39%（AD vs. MCI） respectively；the AUCs for distinguishing Normal，MCI，and AD from the other two categories are 88.30%，81.00% and 97.26% respectively，which are significantly higher than the classification performance using only brain image data. For classification of MCI conversion，the brain image data combined with the cognitive data can maximize the accuracy rate，from 86.69% to more than 90%；the corresponding AUC increased from 89.21%，which only use the brain image data to 94.06%. Conclusion：Combining data from multiple sources can improve the classification and prediction accuracy of AD status and conversion，thus provide theoretical support for clinical practice in early diagnosis of the AD.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to analyze the high risk factors of residual lesions in patients with positive cervical margin after loop electrosurgical excision procedure（LEEP） for high-grade intraepithelial cervical lesions， and to explore the stratified management of patients with different positive margins. Methods：A total of 305 patients with LEEP were collected. The postoperative specimens were pathologically confirmed to have residual cervical intraepithelial lesions at the margin of resection，namely，positive margin of conization. Routine postoperative follow-up was performed for patients with positive ectocervical margin to investigate the postoperative outcome. At the same time，all patients with positive non-ectocervical margins（endocervical margin and basal margin） were treated with a second LEEP or hysterectomy， and the high-risk factors for postoperative residual lesions in patients with positive non-ectocervical margins were analyzed. Results：The negative conversion ratio of 112 patients with positive surgical margin was 75.9% during 6 months follow-up. Postmenopausal patients and multiple quadrants of margin involvement were inversely associated with positive ectocervical margin after conization. While the preoperative thin-prep cytology test（TCT） results，pregnancy and birth order，the degree of surgical margin lesions showed no correlation with the outcome of the patients. Among the 193 patients with positive non-ectocervical margin，menopausal status，preoperative TCT results including atypical squamous cell cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion（ASC-H） and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion（HSIL），and positive margin involved multiple quadrants，all of them were positively correlated with residual lesions. While the patient’s age，gestational order，preoperative human papilloma virus（HPV） type and preoperative lesion degree showed no correlation with lesion residual. Conclusion：Routine follow-up is feasible for patients with positive ectocervical margin for the high negative conversion ratio. The probability of postoperative residual lesions in patients with positive non-ectocervical margin is high in patients with menopause， the preoperative TCT show ASC-H or HSIL，and peripheral margin involved multiple quadrants，so hysterectomy is recommended.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the clinicopathological features and carcinogenesis risk factors of colorectal laterally spreading tumor（LST） including 15 cases with multiple lesions. Methods：The clinical data of 209 patients with LST diagnosed by colonoscopy in the Department of Gastroenterology，the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2010 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results：A total of 222 LST were included in the study， including 30（13.5%） LST-G-homogenous type （LST-G-H），64（28.8%） LST-G-mixed type（LST-G-M），118（53.2%） LST-NG-flat elevated type（LST-NG-F） and 10（4.5%） LST-NG-peseudodepressed（LST-NG-PD）. A total of 15 multiple LST，occurred in the right colon（80.0%，12/15），the pathology was mainly low-grade dysplasia（66.7%，10/15），with endoscopic submucosal dissection（ESD） as the main treatment（60.0%，9/15）. Patients with a history of colon polyps were more likely to appear multiple LST. Multiple LST were more common in LST-G-H type，and single LST were more common in LST-NG-F type. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the size of lessions > 20 mm and the junior endoscopic physicians（OR 5.074，95%CI 2.011~12.801，P < 0.05） were independent risk factors for LST carcinogenesis，in which the size of lessions ≥40 mm（OR 5.468，95%CI 1.792~16.684，P < 0.05） had a higher risk of carcinogenesis. Conclusion：The size of lessions > 20 mm and the junior endoscopic physicians were independent risk factors for LST carcinogenesis. Patients with a history of colon polyps were more likely to appear multiple LST. Multiple LST were more common in LST-G-H type， and single LST were more common in LST-NG-F type.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the changes of serum liver and kidney function and blood lipid indexes in obese patients within one year after metabolic surgery（MS）. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed on 119 patients who received metabolic surgery（MS） in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Venous blood samples were collected for serum biochemical tests before and immediately，1，3，6 and 12 months after the surgery，respectively. Results：The preoperative levels of alanine transaminase（ALT），aspartate aminotransferase（AST），alkaline phosphatase（ALP），L-γ-glutamyl transpeptidase（GGT），triglyceride（TG），glucose（GLU） and uric acid（UA） were positively correlated with body mass index（BMI）（r = 0.289，0.309，0.285，0.245，0.125，0.203 and 0.360，P < 0.05），while high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） level was negatively correlated with BMI （r = -0.284，P < 0.05）. ALT，GLU，GGT and TG levels decreased significantly after surgery at different time（ALT：3 months; GGT，TG，GLU：1 month）. One year after operation，each index was significantly lower than that before operation（P < 0.05）. The postoperative level of HDL-C gradually increased with time， and significantly increased 6 months after operation（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：MS can change most biochemical indicators in a short term and effectively improve liver function and reduce blood lipid levels of obese patients.

Abstract:Objective： To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma （IMA）of the lung. Methods：From January 2015 to December 2019，106 patients were identified as having IMA accepted radical resection and enrolled in the retrospective study. Their clinicopathological features were analyzed，the overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were calculated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test，and the survival curve was generated. Results：On preoperative CT images, 14 patients showed pneumonia. All patients received radical surgery，and 50 patients received postoperative adjuvant therapy. Univariate survival analysis showed that pneumonia type，T stage，lymph node metastasis and whether adjuvant treatment were the factors affecting the overall survival rate of IMA patients（P < 0.05）. In addition, the expression of pneumonia，T stage，lymph node metastasis，operation method and whether adjuvant treatment were related to the disease-free survival rate（P < 0.05）. Multivariate survival analysis of Cox risk assessment model showed that pneumonia and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors affecting the overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate of IMA patients（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：The manifestation of pneumonia and lymph node metastasis are associated with the poor prognosis of IMA.

Abstract:Objective：To detect the value of Dixon in evaluating early optic nerve changes in the patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy（TAO）. Methods：The clinical and imaging data of 28 consecutive TAO patients and 15 healthy controls were retrospectively analyzed. Signal intensity ratio（SIR），water fraction（WF） of optic nerve and visual acuity were collected and compared between TAO and healthy groups. The correlations between the SIR and WF value of optic nerve and clinical indicators were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to assess the discriminating performance of SIR and WF value. Results：TAO group had significantly lower visual acuity and higher SIR and WF values of optic nerve than those of healthy group（P < 0.05）. SIR and WF value of optic nerve correlated positively with clinical activity score（r = 0.369，P=0.005；r=0.420，P=0.001）. Setting a cut-off WF value of 0.914 enabled optimal efficiency and specificity for discriminating optic nerves between TAOs and HCs（area under curve，0.694；sensitivity，35.7%；specificity，93.3%）. Combining SIR and WF values of optic nerves，discriminating efficiency and sensitivity were further improved（area under curve，0.729；sensitivity，75.0%；specificity，63.3%）. Conclusion：Dixon technique is suggested to be used in the evaluation of early optic nerve changes in TAO patients.

Abstract:Metabolic diseases are chronic diseases caused by multiple factors such as genetic and environmental factors，which develop slowly and are difficult to cure. Anthocyanins play a good role in health promotion by lowering blood sugar，lowering blood lipids，increasing insulin secretion，anti-cardiovascular disease，anti-cancer and other aspects，and are believed to promote the health of patients with diabetes，obesity，cancer and other diseases. In this paper，the mechanisms of anthocyanins in metabolic diseases were summarized in order to provide theoretical basis for the application of anthocyanins in metabolic diseases.

Abstract:There is mounting evidence that mesenchymal stem cell（MSC） help repair damage myocardial tissues primarily by means of secreting paracrine factors to inhibit cell apoptosis，inhibit myocardial fibrosis，promote angiogenesis and inhibit immune response. Recent studies have confirmed that these effects may be mainly mediated by exosomes. Exosomes are natural nano carriers secreted by cells，and contain cell-specific nucleic acids，proteins and lipids. Compared to liposome carriers，exosomes are low toxicity，less immunogenic，and can penetrate biological barriers. At present，many kinds of engineered exosomes targeting the heart have achieved good curative effects in animal models of myocardial infarction. This article reviews the mechanism research progress of MSC and exosomes derived from MSC in promoting the repair of damaged myocardium after myocardial infarction.

Abstract:CircRNAs are one class of especial non-coding RNAs which are associated with numerous cellular process and involved in the development of many diseases. Recent studies indicate that circRNAs play important roles in innate immunity and are related to chronic inflammatory disease. Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation and its pathogenesis is unclear. This review summarizes the relationship between circRNAs and asthma.