Abstract:Objective：This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14（USP14） instabilizing oxysterol binding protein-like 2（OSBPL2） expression by regulating the ubiquitination level of OSBPL2. Methods：HeLa cells was used as tool cells to detect the expression of OSBPL2 by overexpression，knockdown and activity inhibition of USP14. The regulation of USP14 on ubiquitin signal and ubiquitination level of OSBPL2 was investigated in vitro. The specific domain of USP14 interacting with OSBPL2，the interactional role of different domains and the key ubiquitination sites of OSBPL2 were determined by Co-immunoprecipitation（Co-IP）. Results：USP14 interacted with OSBPL2 and stabilized the expression of OSBPL2 without changing its transcriptional level. In vitro ubiquitination experiment and Co-IP showed that the catalytic（CAT） domain of USP14 interacted with the OSBP-related domain（ORD）of OSBPL2，which reduced the ubiquitination level of OSBPL2. The ubiquitin-like（UBL）domain of USP14 could promote the interaction between USP14 and OSBPL2. In addition，Lys209 and Lys361 could be the key sites for OSBPL2 ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Conclusion：USP14 modulated the ubiquitination level of OSBPL2 by regulating the ubiquitination of Lys209 and Lys361 and further stabilized OSBPL2 expression.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of liguzinediol（Lig）on cardiac function in myocardial infarction rats. Methods：The model of heart failure after myocardial infarction was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of rats. Different doses of Lig（5，10，20 mg/kg） and digoxin（0.033 2 mg/kg） were used for the treatment of the rats for 12 weeks. Cardiac function was detected by echocardiography. Serum myocardial injury markers of brain natriuretic peptides（BNP），lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and myocardial tissue adenosine triphosphate（ATP） were detected by the detection kit；HE staining was used for observing myocardial morphology；electron microscopy was used to detect mitochondrial morphology；the expressions of mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy related proteins were detected by Western blot；and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of mitophagy related proteins. The cardiomyocyte model was replicated by oxygen and glucose deprivation（OGD）. The expression of mitophagy-related proteins was detected by Western blot，and mitophagy levels were detected by LC3B adenovirus transfection. Mitochondrial membrane potential，reactive oxygen species（ROS）level and apoptosis were detected by fluorescence labeling. Results：Lig significantly increased ejection fraction（EF），fractional shortening（FS），and decreased left ventricular dimension in systole（LVIDs）in myocardial infarction rats. Lig significantly reduced serum BNP and LDH in myocardial infarction model rats，and increased the level of ATP in the heart of myocardial infarction rats. Lig improved the morphology of cardiomyocytes and mitochondria in the hearts of myocardial infarction rats，regulated the expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins and promoted autophagy in the hearts of myocardial infarction rats. In vitro，Lig reduced ROS content in OGD model of H9C2 cells，promoted mitophagy and fusion，protected mitochondrial membrane potential，and reduced H9C2 cell apoptosis. The combined use of autophagy agonist and Lig partially increased the protective effect of Lig on OGD model of H9C2 cells，while autophagy inhibitor completely abolished the regulatory effect of Lig on mitochondria of OGD model of H9C2 cells and canceled its inhibitory effect on apoptosis of OGD model of H9C2 cells. Conclusion：Lig can promote mitochondrial autophagy and fusion，maintain mitochondrial morphology and function integrity，reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis，and improve cardiac function in myocardial infarction rats.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to explore the expression of B cell-specific MLV integration site-1（Bmi-1）in mice spinal cord after spinal cord injury（SCI）. Methods：Two month-old C57Bl/6 mice received moderate contusion SCI at T9 using LISA impactor. The expression and cellular localization of Bmi-1 in spinal cord at the day of 1，3，7，14 and 28 post SCI were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Results：The results of Western blot showed that the expression of Bmi-1 was increased and achieved a peak value at day one post SCI，and which was higher than normal till to the day 28 post SCI. The tendency of the Bmi-1 expression was consistent with the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA）. The results of the immunofluorescence staining showed that the Bmi-1 was increased and co-localized with ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1（Iba-1），myelin basic protein（MBP），neuronal nuclei antigen（NeuN），and platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1（PECAM-1/yCD31），but which was not co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP）after SCI. Conclusion：The expression of Bmi-1 was increased and mainly localized in microglia，myelin cells，neuron and endothelium，and especially in microglia after SCI. It suggests that the expression of Bmi-1 may relate with the proliferation and activation of microglia，the endogenous remyelination，and the activity of the endothelium. The Bmi-1 may involve in the pathological process after SCI.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to investigate the role of protease-activated receptor 2（PAR2）involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）of human bronchial epithelial（HBE）cells. Methods：The 16HBE cells were stimulated with various concentrations of tryptase（a nature agonist of PAR2）. Cell migration and repair were assessed by transwell and scratch assay. Western blot was used to examine the expressions of EMT associated biomarkers including E-cadherin，N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）. DCFH-DA probe was employed to measure the generation of reactive oxygen species（ROS）. The effects of N-acety-1-cysteine（NAC）on 16HBE induced by tryptase were also examined by transwell and scratch assay. Results：Tryptase dramatically promoted cell migration and repair with loss of E-cadherin and increase of N-cadherin and α-SMA in a dose-dependent manner（P < 0.05）. Tryptase enhanced generation of ROS in 16HBE cells，and this effect can be inhibited by PAR2 antagonist FSLLRY-NH2 （P < 0.05）. ROS scavenger NAC significantly inhibited the EMT changes induced by tryptase（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Activation of PAR2 triggered EMT process via ROS signal in HBE cells，which highlights a potential target for the regulation of HBE phenotype shift involved in airway remodeling.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to explore the expression and potential mechanism of cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein（CHL1）in bronchial asthma. Methods：The clinical data and serum samples of 55 asthma patients and 18 healthy controls were collected，enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of serum CHL1，then the correlation of CHL1 with pulmonary function related-indexor serum total immunoglobulin E（IgE）was analyzed. A mouse model of ovalbumin（OVA）-induced chronic allergic asthma was constructed，using immunohistochemistry to observe the localization and distribution pattern of CHL1 in lung tissue. The expression of CHL1 after stimulated by different cytokines in human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results：The level of serum CHL1 in the asthma group was higher than in the healthy control group［（7.497±3.274）ng/mL vs.（4.174±2.122）ng/mL，P < 0.000 1］，and is positively correlated with the level of serum total IgE（r=0.287，P=0.048）. CHL1 is mainly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells in mouse lung tissue，the expression level of CHL1 in asthma mice was higher than that in the control group. After stimulation of exogenous TGF-β at different times，the mRNA and protein levels of CHL1 were up-regulated. Conclusion：The expression of CHL1 is elevated in asthma，and this process may be related to TGF-β related signal pathways.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to explore the potential damage effect and related mechanisms of lansoprazole（LPZ）on rat cardiomyocytes（H9C2）. Methods：After incubating H9C2 cells with 10 μmol/L LPZ for 0 h，12 h，24 hand 48 h，DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect the level of reactive oxygen species（ROS）. And the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stressproteins（GRP78，CHOP）and apoptosis-related proteins（Cleaved-Caspase-12，Cleaved-Caspase-3，Cyt C，Bax/Bcl-2）was detected by Western blot. In addition，the level of ROS，as well as the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated after H9C2 cells incubating with LPZ alone or in combination with ROS inhibitor N-Acetyl-L-cysteine（NAC）for 48 h. Results：Lansoprazole could time-dependently increase the level of ROS，induce the expression of GRP78 and CHOP，and further increase the expression of Cleaved-Caspase-12，Cleaved-Caspase-3，Cyt C，and Bax/Bcl-2. NAC significantly reduced LPZ-induced ROS levels，and decreased the expression levels of GRP78，CHOP，Cleaved-Caspase-12，Cleaved-Caspase-3，Cyt C and Bax/Bcl-2. Conclusion：LPZ could induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis，and the mechanism may be related to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to clarify the similarities and differences of adaptive responses of different adipose tissues in C57BL/6J mice to cold stress. Methods：Mice were divided into two groups，the control group which were housed under room temperature individually and the cold stress group were housed under 6 ℃. Body weight，food intake and adipose tissue weight were measured. Adipose tissue morphology were observed by HE staining. The genes related to browning，mitochondrial function were quantified by qRT-PCR. The proteins related to thermogenesis were detected by Western blot. Adipose tissue sympathetic innervation was shown by IHC staining. Macrophages polarization were tested by flow cytometry. Results：Thermogenic gene Ucp-1 expression were most abundant in brown adipose tissues but could not be promoted by cold. By contrast，thermogenic gene expression could be stimulated by cold stress in beige adipose tissue in both mRNA and protein levels. Simultaneously，sympathetic innervation and macrophages M2 polarization could be induced in both brown and beige adipose tissue. Conclusion：Cold stress could promote sympathetic innervation and macrophage M2 polarization in beige adipose tissue which could induced browning. And cold stimulation has minimal role in regulating visceral white adipose tissues regarding themogenic gene expression and macrophage polarization.

Abstract:Objective：CLEC-2 signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of autophagy in megakaryocytes. However，the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study，CLEC-2 deficient mice were used to detect whether CLEC-2 plays an important role in autophagy. Methods：Megakaryocytes were isolated and cultured from 14.5 day pregnant mouse embryos. The expression of CLEC-2 and CD41 in megakaryocytes were detected. After rapamycin treatment，the expression of autophagy protein was detected. Results：Autophagy gene was highly expressed in megakaryocytes derived from fetal liver. After rapamycin treatment，the expression of CLEC-2 was decreased，indicating that CLEC-2 was involved in the regulation of autophagy. Compared with wild-type mice，the expression of CD41 and CD61 in megakaryocytes of CLEC-2 knockout mice was significantly decreased after rapamycin treatment. In vivo，rapamycin can significantly enhance the expression of LC3 protein in knockout mice. The defect in CLEC-2 can significantly reduce the number of polyploid megakaryocytes caused by autophagy disorder. And it also reduced the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 in megakaryocyte derived from fetal liver induced by rapamycin. Conclusion：CLEC-2 plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy of megakaryocytes.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to establish an animal model of immediate implantation for maxillary anterior teeth of New Zealand rabbits and observe its osseointegration at different time points. Methods：A total of 16 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups according to 2 week，4 week，8 week and 12 week，with 4 rabbits in each group. After surgery，maxillary specimens containing implants were collected at 2 week，4 week，8 week and 12 week，respectively. The characteristics of implant osseointegration at different time points after immediate implantation were studied by observation，Micro-CT scanning and tissue section staining. The maxillary anterior teeth of rabbits were extracted and pure titanium experimental implants were immediately implanted in the fresh extraction sockets. Maxillary specimens containing implants were collected at 2，4，8 and 12 weeks postoperatively，and the characteristics of implant osseointegration at different time points after immediate implantation were studied by general observation，Micro-CT scanning，and staining of tissue sections. Results：①General observation：the rabbits in each group had normal postoperative state，no obvious abnormality of appetite，good wound healing，and no loosening or falling off implants. ②Micro-CT analysis：the bone density and thickness at the thread of implant increased continuously with the extension of healing time after implantation. ③Histological examination：according to the time after implantation，the bone-implant contact ratio（BIC）measured by staining of hard tissue sections increased steadily，and the bone structure around the implant，as shown in the staining of decalcified maxilla sections，exhibited the evolution of scattered-island-cord-lamellar bone，indicating the formation of osseointegration. Many osteoclasts and inflammatory cells were observed in 2 week and 4 week groups，whereas almost no such cells in 8 week and 12 week groups，which had more red blood cells and yellow bone marrow. Conclusion：Performing implantation immediately after extraction of maxillary anterior teeth in rabbits can establish an animal model of immediate implantation，which provides a new way for observation of the osseointegration process after immediate implantation and in vivo study of titanium implants.

Abstract:Objective：Based on the high affinity between Cu2+and sulfur atom in clinical commonly used anti-cancer drug 6-thioguanine（6-TG），a novel ratiometric fluorescence method was constructed for the detection of 6-TG. Methods：The o-phenylenediamine（OPD）could be oxidized by Cu2+ to its yellow fluorescence product 2，3-diaminophenazine（DAP）at 560 nm. The fluorescence intensity of carbon dot（CD）at 450 nm could be quenched by DAP because of the inner filter effect（IFE）. However，in the presence of 6-TG，it would compete with OPD for binding Cu2+，resulting in the reduction of the oxidation product DAP and its yellow fluorescence. Therefore，the IFE between the CD and DAP was weakened，and the blue fluorescence of the CD was restored. The fluorescence intensity ratio（F450/F560）was linearly correlated with the concentration of 6-TG. Therefore，this probe could be used to quantitatively detect 6-TG. Results：With the increase of 6-TG，the fluorescence intensity ratio（F450/F560）was gradually enhanced. Under the optimal reaction conditions，the linear concentration of 6-TG ranged from 40.00 to 160.00 μmol/L with detection limits of 61.10 nmol/L，and the correlation coefficient R2 was 0.992. Conclusion：This probe possesses good selectivity，high accuracy and is easy to operate. In addition，it is practical and economical，and can be applied to determine the content of 6-TG tablet.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to investigate the related factors and prognosis of peripheral blood leukocyte（PBL）in elderly patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism（APTE）. Methods：Total 326 elderly patients over 60 years old that were hospitalized and diagnosed APTE in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to June 2019 were enrolled. Patients were divided into elevated PBL group（n=78）and normal PBL group（n=248）. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated to PBL elevation in elderly APTE patients，including the age，gender，D-dimer level，pulmonary embolism site，proximal deep vein thrombosis（DVT），distal DVT，basic diseases，deep venous catheterization，smoking history and glucocorticoid application. Results：The PBL in the group with proximal-distal lower extremity DVT was significantly higher than those in the group without DVT and the group with distal lower extremity DVT only（P < 0.05）. Statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that heart failure，recent（< 30 days）fracture，interstitial lung disease，and D-dimer levels were associated factors of elevated PBL in elderly patients with APTE（P < 0.05）. The incidence of adverse events（including mortality in hospital，use of vasoactive drugs，use of mechanical ventilation，cardiopulmonary resuscitation，etc.）in the elevated PBL group was higher than that in the normal PBL group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：The prognosis of elderly APTE patients with elevated PBL was worse. We need to pay more attention to elderly APTE patients with cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency and DVT in proximal-distal lower extremity.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to analyze the associations between preoperative serum tumor markers and the micropapillary and solid components in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods：Patients with invasive lung adenocarcinoma who underwent treatment in our department from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively screened. Preoperative serum tumor markers［carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA），carbohydrate antigen 199（CA19-9），carbohydrate antigen 724（CA724），neuron specific enolase（NSE），alpha fetoprotein（AFP）and cytokeratin 21 fragment antigen（CYFRA21-1）］，histopathological subtypes and other characteristics were collected. Student’s t-test，χ2 test，logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relations between serum tumor markers and the micropapillary and solid components，as well as other clinicopathological characteristics. Results：A total of 2 159 lung adenocarcinoma patients were enrolled in the current study. There were 291 and 248 patients harboring micropapillary and solid components，respectively. Among these six tumor markers，CEA and CYFRA21-1 levels were significantly associated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis（P < 0.001）. Patients with solid components had a higher CEA（2.92 ng/mL vs. 1.88 ng/mL，P < 0.001）and CYFRA21-1（2.20 ng/mL vs. 2.02 ng/mL，P < 0.001）level than those absence of solid components. Similarly，the expression levels of CEA（2.59 ng/mL vs. 1.92 ng/mL，P < 0.001）and CYFRA21-1（2.15 ng/mL vs. 2.03 ng/mL，P=0.009）in patients with micropapillary components were significantly higher than that in patients without micropapillary components. The univariate regression analysis indicated that gender，tumor size，CEA and CYFRA21-1 levels were significantly associated with solid and micropapillary components. However，the multivariate analysis showed that associations between CEA and solid（OR = 2.87，95%CI：2.03-4.06，P < 0.001），and micropapillary（OR = 2.36，95%CI：1.68-3.32，P < 0.001） components were still significant，while the associations between CYFRA21-1 and solid or micropapillary components were not significant anymore（P > 0.05）. Conclusion：The levels of preoperative serum CEA and CYFRA21-1 were associated with the micropapillary and solid components in lung adenocarcinoma patients，which could serve as predictive factors for the micropapillary and solid components in lung adenocarcinoma.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to compare the therapeutic effects of ablation therapy combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in the treatment of stage Ⅳ pancreatic cancer， and to explore the potential cytological mechanism of ablation therapy combined with chemotherapy. Methods：Patients with stage Ⅳ pancreatic cancer admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were divided into two groups：chemotherapy alone group（chemotherapy group，13 cases） and ablation therapy combined with chemotherapy group（ablation group，14 cases）. The clinical data of patients were analyzed. The tumor indexes，routine blood indexes，and survival rate were compared between these groups. To study the role of ultralow temperature on the permeability of pancreatic cancer cells，the permeability assay of pancreatic cancer cells was set up based on Boyden chambers. Results：The postoperative total bilirubin（TB） in ablation group was lower than that in chemotherapy group，while the postoperative albumin（ALB） in ablation group was higher than that in chemotherapy group（P < 0.01）. The levels of CA19-9 in two groups had no significant difference. The counts of both pre-treatmental and after-treatmental white blood cells and the percentages of neutrophils in ablation group were less than those in chemotherapy group（P < 0.05）. The count of pre-treatmental platelet in ablation group was more than that in chemotherapy group（P < 0.05）. In chemotherapy group， the count of after-treatmental red blood cells was less than the count of pre-treatmental red blood cells（P < 0.01）. In ablation group，the percentage of after-treatmental neutrophils was higher than that of pre-treatmental neutrophils（P < 0.01）. The survival of patients in ablation group was significantly longer than that in chemotherapy group（P=0.019）. The permeability of pancreatic cancer cells was incresded after the treatment of ultralow temperature. Conclusion：The patients with stage Ⅳ pancreatic cancer have longer survival rates after the treatment of ablation therapy combined with chemotherapy.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to analyze the distribution of antimicrobial resistance and the mode of aggregated multi-drug resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Guangzhou from 2012 to 2020. Methods：The clinical data of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection from 2012 to 2020 were collected；the preliminary identification was carried out by VITEK 2 Compact and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS，and verified again by Optoxin test and bile hemolysis test；the drug sensitivity spectrum was analyzed by VITEK 2 Compact and Kirby-Bauer method，the results were interpreted according to the CLSI2020 standard，and the data were statistically analyzed by WHONET5.6 and SPSS23.0 software. Results：A total of 1 110 strains were collected，of which 753 strains were included in the analysis，mainly from sputum samples（73.7%）. Among the infected patients，the male was on the high side（69.7%），and the age group was mainly concentrated in infants and children ≤5 years old（53.9%），the distribution of departments was mainly concentrated in ICU（51.4%）. Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 75.3% of the total isolates（567/753），from 66.7%（44/66）in 2012 to 93.9%（46/49）in 2020，showing an upward trend（P < 0.001）. The resistance rate of meropenem increased from 27.9%（17/61）to 58.7%（27/46），showing an obvious increasing trend（P < 0.001）. The resistance rate of penicillin decreased from 70.0%（7/10）to 18.4%（9/49）（P < 0.001）. Cefotaxime increased from 9.1%（1/11）to 32.6%（15/46）（P=0.063），but its upward trend can not be ignored and needs further monitoring. The resistance rates of erythromycin and tetracycline have been high. Multi-drug resistance mode appeared aggregation，the most important is mode A：tetracycline-compound sulfamethoxazole-erythromycin simultaneous resistance，accounting for 27.3%（155/567），other drug resistance modes are further developed on the basis of mode A. Conclusion：Multi-drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasing year by year，meropenem and cefotaxime are the key monitoring drugs，penicillin resistance tends to decrease，which can be used as empirical treatment. The mode of aggregate drug resistance suggests that it is possible to experience the failure of drug use，and regional rational use of antibiotics and regular monitoring of drug resistance is a long-term task.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to evaluate the reliability of salivary gland ultrasonic Young’s modulus（SGYM）in the diagnosis of Sjogren’s syndrome（SS）. Methods：SGYM of parotid gland，submandibular gland and sublingual gland in 45 patients with SS and 51 healthy volunteers were observed，and the differences of SGYM between the two groups were evaluated. To evaluate the consistency of SGYM measured by physicians and between physicians，the effects of gender，age，height，weight and gland thickness on the measurement of SGYM were observed. Results：There was no significant difference in bilateral SGYM between SS group and healthy group（P > 0.05）. The differences of SGYM between SS group and healthy group were statistically significant（P < 0.05）. The SGYM measured within and among doctors has good consistency. The intra group correlation coefficient within doctors is 0.751~0.933. The differences of the average value measured between doctors were 96.43%~99.02% within the consistency limit and its 95% confidence interval. SGYM was not affected by gender，age，height，weight and gland thickness. Conclusion：Regardless of SS patients or healthy volunteers，SGYM is not affected by the factors of examiners and subjects，and has good reliability.

Abstract:The research on targeted drugs for primary lung cancer has developed rapidly in recent years. Among them，epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors（EGFR-TKI），which aim on the EGFR gene target，can affect the vast majority of EGFR mutation patients and have good effect. However，EGFR-TKIs have little effect on patients with wild-type or drug-resistant mutations. Therefore，EGFR mutation status detected is needed before targeted therapy. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose（18F-FDG）positron emission tomography/computed tomography（PET/CT）can predict EGFR mutation status in patients who are not eligible for invasive genetic testing. This article reviewed the research progress of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the prediction of EGFR gene mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma.

Abstract:The early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer are essential for the prognosis of patients，and they can be realized by exploring the mechanism of precancerous lesions. Spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia（SPEM） is an important precancerous lesion of gastric cancer，which is closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer. However，the specific regulatory mechanism remains unclear. This article focuses on the pathogenesis and development of SPEM as well as its relationship with gastric cancer，which may provide new ideas for the pathogenesis，early prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.

Abstract:The early diagnostic rate of liver cancer is low. Most patients lose the opportunity for surgical resection when they are first diagnosed. It is not eligible for patients to achieve operations mainly due to deficient future liver remnant（FLR） which obstacles the development of liver surgery. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy（ALPPS） enables patients undergo radical excision by rapid liver hypertrophy，which significantly improves the prognosis of patients. Now ALPPS has substantially gained improvement，which was remarkably controversial for its safety issue in the early stage of practice. This review will elaborate the progress of clinical applications by synthesizing the articles concerning ALPPS.

Abstract:Irisin is a myokine with biological effects such as promoting white fat browning and improving insulin resistance. Recently，some studies have revealed that irisin has the functions of inhibiting pancreatic β-cell apoptosis，increasing glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue，promoting hepatic glycogen synthesis，and inhibiting gluconeogenesis and fat accumulation. Irisin can effectively maintain the glucose homeostasis in the body through the above effects. Based on the above theoretical studies，this paper aims to describe the role of irisin in regulating glucose homeostasis and its mechanism.

Abstract:Trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 27（H3K27me3）is one of the most common histone methylation modifications and is produced by polycomb repressive complex 2，while changes in the components of polycomb repressive complex 2，such as altered function or overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog-2 will show an imbalance in H3K27me3 expression，resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation and differentiation and leading to tumorigenesis. Loss of histone modification of H3K27me3 has been found in a variety of tumors，for example，breast，ovarian，and pancreatic cancers. However，there is heterogeneity in the expression and prognosis of H3K27me3 in different tumors. In this paper，the expression and biological function of H3K27me3 in different tumors and its value in the diagnosis，treatment and prognosis of tumors were summarized and investigated，providing new ideas for the study of tumors.