Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects and mechanism of PLOD2 on oxaliplatin chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Methods：A2780 cells and OV1063 cells were infected with the lentivirus encoding shRNA against PLOD2 or lentivirus encoding OERNA against PLOD2 respectively. The stably transfected cell lines were selected by puromycin. The expression levels of PLOD2 were detected by qRT⁃PCR and Western blot. CCK⁃8 proliferation test，clone formation assay and flow cytometry were used to detect effects of oxaliplatin on cell proliferation and apoptosis. The xenograft nude mouse tumor model was used to observe inhibition effect of oxaliplatin on tumor growth after PLOD2 downregulation；The mRNA and protein expressions of BCRP and MRP1 were detected by qRT ⁃ PCR and Western blot. Results：The mRNA and protein expressions of shPLOD2(transfected with PLOD2 shRNA)and OEPLOD2(transfected with PLOD2 OERNA)were significantly lower or higher compared with the control groups(transfected with the scrambled shRNA or OERNA). At the same concentration of oxaliplatin，the shPLOD2 group showed higher proliferation inhibition rate，the IC50 value of the shPLOD2 was lower，the ability of clone formation of shPLOD2 group decreased significantly，and the apoptosis rate increased significantly than those in the control group. In contrast，at the same concentration of oxaliplatin，the OEPLOD2 group showed lower proliferation inhibition rate，the IC50 value of the OEPLOD2 was higher，the ability of clone formation of OEPLOD2 group increased significantly，and the apoptosis rate decreased significantly than those in the control group. Compared withthe shControl group，the volume and weight of transplanted tumors in the shPLOD2 group under oxaliplatin treatment were significantly decreased. The mRNA and protein expressions of chemoresistance ⁃ related gene BCRP and MRP1 decreased after interference with PLOD2 expression. However，the mRNA and protein expressions of chemoresistance ⁃ related gene BCRP and MRP1 increased after PLOD2 overexpression. Conclusion：The study suggests that PLOD2 can intensify the oxaliplatin chemoresistance of ovarian cancer， which may be related to the upregulation of BCRP and MRP1 expression.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the immunoregulatory effect of tolerogenic dendritic cells(tolDCs)loaded with hybrid insulin peptides(HIPs)on diabetogenic BDC2.5 T cells. Methods：Bone marrow derived imature DCs(iDCs)of non ⁃obese diabetic(NOD) mice were induced with cytokines，and additional vitamin D3 was added to generate tolDCs. After 24 h stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)，the supernatants of LPS⁃iDCs and LPS⁃tolDCs were collected to detect cytokines IL⁃12p70 and TGF⁃β，and the phenotype of the above DCs was identified by morphology and flow cytometry. Diabetogenic T cells，namely BDC2.5 CD4+ T cells were incubated with HIPs ⁃ loaded DCs for 3 days，and the proliferation，activation and regulatory T cells(Tregs)production were detected. Results：Phenotypic identification results showed that tolDCs had low expression of costimulatory molecules CD80，CD86， and high expression of coinhibitory molecule PD⁃L1. The phenotype of tolDCs remained stable under the stimulation of LPS，and the secretion of IL⁃12p70 was low while the secretion of TGF⁃β was high compared with LPS⁃iDCs. Both tolDCs and LPS⁃tolDCs loaded with HIPs could inhibit the proliferation and activation of BDC2.5 T cells and induce the production of antigen ⁃ specific Tregs. Conclusion：HIPs loaded tolerogenic dendritic cells can inhibit the proliferation and activation of diabetogenic BDC2.5 T cells and promote the production of Tregs through their stable tolerance phenotype and function.

Abstract:Objective：High ⁃throughput sequencing analysis was performed in adult islets RNAs of normal mice and intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)mice during pregnancy，which screened out differentially expressed long non ⁃coding RNA(lncRNA)and messenger RNA(mRNA)to provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of islet dysfunction in pregnant mice born with IUGR. Methods：Islet RNAs were extracted from IUGR and normal pregnant mice for high⁃throughput sequencing analysis. The differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were screened and association analysis between them was performed. We conducted gene ontology(GO)analyisis，Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genome(KEGG)enrichment analysis on taget mRNAs of differentially expressed lncRNAs. Emphasis was placed on the highly differentially expressed lncRNAs，especially those that may be involved in the regulation of islet function during pregnancy. Results：There were 1 007 differentially expressed lncRNAs between IUGR pregnancy (IP)and normal pregnancy(NP)，among which 483 were up⁃regulated and 524 were down⁃regulated. Fifty mRNAs were differentially expressed，of which 22 were up ⁃ regulated and 28 were down ⁃ regulated. The GO analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs’target mRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs showed that biological process(BP)mainly focused on cellular and tissue processes， biological regulation，metabolism and stress processes；molecular functions(MF)were concentrated in integration，catalytic activity， transport activity，molecular function regulation，etc. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted the involvement of metabolic pathway， cancer pathway，biosynthesis of secondary metabolites，PI3K ⁃AKT pathway and MAPK pathway. We furether analysed lncRNA FTX and Neat1. The expression level of FTX in normal mice and IUGR mice during pregnancy decreased(P ＜ 0.001)，while lncRNA Neat1 increased(P ＜ 0.01). FTX and Neat1 exhibited significantly difference in the expression between IP and NP(P ＜ 0.05)，and both were regulated by glucose concentration. The association between lncRNA FTX and its target mRNAs was trans ⁃ action. The association between lncRNA Neat1 and Frmd8 was cis⁃action，while the rest were trans⁃action. Conclusion：In this study，differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in adult islets of normal mice and intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)mice during pregnancy were screened. Besides，lncRNAs can regulate target mRNAs through different interaction modes，thus influencing glucose metabolis

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the role and mechanism of cardiolipin acyltransferase 1(ALCAT1)in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS)⁃ induced lung adenocarcinoma. Methods：In the animal experiments，the CC10rtta ⁃ KRAS mice were knocked out of the ALCAT1 gene，and induced lung adenocarcinoma with doxycycline diet. The occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma in mice was analyzed by micro⁃computed tomography(micro⁃CT)and HE staining. In the cell experiments，A549 cells were divided into the control group，Jenu group，hypoxia group and hypoxia + Jenu group，cobalt chloride(CoCl2)treatment was used to simulate hypoxic conditions，and ALCAT1 inhibitor Jenu was used to inhibit its enzymatic activity. The reactive oxygen species(ROS)and lactate levels were measured using kits in cells. Moreover，the mRNA transcription and protein expression of the related signal molecules were detected by RT ⁃ PCR and Western blot. Results：The results of animal experiments showed that ALCAT1 deficiency slowed the development of lung adenocarcinoma in mice and reduced lung tumor size. The results of cell experiments showed that Jenu significantly decreased the production of ROS and lactate under hypoxia，and down⁃regulated the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α(HIF1α)and the phosphorylation level of Akt. Conclusion：ALCAT1 deficiency could inhibit ROS generation and down⁃regulate HIF1α expression and Akt phosphorylation level，thereby improving the glycolysis metabolism in the tumor，ultimately preventing the development of lung adenocarcinoma.

Abstract:Objective：Based on the protein structure of SALL1，the homology of SALL1 protein between pig and human was analyzed. Bama miniature pig fetal fibroblast cell lines with Sall1 gene knocked⁃out were developed in order to providing experimental donor cells for obtaining a pig renal development deficiency model via somatic cell nuclear transfer. Methods：Firstly，bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the structural of SALL1 protein between human，pig and mouse. Secondly，sgRNA was designed on the first exon of pig Sall1 gene and connected to PX330 plasmid to construct Sall1 gene knockout target vector. Then，through the initial cells transfection，the targeting efficiency of PX330⁃sgRNA vector was verified by Sall1 gene sequencing analysis. Finally，the vector was transfected into primary porcine fetal fibroblasts(PFFs). The monoclonal cells were obtained through drug screening and their genotypes were identified. Results：Bioinformatics analysis showed that pig SALL1 protein was more similar to human counterparts than mouse. CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector for Sall1 gene targeting was constructed and 33 monoclonal cell lines were obtained， among them 16 Sall1 biallelic mutant cell lines were identified by gene sequencing. Conclusion：Bioinformatics methods confirmed the higher homology of human and porcine SALL1 proteins. Sall1-/- cell lines were obtained by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology， which will provided research materials for studying the role of Sall1 gene on the development of pig kidney，and lay a foundation for obtaining the porcine renal development deficiency model in the next step.

Abstract:Objective：Prepare temperature/ultrasound dual⁃responsive lipid phasE-change droplet(LPCD)and combine them with hydrogels to regulate liquid⁃gas transitions in the core of lipid droplets by temperature or low intensity focused ultrasound(LIFU)，and then regulate the structure and mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Methods：Firstly，perfluorohexane(PFH)phase ⁃ change droplets of lipid membrane shell were prepared by thin⁃film hydration method. The morphological changes and phase transition ability under the control of temperature and LIFU were characterized. At the same time，the contrast ⁃enhanced ability of LPCD before and after liquid⁃gas phase transition was evaluated. On this basis，it was combined with hydrogels，and the effects of temperature/ultrasound induced droplet transition on the internal structure，buoyancy and mechanical properties of hydrogels were evaluated by characterization. Results：LPCD had good phase transition ability and contrast ⁃ enhanced ultrasound ability under the control of temperature or ultrasound. Lipid droplet phase transitions caused many micropores inside the hydrogel，which significantly improved buoyancy，varying compressive stress and swelling properties. Conclusion：Lipid phasE-change droplets⁃hydrogel composite material (LPCD@Hy)is a kind of potential intelligent response micro/nano material for diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:Objective：Preparation and characterization of a thermo⁃sensitive hydrogel consisting of hyaluronic acid(HA)，hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)and glycerol，and loaded with antimicrobial peptide Funme(FP). Methods：HA/HPMC/Glycerol⁃FP hydrogels were synthesized by physical cross ⁃ linking，and the thermosensitive behavior of the hydrogels was analyzed. The physicochemical properties of the hydrogels were characterized by rheological test，Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The biocompatibility and antibacterial activities were also investigated in vitro. A full⁃thickness skin defect model with a diameter of 10 mm was constructed on the back of the mouse and the wound healing rate was recorded after treatment with hydrogel. Results：HA/HPMC/Glycerol⁃FP hydrogel exhibited desirable gel temperature when the ratio of HA，HPMC and glycerol was 2∶7∶20 and no chemical reactions occurred during hydrogelation. Moreover，the hydrogel exhibited good biocompatibility on L929 cells and showed a significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli(E. coli). Animal experiments showed that wound healing in the HA/ HPMC/Glycerol⁃FP group was significantly better than the control group. Conclusion：HA/HPMC/Glycerol⁃FP is a conductive material that has great application prospects in bio⁃medical dressings.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to investigate the antibacterial function of biodegradable magnesium(Mg) reinforced polylactic acid(PLA)composite membranes. Methods：In the present study，Mg/PLA composite membranes were prepared by loading different proportions of Mg particles into PLA matrix for guided bone regeneration(GBR). The surface morphology of samples were observed by scanning electron microscope，and the mechanical performance of the composites was detected by the electro⁃mechanical universal testing machines. We immersed the material in phosphate buffered saline(PBS)and detected the pH variation during the degradation of 24 h. MC3T3⁃E1 cell line，L929 cell line were used to detect biocompatibility of the material degradation product by CCK⁃8 method. Besides，we observe the growth of E.coli and S.aureus on the surface of material with scanning electron microscopy and bacterial plate counting. Results：Results showed that 10% wt and 20% wt of Mg ehanced the mechanical strength of the material， however，the high Mg content(40%wt)weekened the enhancement effect of Mg particles on the mechanical properties of PLA. The degradation products of PLA or any of the composites showed good biocompatibility. And 20% wt Mg/PLA and 40% wt Mg/PLA composite membranes had obvious antibacterial functions，and the antibacterial rate increased with the increase of Mg content. Conclusion：Mg/PLA composite material has a good improvement on the mechanical properties and antibacterial effect of polymer，expecting to be used as a barrier membrane material for GBR.

Abstract:Objective：Though determining the free hexafluoro ⁃isopropanol(HFIP)concentration in blood of SD rats anesthetized with different sevoflurane concentrations for different time，the change of free HFIP concentration in rats’blood was observed，and the relationship between inhaled sevoflurane concentration and free HFIP concentration in blood was also analyzed among the three groups. Methods：One hundred and fourteen healthy adult SD rats were selected，in which 6 rats were used to determine the blood/gas partition coefficient(B/G)of HFIP，and the rest 108 rats were randomly divided into three groups(S1，S2，and S3)with 36 rats in each group，and anesthetized by sevoflurane with different concentrations(1.16%，2.32%，and 3.48%)，respectively. Every 6 rats in each group were accepted anesthesia by inhaled sevoflurane with a preset concentration for 0.5，1.0，1.5，2.0，3.0，and 4.0 h，respectively. First，the blood/gas partition coefficient of HFIP samples was measured by the two⁃stage headspace equilibration，and then the actual free HFIP concentration in the blood of anesthetized rats was measured by the onE-stage headspace equilibration. At the same time，the sevoflurane concentration and blood/gas partition coefficient in the blood of anesthetized rats were determined by the two ⁃ stage headspace equilibrium method. Both the curves of free HFIP concentration in blood and inhaled sevoflurane concentration vs.anesthesia time were made，and the relationship among them was analyzed. Results：Free HFIP were detected and its peak value occurred at 1.0 hr after inhaled sevoflurane anesthesia in each group，and after that decreased along with the prolong of anesthesia time. Compared with group S1，the free HFIP concentration in group S2 was higher at each corresponding time point(P ＜ 0.05)，but except for the time point of 4.0 h，no significant differences were found in group S3 at corresponding time points(P ＞ 0.05). Compared with group S2，the free HFIP concentration in group S3 was significantly lower at each corresponding time point(P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion： The free HFIP concentration in blood shows a tendency from initial increase to subsequent decrease with the prolongation of sevoflurane anesthesia time. When the inhaled sevoflurane concentration increases to 3.48%，the generation of free HFIP is decreased and the metabolism of sevoflurane is inhibited.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the production of drug antibodies in tumor patients treated with cefoperazone and meropenem， and to provide the basis for rational use of antibiotics and accurate medical treatment. Methods：Microcolumn gel method was used to detect the production of antibodies in 501 cases of tumor patients after using cefoperazone and meropenem，and influencing factors were analyzed. Results：The positive rate of cefoperazone drug antibody in tumor patients was 30.54%(124/406)，and the positive rate of meropenem drug antibody was 40.00%(38/95). The cefoperazone and meropenem drug antibody were mainly detected in patients with blood system diseases，of which the positive rates was 36.43% and 40.96% respectively. The results of different age groups showed that the positive rate of cefoperazone drug antibody was the highest in 31~40 years old group，reaching 70.37%. The positive rate of meropenem drug antibody was the highest in 41~50 years old group，reaching 86.67% . Conclusion：The use of cefoperazone and meropenem in tumor patients could induce drug antibodies and the production of drug antibodies is related to disease，gender，and age.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to use the data from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database to construct a survival prognostic model composed of m5C methylation⁃related genes，and to analyze the independent prognostic factors related to the survival of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma(RCCC)to predict the prognosis of RCCC. Methods：The data of patients with RCCC were downloaded from the TCGA database，m5C methylation⁃related genes were obtained from the published literature，and their differential expression between the tumor group and the control group was analyzed. Consensus clustering analysis was then performed to reveal the relationship between m5C methylation ⁃ related genes and prognosis of RCCC. A survival prognostic model was constructed by univariate Cox analysis and Lasso ⁃Cox regression analysis to analyze the prognostic factors associated with RCCC. Finally，GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed to further explore biological functions and potential signaling pathways. In addition，we also performed qRT ⁃PCR experiments to measure the differential expression of m5C methylation ⁃ related genes between cancer cells and normal cell lines or between RCCC and adjacent normal tissue. Results：We found that m5C methylation ⁃ related genes were differentially expressed between the tumor group and the normal group in RCCC. The results of consensus clustering analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with RCCC in cluster 1 was better than that in cluster 2.The constructed survival prognostic model divided RCCC into high⁃risk group and low⁃risk group. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis showed that grade and stage may be independent prognostic factors for RCCC. GO and KEGG analysis showed that m5C ⁃ RNA modification helps to regulate the progression of RCCC. In addition，qRT ⁃ PCR experiments also confirmed that m5C methylation ⁃ related genes are differentially expressed between the tumor group and the normal group in RCCC. Conclusion：The survival prognostic model of m5C methylation⁃related genes constructed by this research can predict the prognosis of patients with RCCC.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the clinical，pathological characteristics and prognosis of 1 102 renal cancer patients in the Urology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in the past ten years. Methods：Collected clinical and prognostic follow ⁃ up information of 1 102 patients who were operated at the Department of Urology，the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2009 to December 2018. Results：The high incidence of kidney cancer was 56 years old (14~91 y)，and the male and female ratios were 66.2% and 33.8%，respectively. The proportion of left and right kidney cancer was 48.1% and 50.5%，and the proportion of bilateral kidney cancer was 1.4%. The average tumor diameter was 4.45 cm(0.2~17.0 cm)， and the proportions of radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy were 51.5% and 48.5% ，respectively. The most common pathological type is clear cell carcinoma. The onE-year survival rate after renal cancer surgery and the fivE-year survival rate after surgery were 93.1%. Age over 65 y(HR=1.64)，bilateral tumor(HR=3.71)，radical nephrectomy(HR=3.08)，open surgical approach (HR=2.35)，longer hospitalization time(more than 28 days，HR=3.69)，larger tumor diameter(greater than 7 cm and less than 10 cm， HR=4.68，greater than or equal to 10 cm，HR=6.55)and later clinical stage(stage Ⅱ，Ⅲ and Ⅳ，HR were 4.65，2.65 and 5.80， respectively)，all of which were risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients. Conclusion：Renal clear cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney，and the overall prognosis after surgical treatment is better. The influencing factors found in this study are useful to guide the clinical precision treatment and improve the prognosis of patients.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the efficacy and safety of different doses of preoperative phloroglucinol in retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS). Methods：A total of 329 patients in this study were divided into two groups based on the preoperative use of different doses of phloroglucinol，177 cases in the treatment group[67 cases in the normal dose group(80~120 mg)and 110 cases in the high dose group(160~200 mg)]and 152 cases in the control group. Furthermore，all patients with successful UAS insertion were divided into two groups based on the preoperative use of different doses of phloroglucinol，170 cases were included into the treatment group [64 cases in the normal dose group(80~120 mg)and 106 cases in the high dose group(160~200 mg)]while 130 cases were included into the control group. The baseline information of patients，the success rate of UAS insertion，the stonE-free rate，complication rate，the frequencies of postoperative analgesic drugs，operation time，hospital stays and total drug side effects were collected and analyzed. Results：The success rate of UAS insertion in control and treatment group was 85.50% and 96.00%，which were significantly different (P ＜ 0.05). In the control group and treatment group of the successful UAS insertion，the first⁃stage stonE-free rates were 39.23% and 82.94% . Stone ⁃free rates in first month were 59.23% and 92.35%，the average frequencies of postoperative analgesic drugs were (5.51±1.43)times and(3.70±1.36)times，the average operative time were(103.79±39.37)minutes and(70.14±26.31)minutes，whichall were significantly different(P ＜ 0.05). In the normal dose group and high dose group of the successful UAS insertion，the first⁃stage stone ⁃ free rates were 70.31% and 90.57%，stone ⁃ free rates in first month were 85.94% and 96.23%，the average frequencies of postoperative analgesic drugs were(4.13±1.56)times and(3.44±1.17)times，the average operative time were(75.78±21.71)minutes and(66.74±28.29)minutes，the average hospital stays were(4.09±2.47)days and(3.04±1.75)days，which were also significantly different(P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion：Preoperative intravenous infusion of phloroglucinol is safe and effective for RIRS，improving the success rate of UAS insertion，the first⁃stage and onE-month stonE-free rate as well as reducing postoperative pain and operative time. In addition，higher doses of phloroglucinol are more effective than normal doses.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the incidence of hypotension in women with preeclampsia undergoing lumbar anesthesia cesarean. Methods：A total of 100 pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were divided into SE group (preeclampsia group)and H group(normal parturient group)，50 cases in each group. After successful lumbar anesthesia puncture， 1.5 mL 0.75% ropivacaine and fentanyl mixture was injected into subarachnoid sapce；SBP，DBP，MAP and HR were recorded before anesthesia(T0)，3 min(T1)，6 min(T2)，9 min(T3)，12 min(T4)，and 15 min(T5)after anesthesia，at delivery(T6)，5 min after delivery(T7)and at the end of operation(T8). The total amount of ephedrine and phenylephrine used during operation were recorded. Results：The incidence of hypotension was 20% in SE group，lower than that in H group(50%)(P ＜ 0.05). The percentage of MAP decrease at T1~T4 time point was significantly lower than that in H group(P ＜ 0.05). The usage of ephedrine in SE group was lower than that in H group(3.5±1.8)mg vs.(8.5±2.6)mg(P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion：The incidence of hypotension in women with preeclampsia undergoing lumbar anesthesia cesarean section with low dose local anesthesia combined with opioids is lower than that of healthy women with full ⁃ term cesarean section. Enhance anesthesia management，lumbar anesthesia can be used safely for preeclampsia parturient.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of patients with drug ⁃induced liver injury(DILI)，so as to provide basis for its prevention and treatment. Methods：The clinical materials of 416 patients with DILI in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2017 to December 2020 were reviewed. The demographic data，suspicious drugs， clinical characteristics，laboratory examination results and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results：Among 416 DILI patients， there were 161 males(38.70%)and 255 females(61.30%)，and their ages mainly distributed between 40~59 years old(46.39%)， followed by ≥60 years old(31.50%). The main clinical manifestations included fatigue，darker urine，yellow skin and sclera，and gastrointestinal symptoms. The main type of injuries was hepatocellular injury(52.64%)，followed by mixed type(23.80%)and cholestatic type(23.56%). The most common drug causing DILI was Chinese herbal and patent medicine(56.25%). Patients with hepatocellular type had the best overall prognosis，with cure and improvement rates of 10.05% and 88.58% respectively，and a failure rate of 1.37%. Conclusion：A number of drugs may cause DILI，and the clinical manifestations were nonspecific. Most patients have a good prognosis after active treatment，but some patients still progress or die，which needs more clinical attention.

Abstract:Objective：The human microbiota and the host constitute a mutually restricted and coordinated microecological balance， which is indispensable for human health. Microecological imbalance caused by various reasons may be an important pathogenic factor of many diseases in human body. In recent years，the research on female reproductive tract microbial community，intestinal flora and diseases has made a breakthrough，suggesting that they may play an important role in the occurrence，development and prognosis of obstetrics complications including preterm birth and gestational diabetes mellitus. In addition，it’s undeniable that the microbiota of the maternal reproductive tract，breast milk and intestinal tract may also influence the development and function of the neonate metabolism，immune system and nervous system. Here we review the studies on the impact of female reproductive tract flora and intestinal microbiota on pregnancy and offspring，in order to provide a new perspective and new ideas for future research.

Abstract:Lymphotoxin α，β and its receptor(LTAR，LTBR)belong to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. LTBR signaling has a variety of physiological functions. It includes controlling the development of lymphoid organs，maintaining intact lymphoid structure， inducing immune response against pathogens，mediating the regeneration of organs and tissues，and participating in the evolution and development of tumors. The non ⁃ classical/classical nuclear transcription factor ⁃ kappaB(NF ⁃ κB)pathway through LTBR signaling induces the secretion of chemokines and adhesion molecules to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. LTBR signaling not only plays a role in autoimmune diseases，but also has different anti ⁃ cancer and pro ⁃ cancer functions through different models. In this paper，we will also focus on the regeneration mechanism of LTBR signal after organ development and related tissue damage，so as to open up a new perspective for regenerative medicine.