Abstract:Objective：The current study aims to explore the effect of hydroxychloroquine（HCQ）on dextran sulfate sodium salt（DSS）- induced colitis in mice and to reveal the underlying mechanisms of HCQ in the inhibition of M1 macrophage polarisation. Methods：All the C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups：the control group（common drinking water+200 μL pure water by gavage），DSS group（3.5% DSS drinking water+200 μL pure water by gavage）and DSS+HCQ group（3.5% DSS drinking water+200 μL HCQ of 60 mg/kg by gavage）. The disease activity index（DAI）score was evaluated according to stool property and body weight changes every day. The mice in each group were sacrificed after modeling experiment with the colon length measured. The colon tissues were stained with haematoxylin and eosin（HE）for histological score calculation. The colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells were isolated and the proportion of M1 macrophages was measured by flow cytometry. In vitro，bone marrow-derived macrophages were isolated and treated with HCQ，and the proportion of M1 macrophages was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of p-STAT1，IRF5，NF-κB /p65， etc in the macrophages were detected by Western blot. Results：HCQ ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and significantly decreased the percentage of M1 macrophages in colon in DSS-induced colitis mice. In vitro，HCQ significantly repressed M1 polarisation and decreased the phosphorylation of NF-κB and the downstream of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3）inflammasome formation in M1 macrophages. The similar results were observed with PDTC（an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling） treatment. Conclusion：HCQ attenuates colonic inflammation in mice by supressing M1 macrophage polarization through the inhibition of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective：The current study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1（STAT1）on cancer-related gene Gas6. Methods：The database was used to predict the results of the gene cluster analysis of breast cancer，and to predict the correlation between Gas6 and STAT1 in multiple cancers. The binding of STAT1 to Gas6 promoter was tested by chromatin immunoprecipitation（ChIP）assays. The binding sites of STAT1 on Gas6 promoter were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and identified by mutation plasmid construction，and the effects of binding site mutation on activity of Gas6 promoter was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of knockdown and overexpression of STAT1 on Gas6 mRNA and protein expression were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot，respectively. Results：Gas6 was a highly expressed gene in breast cancer. Gas6 was positively associated with STAT1 in multiple cancers. The Gas6 promoter contained binding sites of STAT1. STAT1 positively regulateed Gas6 at transcriptional levels. Conclusion：The cancer related gene Gas6 is a direct target gene for transcription factor STAT1.

Abstract:Objective：The purpose of the current study was to explore the effect and possible mechanism of miR-449c on the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods：Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed microRNAs between samples with lung adenocarcinoma patients at a high risk of recurrence（disease-free survival ≤6 months）and samples with lung adenocarcinoma patients at a low risk of recurrence（disease -free survival >60 months）. Target gene prediction and pathway analysis were used to analysis possible mechanisms. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-449c in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines. miR-449c and c-Myc were overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines by cell transfection experiments. Cell growth activity was determined by CCK-8. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used for relevant protein expression. Results：The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that the expression of miR-449c was significantly decreased in the group of lung adenocarcinoma patients at a high risk of recurrence， compared with that at a low risk of recurrence. The expression of miR-449c was significantly correlated with the clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The prognosis of patients with low miR-449c expression was significantly worse than that of patients with high miR-449c expression. Pathway and functional analysis indicated that miR-449c may be involved in cell cycle progression. Compared with normal tissues，miR-449c was significantly lower expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues.Overexpression of miR-449c inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation，resulted in cell cycle arrest in G1 phase，and downregulated the expression of c-Myc and its downstream cyclins. Overexpression of c-Myc could partially counteract the inhibition of cyclin by miR -449c. Overexpression of miR-449c could also partially counteract the up-regulation of cyclin expression by c -Myc. Conclusion：Lung adenocarcinoma patients with low expression of miR-449c have a poor prognosis. Overexpression of miR-449c can regulate the lung adenocarcinoma cell cycle by downregulating c -Myc to inhibit the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. The results suggest that miR-449c may be one of the potential therapeutic targets for lung adenocarcinoma.

Abstract:Objective：The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of RGFP966，a histone deacetylase 3 inhibitor，on the proliferation and cell cycle of gastric cancer cells，as well as its underlying mechanism. Methods：The activity of MKN- 45 and MGC-803 cell lines treated with RGFP966 was assessed using the CCK-8 method. The cytoclonal ability of gastric cancer cells in response to RGFP966 was examined using a cell cloning assay. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the cell cycle distribution. The protein expressions of Ki-67，c-Myc，Cyclin A2，Cyclin D1，and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were evaluated through Western blot analysis. Results：Compared with the control group，RGFP966 significantly inhibited the proliferation and clonal ability of MKN- 45 and MGC-803 gastric cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that RGFP966 induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore，treatment with RGFP966 resulted in reduced levels of the proliferation-related proteins Ki-67 and c-Myc，as well as decreased expressions of Cyclin A2 and Cyclin D1. Moreover，RGFP966 significantly suppressed the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT. Conclusion：Our findings indicate that RGFP966 inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. These effects may be attributed to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by RGFP966.

Abstract:Objective：The efficacy of total glucosides of paeony（TGP）in the treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome（SS）and its relationship with inhibition of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain（NOD）-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3（NLRP3） inflammasome activation were investigated，so as to clarify the novel mechanisms of TGP on treatment of SS. Methods：Female non-obese diabetic mice were selected as the model of SS. The non-obese diabetic mice were intragastric administrated with TGP（400 mg/kg）for 1 month. The saliva flow rates of mice were measured. The lymphocyte infiltration in submandibular gland was determined. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation of spleen was detected. In vitro，the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in cultured splenocytes with 100 μg/mL TGP treatment. Then，the NLRP3 inflammasome activation was determined by RT -qPCR and Western blot. Results：Compared with the mice of control group，the saliva flow rates were significantly increased（P＜0.05）and the lymphocyte infiltration in submandibular gland was significantly reduced in non-obese diabetic mice of TGP treatment group. The NLRP3 inflammasome of spleen was inhibited in non-obese diabetic mice with TGP treatment（P＜0.05）. In vitro，the NLRP3 inflammasome activation of splenocytes was also suppressed by TGP（P＜0.05）. Conclusion：TGP alleviates SS-like symptoms in non-obese diabetic mice，and these beneficial effects are related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings not only uncover the novel mechanisms of therapeutic effects of TGP in SS，but also provide new evidences for application of TGP in treatment of SS patients.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of non-small lung cancer（NSCLC）patients harboring SMARCA4 mutation，and detect the clinical significance of SMARCA4 gene via bioinformatics method. Methods：Clinical data from 35 patients with NSCLC harboring SMARCA4 mutations were retrospectively reviewed. According to the type of co-mutated gene，the patients were divided into several groups. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. The expression of SMARCA4 in NSCLC tissue and normal lung tissue was investigated by TIMER database and GEPIA database. The cBioPortal database was used to analyze frequencies and types of SMARCA4 gene mutation，as well as the relationship of SMARCA4 mutation and prognosis. SMARCA4- related protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database. Results：SMARCA4-mutated NSCLC patients were mainly old males，and lung adenocarcinoma was the main pathological type. The accompanying mutated genes included EGFR（14 cases），TP53（11 cases），KRAS（4 cases），ERBB2（4 cases），etc. Survival analysis found that the prognosis of patients with EGFR mutation was better than that of wild type，while the prognosis of patients with KRAS mutation was worse than that of wild type. Bioinformatics analysis showed that 8% of NSCLC patients carried SMARCA4 gene mutation，including missense mutations，splicing mutations and deletion mutations. In general，lung adenocarcinoma patients with SMARCA4 mutations had a poorer prognosis than wild- type patients. Conclusion：SMARCA4 mutations may affect the prognosis of NSCLC patients，and the accompanied mutations may have different effects on the prognosis，providing specific evidence for the precise treatment of lung cancer.

Abstract:Objective：The study aims to determine the risk factors affecting postoperative survival in patients with alpha-fetoprotein （AFP）negative（AFP＜20 ng/mL）hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）. Methods：A total of 479 patients with HCC who underwent radical resection were recruited in the current study. Independent prognostic factors for AFP-negative HCC patients were determined using univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the probability of survival，and log- rank tests were performed. Results：Age（HR=1.047，95% CI：1.002-1.094），carcinoembryonic antigen（HR=1.151，95% CI：1.027- 1.290），carbohydrate antigen 19-9（HR=1.053，95% CI：1.002-1.105），aspartate aminotransferase（HR=1.031，95% CI：1.001-1.070） and tumor size（HR=1.289，95% CI：1.161- 1.432）were independent risk factors for survival in AFP-negative HCC patients. The elevated values of the 5 risk factors had negative impacts on prognosis and were independent risk factors for overall survival（OS）（P＜ 0.05）. OS was longer in AFP-negative HCC patients than in AFP-positive HCC patients（P＜ 0.001）. Conclusion：AFP-negative patients undergoing surgical treatment for HCC are required attention to liver function and tumor markers，especially in patients older than 65 years and with tumor size larger than 6 cm.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the factors of spontaneous recanalization（SR）and its impact on long-term prognosis in patients with acute ST -segment elevation myocardial infarction（STEMI）. Methods：The study consecutively enrolled patients diagnosed with STEMI and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention in Nanjing First Hospital from July 2011 to April 2019. Patients were divided into the SR group（TIMI flow grade 0-1）and the non -SR group（TIMI flow grade 2-3）based on the results of coronary angiography. The data of the two groups were collected，including general clinical data，laboratory test results，coronary angiography and drug treatment. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. Results：Total 1 124 patients were enrolled，including 272 patients （24.2%）in the SR group and 852 patients（75.8%）in the non-SR group. Patients with SR were significantly decreased in proportions of hypertension，creatine kinase isoenzyme -MB（CK -MB）peak value，creatinine levels，uric acid levels，thrombus vessel aspiration rate，intra-aortic balloon pump（IABP）implantation rate and in-hospital mortality，compared with the non-SR group. However，the left ventricular ejection fraction was higher in the SR group than in the non-SR group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension was a disadvantage for SR（OR=0.744，95%CI：0.561-0.985，P=0.039）. The follow-up period was 79（61，101）months， during which 124 patients occurred all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that there was no significant difference in survival time between the SR group and the non-SR group（log-rank P=0.182）. Multivariate COX regression analysis revealed that age， Killip classification，creatinine，in-hospital IABP implantation，left ventricular ejection fraction，single-vessel disease，ticagrelor and β -blocker were independent predictors of all-cause death in STEMI patients. Conclusion：Nearly 1/4 of STEMI patients occur SR before the primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Hypertension is an unfavorable factor for SR occurrence. However，long -term follow-up reveals that SR does not reduce all-cause mortality in STEMI patients.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to compare transthoracic echocardiography（TTE）and transesophageal echocardiography （TEE）combined with contrast echocardiography in the evaluation of right -to -left shunt（RLS）of patent foramen ovale（PFO），and propose the optimal diagnostic strategy. Methods：A retrospective study was conducted on 186 patients admitted the cardiovascular department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from February 2020 to February 2022 with cryptogenic stroke （CS），transient ischemic attack（TIA）and migraine who were confirmed to have a patent foramen ovale（PFO）through TEE or cardiac catheterization. Both contrast transthoracic echocardiography（cTTE）and contrast transesophageal echocardiography（cTEE）were performed. In addition，during cTEE，the operator clenched their fist and placed it on the patient’s abdomen，applying pressure and then releasing it，while the patient performed a Valsalva maneuver. The number of microbubbles appearing in the left atrium and left ventricle within three cardiac cycles was observed to assess the degree of RLS at the level of the interatrial septum. Results：During rest，cTTE detected 136 cases of RLS，while cTEE detected 140 cases of RLS. During the Valsalva maneuver，cTTE detected 186 cases of RLS，and cTEE also detected 186 cases of RLS，indicating a significant increase in the detection rate of PFO-RLS during the Valsalva maneuver compared to the rest state，regardless of the cTTE or cTEE method. Among the PFO patients with RLS detected， cTTE classified 27 cases as grade Ⅰ，31 cases as grade Ⅱ，and 128 cases as grade Ⅲ. On the other hand，cTEE classified 80 cases as grade I，56 cases as grade Ⅱ，and 50 cases as grade Ⅲ. Among these cases，110 patients had a higher RLS degree in cTTE compared to cTEE，with 46 cases being grade Ⅲ in cTTE and grade Ⅱ in cTEE，43 cases being grade Ⅲ in cTTE and grade Ⅰ in cTEE，and 21 cases being grade Ⅱ in cTTE and grade Ⅰ in cTEE. During the Valsalva maneuver with cTEE，while the operator clenched their fist and applied pressure on the patient’s abdomen and then released it，35 cases were classified as grade Ⅰ，46 cases as grade Ⅱ，and 105 cases as grade Ⅲ. There were 76 patients with an increase in RLS degree，including 21 patients who upgraded from grade Ⅰ to grade Ⅱ，24 patients who upgraded from grade Ⅰ to grade Ⅲ，and 31 patients who upgraded from grade Ⅱ to grade Ⅲ. The proportion of patients with moderate to large shunting significantly increased. Conclusion：The RLS level detected by cTTE is higher than that of cTEE. During the cTEE examination，when the patient cooperates with the examiner to press，the degree of RLS detected under Valsalva’s action increases. The combination of cTTE and TEE in diagnosing the anatomical structure and morphology of PFO is of great value for the treatment and preoperative evaluation of PFO occlusion.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the safety of albumin combined with acetate Ringer’s solution in therapeutic plasma exchange （TPE）of pediatrics. Methods：A total of 20 patients with diseases requiring TPE from April 2019 to March 2023 in the intensive care unit of the Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included，and were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. The observation group chose 20% albumin combined with acetate Ringer’s solution in the ratio of 1∶5 as the replacement fluid，and the control group chose fresh frozen plasma as the replacement fluid for TPE. The hemodynamic indexes，the occurrence of complications during treatment，the coagulation indexes，biochemical indexes and the response of the underlying disease 1 week after the end of treatment between the 2 groups of patients were compared. The coagulation indexes and biochemical indexes were compared within groups before and after TPE. Results：Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were stable in both groups during treatment without significant differences（P＞0.05）. Total protein（TP），globulin（GLB），fibrinogen（Fbg），serum phosphorus（P）and serum calcium（Ca²⁺ ）decreased after treatment compared with those before treatment in the observation group，and the differences were statistically significant（P＜ 0.05）. Albumin（ALB），international normalized ratio（INR），prothrombin time（PT），P，Ca²⁺ and serum magnesium（Mg²⁺ ）decreased after treatment compared with those before treatment in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（P＜0.05）. The incidences of allergic metaplasia and hypocalcemia between the two groups after treatment were not statistically significant（P > 0.05）. The coagulation indexes，biochemical indexes and the response of the underlying disease 1 week after the end of treatment between two groups were not statistically significant（P > 0.05）. Conclusion：It is safe to apply 20% albumin combined with acetate Ringer’s solution（1∶5）as the replacement fluid in TPE of pediatric patients and can effectively save blood resources，but the coagulation and biochemical indexes need to be monitored during the treatment，and blood products，such as fresh frozen plasma，should be supplemented promptly to correct coagulation function.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze risk factors of chronic childhood immune thrombocytopenia（ITP），and to provide basis for early judging the prognosis and treatment of ITP. Methods：A total of 161 inpatients diagnosed with ITP in the Pediatrics Department of the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2019 and December 2021 were selected as the research subjects，and they were followed up for more than one year. According to the course of the disease，they were divided into non-chronic ITP group（84 cases）and chronic ITP group（77 cases）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the independent risk factors of chronic ITP. The efficacy of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve， calibration curve and decision curve analysis（DCA）. Results：①Independent risk factors for chronic ITP included age，helper T cell （Th）/killer T cell（Tc），serum cystatin C and serum C3（P＜0.05）. ②The areas under the ROC curves to predict chronic ITP by age， Th/Tc，serum cystatin C and serum C3 and their combination were 0.725（95％CI：0.647~0.804），0.741（95％CI：0.665~0.817），0.706 （95％CI：0.626~0.785），0.635（95％CI：0.550~0.720），0.853（95％CI：0.794~0.911），respectively. ③The calibration curve is close to the ideal curve. ④The DCA curves showed a better performance of the prediction model in the 0.10~0.85 threshold probability range. Conclusion：Age，Th/Tc，serum cystatin C and serum C3 are independent influencing factors in children with chronic ITP，and their combination shows a better predictive value for the prognosis.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the predictive value of serum albumin（ALB），blood urea nitrogen（BUN）and blood urea nitrogen/ albumin ratio（BAR）for 28-day mortality of patients in trauma green channel，and to construct a model for predicting 28-day mortality by combining the revised trauma score（RTS）. Methods：The clinical data of patients in trauma green channel between January 2020 and December 2020 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nangjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed to compare the demographic differences，past history，RTS，injury severity score，and laboratory results between 28-day survival group and death group. The cut-off values of ALB，BUN and BAR were determined by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve，and the area under the ROC curve（AUROC）of ALB，BUN and BAR in predicting 28-day mortality was compared by DeLong non-parametric method. The RTS was combined with each of the above three indicators to construct a prediction model respectively，and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the model effect and compare the prediction effect of the models. Results：Finally，419 patients were included with 309 men（73.7%），aged（54.3±16.4）years，prehospital time of 4.0（2.0，6.0）h，and 28-day mortality of 7.6%（32/419）. The ROC curve showed that ALB ≤ 29.5 g/L，BUN> 6.97 mmol/L and BAR> 7.39 mg/g were the cut-off values to predict the 28-day mortality of patients in trauma green channel，and the predictive effect of BAR was better than that of ALB and BUN. RTS-ALB，RTS-BUN and RTS -BAR were used to construct the predictive models of the RTS combined with ALB，BUN and BAR，respectively. The predictive effect of these three models was better than that of the RTS，and AUROC of RTS -BAR was the largest，but there was no statistical difference between the AUROC of RTS-BAR and RTS-ALB，and between the AUROC of RTS-ALB and RTS-BUN. Conclusion：BAR is superior to ALB and BUN in predicting 28-day mortality of patients in trauma green channel，and patients with BAR> 7.39 mg/g are indicated poor prognosis. The RTS combined with BAR also has a good value in predicting the prognosis of patients in trauma green channel.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided high iliac fascia block on blood coagulation in elderly patients with femoral head replacement. Methods：Eighty elderly patients undergoing femoral head replacement under intravenous general anesthesia were selected. The patients were divided into two groups according to the random number table，with 40 cases in each group： the observation group underwent ultrasound -guided high fascia iliac block followed by intravenous general anesthesia 30 min before anesthesia induction；the control group only received intravenous general anesthesia. Venous blood samples were collected at admission （baseline），1 h and 24 h after operation for thromboelastography analysis. Serum was separated by centrifugation，and the levels of serum cortisol，C-reactive protein（CRP），interleukin（IL）-6 and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α were determined. Numerical rating scale （NRS）scores were recorded at 6 h（T₁），24 h（T₂）and 48 h（T₃）after operation. Postoperative adverse reactions and patient satisfaction scores were recorded. Results：Compared with the control group，the reaction time（R）value of the observation group was increased at 24 h after operation，and maximum amplitude（MA），α and coagulation index（CI）were decreased（P＜0.05）. Compared with those at admission，the R value of the control group at 24 hours after operation was decreased，and MA，α，and CI were increased（P＜0.05）. Compared with the control group，the contents of cortisol，CRP，IL-6 and TNF-α at 1 h and 24 h after operation in the observation group were decreased（P＜0.05），the NRS scores at rest and during exercise at T₁ -T₃ after operation were lower（P＜0.05），the satisfaction degree was higher（P＜0.05），and the incidence of restlessness，nausea and vomiting during the recovery period was lower（P＜0.05）. Conclusion：Ultrasound-guided high fascia iliaca block combined with general anesthesia can reduce the stress response and hypercoagulable state during and after femoral head replacement in elderly patients，and provide better postoperative analgesia.

Abstract:Vascular remodeling promotes the progression of cardiovascular disease and is crucial for cardiovascular events and influencing prognosis. Intervention of pathological vascular remodeling is an important strategy for preventing and treating complications of cardiovascular disease and improving prognosis. Vascular adventitia has been regarded as a supportive and protective tissue for blood vessels for a long time，but now it is believed that the adventitia is the signal analysis and processing center of the blood vessels. It directly modulates the structure and function of blood vessels，and plays a key role in vascular remodeling，especially in the progression and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Adventitial fibroblasts are the main cellular component of the adventitia，and play a particularly prominent role in the occurrence and development of vascular remodeling. This review is focused to show the role and mechanism of the adventitial fibroblasts in vascular remodeling，especially in the research progress of hypertension，atherosclerosis， aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection.

Abstract:The occurrence of arterial dissection（AD）is the result of multiple factors. Wall shear force（WSS），an important initiating factor for AD，is the friction between blood flow and vessel wall. Abnormal WSS can cause pathological changes of arterial wall（intima，media，adventitia）through various mechanisms，such as endothelial cell structure and dysfunction，internal elastic lamina injury，reduction and phenotypic transformation of smooth muscle cells，extracellular matrix degradation，and eventually lead to the occurrence of AD. In order to better understand the pathogenesis of AD，this article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of pathological changes in each layer of arterial wall caused by abnormal WSS.

Abstract:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors（GIST）originate from gastrointestinal mesenchymal tissues，and most of them are secondary to KIT and platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha（PDGFRA）gene mutations. This discovery has a landmark significance for the basic research，clinical diagnosis and treatment of GIST. Genetic testing is widely used in many fields，such as identifying pathological diagnosis of GIST，judging prognosis and guiding targeted drug therapy. In recent years，numerous studies have shown that liquid biopsy techniques，including circulating tumor DNA（ctDNA）detection，have shown extremely important clinical values and broad application prospects for the diagnosis and treatment of GIST. This article reviews the value of ctDNA detection in the diagnosis and treatment of GIST.

Abstract:Osteoporosis（OP）is a common disease in the elderly，characterized by decreased bone strength，decreased bone density， and increased risk of fractures. Ferroptosis is a novel iron -dependent programmed cell death process that is critical in regulating the development of osteoporosis，but its underlying mechanism is complex. This article discusses the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis in osteoporosis and related research progress，in order to provide new references for future research on ferroptosis and osteoporosis.

Abstract:Androgenic alopecia（AGA），also termed as seborrheic alopecia，is the most common type of clinical alopecia，and the hair follicle miniaturization acts as a main clinical manifestation of AGA. Currently it has been considered that many reasons can induce hair follicle miniaturization. On the one hand，they promote dermal papilla cells of scalp hair follicle to secrete hair follicle inhibitory factor，and to have apoptosis and autophagy disorder；on the other hand，they destroy microvasculature surrounding the dermal papilla，and also cause depletion and fibrosis of hair follicle stem cells and dermal sheath cells，eventually causing the gradual transition from the initial terminal hair to thin pili. This review discusses the update mechanism of hair follicle miniaturization resulting from distinct type of hair negative factors and holds substantial promise for the future treatment of AGA.