Abstract:Objective：This study investigated the effect and mechanism of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide（4-HC），the active metabolite of cyclophosphamide（CTX），on oocyte quality. Methods：Mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes（COCs）in the germinal vesicle（GV）stage were randomly divided into eight groups. The blank control group received no treatment，while the solvent control group was treated with DMSO at the same concentration as the experimental group. The experimental groups were exposed to 4-HC at concentrations of 0.3，1.0，3.0，10.0，30.0，and 100.0 μmol/L. The in vitro matured oocytes were observed for the first polar body discharge rate，2-cell rate，and blastocyst rate. The 1 μmol/L concentration group was further evaluated for reactive oxygen species（ROS）levels， mitochondrial membrane potential（MMP），and reduced glutathione（GSH）content to assess oocyte quality and explore the mechanism. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect the effect of 4-HC on DNMT3A expression in oocytes. Results：With increasing 4-HC concentration，the 2-cell rate of oocytes remained similar or slightly decreased，while the blastocyst rate decreased significantly （P < 0.05）. Treatment with 1 μmol/L 4-HC reduced mitochondrial membrane potential，increased intracellular superoxide anion content，and decreased reduced glutathione content（all P < 0.05）. Additionally，the blastocyst formation rate（0.809±0.087 vs. 0.566± 0.175，P < 0.05）was significantly reduced. PCR and immunofluorescence results showed increased DNMT3A expression in oocytes （P < 0.05）. Conclusion：4-HC induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in oocytes，impairing their developmental potential and affecting oocyte epigenetics.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of the in vitro activation product of cyclophosphamide，4-hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide（4-HC），on the functional impairment of the human ovarian granulosa cell line SVOG，and the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods：SVOG cells were treated with 0.2，2.0，and 10.0 μmol/L of 4-HC for 24，48，and 72 h. The cell viability in each group was measured using the CCK-8 assay to determine the optimal time and concentration for constructing an injury model. Western blot and RT -qPCR were used to detect changes in mitochondrial autophagy flux. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial changes in both normal and 4-HC -injured cells. RT -qPCR was used to assess the expression of P53- related genes，and immunofluorescence was applied to detect the expression levels of P53，Parkin，and the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20（TOMM20）proteins. Results：A model of SVOG cell injury induced by 2.0 μmol/L 4-HC for 48 h was established in vitro. Mitochondrial autophagy flux was inhibited，and mitochondrial morphology was abnormal in 4-HC-injured SVOG cells，with a significant increase in damaged mitochondria. The expression level of P53 was significantly increased in 4-HC -injured SVOG cells. An increase in the cytoplasmic interaction between P53 and Parkin protein was observed，while the binding of TOMM20 and Parkin protein was inhibited in 4-HC -injured SVOG cells. Conclusion：In vitro，4-HC may induce damage to human ovarian granulosa cells by inhibiting mitochondrial autophagy through the P53-Parkin pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the role of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ESCC）-specific ultra-conserved cancer/ testis（CT）- LINC01424 in ESCC progression. Methods：The TCGA（The Cancer Genome Atlas）and GTEx（Genotype-Tissue Expression）databases were used to screen the long non-coding RNA（lncRNA）with ultraconservative CT properties specific to ESCC， and the nucleoplasmic isolation assay and rapid amplification of cDNA end（RACE）were used for the cellular localization and sequence identification of LINC01424. A total of 118 cases of ESCC samples were used for the analysis of prognosis. After knocking down LINC01424 in ECA109 cell line or overexpressing LINC01424 in KYSE410 cell line，the effects of CT-LINC01424 on the ESCC was detected by CCK-8 assay，colony assay，Transwell assay，and nude micel assay；further application of MEM（Multi Experiment Matrix）database for downstream gene exploration. Results：An ultraconservative CT-LINC01424 specific for ESCC was identified. Analysis of clinical data showed that CT-LINC01424 was significantly associated with poor clinical stage and prognosis of ESCC. Knockdown of the expression of LINC01424 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of ESCC cells，while overexpression of LINC01424 resulted in the opposite result. Furthermore，the expression of LINC01424 was significantly co-expressed with kinetochore associated 1 （KNTC1）gene. Conclusion：LINC01424 is highly expressed in ESCC tissues，promotes the proliferation and invasion of ESCC cells， and may exert its pro-carcinogenic effects by affecting the expression of KNTC1.

Abstract:Objective：To detect the expression of sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 13（SAMD13）in glioma tissues and cells，and explore the effect of SAMD13 expression on the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells，as well as the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Methods：The expression and prognosis correlation of SAMD13 in glioma patients was analyzed using GEPIA database. The expression of SAMD13 in glioma cell lines（U373，U87，and U251）was examined by RT -PCR and Western blot. The SAMD13 overexpression plasmid（pIRES2- SAMD13）and SAMD13 shRNA plasmid（shSAMD13）were constructed and transfected into cells. Western blot，CCK-8，and Transwell assays were performed to assess the effects of SAMD13 overexpression and silencing on U373 cell proliferation and invasion，as well as to evaluate the expression and phosphorylation levels of Akt1，ERK1/2，and STAT3. Additionally，the ERK1/2 inhibitor（U0126）was added during pIRES2- SAMD13 transfection to further investigate cell proliferation and invasion via CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Results：AMD13 expression was significantly higher in glioma tumor tissues，compared with adjacent normal tissues，and it was closely associated with poor prognosis in patients. SAMD13 was expressed in all three glioma cell lines（U373，U87，and U251），with the highest expression in U373 cells. In U373 cells，transfection with pIRES2-SAMD13 and shSAMD13 successfully overexpressed and silenced SAMD13，respectively，which promoted and inhibited cell proliferation and invasion，respectively. Moreover，SAMD13 overexpression significantly enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation，while silencing SAMD13 reduced it，with no significant effects on Akt1 or STAT3 phosphorylation. The ERK1/2 inhibitor markedly suppressed the U373 cell proliferation and invasion induced by SAMD13 overexpression，but did not affect SAMD13 expression. Conclusion：SAMD13 is highly expressed in both glioma tissues and cells，and its upregulation promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion by activating ERK1/2 .

Abstract:Objective：To explore the role of microRNA-146a（miR-146a）in hypoxia induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Methods：The expression of miR-146a/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6（TRAF6），inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species（ROS）in macrophages were determined under hypoxia-reoxygenation model. Moreover，release of inflammatory factors and ROS were analyzed after mimic or inhibitor of miR-146a. Results：The miR-146a expression level was obviously decreased in hypoxia induced macrophages，while the expression of TRAF6，inflammatory factors and ROS increased. Overexpression of miR -146a directly targeted and decreased TRAF6 expression and reduced the release of inflammatory factors and ROS，however，transfection with miR-146a inhibitor increased the levels of TRAF6 and promoted inflammatory response. Conclusion： Overexpression of miR -146a attenuates the inflammation response in hypoxia induced macrophages by directly targeting the TRAF6 gene. New treatment strategies targeting miR -146a may help reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by inflammatory factors and ROS in macrophages.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the correlation between the expression of integrin binding sialoprotein（IBSP）in glioblastoma （GBM）and the clinical prognosis of patients，and its regulatory effect on tumor cell proliferation，invasion and chemotherapy resistance. Methods：A public database was used to analyze the expression of IBSP in GBM and its relationship with the prognosis of patients. After IBSP was knockdown or overexpressed in GBM cells，functional assays were used to assess cell proliferation，invasion， and chemoresistance. Results：Database analysis showed that the expression level of IBSP in GBM was significantly increased，and the high level of IBSP indicated a poor prognosis. Knockdown of IBSP inhibited GBM proliferation，invasion and chemoresistance，and overexpression of IBSP promoted GBM proliferation，invasion and chemoresistance. Overexpression of IBSP promoted the activation of NF -κB pathway and the expression of downstream genes of NF -κB，which in turn promoted the malignant phenotype of GBM cells. Conclusion：IBSP promotes GBM cell proliferation，invasion and chemoresistance by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway， suggesting that IBSP can be used as a potential therapeutic target for GBM.

Abstract:Objective：This study aimed to exploration of glycosylation-related genes and immune infiltration analysis of IgA nephropathy（IgAN）. Methods：IgAN datasets were obtained from the GEO database. Then differentially expressed glycosylation-related genes and functional enrichment analyses were identified. Next，optimal feature genes（OFGs）were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator（LASSO），support vector machine recursive feature elimination（SVM-RFE），and random forest algorithms. The expression of OFGs in IgAN were validated by immunohistochemistry staining，Western blot，and the Nephroseq v5 database. OFGs were further used to create a nomogram model，compare immune cell infiltration and construct a ceRNA network. Results：After screening，three OFGs of ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2，8-sialyltransferase 1（ST8SIA1），chondroitin sulfate synthase 1（CHSY1）and phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase subunit H（PIGH）were first reported. The nomogram model showed that OFGs had good predictive value for IgAN occurrence. Compared to normal samples，IgAN showed increased infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells，naive CD4⁺ T cell，memory activated CD4⁺ T cells，resting dendritic cells，and resting mast cells，while naive B cells，plasma cells，memory resting CD4⁺ T，activated mast cells，and neutrophils were reduced. OFGs were associated with memory activated CD4⁺ T cells，memory resting CD4⁺ T cells，naive CD4⁺ T cell，naive B cells，etc. The validation experiments also revealed that the expression levels of CHSY1 and PIGH were significantly decreased，while the expression level of ST8SIA1 was significantly increased in IgAN compared with minimal change nephropathy. Of note，the expression levels of OFGs in diabetic nephropathy and minimal change nephropathy were not statistically different. A ceRNA network consisting of 117 lncRNAs，67 miRNAs，and 3 OFGs was constructed. Conclusion：ST8SIA1，CHSY1，and PIGH were identified as potential targets for diagnosis and treatment of IgAN. In conjunction with immune cell infiltration and ceRNA network，these results offer a novel perspective for future research on IgAN.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of vericiguat combined with the“new quadruple”in treating heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM）. Methods：Between December 1，2022 and February 1，2024，a total of 43 patients with heart failure resulting from DCM（33 males，10 females）were consecutively recruited from the outpatient clinic and inpatient wards of the Cardiology Department at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Before treatment，various parameters were measured，including left atrial diameter（LAD），left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF），left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD），N -terminal pro B -type natriuretic peptide（NT-proBNP），liver and kidney function，electrolytes，Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire（MLHFQ）scores，and 6-minute walk test（6MWT）distances. Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction（HFrEF）or mildly reduced ejection fraction（HFmrEF）were treated with vericiguat combined with“ARNI，BB，MRA， SGLT2i”（the“new quadruple”therapy）. For patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction（HFpEF），vericiguat was combined with ARNI，BB，and SGLT2i. After 3 months of treatment，the aforementioned indicators were re -evaluated and compared with baseline values. Results：After 3 months of treatment，significant improvements were observed in all DCM patients with heart failure：LAD［（41.37±6.97）mm vs.（39.30±5.19）mm，P < 0.01）］；LVEF［（41.02±10.33）% vs.（46.43±10.74）%，P < 0.01）］；LVEDD ［（61.40±7.65）mm vs.（58.56±7.03）mm，P < 0.01）］；NT-proBNP［1 642.5（936.4，4 019.0）ng/L vs. 659.3（213.2，1 297.0）ng/L，P < 0.01）］；MLHFQ（47.79 ± 9.67 vs.（34.86 ± 8.94），P < 0.01）；6MWT［（348.85 ± 82.43）m vs.（401.76 ± 95.56）m，P < 0.01）］. No significant differences were found in liver or kidney function，or electrolytes levles. Further subgroup analysis showed that vericiguat combined with ARNI，BB，MRA，and SGLT2i improved the LVEF，reduced LVEDD and NT-proBNP levels，and enhanced 6MWT performance in patients with HFrEF，HFmrEF，and HFpEF due to DCM. Conclusion：Vericiguat combined with the“new quadruple” drugs has a significant therapeutic effect on patients with heart failure caused by DCM. This study provides potential data support and guidance for the clinical treatment of DCM patients with heart failure.

Abstract:Objective：This study aimed to assess the value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio（NLR）in predicting the severity of acute biliary pancreatitis（ABP）and pancreatic necrosis（PN）. Methods：A total of 290 ABP patients were included in this study. The blood samples were collected for examination of blood routine and related biochemical indicators within 24 hours after onset of acute pancreatitis. The optimal cut-off value for NLR to predict severe acute pancreatitis（SAP）and PN was determined by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve analysis. ABP model was induced by taurocholic acid sodium in rats，and the blood and pancreatic tissue were collected in 1，3，5，7，14 days after modeling to compare the NLR among groups. Results：ROC curve showed that NLR had a predictive performance for SAP［area under the curve（AUC）：0.944，95%CI：0.915-0.973，P < 0.001］，the optimal cut-off from ROC curve was 13.38（sensitivity：80.0%；specificity：83.2%）. For the prediction of PN，the AUC of NLR was 0.910（95%CI：0.861-0.958， P < 0.001），the cut-off value was 9.265（sensitivity：97.1%；specificity：72.7%）. In ABP rats，NLR increases in the early stages of AP and is correlated with the severity of AP and PN. Conclusion：Within 24 h after the onset of ABP，NLR can be used as a powerful for early prediction of its severity and PN.

Abstract:Objective：The study aimed to investigate the impact of polyethylene glycol-conjugated recombinant human growth hormone（PEG-rhGH）treatment on immune function in children with growth hormone deficiency（GHD），by analyzing changes in lymphocyte subsets，immunoglobulin levels，and T helper cell（Th1/Th2）cytokines before and after treatment. Methods：Fifty-five children diagnosed with GHD were enrolled as study participants from May 2022 to June 2023 at the Department of Pediatrics of Huai’ an First People’s Hospital and Hongze District People’s Hospital. According to the preferences of the participants，they were allocated into a control group（n=25）and a PEG-rhGH group（n=30）. The control group received guidance on exercise，diet，and sleep，while the PEG-rhGH group received PEG-rhGH treatment in addition to these interventions. Measurements of height，bone age，BMI，insulin-like growth factor -1（IGF -1），lymphocyte subsets，Th1/Th2 cytokines，and immunoglobulin（Ig）levels were conducted at baseline and 3 months post-treatment. The changes in various parameters before and after the intervention were compared. Results：Before treatment，there were no significant differences in the baseline levels of the various indicators between the two groups. After 3 months of treatment，the standard deviation of height，growth rate，and serum IGF-1 level in the PEG-rhGH group significantly increased compared to pre-treatment levels and were notably higher than those in the control group. After treatment，the PEG-rhGH group demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of CD3⁺ ，CD4⁺ and CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ as well as elevated levels of IgA，IgM，and IgG compared to the control group，while the proportion of CD8⁺ cells was notably lower in the PEG-rhGH group than in the control group，There were no significant differences in the proportion of CD19 ⁺ and CD3^- CD16 ⁺ CD56 ⁺ cells between the two groups. Additionally，the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines，interleukin（IL）-2，IL-6，and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）in the PEG-rhGH group were significantly lower after treatment compared to before，and were significantly lower than those in the control group. There were still no significant differences in the levels of IL-4 and interferon-γ（IFN-γ）between the two groups. Conclusion：PEG-rhGH treatment not only improves the height of GHD children but also affects their cellular immunity and humoral immunity.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid（UA）levels and hypertriglyceridemia（HTG）. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 11 206 participants in a study conducted in 2023. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between UA levels and HTG. Generalized linear models，smooth curve fitting，and threshold effect analysis were applied to investigate the nonlinear relationship between UA levels and HTG. Results：The study included 11，206 participants，divided based on TG levels into a HTG group（n=3 410）and a non-HTG group（n=7 796）. After adjusting for confounders，the multivariate logistic regression model showed a positive correlation between elevated lnUA and the risk of HTG. The lnUA values were categorized into four quartiles：the lowest quartile Q1（OR=1.000），the second quartile Q2（OR=1.557， 95% CI：1.349-1.796，P < 0.001），the third quartile Q3（OR=1.977，95%CI：1.712-2.283，P < 0.001），and the highest quartile Q4 （OR=3.101，95%CI：2.672-3.598，P < 0.001）. A strong positive correlation was observed between lnUA and HTG across all quartiles. Smooth curve fitting demonstrated a nonlinear relationship between UA levels and HTG. The turning point of the U-shaped association between lnUA and HTG was found at 5.517，with the effect size on the right side being being higher than on the left side［4.692（95% CI：3.747-5.875）vs. 2.766（95% CI：1.869-4.094）］. Conclusion：Serum UA levels are positively correlated with HTG. Given that UA may be a risk factor for HTG，individuals diagnosed with HTG should prioritize the daily management of UA levels.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the potential of using a multi-point wearable device in facilitating early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease（PD）with the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale Ⅲ（UPDRSⅢ）. Methods：A total of 54 subjects were recruited in this study. They were divided into the early PD group（n=30，UPDRSⅢ<30 points）and the normal control group（n=24）. Each subject wore a multi-point wearable device when performing the standard actions required by the UPDRSⅢ. Ten inertial sensors were employed to collect data on angular speed，acceleration，and other parameters from the subject’s chest，waist，knee joints，elbow joints，ankle joints， and both feet. The motor parameters of specific movements were compared between the two groups，and a support vector machine within ten-fold cross-validation was used to calculate the optimal model to distinguish the two groups and assess its diagnostic potentials. Results：There were significant statistical differences in the motion parameters of wearable devices in the early PD group and the normal control group after completing the specified actions of UPDRSⅢ（P < 0.05）. The accuracy of speech action between the two groups was the highest，reaching 0.907. Compared to the upper body movements，the lower body movement and the whole body movements had higher consistency，sensitivity and accuracy，allowing for specific identification of motor dysfunction in early PD patients. Conclusion：Multi-point wearable devices can objectively evaluate the characteristics of movement disorders in early PD patients，and can be used as a tool for auxiliary diagnosis and quantitative evaluation of early PD.

Abstract:Objective：To establish and validate a nomogram prediction model for the activated clotting time（ACT）measured 30 minutes after the first dose of heparin（30 min-ACT）in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing radiofrequency ablation. Methods： From January 2020 to December 2022，1 090 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who underwent catheter radiofrequency ablationinthe catheter room of the Department of Cardiology，the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included. These patients were randomly divided into a training set and a testing set in a 3∶1 ratio. Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests were used to compare the baseline characteristics of the two groups. LASSO regression and univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conductedto identify factors influencing 30 min-ACT. Based on these findings，a prediction model for 30 min-ACT with the first dose of heparin during radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation was established and evaluated. Results：Multivariate analysis suggested that stroke history，warfarin use，platelet count，prothrombin time（PT），baseline ACT，baseline ACT² ，and first dose of heparin were independent predictors of first dose of heparin ACT during radiofrequency cardiac ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. The resulting nomogram prediction model showed a certain level of accuracy（training set 65.9%，testing set 74.6%）and higher sensitivity（training set 77.4%，testing set 83.0%）. Conclusion：The 30 min -ACT nomogram model，based on stroke history， warfarin ues，platelet count，PT，baseline ACT，baseline ACT² ，and first dose of heparin，can predict the anticoagulant effect of the first dose of heparin in atrial fibrillation patients，providing valuable clinical guidance.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to investigate the effect of blood glucose control on tuberculosis risk. Methods：A 6- year cohort study was conducted on 60 283 subjects in Nanjing，Jiangsu Province. After excluding active tuberculosis patients identified during baseline screening，subjects were matched with the tuberculosis patient management information in Nanjing to identify active tuberculosis cases. The Cox proportional hazards models were employed to compare tuberculosis incidence risk between diabetes and non-diabetes patients，adjusting for age，gender，and other factors. Additionally，the incidence of tuberculosis was compared between groups with good and poor blood glucose control. Results：During the 6-year follow-up，79 cases of active tuberculosis were identified， yielding an incidence density of 25.6（95% CI：20.4 to 31.7）per 100 000 person-years. In a group of 79 patients，diabetes accounted for 21.5%（17/79），with an incidence density of tuberculosis at 58.8（95% CI：35.4 to 92.2）per 100 000 person-years. Non-diabetic patients accounted for 78.5%（62/79），with an incidence density of tuberculosis at 22.1（95% CI：17.1 to 28.2）per 100 000 person-years. In the well-controlled blood glucose group，the incidence density of active tuberculosis was 29.6（95% CI：21.4 to 33.1）per 100 000 person-years，while in the poorly controlled blood glucose group，the incidence density of active tuberculosis was 63.5（95% CI：39.3 to 96.8）per 100 000 person-years. The risk of tuberculosis in diabetes patients was 3.057 times higher than that in the general population （HR=3.057，95% CI：1.770 to 5.281，P < 0.001）. The risk of tuberculosis was 3.766 times higher in the group with poor blood glucose control than in the group with good blood glucose control（HR=3.766，95% CI：2.054 to 6.906，P < 0.001）. Conclusion：This large-scale cohort study demonstrates that diabetes patients with poor blood glucose control have an increased risk of tuberculosis. Enhanced screening of diabetes patients with poor blood glucose control may facilitate early detection of tuberculosis，potentially reducing its incidence and prevalence in China.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the application value of radiomics based on T2-weighted imaging（T2WI）and diffusion-weighted imaging（DWI）in non-invasive preoperative prediction of pituitary adenoma consistency. Methods：The clinical and preoperative MRI data of 108 patients with pathologically confirmed pituitary adenoma were retrospectively analyzed. Two neurosurgeons evaluated tumor consistency intraoperatively and categorized them into soft and hard groups. Patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set in a 7∶3 ratio. Volume of interest（VOI）representing the tumor solid component were manually delineated on T2WI and DWI images. Radiomics features were extracted by FeAture Explorer software. Unsupervised feature selection（UFS）was applied for feature selection. Support vector machine（SVM）was used to conduct the radiomics models. Area under curve（AUC）and calibration curve were used to assess the performance of the models. Results：In the combined T2WI and DWI radiomics model，the AUC for predicting the consistency of pituitary adenoma was 0.89 in the training set and 0.80 in the validation set. The calibration curve showed a good consistency between predicted and actual values. Conclusion：The combined T2WI and DWI radiomics model demonstrates good diagnostic performance and aids in preoperative prediction of the consistency of pituitary adenoma.

Abstract:Diabetic neuropathy is the most common chronic complication of diabetes. Currently in the intervention of diabetic neuropathy, the limitations of traditional trearnents are becoming increasingly apparent，while neuromodulation technology is gradually showing great potential，particularly in terms of glycaemic control and symptom relief. This article provides a summary of the research progress in the area of neuromodulation technology for the intervention of diabetic neuropathy，aiming to provide new insights for the study of chronic diabetic complications such as diabetic neuropathy and the clinical application of neuroregulation technology.

Abstract:MicroRNAs（miRNA）are a class of non -coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression transcriptionally，playing crucial roles in various cellular processes. Increasing investigation indicate that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis（Mtb）infection alters the expression of numerous miRNAs in host cells，thereby influencing downstream pathways involved in immune responses against tuberculosis（TB）. This review summarizes how changes in miRNA levels post Mtb infection regulate autophagy，apoptosis，and inflammatory responses. It highlights that miRNAs may serve as potential therapeutic targets for TB，providing insights for further research and clinical applications of miRNA in TB.

Abstract:Positron emission tomography（PET）plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. Using specific tracers，cardiac PET imaging can reveal various pathophysiological processes such as myocardial blood flow perfusion， metabolic activity，and inflammatory responses. It is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease，cardiac sarcoidosis，cardiac amyloidosis，heart failure，and is paticularly important in assessing myocardial fibrosis. This article reviews the basic principles of cardiac PET imaging，the main types of tracers，and their applications in heart disease.

Abstract:Respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）mainly causes acute lower respiratory tract infections（ALRTI）in children，which is the main cause of death among children worldwide. At present，symptomatic treatment is the main treatment for RSV in clinical practice，while specific therapeutic drugs are relatively few. Therefore，the research and development of RSV vaccine or antibody drug is urgent and important. At the present stage，two RSV vaccines（Abrysvo and Arexvy）and two RSV monoclonal antibodies （Palivizumab and Nirsevimab）have been released to market，all of which showed good clinical efficacy in specific populations. In this review，the research progress of main vaccine types and neutralizing antibodies of RSV in recent years was reviewed，hoping to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of RSV.