Abstract:Objective：The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of putrescine on oocyte quality in aged mice during in vitro maturation（IVM）. Additionally，the effect of putrescine on mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane（MAM）in aged mouse oocytes will be investigated. Methods：Germinal vesical（GV）stage mouse oocytes were cultured in vitro until they reached the Meiosis（M）Ⅱ stage. The young control group consisted of 8-week-old mice，while the old control group consisted of 40-week-old mice. The old experimental group consisted of 40-week-old mouse oocytes supplemented with 0.5 mmol/L putrescine in the IVM solution. The oocyte quality was assessed by detecting the first polar body（PB1）extrusion rate，2-cell rate，blastocyst formation rate，cortical granule distribution，spindle abnormality rate，and chromosome abnormality rate of oocytes at stage MⅡ. Additionally，MAM in MⅡ- stage oocyte was observed using transmission electron microscopy，the content of key molecules for Ca²⁺ transfer was detected by qPCR，and the Ca²⁺ levels in mitochondria，endoplasmic reticulum，and cytoplasm were determined using Ca²⁺ probes. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential，ATP content，and reactive oxygen species（ROS）levels. Results：Putrescine increased the rate of PB1 extrusion（P < 0.05）and the blastocyst rate（P < 0.05）in oocytes of aged mice and significantly reduced the rate of cortical granule distribution abnormalities（P < 0.01），spindle abnormalities（P < 0.01），and chromosomal abnormalities（P < 0.05）. The oocytes contained MAM structures. Putrescine prevented the shortening of MAM spacing（P < 0.001）in oocytes of aged mice and reduced the levels of key molecules for Ca²⁺ transfer between MAM（P < 0.05）. Meanwhile，putrescine improved mitochondrial function（P < 0.05）and reduced intracellular ROS levels（P < 0.001）by alleviating mitochondrial calcium overload（P < 0.001）caused by rapid Ca²⁺ transfer between MAMs. Conclusion：The addition of putrescine to in vitro maturation cultures significantly improved the quality of oocytes of aged mice. Putrescine also alleviated mitochondrial calcium overload and improved mitochondrial function by modulating inter-MAM Ca²⁺ transfer.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effectiveness of azithromycin（AZM）on bronchopulmonary dysplasia（BPD）in neonatal rats. Methods：Neonatal rats were randomly assigned to four groups：room air -saline（RA -Saline）group，room air -azithromycin （RA -AZM）group，oxygen -saline（O₂ -Saline）group，and oxygen -azithromycin（O₂ -AZM）group. The O₂ -Saline group and O₂ -AZM group were exposed to 95% to 100% oxygen within 12 hours of birth to establish a BPD rat model. The RA-AZM and O₂-AZM groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of AZM at a dosage of 40 mg/kg from postnatal day 1 to day 10，while the RA-Saline and O₂-Saline groups were administered an equal volume of saline. The survival rate of the rats was carefully observed. qPCR analysis was conducted to detect the expression of inflammatory factors and chemokines. Additionally，the alveolar mean linear intercept（MLI），the formation of secondary alveolar septa，and pulmonary vascular density were measured to assess the impact of AZM on lung development in BPD neonatal rats. Immunohistochemical detection of neutrophils and macrophages in lung tissue was also performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of AZM on inflammatory cells. Results：Compared to the O₂-Saline group，the 10-day survival rate of rats in the O₂-AZM group did not exhibit a statistically significant difference（P > 0.05）. qPCR analysis revealed that the expressions of interleukin -6（IL -6），monocyte chemotactic protein -1（MCP -1），and plasminogen activator inhibitor -1（PAI -1）were significantly reduced in the O₂ -AZM group compared to the O₂-Saline group（P < 0.05），while the expression of cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant -1（CINC -1）showed no significant difference（P > 0.05）. ELISA analysis further confirmed a significant reduction in IL-6 levels in the O₂ -AZM group compared to the O₂ -Saline group（P < 0.05）. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a marked reduction in the accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils in the lung tissues of the O₂-AZM group，along with an increase in pulmonary vascular density and the count of secondary alveolar septa，all of which were statistically significant. Furthermore，HE pathological examination revealed a significantly shortened MLI in the O₂ -AZM group compared to the O₂ -Saline group，indicating a statistically significant difference（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：AZM reduces the release of inflammatory factors and chemokines in lung tissues of neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia，inhibits the chemotaxis or recruitment of inflammatory cells，and alleviates BPD-like lung injury in neonatal rats after hyperoxia exposure.

Abstract:Objective：To identify the risk factors that affect the prognosis of patients with pancreatic colloid carcinoma（CC）， construct a clinical prognostic model，and evaluate the survival prognosis of patients. Methods：A total of 510 patients from the Surveillance，Epidemiology，and End Results（SEER）database of the National Cancer Institute were selected and divided into the training and validation sets. A prognostic model was constructed based on the clinical variables of the training set to predict the probability of cancer-specific survival rates of CC patients at 1，3，and 5 years Subsequently，the selected variabes and the calibration predictive model were validated using the validation set. Results：In this study，the factors affecting the prognosis of CC patients were screened by using the SEER database，including tumor grade，the number of detected lymph nodes，whether surgery was performed，T stage，and whether metastasis was present. A clinical prognostic model was constructed based on the above-mentioned risk factors. The final receiver operator characteristic curve and area under the curve value showed that the prediction of this model had a high accuracy. The calibration curve showed that the survival rate predicted by the model was similar to the actual survival rate. Conclusion：In this study，the clinical prognostic model was constructed，and the survival prognosis of patients was effectively evaluated by using this model，which fills the gap in the prognostic studies of this rare tumor，providing a powerful basis for clinicians to assess the prognosis of patients.

Abstract:Objective：To identity core genes of neuroinflammation mediated by microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy （SAE）through bioinformatics analysis and validate them through in vitro cellular experiments. Methods：Transcriptomic datasets of peripheral blood from sepsis patients（GSE65682）and in vitro lipopolysaccharide（LPS）- stimulated microglial cell activation model （GSE103156）were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO）database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA）was used to screen the modules significantly related to clinical diagnosis of sepsis in the GSE65682 dataset. The intersection between differentially expressed genes（DEG）in LPS-treated and untreated microglial cells from the GSE103156 dataset and the WGCNA modules was determined. Functional enrichment analysis of DEG was performed using gene ontology（GO）and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING，and core genes were screened by Cytoscape and Lasso regression analysis. An in vitro cellular activation model of LPS -induced BV2 microglial was established，and gene expression was detected using quantitative real -time PCR（RT-qPCR）. Histone deacetylase 9（HDAC9）was overexpressed in microglia using the lentiviral vector method，and Western blot was employed to detect the inflammation related molecule expression. Results：The WGCNA analysis identified nine modules associated with the clinical diagnosis of sepsis in the GSE65682 dataset，comprising 332 genes. Limma analysis identified 1 272 DEGs in LPS-stimulated microglial cells from the GSE103156 dataset. Eighteen overlapping genes were obtained，and the Lasso regression analysis further selected four hub genes：G protein-coupled receptor 183（GPR183），HDAC9，nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase（NADK），and leucine rich repeat containing 25（LRRC25）. RT-qPCR confirmed downregulation of mRNA expression of Gpr183 and Hdac9 genes and upregulation of Lrrc25 expression in the inflammatory activation model of LPS-stimulated microglial cell，with no significant change in Nadk expression. Western blot showed that overexpression of HDAC9 promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin（IL）- 1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS）in LPS-induced microglial cells and enhanced JAK1-STAT3 phosphorylation. Conclusion：This study identitfies four key genes mediating neuroinflammation in SAE through bioinformatics analysis and preliminarily demonstrates that HDAC9 has pro-inflammatory activity in microglia，providing new insights and data for further mechanistic research on SAE.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the influencing factors associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis（SCAS）in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）and regression after comprehensive treatments. Methods：Data were collected from 402 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM，grouped according to the presence or absence of SCAS，and the differences in the indicators between the two groups were compared. Using binary logistic regression to analyze factors influencing newly diagnosed T2DM combined with SCAS. Cut-off values for risk factors were analyzed using reciever operating characteristic（ROC）curves. Seventy-two of these patients were followed up to compare the target accomplishment rates of metabolic index and SCAS detection rate before and after the comprehensive treatment. Results：The SCAS detection rate among 402 newly diagnosed T2DM hospitalized patients was 57.0%（229/402）. The differences in diabetic peripheral neuropathy（DPN），diabetic retinopathy（DR），estimated glomerular filtration rate（eGFR），triglycerides（TG），body mass index（BMI），and heart rate were statistically significant（P < 0.05）when the SCAS group was compared with the non-SCAS group. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the independent influences of newly diagnosed T2DM combined with SCAS included DPN，DR，eGFR，and BMI（P < 0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed an eGFR cut -off value of 103.50 mL/ （min·1.73 m² ）and a BMI cut -off value of 27.32 kg/m² . Compared with baseline，patients’carotid intima -media thickness（CIMT）， SCAS detection rate and metabolic indexes were significantly improved after one year of intervention，and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：The SCAS detection rate in hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed T2DM is high. DPN and DR are positively associated with the risk of newly diagnosed T2DM combined with SCAS. Elevated BMI and decreased eGFR are independent risk factors for newly diagnosed T2DM combined with SCAS. Combination therapy improves metabolic indexes，relieves CIMT thickening，and reduces SCAS detection rate in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM，but carotid artery plaque is not significantly improved.

Abstract:Objective：By analyzing the clinical characteristics of septic shock in patients of pyogenic liver abscess complicated with diabetes，we explored the early risk factors for shock prediction. Methods：We collected the clinical data of 240 diabetic patients with liver abscesses assessed by computerized tomography（CT）in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 to April 2021. According to whether septic shock occurred or not during hospitalization，these patients were divided into a shock group and a non-shock group. The general information of patients at the first visit，symptoms，basic vital signs，abdominal CT and blood biochemical indicators，etc. were analyzed to identify the risk factors of shock. Results：①Comparing the general data of two groups， there was a significant difference in age（P < 0.05）. ②There were significant differences in respiratory rate，heart rate and maximum body temperature between the two groups of patients（P < 0.05），and the differences in mean arterial pressure and CT manifestations of absess were not statistically significant between two groups（P > 0.05）. ③Compared with the non-shock group，the white blood cell count and neutrophil count in the shock group were significantly increased，but the platelet count was significantly decreased. ④The prothrombin time，international standardized ratio of prothrombin time，partial thromboplastin activation time，and thrombin time were significantly prolonged in the shock group compared with the non -shock group（P < 0.05）. ⑤The binary logistic regression analysis showed that respiratory rate，maximum body temperature and prothrombin time were independent predictors of septic shock. Conclusion：The respiratory rate，maximum body temperature and prothrombin time of patients at the first diagnosis may provide important predictive value for the early identification of shock in patients with pyogenic liver abscess complicated with diabetes.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effect of incision design and restorations on gingival recession after endodontic microsurgery （EMS）in anterior maxillary esthetic zone. Methods：Data from 53 EMS cases in the anterior esthetic zone（with a follow-up period of at least 1 year）were collected. The effects of gender，incision type（intrasulcular incision，ISI；papilla based incision，PBI），and the restorations status（no restoration，NR；crown margin，CM）on gingival recession in the anterior esthetic zone after EMS were analyzed. Results：According to the inclusion criteria，data of 53 clinical crowns and 78 gingival papillae were collected. There were statistical differences in the clinical crown height（H1），gingival nipple height（H2）and cut-margin gingival papilla distance（H3）before and 1 year after EMS（P < 0.05）. Gender and incision type had no significant effect on postoperative gingival recession. According to whether the restoration has contrast，the change of clinical crown height（ΔH1）and the change of cut-margin gingival papilla distance （ΔH3）had statistically significant difference（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：There is a certain degree of gingival retraction after EMS in anterior maxillary esthetic zone. The presence of restoration exacerbates gingival retraction，affecting the esthetic effect of anterior teeth. It is clinically significant to fully communicate with patients before surgery.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis（CIP）in lung cancer. Methods：Clinical data of lung cancer patients who developed CIP after receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor（ICI） treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from September 2018 to September 2022 were retrospectively collected. Baseline characteristics，clinical features，treatment conditions were analyzed and described，and survival analysis was conducted. Results：A total of 75 patients were included，with 71 males and 4 females，with a mean age of（66.7±7.6）years. The onset time was 4 to 1 054 days after receiving ICI treatment. 60.0% of patients had pre-existing emphysema at baseline，and 36.0% had interstitial lung abnormalities（ILA）/interstitial lung disease（ILD）. Radiological manifestations included organizing pneumonia（OP） type，nonspecific interstitial pneumonia（NSIP）type，acute interstitial pneumonia（AIP）/acute respiratory distress syndrome（ARDS） type，and other types，with 36 cases（48.0%），28 cases（37.3%），6 cases（8.0%），and 5 cases（6.7%），respectively. There were significant differences in survival between patients with pre-existing ILA/ILD at baseline and those with CIP manifested as AIP/ARDS type（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Lung cancer patients with pre -existing ILA/ILD before receiving ICI treatment and CIP manifested as AIP/ARDS type have a poorer prognosis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist（GnRH-a）trigger on the laboratory technical indicators of embryos during natural cycle in vitro fertilization（IVF）in patients with diminished ovarian reserve（DOR）. Methods：A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of patients with DOR who underwent natural IVF cycles in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 1， 2018 to April 30，2023. According to whether the GnRH-a trigger was used，the patients were divided into the trigger group and the non-trigger group，with 300 cycles in the trigger group and 47 cycles in the non-trigger group. A 1∶3 propensity score matching（PSM） was performed to compare the total number of oocytes retrieved，transferable embryos，high-quality embryos normal fertilization rate， oocyte utilization rate，high-quality embryos rate，and non-retrieved oocytes rate between the two groups. Results：A total of 165 cycles were included the（46 cycles in the non-trigger group and 119 cycles in the trigger group）after PSM，and the high-quality embryo rate in the trigger group was higher than that in the non-trigger group（61.1% vs. 35.0%，P=0.045）. There were no significant differences in the total number of oocytes retrieved，the number of transferable embryos，the number of high-quality embryos，the normal fertilization rate，the oocyte utilization rate，and the non-retrieved oocyte rate between the two groups（all P > 0.05）. Conclusion：The use of GnRH-a trigger during the natural cycle can improve the rate of high-quality embryos in patients with DOR.

Abstract:Objective：To establish the applicability of a predictive model based on spectral computed tomography（CT）parameters and radiomics features through machine learning for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on imaging and clinical data from 118 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent spectral CT enhancement scanning（143 nodules，comprise of 46 benign and 97 malignant nodules）. These patients were randomly divided into a training set （n=100）and a validation set（n=43）in a 7∶3 ratio. Discriminative testing，intraclass correlation coefficient（ICC），and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator（LASSO）were employed to select features and calculate a radiomics score（Radscore）. Six machine learning algorithms including decision tree（DT），random forest（RF），extreme gradient boosting（XGBoost），support vector machine（SVM），K-nearest neighbors（KNN），and logistic regression（LR）were utilized to develop models. The optimal model was selected to construct nomograms. Results：The XGBoost model was demonstrated to be the best in the validation set（AUC：0.938； accuracy：86.05%；sensitivity：89.29%；specificity：80.00%），with normalized iodine concentration（NIC），Radscore，and age identified as significant predictive factors. The ensuing nomograms exhibited robust performance. Conclusion：The machine learning model that combines spectral CT and radiomics features with the nomograms provides a highly accurate reference for non -invasive prediction of the benignity or malignancy of thyroid nodules.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the midterm outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair（TEVAR）combined with left subclavian artery（LSA）fenestration for aortic arch diseases. Methods：We retrospectively analyzed the perioperative period and midterm follow-up clinical data of 111 patients who underwent TEVAR combined with LSA fenestration in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021. Results：Overall，the success rate of the surgery was 100%（111/ 111），the mortality rate within 30 days was 3.6%（4/111）. The median postoperative follow-up time was 33.0 months，the all-cause mortality was 6.3%（7/111），the aorta-related mortality was 2.7%（3/111）. Among the main complications，there were 3 patients（2.7%） of cerebrovascular accident，2 patients（1.8%）of paraplegia，1 patient（0.9%）of retrograde type A dissection（RTAD），2 patients （1.8%）of endoleak，and 3 patients（2.7%）of distal stent -induced new entry（dSINE）. Four patients（3.6%）underwent the second aortic intervention，of which 3 patients（2.7%）were performed endovascular surgery and 1 patient（0.9%）was performed thoracotomy and artificial vascular replacement. Conclusion：The mid -term outcomes of TEVAR combined with LSA fenestration for aortic arch diseases were within the acceptable range，however，further follow-up results are needed and long-term stability and durability needs to be assessed. In addition，the technical process of fenestration needs to be standardized and unified，and related equipment needs to be further developed.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the current situation and characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）/hepatitis B virus（HBV）co-infection among HIV-infected individuals，as well as to analyze the effectiveness of anti-retroviral therapy（ART）and its influencing factors for HIV/HBV co-infected patients. Methods：The study selected newly diagnosed HIV patients in Nantong City from January，2016，to December，2021，as the research subjects. Based on the results of hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg）testing， the patients were categorized into two groups：an HIV mono-infection group（1 830 cases）and an HIV/HBV co-infection group （135 cases）. The study compared the HIV infection characteristics of the two groups before ART，analyzed the virological suppression and CD4 ⁺ T lymphocyte count changes after ART therapy，and evaluated the improvement of immune function and its influencing factors. Results：HIV/HBV co-infection led to more severe immune impairment of the patients before ART than those in the HIV mono-infection group. After receiving ART，both the HIV mono-infection group and the HIV/HBV co-infection group showed a gradual increase in CD4 ⁺ T count，and the virological suppression rate was over 90% in both groups after two years of ART. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the increasing age at ART initiation，initial CD4 ⁺ T count < 200 cells/μL，and initial HIV RNA ≥4.5［lg（copies/mL）］were risk factors for immune reconstitution. There was also an increasing trend in the rate of favorable immune reconstitution with a prolonged treatment time. Co-infection with HBV exacerbated immune impairment in HIV-infected individuals before ART，which may affect immune reconstitution. Conclusion：HBV infection can worsen immune damage in HIV-infected individuals. The current ART strategy for HIV/HBV co-infection effectively suppresses dual infection and benefits immune reconstitution in HIV/HBV co-infection. However，there are insufficiencies in ART and efficacy monitoring in patient management， highlighting the need for further standardization of clinical diagnosis and treatment activities.

Abstract:Intestinal organoid is a new experimental model and is widely used in research on intestinal diseases and functional changes for its property in mimicking structures and functions of in vivo organs. In recent years，researchers have combined gene-editing technology with intestinal organoids，offering possibilities for elucidating the mechanisms of diseases and developing targeted therapies for these diseases. This review looks back on the applications of gene-editing in intestinal organoids and their future perspectives in disease modeling and drug development.

Abstract:Macrophages are crucial immune cells in the body，with functions including phagocytosis，antigen presentation，immune defense，and inflammation regulation. Macrophages polarize into distinct subtypes within diverse microenvironments to further exert their immunoregulatory functions. Sepsis is a life -threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection， and it is the primary cause of mortality in critically ill patients. Macrophage polarization plays a significant role at different stages of the inflammatory response in sepsis，thereby influencing the clinical outcomes of septic patients. This review provides an overview of the characteristics of macrophage polarization and its role in sepsis immunity and organ dysfunction，aiming to offer new insights for improving the prognosis and treatment of septic patients.

Abstract:Breast cancer harbors a distinctive microbial community that significantly differs in quantity and diversity from normal breast tissue，benign breast diseases，and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Moreover，the microbial composition varies among different molecular subtypes，grades，and stages of breast cancer. This suggests that the breast cancer-associated microbiota play an important role in the initiation，progression，and treatment of breast cancer. Nevertheless，due to factors such as ethnic and geographical disparities，sample sizes，and sequencing depths，there are discrepancies in current research results，and there is a lack of comprehensive reviews. Therefore，this paper summarizes the latest research progress on microbiota sequencing in breast cancer， systematically analyzes the differences in microbial composition between breast cancer tissues and non-cancerous tissues，and between different molecular subtypes，pathological grades and stages of breast cancer，and discusses the roles of microbiota in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer，with the aim of providing a new perspective for the future diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer based on microbiota.

Abstract:Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma（PSC）is a rare type of non-small cell lung cancer，characterized by high invasiveness and heterogeneity. It is insensitive to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy，resulting in an extremely poor prognosis. Immunotherapy，as a landmark advancement in lung cancer treatment，provides a new direction for the treatment of PSC patients with driver gene negativity，offering hope for improving clinical outcomes. Based on this，this article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research progress on immunotherapy for PSC，encompassing both domestic and international studies.

Abstract:Prostate cancer（PCa）is the second most common malignancy among men worldwide. A more comprehensive and integrated approach is needed for its early screening，auxiliary diagnosis，risk stratification，treatment guidance，and efficacy assessment. Radiomics，a technique that extracts and analyzes image features in a quantitative and high-throughput manner，has shown significant clinical value in the non-invasive diagnosis，aggressiveness assessment，treatment efficacy，and prognosis evaluation of PCa. With the rapid development of imaging modalities and artificial intelligence technologies，radiomics has tremendous potential. This article reviews the existing researches on radiomics based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging，positron emission tomography/computed tomography，computed tomography，ultrasound and other imaging modalities in PCa，emphasizing its potential in future applications.

Abstract:Glioblastoma（GBM）is the most common and malignant brain tumor in adults. The subventricular zone（SVZ），as the most concentrated site of adult neural stem cells，may be the potential source of glioblastoma stem cells. Studies have shown that SVZ plays an important role in the occurrence，development，recurrence and metastasis of the disease，and SVZ involvement can be used as a adverse prognostic marker in GBM patients. Therefore，SVZ may be a target for radiotherapy in patients with GBM. Moreover，SVZ radiotherapy can improve the prognosis of GBM，but there have been many contradictory research results in recent years. In order to explore the clinical value of SVZ，it is necessary to discuss the latest research progress between SVZ and radiotherapy. This review summarizes the relevant theoretical basis research，lists and evaluates the existing clinical evidence，and explores the value of SVZ radiotherapy.

Abstract:Currently，multiple parameter MRI（mpMRI）is the preferred imaging modality for the non-invasive detection，localization， and staging of prostate cancer. However，the interpretation of mpMRI images relies on the experience and subjective judgment of the reader，leading to potential diagnostic bias. Quantitative MRI techniques can provide a more objective and precise interpretation for the pathophysiological characteristics of prostate lesions. Traditional quantitative techniques include DTI，DKI，IVIM and T2 mapping，but their limitations restrict their widespread clinical utility. Nevertheless，synthetic MRI has emerged as a novel quantitative technique that enables the acquisition of multiple sets of absolute measurements based on histopathophysiological properties in a single scan. With its high scanning efficiency and error tolerance rate，synthetic MRI holds promising clinical prospects in prostate cancer. This review discusses the clinical applications of both traditional and novel quantitative MRI techniques in prostate cancer.

Abstract: