Abstract:Objective：To investigate the correlation between peripheral blood alpha 2 macroglobulin（A2M）and immune cell infiltration in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）. Methods：Comprehensive analysis of the GSE38974 dataset was performed. GO enrichment，KEGG analysis，and GSVA analysis were used to explore potential functions and pathways. CIBERSORT was used to assess tissue- infiltrating immune cells. Peripheral blood A2M levels and immune cell counts were analyzed in 25 stable COPD patients and 26 healthy controls. ELISA was used to detect the concentration of A2M in plasma. RT-qPCR was used to measure A2M mRNA expression levels in cells and peripheral blood. Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of the M2 macrophage surface marker arginase-1（Arg-1）. Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. ROC curve was used to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of A2M. Results：Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in GSE38974 dataset revealed that A2M expression was decreased in lung tissue of COPD patients and was correlated with immune cell infiltration in lung tissues of COPD patient. RT-qPCR and ELISA results showed that A2M levels were down-regulated in peripheral blood of COPD patients，and were correlated with lymphocytes and monocytes in COPD patients. ROC curve analysis showed that A2M had a diagnostic value for COPD. Further pathway analysis suggested that A2M might be associated with macrophages and other regulatory immune pathways. Knocking down of A2M in M2 macrophages resulted in decreased expression of Arg-1. Conclusion：The expression of A2M is decreased in lung tissue and peripheral blood of COPD patients and is closely related to the immune cell counts and immune cell infiltration in COPD patients. A2M may play an important role in the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the changes in levels of angiogenic T lymphocyte（Tang）in the peripheral blood of rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia（CIH）during early atherosclerotic vascular changes. Methods：Healthy adult Sprague Dawley（SD）rats were randomly divided into two groups：the normal feeding group（RA group）and the chronic intermittent hypoxia group（IH group）， with the IH exposed to intermittent hypoxia for 8 h per day for a total of 6 weeks. The intermittent hypoxia pattern was set to repeat every 2 min，with 40 s of nitrogen gas to reduce the oxygen concentration from 21% to 8% and stabilize for 20 s，followed by normal air to restore the oxygen concentration to 21% for 40 s and maintain for 20 s. After modeling，levels of Tang and endothelial progenitor cells （EPC）were measured by flow cytometry. Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C），low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL -C），triglycerides（TG），total cholesterol（TC），and homocysteine（Hcy）were measured by ELISA. pathological changes were observed in HE stained pathological sections of the thoracic aorta. Results：Flow cytometry results showed that compared to the RA group，the levels of Tang in rats of the IH group were significantly elevated[（22.975±1.866）% vs.（15.713±1.746）%，P ＜ 0.001]，and there was no statistical difference in EPC levels[（0.040±0.028）% vs.（0.028±0.012）%，P ＞ 0.05]；H E staining results showed that the IMT of rats thoracic aorta in the IH group was significantly increased compared to the RA group[（121.275 ± 30.896）μm vs. （84.075±7.452）μm，P ＜ 0.05]；ELISA results showed that the Hcy level in the IH group was significantly higher compared to the RA group[（6.2±0.6）μmol/L vs.（ 5.5±0.6）μmol/L，P ＜ 0.05]，but there were no statistical differences in HDL -C，LDL -C，TC，and TG levels. Conclusion：Early atherosclerosis occurs in the blood vessels of CIH rats and the levels of Tang elevated，suggesting that the level of Tang is related to the occurrence and development of early atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the ultrastructure of placental trophoblast cells of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM），and to investigate the role of ferroptosis in the occurrence and development of GDM. Methods：Pregnant women who delivered at the Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were selected as the research subjects and divided into four groups：diet-controlled glucose satisfaction group（G1 group），oral metformin-controlled glucose group（G2 group）， insulin-controlled glucose group（G3 group），and unsatisfactory glucose control but refused to use medication group（G4 group），each with 30 cases. Normal healthy pregnant women were included as the control group（N group）. The ultrastructure of placental trophoblast cells in each group was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The placental iron deposition was detected by Prussian blue staining. The localizations and expressions of Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4（ACSL4）and glutathione peroxidase 4（GPX4）in the syncytiotrophoblast layer were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expressions and the mRNA transcription levels of ACSL4 and GPX4 in the placenta were detected by Western blot and qRT -PCR，respectively. Results：Under transmission electron microscopy，varying degrees of mitochondrial morphological changes were observed in the placentas of GDM women in the G1，G2，G3，and G4 groups，with G1，G2，and G3 groups showing milder mitochondrial changes，and the G4 group exhibiting typical ferroptosis with shrunken mitochondria. Prussian blue staining demonstrated iron particles in all five groups，with a significant increase in iron particles in the G1，G2，G3，and G4 groups compared to the N group and a significant decrease in iron particles in the G1，G2 and G3 groups compared to the G4 group. Western blot results showed an increase in ACSL4 protein expression and a decrease in GPX4 protein expression in the placenta of G1，G2，G3，and G4 groups compared to the N group，while qRT-PCR results showed no significant difference in ACSL4 and GPX4 mRNA transcription levels between the groups. Conclusion：Ferroptosis exists in placental trophoblast cells of pregnant women with GDM，and it is correlated with the severity of the disease and medication. Abnormal expression of ACSL4 and GPX4 in the placenta of GDM pregnant women. Metformin and insulin have a role in improving ferroptosis of placental trophoblast cells.

Abstract:Objective：To develop a rapid and visual detection method of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia（S.maltophilia） by recombinant polymerase amplification（RPA）combined with lateral flow strip（LFS）. Methods：RPA primers were designed based on specific sequences（NC_010943.1）of S. maltophilia. Through basic RPA reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis，the best primer pair was selected according to the amplification performance and the formation of cross dimers. According to the best primer pair，the probe and modified-primer were designed. Base mismatches were introduced into the primer and probe to eliminate false positive signals，and then the RPA-LFS reaction system was established. The optimal reaction conditions of RPA-LFS were optimized based on the color of the test line. The specificity of the method was identified by detecting 12 common clinically pathogens and 12 S. maltophilia of clinical origin. The sensitivity of this method was tested by diluting the genome template. Kappa analysis and clinical application evaluation of RPA-LFS were performed by detecting 108 clinical samples，comparing with qPCR and culture-biochemical method. Results：The RPA- LFS detection method can complete the amplification process by reacting for 8 min under 37 ℃，and the results can be observed on the LFS within 1 min. This method had high sensitivity and the limit of detection was 1.107 CFU/reaction. In addition，the RPA - LFS method had high specificity and no cross-reaction with other pathogens. Compared with qPCR，the RPA-LFS method showed the same accuracy. The results of RPA-LFS exhibited a high degree of consistency with the culture-biochemical method，with a kappa index of 0.972. Conclusion：This study has established a rapid and accurate RPA-LFS dectection method for identifying S. maltophilia，which is independent of the precision instruments and the professional technician. The implementation of this method can provide valuable information for timely formulation of appropriate reasonable antibacterial treatment plans，and shows promise in clinical application.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the efficacy of phenobarbital monotherapy on epilepsy in rural areas of Jiangsu Province. Methods：The convulsive epilepsy cases were treated with phenobarbital drugs and follow - up management from January 2005 to December 2020. The clinical characteristics，dosage，curative efficacy，and adverse reactions of epilepsy patients were evaluated. Results：A total of 4 315 patients with convulsive seizures were included，and 73.8% of the patients had a maximum phenobarbital dosage ranging from 30 to 90 mg/d. 2 715 patients were followed up for four years，and the effective rate of treatment was 75.44%，with approximately 20% of patients experiencing deterioration of epilepsy symptoms. The incidence of adverse reactions such as fatigue， dizziness，and headache decreased from 16.2%（1st month）to 10.87%（4th year）. Conclusion：The phenobarbital monotherapy for convulsive epilepsy patients achieved good clinical efficacy，and can be further promoted and implemented in rural areas.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the value of serum lipid metabolism and orbital magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）quantitative parameters in predicting the efficacy of glucocorticoid（GC）therapy in patients with active and moderate -to-severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy（TAO）. Methods：The study retrospectively enrolled 44 patients with active and moderate-to-severe TAO receiving GC therapy，according to GC efficacy，patients were divided into the GC-sensitive group（n=28）and the GC -insensitive group（n=16）. Serum lipid metabolism，orbital MRI-based lacrimal gland herniation/orbital fat thickness（LGH/OFT）as well as other clinical parameters before GC therapy were collected and compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to analyze the independent predictors related to GC therapy efficacy and evaluate their predictive value. Results：The serum total cholesterol and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in GC-sensitive group were significantly lower than those in the insensitive group（P=0.005，P=0.019），and the disease duration was shorter in the sensitive group （P=0.037）. The ratio of LGH/OFT in the sensitive group was higher than that in the insensitive group significantly（P ＜ 0.001）. Serum total cholesterol and LGH/OFT were found to be independent predictors of sensitivity to GC therapy in TAO patients through multivariate analysis（odds ratio were 0.230 and 1.395_{per 0.1 units}，respectively）（both P ＜ 0.05）. Combining serum total cholesterol ≤ 4.8 mmol/L and LGH/OFT ≥ 1.51，the best predictive efficacy could be obtained（area under the curve 0.838，sensitivity 87.5%， specificity 65.6%）. Conclusion：Both serological lipid parameters and orbital MRI quantitative parameters can predict the sensitivity of GC therapy in patients with active and moderate-to-severe TAO，and their combinations can further improve the predictive performance.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the effects of the two different models on diagnostic rates using different combinations of smear and liquid-based cytology during thyroid fine needle aspiration（FNA）. Methods：We recruited 613 thyroid nodules from 591 patients with thyroid nodules. All thyroid nodules underwent four passes of FNA in two modes. Mode 1，304 nodules were aspirated with the first two passes for traditional smear，while the latter two passes using SurePath with liquid - based cytology. Mode 2，the other 309 nodules were aspirated in the opposite sequence with the first two passes for liquid - based cytology，while the later two passes for traditional smear cytology. The cytopathologists read each slide blindly and separately. The diagnostic rates of each model were compared. Results：We found that the diagnostic rate of the mode 2 with the first two passes for liquid-based cytology using SurePath and the latter two passes for conventional smear was 82.2%，which was significantly higher than 74.7%（P=0.023）in the group of mode 1 using the first two passes for conventional smear and the following two passes for liquid-based cytology using SurePath. For nodules larger or equal to 10 mm，the diagnostic rate of the mode 2 was 83.2%，which was also significantly higher than the diagnostic rate of 75.4%（P=0.048）in the mode 1 group. The diagnostic rate of the first two passes using liquid-based cytology alone was 78.0%，which was significantly higher than 63.8%（P ＜ 0.001）in the conventional smear group also using the first two passes. For nodules larger or equal to 10 mm，the diagnostic rate of liquid - based cytology in the first two passes alone was 78.3%，which was also significantly higher than 62.6%（P ＜ 0.001）in the conventional smear group similarly using the first two passes. Conclusion：As for diagnostic rate，cytology sampling model using liquid - based preparation as the first two passes followed by later two passes using smear is superior to the model using the combination with opposite sequence. If only one sampling method is applied，liquid - based cytology method would yield higher diagnostic rate.

Abstract:Objective：To determine the optimal preoperative magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）radiomics parameters and compare the values in predicting disease-free survival（DFS）of early-stage cervical cancer patients with clinicopathological factors. Methods：A total of 186 patients with early-stage cervical cancers（preoperative FIGO stage ⅠB-ⅡA），who underwent radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy during January 2013 and June 2018，were retrospectively reviewed. Multi-sequence MR data，clinicopathologic data， and DFS data were collected；least - absolute shrinkage and selection operator（LASSO）and the Cox proportional hazard regression model were applied to construct a Rad - score. Clinicopathological models（with significant clinicopathological features），radiomics models（Rad-scores for T1CE，DWI，T2WI，T1CE+DWI，T1CE+T2WI，DWI+T2WI，and T1CE+DWI+T2WI），and combined models （the Rad - score model combined with significant clinicopathological features）were compared using a multivariable Cox model. Results：The T1CE radiomics model was the most stable and optimal model（C-index for training，0.798；for validation，0.758）of all the radiomics models. The radiomics model of T1CE showed higher prognostic performance than the clinicopathological model（C-index for training，0.746；for validation，0.641）. The combined model（histological type of adenocarcinoma，lymph-node metastasis together with Rad-score for T1CE）showed the highest prognostic performance in estimating DFS（C-index for training，0.848；for validation，0.784）. Conclusion：An MRI-derived Rad-score of T1CE combined with a clinicopathological model is optimal in predicting DFS in early-stage cervical cancers.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the value of imaging in the diagnosis of neonatal meconium peritonitis and the selection of treatment methods. Methods：We retrospectively analyzed the clinical，ultrasound and radiological manifestations and treatment results of 83 neonates，which were diagnosed as meconium peritonitis，from January 2018 to December 2022. The children were divided into the surgical group and the non-surgical group，and the manifestations on ultrasound and X-ray examination such as peritoneal calcification，meconium pseudocyst，intestinal obstruction，volvulus，ascites，and pneumoperitoneum were analyzed. Results： Eighty three neonates（48 males and 35 females）were diagnosed as meconium peritonitis in this period. All patients received ultrasound and X-ray examination after admission. Among them，61 cases（73.5%）required surgical treatment，and 22 cases（26.5%） were successfully treated non-surgically. The occurrence rates of three imaging manifestations，including intestinal obstruction （ultrasound 24/61，radiography 32/61），ascites（ultrasound 27/61），and intestinal torsion（ultrasound 13/61），were higher in the surgical group than the non-surgical group（P ＜ 0.05）. The presence of pneumoperitoneum signs in the surgical group was also higher than the non-surgical group，but the number of cases was not enough to show statistical significance. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of multiple calcifications and meconium pseudocysts between two groups. Conclusion：Imaging findings that predicted the need for surgery were intestinal obstruction，ascites，volvulus and pneumoperitoneum. Neonates only with multiple calcifications in the peritoneum can be successfully treated non-operatively. Children with meconium pseudocyst do not need surgery if they do not have the above manifestations.

Abstract:Objective：To detect the residual levels of environmental pollutants in the bodies of biomedical laboratory researchers in Jiangsu Province and provide a basis for the establishment of laboratory biosafety regulations. Methods：A total of 100 biomedical laboratory researchers and 100 non-researchers were selected as subjects from universities in four regions of Jiangsu Province：Nanjing， Huai’an，Yancheng，and Suzhou. A questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the current exposure to environmental pollutants among different groups. Morning urine samples were collected from the participants，with 95 samples from researchers and 94 samples from non -researchers. The urinary levels of di（2 - ethylhexyl）phthalate（DEHP），bisphenol A（BPA），and benzo[a]pyrene were measured using β-glucuronidase hydrolysis and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS）. Results：The levels of DEHP，BPA，and benzo[a]pyrene in the urine of biomedical laboratory researchers in Jiangsu Province [（1 359.0±251.0）μg/g，（284.4±134.0）μg/g，（109.0±43.2）ng/g]were significantly higher than those in the control group’s urine [（489.7±103.1）μg/g，（177.3±86.4）μg/g，（80.2±31.5）ng/g，P ＜ 0.001]. Benzo[a]pyrene levels were higher in the urine of laboratory researchers in Nanjing and Suzhou[（132.4±37.1）ng/g，（139.3±32.8）ng/g]，while DEHP showed no significant differences among laboratory researchers in different regions. However，the levels of BPA in laboratory researchers from Yancheng were the highest [（386.1 ± 202.1）μg/g]. Conclusion：Biomedical laboratory researchers in various regions of Jiangsu Province have higher accumulations of environmental pollutants in their bodies compared to non -laboratory personnel. This could be associated with their daily laboratory work，emphasizing the need for laboratory researchers to pay more attention to protecting themselves from environmental pollutants.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the seasonal patterns and long-term trends of the 10 year epidemic characteristics of four types of viral hepatitis in China from 2012 to 2021，and explore a time series model suitable for forecasting predicting hepatitis incidence， providing reference and suggestions for scientific hepatitis prevention and control. Methods：Seasonal decomposition of the time series was conducted on the monthly incidence of hepatitis A，B，C，and E in China from January 2012 to December 2021. A seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model（ARIMA）and a seasonal index smoothing model（ES）were established to predict the incidence of four types of hepatitis from January to August 2022，and the predictive effects were compared. Results：March of each year is the peak period for the incidence of all types of hepatitis. Over the 10 year period，the hepatitis A showed an overall decreasing trend，hepatitis B had fluctuating trends with recent years showing an increasing trend，hepatitis C showed an overall increasing trend， and hepatitis E remained stable overall. The monthly average incidence of hepatitis B，C，and E were 57.06 times，11.5 times，and 1.35 times higher than that of hepatitis A，respectively. The prediction performance of the seasonal ES model was better than that of the seasonal ARIMA model. Conclusion：There are a large number of patients with hepatitis B and C in China，and key prevention and control efforts need to be strengthened. The seasonal decomposition of time series can be used to analyze the seasonal patterns and long -term trends of hepatitis prevalance. The seasonal ES model includes three parameters：level，trend，and seasonality，which can reflect the epidemic pattern of hepatitis. In the prediction of hepatitis incidence，it has the advantages of being simple，easy to calculate，and high prediction accuracy.

Abstract:Objective：To understand the height development，trend and urban - rural inequality of Uygur primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 in Xinjiang. Methods：The height of 18 112 Uygur primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 in Xinjiang by national students fitness and health survey report in 1985，2000，2010，and 2019 were selected，which were divided into four groups：urban boys，rural boys，urban girls，and rural girls. The growth increment at each stage，the growth rate every ten years，the age at peak height velocity and the coefficient of variation were calculated. The differences were analyzed by one - way ANOVA. Results：From 1985 to 2019，the height of Uyghur primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years in Xinjiang showed an overall increasing trend. The average height of urban boys，rural boys，urban girls，and rural girls increased by 7.59，5.27，6.00，and 2.88 cm（all P ＜ 0.001）. The growth increment of each age group was different，and the growth rate of boys and urban students were larger. From 2010 to 2019，the height growth of urban students were the fastest（boys 4.65 cm/10 years，girls 4.97 cm/10 years），and that of rural students were the fastest（boys 4.04 cm/10 years，girls 3.22 cm/10 years）from 1985 to 2000. From 2000 to 2010，the height of boys and girls increased negatively. The age at peak height velocity of urban boys，rural boys and rural girls are relatively stable except that of urban girls enhanced，and there were downward trend in recent years. The average height of gender difference of 18-year-old Uyghur urban students increased from 11.39 cm in 1985 to 14.20 cm in 2019，and that of rural students increased from 11.44 cm in 1985 to 13.26 cm in 2019. The growth potential of rural students was large. The height inequality was measured by the coefficient of variation of height（CV-h）. The results show that rural CV-h had decreased，while urban CV-h had increased in the past 34 years. Since 2010，CV - h of urban students was larger than rural students，and boys was larger than girls in all survey years. Conclusion：The height of Uyghur primary and secondary school students aged 7- 18 years continues to increase，and the overall growth rate has slowed down，especially in rural areas，but the urban growth rate has increased；Uyghurs students have obvious height inequalities between urban and rural areas. The difference between urban and rural areas is expanding，and the inequality within urban areas is expanding，while that in rural areas is decreasing. More attention should be paid to these regional differences，and policies and strategies should be formulated to reduce height inequality.

Abstract:The intestinal epithelium is one of the fastest renewing tissues in mammals and plays a critical role in food digestion and nutrient absorption，maintenance of mucosal barrier，immune regulation，and defense against intestinal microbiota. The diverse cell types within the intestinal epithelium provide the foundation for its multifunctional roles，and their differentiation and development are tightly controlled. Dysregulation of key regulatory signals can compromise the intestinal epithelial barrier function and contribute to the occurrence of various intestinal diseases. This review discusses the functions，cellular composition，and regulatory signals of the intestinal epithelium.

Abstract:Immune cells support the metabolic needs of immune activation by changing the activity of metabolic enzymes and nutrient uptake，and this process is called metabolic reprogramming of immune cells. Microglia is one of the important immune cells in the brain，and it expresses most of the genes of energy substrate metabolism pathway. More and more studies have confirmed that the metabolism of microglia is highly flexible，and the regulation of metabolism can affect the immune function of microglia，and even affect the development and prognosis in neuroinflammatory diseases. This review focused on the metabolic characteristics of microglia in different environments，and discussed the effect and mechanism of microglia metabolic reprogramming on its immune function.

Abstract:Hypochloric acid（HClO）is associated with various pathological and physiological processes such as neurodegenerative diseases，inflammation，and cancer due to its high oxidation and reactivity. Detecting HClO at the cellular level is of great significance for understanding the pathogenesis of various diseases. Therefore，scientists have designed and synthesized multiple series of small molecule fluorescent probes for intracellular HClO imaging. This article reviews representative cases of two-photon fluorescence probes based on recognition mechanisms，with the aim of providing design strategies for relevant workers.

Abstract:As a high proportion of miRNA in the brain，miR-124 is widely involved in the physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system. Recent studies have found that miR-124 participates in the pathological process of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease by targeting and regulating the signal pathways and proteins related to neurodegenerative diseases. Hence， this article reviews the research progress on the roles of miR-124 in neurodegenerative diseases，aiming to provide a reference for the research on the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases，and provide a new idea for drug treatment targets.

Abstract:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide，and in the past few years，many studies have found that gut flora has an important role in the development of lung cancer. The intestinal microbiota is considered as a human microbial organ，which not only affects the human body’s functions such as digestion and anti-infection，but also influences the human body’s response to tumor therapy by participating in immunomodulation and metabolism. In addition，the interaction between microorganisms and host cells is crucial for regulating local and systemic physiological functions，which can influence the local microenvironment and immune system function of the host，thus affecting tumor development and anti-tumor therapeutic effects. In this paper，we will review the mechanisms by which intestinal flora influence lung cancer development and their clinical significance in lung cancer treatment.

Abstract:With the improvement of perinatal comprehensive treatment，the survival rate of premature infants is continuously improved. The immature lungs of prematurity are susceptible to a variety of perinatal factors，resulting in lung damage. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia（BPD）is known as the most common chronic lung disease in premature infants，threatening the life and health of them seriously. Microbiota has a complex and persistent influence on human life. More and more microbiota and their functions had been discovered with the emergence of next -generation sequencing technology. Currently，numerous evidences proved that intestinal microbiota and lung microbiota played important roles in the lung development of premature infants，and the microbiota dysbiosis was closely related to BPD. However，the mechanism is still poorly understood，and more researches are needed to uncover the pathogenesis. This review summarized the characteristics of lung and intestinal microbiota in premature infants and the changes in BPD to provide optimization scheme for the treatment of BPD in the future.