Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of monotropein（MON）on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury（S-AKI）induced by cecum ligation and puncture（CLP）in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Methods：A total of 90 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a negative control（NC）group，a Sham group，a CLP group，a CLP + MON group，a Sham + MON group，and a CLP + dexamethasone（DEX）group. Drug or equivalent saline was injected intraperitoneally once daily for consecutive five days after CLP. After all mice were euthanized on day 5，serum and kidney tissues were collected for subsequent experiments. Blood urea nitrogen （BUN）and creatinine（CRE）concentrations in the serum were detected by biochemical kits，as well as renal oxidative stress related indicators，such as glutathione（GSH），catalase（CAT），total antioxidant capacity（T -AOC）and malondialdehyde（MDA）levels. The pathological changes of renal tissues were observed by the H&E staining，and the levels of reactive oxygen species（ROS）in renal tissues stained with dihydroethidium（DHE）were observed by laser confocal microscopy. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF- α），interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6 in the serum and kidney tissues were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3（NLRP3）inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa-B（NF-κB）signaling pathway. In addition，lipopolysaccharide（LPS）/adenosine triphosphate（ATP）was used to induce HK-2 cells to establish an in vitro sepsis model. Cell experiments were divided into a NC group，a LPS/ATP group，a LPS/ATP + MON group，a NLRP3^OE + LPS/ATP+MON group and a IKKβ^OE + LPS/ATP+MON group. CCK-8 was used to detect the cell viability，and ELISA was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in HK-2 cells. Results：Compared with the CLP group，the survival rate of mice in the CLP+MON group was significantly increased，the appearance of renal tissues was restored from black to bright red，the serum BUN and CRE levels were significantly decreased，and the abnormal pathological changes of renal tissues with increased inflammatory cells were significantly improved. Compared with the CLP group，the levels of TNF -α，IL -1β，and IL -6 were significantly decreased， GSH，CAT，and T -AOC levels were increased，and MDA and ROS levels were significantly decreased in the MON treatment group. Western blot results showed that compared with the CLP group，the expression levels of NLRP3，Caspase-1，Cleaved-Caspase-1，and p-NF-κB P65 protein in the CLP+MON group decreased significantly，but the expression levels of ihibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B α （IBα）increased significantly. In addition，NLRP3^OE +LPS/ATP+MON group and IKKβ^OE +LPS/ATP+MON group activated NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway，and reversed the inhibitory effect of MON on inflammatory cytokines in the LPS/ATP-stimulated HK-2 cells，compared with the LPS/ATP+MON group. Conclusion：MON reduces the release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to improve mouse S-AKI and dysfunction.

Abstract:Objective：To retrospectively analyze the ultrasound features of primary breast tumors and axillary lymph nodes in patients with lateral quadrant breast cancer，and to construct a nomogram model to provide imaging evidence for better clinical assessment of axillary lymph node metastasis in these patients. Methods：We retrospectively analyzed ultrasonographic features of theaxillary lymph nodes and primary breast tumors in 127 patients with lateral quadrant breast cancer，confirmed by pathology at Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi City. Patients with axillary lymph node metastasis were categorized into the positive group（54 cases），while those without axillary lymph node metastasis were classified into the negative group（73 cases）. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify therisk factors for lymph node metastasis. The dataset was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set using the R language. A nomogram prediction model was constructed based on the training set to predict the risk of axillary lymph node metastasis and validated in the validation set. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curves，while calibration curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to assess the consistency between thepredicted and actual values of the nomogram. Results：Tumor spiculated margin（OR=4.16，95% CI：1.25-13.79）and unclear lymphatic gate structure（OR=19.20，95% CI：1.98-186.36）were identified as independent risk factors of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with lateral quadrant breast cancer. Furthermore，a nomogram model was developed to predict axillary lymph node metastasis in lateral quadrant breast cancer cases. The ROC curves howed that the area under the curve （AUC）for the training set was 0.74（95%CI：0.62-0.86）and the AUC for the validation set was 0.73（95%CI：0.62-0.84）. Hosmer-Lemeshow test results indicated no significant deviation from goodness-of-fit for both the training set and validation set with P-values of 0.570 and 0.552，respectively. Conclusion：Ultrasound plays a valuable role in the assessment of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with lateral quadrant breast cancer. The nomogram prediction model based on logistic regression demonstrates good safety， reliability，and practicality for clinical use.

Abstract:Objective：The effect of coronavirus disease-2019（COVID-19）on detrusor contractility in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia（BPH）was investigated using sonography video urodynamics studies（SVUDS）. Methods：The clinical dataset，including general condition，inflammatory indexes，and SVUDS parameters of 124 BPH patients with or without COVID-19 infection admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University and Shaoyang Central Hospital between January and June 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Those patients were divided into the COVID-19（+）（n=51）and COVID-19（-）（n=73）groups according to the results of virus nucleic acid detection，and the differences in general corditions，inflammatory indicators，and SVUDS parameters were compared between two groups. The correlations of inflammatory indexes and non-invasive SVUDS parameters with detrusor contractility in BPH patients of the COVID -19（+）group were analyzed. Results：The serum level of C-reactive protein（CRP）and interleukin（IL）-6 of BPH patients in the COVID-19（+）group were significantly higher than that of the COVID-19（-）group（P < 0.05），whereas no significant differences in age，IL-1β，prostate specific antigen（PSA），free prostate-specific antigen（fPSA），fPSA/ PSA，prostate volume（PV），prostate specific antigen density（PSAD），intravesical prostatic protrusion（IPP），peak flow rate（Qmax）， urethral resistance factor（URA），bladder outlet obstruction index（BOOI），footpoint，and curvature were found between the two groups （P > 0.05）. Significant thicker bladder wall thickness（BWT），larger post -void residual volume（PVR），and lower value of detrusor contractility indexes，including maximum detrusor pressure（Pdet.max），detrusor pressure at peak flow rate（Pdet.Qmax），bladder contractility index（BCI）and maximum Watts factor（WF_max），were observed in BPH patients of the COVID（+）group，compared with those of the COVID（-）group（P <0.05）. The negative correlations between BWT and WF_max（r=-0.313，P=0.036），between PVR and BCI（r=-0.471，P=0.001），and between PVR and WF_max（r=-0.491，P=0.001）were found in BPH patients of the COVID-19（+）group. Conclusion：COVID-19 may aggravate detrusor underactivity in BPH patients，resulting to the increased PVR even urinary retention， which may be one urodynamics features of long-COVID in those BPH patients.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the alterations in surface electromyogram（sEMG）of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles during straight-line walking in Parkinson’s disease（PD）patients with freezing of gait（FOG），and their correlations with clinical features. Methods：Twelve PD patients with FOG，thirteen PD patients without FOG，and eleven healthy controls（HC） underwent clinical assessments，gait kinematics acquisition，and sEMG evaluations during straight-line walking. The sEMG signal characteristics of the severely affected tibialis anterior and medial head of the gastrocnemius muscles during different phases of the gait cycle were analyzed using thenormalized root mean square（RMS）and co-activation ratio. Additionally，the correlations between sEMG alterations and clinical features were explored. Results：Compared to the HC and PD patients without FOG，PD patients with FOG exhibited slower gait speed，shorter stride length，reduced swing phase，and increased gait variability（P < 0.05）. During the single support phase of the gait cycle，the normalized RMS of the tibialis anterior in FOG patients was significantly lower than that of the HC （P < 0.05）. In the pre-swing phase，the normalized RMS of the tibialis anterior in the PD patients with FOG was significantly reduced compared to the PD patients without FOG（P < 0.01），while the PD patients without FOG showed elevated normalized RMS of the tibialis anterior compared to the HC（P < 0.01）. For the gastrocnemius，the normalized RMS during the pre-swing phase was significantly lower in the FOG patients compared to the patients without FOG and HC（P < 0.05）. Moreover，the co-activation ratio of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius during the swing phase was reduced in the FOG patients compared to the patients without FOG （P < 0.05）. In the FOG patients，the normalized RMS of the gastrocnemius during the pre-swing phase was significantly correlated with the severity of FOG（r=-0.758，P=0.007），as well as the co -activation ratio during the swing phase and stride length variability（r= 0.716，P=0.013）. Conclusion：The decreased sEMG activity of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius during the pre-swing phase， along with a reduced co-activation ratio during the swing phase，are key features of FOG in PD during straight-line walking.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the value of whole exome sequencing（WES）in cases of fetal abnormalities diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound（including structural malformations and soft markers）where chromosome microarray analysis（CMA）failed to clarify the cause. Methods：A total of 81 fetuses were selected from the Department of Ultrasound at the Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University，who were diagnosed with fetal abnormalities between January 2022 and January 2024. Following genetic counseling，invasive prenatal diagnoses were chosen，and chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis was performed for CMA testing，which yielded negative results. WES analysis was then conducted on these samples. The determination of genetic variants was classified according to the guidelines of the American Society for Medical Genetics and Genomics（ACMG）. Pathogenic and possibly pathogenic variants were categorized as positive results，while clinical significance unknown，benign，and possibly benign were categorized as negative results. Results：The 81 ultrasound anomalies consisted of 47（58.02%）monosystemic and 34（41.98% ）multisystemic anomalies. WES detected a total of 14（17.28% ）positive cases，including 7 cases each of monosystemic and multisystemic anomalies，while the remaining 67 cases（82.72%）were negative. The most common ultrasound abnormalities in positive fetuses were cardiovascular system abnormalities and skeletal system abnormalities，each occurring in 5 cases （35.71%），followed by urinary system abnormalities in 4 cases（28.57%）. In addition，2 fetuses had combined nuchal translucency （NT）thickening at early stage（14.29%），and multiple abnormalities were found by ultrasound at mid-trimester. Conclusion：Fetuses with ultrasound anomalies，especially when combined with cardiovascular，skeletal，urinary anomalies or multisystem anomalies，are recommended to undergo WES testing if CMA testing fails to clarify the etiology，which may identify new potential causative genes.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the correlation between maternal glucose and lipid metabolism indicators，triglyceride-glucose （TyG）index，and macrosomia in gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods： Based on a GDM cohort，pregnant women who underwent cesarean section delivery at the Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January to August 2022 were selected according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were divided into three groups based on GDM status and newborn birth weight：normal control group（NC，n=23），GDM non-macrosomia group（GDM-N，n= 23），and GDM macrosomia group（GDM-M，n=23）. General information and glucose and lipid metabolism indicators from the second and third trimesters were collected for all three groups. The TyG index and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）were calculated. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between maternal indicators in the second and third trimesters and GDM macrosomia. Results：In the second trimester，the GDM-M group showed elevated levels of fasting plasma glucose（FPG），glycated hemoglobin（HbA1c），and TyG index，while direct bilirubin（DBIL）and creatinine（Cr）levels were decreased. The 1 h and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were higher than the NC group but lower than the GDM-N group（P < 0.05）. In the third trimester，C-peptide（CP），triglycerides（TG），HbA1c，and TyG index were increased，and alanine aminotransferase（ALT）was higher than the NC group but lower than the GDM-N group（P < 0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that neonatal birth weight was positively correlated with maternal FPG and HbA1c in the second trimester，and with CP，HbA1c，TG，and TyG in the third trimester（P < 0.05）. Negative correlations were observed with DBIL and Cr in the second trimester（P < 0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that maternal FPG，HbA1c，and DBIL in the second trimester，and HbA1c，TG，and TyG index in the third trimester were significant factors influencing macrosomia（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Maternal glucose and lipid metabolism indicators and TyG index in the second and third trimesters are closely associated with the occurrence of macrosomia in GDM. HbA1c，FPG，TG，and TyG can serve as important monitoring and assessment indicators for the occurrence of macrosomia in GDM pregnancies.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the risk factors of postoperative pulmonary complication（PPC）in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery（VATS）under day surgery management model. Methods：The clinical data of 624 patients who underwent the surgery of thoracoscopic pulmonary nodules for the first time in the Rapid Rehabilitation Care Unit were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they developed PPC within one month after discharge：the PPC group and the non-PPC group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors，and a nomogram prediction model was constructed and internally validated. Results：A total of 209 patients（33.5%）developed PPC. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that days of postoperativie thoracic drainage tube placement（OR=1.478，95% CI：1.043- 2.094），drainage volume on the first day after surgery（OR=1.008，95%CI：1.006-1.011），and malignant pathological results（OR=1.564，95%CI：1.037- 2.359）were independent risk factors for PPC. The area under the ROC curve of the prediction model was 0.716（95%CI：0.673-0.760）， and the calibration curve based on the Hosmer-Lemeshow test had a P-value of 0.105，suggesting good discrimination and calibration of the prediction model. Conclusion：The days of postoperative thoracic drainage tube placement，the drainage volume on the first day after surgery and malignant pathological results are independent risk factors for PPC in patients undergoing VATS under day surgery management model. The prediction model constructed based on these factors shows good discrimination and calibration，providing a basis for personalized prevention and treatment of postoperative PPC.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the risk factors for chronic pain after single-port video-assisted thoracic surgery（VATS）and establish the predictive model to validate it. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on 302 patients who underwent single-port VATS at department of thoracic surgery，the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January to June 2023. Clinical data of patients were collected. A numerical rating scale（NRS）was used to assess the degree of pain in patients three months after surgery，and the patients were divided into the pain group and the non-pain group. The patients were also randomly divided into a training set（n=214）and a validation set（n=88）at a 7∶3 ratio，and univariate analysis was performed on the training set. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to establish a predictive model. Reciever operating characteristic（ROC）curve was used to evaluate model discrimination，calibration curve was used to evaluate model consistency，decision curve analysis（DCA）was used to evaluate the clinical value of the model，and the model was verified in the validation set. Results：The multivariate analysis showed that age（OR=0.925，95%CI：0.872-0.981，P=0.009），postoperative closed chest drainage time（OR=1.273，95%CI：1.018-1.591，P= 0.034），C-reactive protein（CRP）value on the first day after surgery（OR=1.090，95%CI：1.030-1.153，P=0.003），and NRS score on the first day after surgery（OR=3.060，95%CI：1.879-4.981，P < 0.001）were independent risk factors for chronic pain after single-port thoracoscopy. Based on this，a prediction model was constructed，with an area under the ROC curve of 0.871（95%CI：0.799-0.943） and the cut-off value corresponding to the maximum Yoden index was to 0.195 with a sensitivity of 76.5% and a specificity of 85.6%.With a Bootstrap sample of 1 000 times，the predicted risk of chronic pain by the calibration curve was highly consistent with the actual risk. The DCA curve indicated positive returns at all predicted probabilities. Conclusion：After single-port VATS，patient age，time of closed thoracic drainage after surgery，CRP value on the first day after surgery，and NRS score on the first day after surgery are all independent risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain. This prediction model may be helpful in accurately predicting chronic postoperative pain and may has good clinical application value.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the application of superficial temporal fascia fat flap in late-stage temporomandibular joint internal derangement（TMJID）. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on 18 patients（21 joints）with late-stage TMJID who visited the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Nanjing Medical University from July 2022 to December 2023. All patients underwent TMJ discectomy and reconstruction simultaneously with pedicled superficial temporal fascial fat flap. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations（more than 3 months）included maximal interincisal opening，pain visual analogue scale（VAS）scores，and self-assessment of joint function. Radiological examinations were performed to evaluate the change in TMJ space. Results：Among the 18 patients，17 were female and 1 was male，with an average age of（42.22±16.90）years. There were 12 perforated articular disc，accounting for 57.14% . The improvement of the mean preoperative mouth opening of（24.00±7.94）mm to a mean postoperative mouth opening of（34.83±4.48）mm was found to be statistically significant（P < 0.001）. The mean VAS pain score on maximum mouth opening decreased significantly from 50（25，75）points to 0（0，25）points（P < 0.001），while the VAS pain scores on diet reduced from 50（0，75）points to 0（0，0）points（P=0.001）. The mean scores on the self-assessment of joint function improved from（58.06±7.50）points preoperatively to（81.67±7.28）points postoperatively and were found to be statistically significant （P < 0.001）. Compared with the preoperation，postoperative radiological examinations showed that the anterior，superior and posterior joint space were significantly increased after surgery（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Replacement of the perforated joint disc with a superficial temporal fascia fat flap can improve mouth opening，relieve pain，and maintain the joint space stability. This technique is an effective treatment for late-stage TMJID.

Abstract:Cardiolipin，a pivotal lipid crucial for sustaining mitochondrial function，undergoes dynamic remodeling to accommodate fluctuating energy demands across both physiological and pathological contexts. Alterations in cardiolipin composition not only serve as indicators of mitochondrial functional states but also are intricately linked to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases，including cardiomyopathy，Parkinson’s disease，and age-related sarcopenia. Notably，exercise plays a crucial role in mitigating the detrimental health impacts of chronic diseases by modulating both the composition and levels of cardiolipin across various tissues. In this review， we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the latest advancements in understanding cardiolipin dynamics during exercise and pathological conditions，highlighting the synergistic interplay between mitochondrial biogenesis and cardiolipin biosynthesis in orchestrating mitochondrial function and accommodating shifts in energy metabolism.

Abstract:The lung-gut axis plays a critical role in the progression of respiratory diseases，with gut microbiota facilitating bidirectional regulation between the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Metabolites produced by gut microbiota not only influence gut microbiome composition but also impact respiratory diseases such as asthma，chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，pulmonary hypertension，and viral pneumonia through direct or indirect mechanisms via the lung-gut axis. This review explores the involvement of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in respiratory disease pathophysiology，aiming to provide new insights into potential mechanisms， preventive strategies，and therapeutic approaches for respiratory conditions.

Abstract:Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disease，the prevalence of which is increasing year by year，and the nocturnal intermittent hypoxia triggered by it is closely related to a variety of adverse health outcomes，therefore，it is a hotspot to search for a simple，reliable and comprehensive index to assess intermittent night hypoxia in recent years. In this paper，we summarized the different evaluation methods of the indexes related to nocturnal intermittent anoxia，including the frequency（oxygen saturation decline index），duration（time when oxygen saturation is below 90% and saturation damage time），and hypoxia amplitude（lowest oxygen saturation，oxygen saturation decline amplitude），etc，and comprehensive assessment indicators such as hypoxic load，hypoxic load index，hypoxic load，and sleep-disordered breathing index，etc.

Abstract:Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in China，commanding increasing attention. The prevailing therapeutic strategies rely on chemotherapy，targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However，the emergence of drug resistance and disease progression are inevitable challenges in clinical practice，underscoring an imperative for the development of more efficacious strategies to enhance patient prognoses. Antibody-drug conjugate（ADC），as an innovative anti-tumor therapy，is composed of three key elements：monoclonal antibodies that specifically target tumor cells，highly cytotoxic drug payload，and linker that connect these two components. By binding the specific antibodies to antigens on the surface of tumor cells，ADC deliver the cytotoxic payload directly to the tumor cells，thus overcoming the limitations of traditional chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapies. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research advancements of ADC in the field of lung cancer treatment，discussing their therapeutic potential in terms of efficacy and safety，with the aim of offering a reference for the clinical management of lung cancer.

Abstract:Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among men worldwide，posing a significant threat to male health. Since prostate-specific membrane antigen（PSMA）has been proved to be the preferred biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer，PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals have made significant progress in the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer，effectively improving the diagnostic sensitivity and treatment effect of prostate cancer. This article reviews the research progress of PSMA-targeted radioactive molecular probes in recent years，analyzes the design concepts of probe structure and summarizes the clinical experience. It is expected to benefit the development of radioactive molecular probes for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.

Abstract:Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F（HNRNPF）is a widely expressed RNA-binding protein primarily localized in the nucleus. It plays a crucial role in the maturation of mRNA precursors，facilitating their conversion into functional mRNAs through the recognition and binding of specific RNA sequences. Additionally，it regulates mRNA nuclear transport，enhances expression stability，and influences the transmission of tumor-related signaling pathways. HNRNPF exhibits abnormal expression in various malignant tumors and is strongly correlated with a poor prognosis. It actively participates in crucial biological processes including tumor cell proliferation，invasion，and metastasis，thereby potentially serving as both a therapeutic target and a clinical prognostic marker. This paper systematically reviews the molecular structure and function，expression patterns and prognostic implications of HNRNPF in malignant neoplasms，along with its associated mechanism of action，to generate novel insights for the neoplastic diagnosis，treatment，and prognosis.

Abstract:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy（HCM）in children progresses faster and has a higher risk of sudden death，which is a great threat to children's life and health. Presently，echocardiography or magnetic resonance serve as auxiliary diagnosis，but these methods lack the capability to detect the disease at an early stage. Studies have found that mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein-C （cMyBP-C）gene are closely related to HCM. Exploring the relationship between cMyBP-C and HCM can provide guidance for early diagnosis and treatment of HCM in children，ultimately improving prognosis. This article presents a comprehensive overview of cMyBP-C， including its molecular structure，physiological functions，relationship with HCM，as well as the diagnostic potential of S-glutathionylated cMyBP-C，the therapeutic potential of myocardial myosin ATPase inhibitors，and the gene therapy.

Abstract:Neurological diseases have always been a major challenge in the field of medicine，and the role of macrophage polarization in them has attracted much attention in recent years. Macrophages have different polarization states，including M1 type and M2 type，which play a key role in the occurrence and development of neurological diseases. In neuroinflammation，M1-type macrophages may exacerbate damage，while M2 -type macrophages contribute to tissue repair and nerve regeneration. Studies have found that the imbalance of macrophage polarization is closely correlated with a variety of neurological diseases，such as Alzheimer's disease，multiple sclerosis，and traumatic brain injury. In response to this phenomenon，some progress has been made in drug research， and new drugs are designed to regulate the polarization of macrophages to reduce inflammation and promote nerve repair. Some drugs regulate the polarization of macrophages by inhibiting specific signaling pathways，while others work by targeting cytokines or receptors. However，there are still many challenges in the current research，such as the safety and effectiveness of the drug，and the complexity of the mechanisms. This paper summarizes the different polarization phenotypes and main functions of macrophages stimulated by different microenvironmental signals，and focuses on the role of macrophage polarization in nervous system diseases as well as clinical disease treatment strategies targeting macrophage polarization，which will bring new hope for the treatment of nervous system diseases.

Abstract:Thyroid hormones have an important influence on metabolism，growth and energy expenditure in the human body and play a key role in intestinal functions. The thyroid gland mainly produces the thyroid prohormone tetraiodothyronine（T4）and a small amount of the active hormone triiodothyronine（T3）. T4 is converted to T3 in peripheral tissues，which influences cellular function by regulating gene expression through binding to nuclear receptors. Thyroid hormones are important for the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells，maintenance of the intestinal barrier，intestinal immune function，and regulation of the intestinal microbiota. Altered intestinal function affects thyroid function，and the balance of intestinal flora is critical for thyroid hormone metabolism. Thyroid hormones maintain intestinal health by regulating the function of intestinal epithelial cells and stem cells，then influence the occurrence and development of intestinal-related diseases.

Abstract:Acute myeloid leukemia（AML）is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. The“3+7”regimen composed of anthracyclines and cytarabine has been established as the standard induction regimen for AML patients since the 1970 s. Since then， on going clinical studies have focused on optimizing the first-line induction regimen and evaluating whether new regimens have more advantages in terms of efficacy and safety compared to the standard induction regimen. This article mainly describes the progress of first-line induction therapy regimens for AML，and the research of related molecular targeted drugs，so as to provide reference for clinical treatment.