Abstract:Objective：Ovarian cancer（OC）ranks among the leading causes of mortality among the female cancers worldwide. Numerous studies have explored the development and progression of OC at multiple genetic regulatory levels. However，relatively few studies have explored the impact of post -translational modifications（PTM）on OC progression，which is essential for uncovering new therapeutic targets. This study aimed to systematically identify the key PTM types involved in OCprogression，and to explore and evaluate their translational potential as therapeutic targets. Methods：First，we utilized multiple general PTM antibodies to compare gross PTM levels between normal ovarian and OC tissues from clinical females. After identifying lactylation as the PTM with the most significant differences，we selected representative samples for label-free mass spectrometry to identify specific lactylation sites. Next， we transfected A2780（OC）cells with either wild - type（WT）or mutant（K192A[Q]）poly（ADP - ribose）polymerase 1（PARP1） conjugated to enhanced green fluorescent protein（EGFP）with a Strep Ⅱ peptide tag and assessed various cellular indexes related to cell proliferation（clonogenicity assay），migration（scratch wound healing assay），and reactive oxygen species levels. Results：Panlactylation was significantly upregulated in clinical OC samples，with PARP1 lactylation at K192 being one of the most common modifications. The growth and migration of A2780 cells were markedly suppressed by overexpressing PARP1 - WT but not mutant PARP1. Overexpressing PARP1 significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2（ERK1/ 2）. Conclusion：This study uncovered a novel PTM of PARP1 in OC，lactylation，and demonstrated that lactylation at K192 is crucial in regulating OC cell growth and migration via the ERK1/2 pathway. Further investigations are required to elucidate the broader functional implications of PARP1 lactylation and its therapeutic potential.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the role of circ_0003633 in osimertinib resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods：By performing circRNA sequencing on osimertinib - resistant and sensitive cells，circ_0003633 was identified as significantly highly expressed in the resistant cells. The expression of circ_0003633 was knocked down in osimertinib - resistant cells，and its role in osimertinib - resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells was investigated through CCK - 8 assay，Transwell assay and colony formation assay. RNA pulldown assay，transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to screen downstream target genes and signaling pathways. Results：circ_0003633 was significantly highly expressed in osimertinib - resistant cells. Knockdown of circ_0003633 enhanced the sensitivity of resistant cells to osimertinib. circ_0003633 bound to RNA - binding protein hnRNPA1 and regulated the downstream target gene ALDOC to exert its biological functions. Conclusion：circ_0003633 is highly expressed in osimertinib - resistant cells，binds to hnRNPA1，and regulates the downstream target gene ALDOC，thereby activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote the resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells to osimertinib. It may serve as a potential therapeutic target for reversing drug resistance.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the diagnostic value of DNA methylation levels of the host genes SOX1，JAM3，ZNF671，and DLX1 for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse（CIN2+）in women positive for human papillomavirus（HPV）16/18，and to construct a risk stratification model to optimize cervical cancer screening strategies. Methods：Cervical exfoliated cell samples were collected from HPV16/18-positive women attending the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command between April 2023 and May 2024. DNA methylation levels of the four host genes were measured using bisulfite-converted pyrosequencing. Samples were grouped according to histopathological diagnosis（normal，low - grade histology，high - grade histology，cancer），and intergroup methylation differences were compared. Logistic regression was used to construct a predictive model for CIN2+，and its diagnostic performance was assessed in both training and testing datasets. Results：The methylation levels of all four host genes increased progressively with lesion severity and were significantly higher in the CIN2 + group than in the CIN1- group（P ＜ 0.001），demonstrating high diagnostic specificity. Among them，ZNF671 exhibited the best performance as a single biomarker，with an area under the curve（AUC）of 0.741. The combined model of ZNF671 and SOX1 achieved AUCs of 0.801 and 0.745 in the training and testing sets，respectively，with a specificity up to 87%，outperforming any individual gene. Conclusion：The DNA methylation levels of SOX1，JAM3，ZNF671，and DLX1 are closely associated with the severity of cervical lesions and exhibit potential value for triage. In particular，ZNF671 shows strong predictive performance for CIN2 + in HPV16/18 - positive women，and may serve as an auxiliary biomarker for identifying precancerous lesions. The combined model incorporating SOX1 further improves diagnostic accuracy.

Abstract:Esophageal cancer is a gastrointestinal malignancy with a high incidence and poor prognosis worldwide，with about 40% of cases concentrated in China，and the 5 - year survival rate is less than 20% . Traditional imaging methods exhibit significant limitations in precision diagnosis and treatment. In contrast，PET/CT radiomics -through high -throughput extraction and analysis of tumor morphological，metabolic，and textural features-provides a novel perspective for accurate staging，dynamic therapeutic response monitoring，and individualized prognosis prediction in esophageal cancer. This article systematically reviews the research progress of 18F -FDG PET/CT radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer，discusses its potential -integration with genomics and dosiomics，and looks forward to the future development direction，in order to provide more comprehensive theoretical support for clinical translation.

Abstract:T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia（T-ALL）is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy，accounting for approximately 15% and 25% of all pediatric and adult ALL cases，respectively. In T -ALL，approximately 60% of cases have NOTCH1 mutations. These mutations，caused by truncation of the PEST（a cluster of proline，glutamic acid，serine，and threonine residues）domain or abnormal heterodimerization，lead to impaired degradation or persistent release of the NOTCH intracellular domain（NICD），resulting in aberrant activation of downstream target genes such as MYC. This process synergizes with oncogenic factors like TAL1 and LMO2 to drive leukemogenesis. Among therapeutic strategies targeting NOTCH1，γ - secretase inhibitors have been limited by their broad - spectrum toxicity. However，novel agents such as the PSEN1 - selective inhibitor MRK - 560，NOTCH1 monoclonal antibody（OMP - 52M51），and the small molecule CB - 103 demonstrate precise inhibition of NOTCH1 signaling with reduced toxicity. Additionally， metabolic interventions and epigenetic regulation have shown synergistic potential. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the role of the NOTCH1 signaling pathway in T-ALL，further research is needed to unravel its complexities. This review focuses on the impact of NOTCH1 mutations on T - ALL cells，discusses drugs targeting the NOTCH1 pathway，and explores the association between NOTCH1 signaling and drug resistance.

Abstract:In recent years，cancer immunotherapy，especially immune checkpoint inhibitor（ICI），has made remarkable progress in clinical practice. However，due to the heterogeneity of immune responses among individuals，patients’responses to treatment vary， making the monitoring of treatment efficacy particularly important. In the tumor microenvironment，the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte（CTL）is a key indicator for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy. Granzyme B（GzmB），a serine protease mainly present in CTLs，is considered as an important biomarker for early prediction of the response to immunotherapy. Molecular imaging probes targeting GzmB can monitor the changes in GzmB expression at tumor sites during immunotherapy，providing a basis for evaluating treatment efficacy. This review summarizes the research progress of various GzmB-targeted molecular probes，and analyzes the structural design，imaging principle of the probes and their application potential in early monitoring of tumor immunotherapy response，aiming to provide reference for the further development and clinical application of GzmB-targeted molecular probes.

Abstract:Objective：This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of nailfold capillaroscopy（NVC）in the diagnosis of patients with connective tissue disease（CTD）associated pulmonary arterial hypertension（PAH）. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on 147 patients with connective tissue disease（CTD）who were hospitalised in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University and underwent NVC from September 2022 to June 2024. According to whether they were combined with pulmonary arterial hypertension（PAH）or not，CTD patients were divided into two groups：CTD - PAH and CTD - nonPAH. Risk factors for PAH in CTD patients were screened by multifactorial logistic regression analysis. A nomogram prediction model was constructed based on this multifactorial logistic regression analysis and the model performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. Results：Among the CTD patients，52（35.4%） were included in the CTD-PAH group. The capillary length was longer in the CTD-PAH group than in the CTD-nonPAH group[262.0 （207.0，308.0）vs. 202.0（160.0，272.0），P ＜ 0.05]，and the pericapillary score was higher than that in the CTD-nonPAH group[2.40 （0.80，3.92）vs. 1.90（0.40，2.80），P ＜ 0.05]. Logistic regression analysis showed that both long capillary length and high pericapillary score increased the risk of PAH occurrence[OR=1.300（95% CI：1.100-1.500），OR=1.268（95%CI：1.025-1.568）]. The area under the ROC curve of the nomogram prediction model amounted to 0.705（95% CI：0.618-0.792，P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion：The findings suggest that nailfold capillary characteristics，including capillary length and pericapillary score，may serve as independent predictors of PAH in patients with CTD. These results provide a new basis for early screening and individualized therapeutic strategies in CTD-PAH patients.

Abstract:Objective：To comparatively explore the value of left ventricular end - diastolic maximal wall thickness（MWT）and anatomical parameters of left ventricular outflow tract（LVOT）for evaluating myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy （HCM）by cardiac magnetic resonance（CMR）and propose a prediction model. Methods：Seventy-seven HCM patients who underwent CMR examination were retrospectively analyzed. CMR data included partial anterior mitral leaflets length and total anterior mitral leaflet length. During end - diastole and end - systole，the diameter of LVOT and the thickness of basal anteroseptum were measured. Additionally，left ventricular end - diastolic MWT was collected and the percentage of late gadolinium enhancement（LGE%）was analyzed. LGE% was used to assess myocardial fibrosis. Seventy percent of the samples selected randomly by statistical software were assigned to the modeling group（n=54）for establishing a prediction model of LGE% through univariate and multivariate analysis. The remaining thirty percent of the samples served as the internal validation group（n=23），and parameters of the echocardiogram of all patients were used as the external validation group to assess the accuracy of the prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted，and the predictive efficiency of the prediction model was determined by calculating the area under the curve. The sensitivity and specificity of the prediction model were also evaluated. Results：In the modeling group，multivariate analysis indicated that MWT was an independent predictor of LGE% with the linear equation LGE%=-10.009+0.832×MWT（r=0.466，P ＜ 0.001），while no anatomical parameters of LVOT were correlated with LGE%. In the external validation group，MWT measured by echocardiogram was highly positively correlated with MWT measured by CMR（r=0.856，P ＜ 0.001）. Additionally，the predicted LGE% values from both internal and external validation groups showed no statistically significant difference from LGE% . The accuracy of predicting LGE% ≥15% was 82.6% with MWT≥30 mm measured by CMR，and 81.7% with MWT≥25 mm measured by echocardiogram， respectively. Conclusion：When evaluating myocardial fibrosis in HCM，MWT has more predictive value than anatomical parameters of LVOT.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the mutation characteristics of 39 short tandem repeat（STR）loci in paternity testing from the Han population in Jiangsu province. Methods：A total of 6 812 paternity testing cases accepted by Forensic Identification Institute in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were collected from January 2019 to December 2024. The GoldenEyeTM DNA Identity System was used to detect mutations in 39 STR loci，and statistical analyses were performed on mutation rates，origin，and steps. Results：Among the 6 812 confirmed paternity testing cases，there were 1 680 trios and 5 132 duos. A total of 214 mutation events were observed，with an overall mutation rate of 2.52%. The highest mutation rate occurred in D12S391（0.329 7%，28/8 492）， followed by Penta E，FGA，D21S11，D18S51，and D3S1358 with mutation rates exceeding 0.20% . Paternal mutations accounted for 189 cases，maternal for 20 cases，and 5 cases were of undetermined origin，with paternal mutations significantly outnumbering maternal ones（P ＜ 0.001）. Among the mutations，203（94.86%）cases were single-step mutation，with 9 cases in two steps，and 2 cases in three steps observed at FGA and D21S11 loci. Conclusion：The STR mutation rate in paternity testing is relatively high（2.52%），showing gender and regional variations，which warrants attention in forensic practice. Our findings provide data support for the STR mutation status from the Han population in Jiangsu province and contribute to improving the accuracy of complex kinship identification.

Abstract:Objective：This study aimed to improve the L5 pedicle screw placement technique by proposing a novel entry point and validating its feasibility and accuracy compared with the traditional Magerl method. Methods：Sixty patients requiring L5 pedicle screw fixation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2020 to December 2023 were enrolled and divided into two groups：the novel group（30 patients）and the traditional Magerl group（30 cases）. Two groups each inserted 60 L5 pedicle screws. Screw placement accuracy was evaluated using the Gertzbein and Robbins classification system. Outcomes including satisfactory rate of screw placement，intraoperative fluoroscopy dose，operative time，blood loss，and postoperative nerve root injury symptoms were compared between the two groups. Results：The novel group demonstrated a significantly higher satisfactory rate（95%）compared to the Magerl group（80%，P=0.013）. No significant intergroup differences were observed in operative time，intraoperative blood loss， fluoroscopy exposure dose（P ＞ 0.05）. No neurological complications occurred in either group. Conclusion：The novel L5 entry point significantly improved screw placement accuracy without increasing surgical risks，demonstrating potential for clinical application.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the value of neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin（NGAL）and reticulocyte percentage （Ret%）in the differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury（AKI）and chronic kidney disease（CKD）. Methods：A total of 437 patients with nephropathy admitted to the Department of Nephrology of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from July 2016 to January 2020 were included. In this retrospective cohort study，patients were divided into AKI group（n=140）and CKD group （n=297）. After adjusting for intergroup confounding factors using propensity score matching（PSM），the differences in urinary NGAL/ serum NGAL（u/sNGAL）and Ret% were compared between the two groups. After stratifying renal function based on glomerular filtration rate（GFR），the efficacy of u/sNGAL，Ret%，and their product（u/sNGAL × Ret%）in differentiating AKI from CKD was evaluated. Results：The level of u/sNGAL ×Ret% in AKI group was significantly higher than that in CKD group[1.74（0.81，4.17）vs. 0.28（0.15，0.55），P ＜ 0.001]. Propensity-matched analysis included 46 patients in each group. After 1∶1 propensity score matching （46 cases in each group），the Ret%，u/sNGAL，and u/sNGAL×Ret% in the matched AKI group were significantly higher than those in the matched CKD group[1.75（1.26，2.53）vs. 1.37（1.16，1.83），P=0.027；0.64（0.33，1.52）vs. 0.31（0.13，0.76），P=0.006；and 1.27 （0.59，3.31）vs. 0.46（0.25，1.53），P=0.001]. In the entire patient population，the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve analysis indicated that Ret%，u/sNGAL and u/sNGAL×Ret% were all effective in differentiating AKI from CKD，with areas under the curve（AUC）of 0.701，0.848 and 0.870，respectively. The subgroup analysis stratified by renal function showed that in all subgroups， u/sNGAL×Ret% was significantly elevated in the AKI group（P ＜ 0.01）. In the subgroup analysis of patients with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/（min· 1.73 m² ），both u/sNGAL×Ret% and Ret% were effective in differentiating AKI from CKD. However ，in the subgroup analysis of patients with eGFR ＜ 60 mL/（min·1.73 m² ），u/sNGAL×Ret% was significantly better than Ret% in differentiating AKI from CKD（P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion：u/sNGAL ×Ret% shows a good value in the differential diagnosis of AKI and CKD，especially in patients with impaired renal function，and could be used as a reliable index for clinical diagnosis.

Abstract:Objective：To screen specimens with high qPCR positive rates based on hematoxylin and eosin（HE）histopathological characteristics for the rapid，accurate，and economical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and CT findings of 189 patients with pulmonary granulomatous disease. Formalin - fixed paraffin - embedded（FFPE）specimens were initially screened by HE staining，followed by Ziehl -Neelsen（Z -N）staining and qPCR assay for further verification. Results：Based on CT findings，189 specimens were divided into two groups：the peripheral nodular group predominantly showed hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy（87/149，58.4%），lobulation sign（66/149，44.3%），and spiculation sign （63/149，42.3%）；and the central occupancy group mainly exhibited bronchial obstruction（31/40，77.5%）and atelectasis（29/40， 72.5%）. These findings were often indistinguishable from neoplastic lesions，leading to delayed diagnoses. HE staining results from 95 confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis specimens revealed that the percentage of necrotic area ≥25%（χ² =41.649，P ＜ 0.001）and the maximum diameter of granulomas ≥8 mm（χ² =8.071，P=0.004）were correlated with qPCR positivity. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage of necrotic area and the maximum diameter of granulomas in pulmonary tuberculosis were independent predictors of qPCR positivity（OR=1.324，95%CI：1.202-1.460，P ＜ 0.001；OR=0.265，95%CI：0.164-0.429，P ＜ 0.001）.In FFPE specimens of pulmonary tuberculosis，the area under the curve，sensitivity，and specificity of the necrotic area percentage for qPCR positive results were 0.794，78.2% and 78.9%，while for the maximum diameter of granulomas were 0.600，88.5%，and 43.7%， respectively. Conclusion：When CT findings of peripheral nodules show hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy，lobulation sign，and spiculation sign，they are more likely to delay diagnosis of granulomatous diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis. The measurement of necrotic area and the maximum diameter of granulomas can improve the sensitivity of qPCR detection. Preliminary screening with HE staining to select high-quality specimens for testing can enhance the accuracy of tuberculosis diagnosis.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze factorsinfluencing hepatic steatosis and explore the relationship between the arterial sclerosis index（AI）and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）.Methods：This study was a secondary analysis based on the public data of a cross - sectional study conducted at the Medical Health Examination Center of Kurosawa Memorial Hospital in Japan，involving 856 participants aged 24 to 84 years. The participants were divided into the NAFLD group（n=209）and the non -NAFLD group（n=647） according to whether they had NAFLD. The differences in clinical general data，laboratory indicators，AI values，and the detection rate of arterial sclerosis between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the related factors of NAFLD，and a regression model was constructed to assess the correlation between AI and NAFLD. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC）curve was used to test the value of AI as an indicator for risk assessment of NAFLD. Results：There was a statistically significant difference in the gender composition ratio between the NAFLD group and the non -NAFLD group（P ＜ 0.001），with more males in the NAFLD group. Compared with the non -NAFLD group，the NAFLD group had higher levels of body mass index（BMI）， systolic blood pressure（SBP），diastolic blood pressure（DBP），aspartate aminotransferase（AST），alanine aminotransferase（ALT），γglutamyl transferase（GGT），fasting blood glucose，uric acid，triglyceride（TG），total cholesterol（TC），low - density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C），and arterial pulse wave velocity of brachial artery（baPWV）（P ＜ 0.001），lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDLC）（P ＜ 0.001），and less exercise habits（P=0.001）. The AI values and the detection rate of arterial sclerosis in the NAFLD group were higher than those in the non NAFLD group（P ＜ 0.001）. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AI，BMI，AST，fasting blood glucose，and baPWV were positively correlated with NAFLD. After fully adjusting for confounding factors，binary multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AI was positively correlated with NAFLD（OR=1.846，95% CI： 1.541-2.121，P ＜ 0.001），and the population in the highest AI group showed a significantly higher tendency of NAFLD compared to the lowest group（OR=6.169，95% CI：3.006- 12.661，P ＜ 0.001）. In the generalized additive model，there is a direct linear relationship between AI and NAFLD（log-likelihood ratio test，P=0.949）. The area under the ROC curve of AI is 0.775（95% CI：0.739- 0.811，P ＜ 0.001），which is higher than that of baPWV and traditional lipid indicators[baPWV（AUC=0.616，95% CI：0.574-0.659， P ＜ 0.001），TC（AUC=0.576，95% CI：0.532-0.621，P=0.001），TG（AUC=0.735，95% CI：0.696-0.774，P ＜ 0.001），LDL-C（AUC= 0.639，95% CI：0.597-0.681，P ＜ 0.001）]. Conclusion：AI，BMI，AST，fasting blood glucose，and baPWV are independent related factors for NAFLD. Although AI cannot directly serve as a causal indicator for NAFLD，its potential in risk assessment is worthy of attention，especially when combined with imaging examinations，which can help improve the early diagnosis rate of NAFLD.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the association between first-day serum albumin（ALB）levels upon intensive care unit（ICU） admission and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis（AP），and to explore its potential non-linear nature. Methods： This retrospective study analyzed data from 728 adult AP patients admitted to the ICU for the first time from2008 to 2019，sourced from the MIMIC - IV database. First -day ICU ALB levels and relevant clinical data were extracted. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the linear relationshipbetween ALB and in - hospital mortality. Generalized additive models（GAM）and two - piecewise linear regression models were employed to explore non -linear relationships and identify inflection points. Results：After adjusting for multiple confounders，each 1 g/L increase in first - day ICU ALB was associated with a 27% reduction in in - hospital mortality risk（OR=0.73，95% CI：0.59-0.92，P=0.007）. GAM analysis further revealed a significant non-linear relationship between ALB and in-hospital mortality，with an inflection point at 28 g/L. When ALB was≤28 g/L，each 1 g/L increase in ALBwas associated with a 56% significant reduction in mortality risk（OR=0.44，95%CI：0.26-0.73，P=0.001）；however，no statistical significance was observed when ALB ＞ 28 g/L. Conclusion：First-day ICU serum ALB levels in patients with AP demonstrated a significant non-linear negative association with in - hospital mortality. An ALB level of 28 g/L was identified as an important clinical inflection point for distinguishing high-risk patients. Early monitoring and attention to ALB levels are crucial for risk stratification and clinical decisionmaking in AP patients

Abstract:Chronic diseases have become the“top killers”of human health，with their incidence and absolute death numbers continuously rising，posing a significant challenge to prevention and control. Insulin resistance（IR），a core pathological driver of chronic diseases，disrupts glucolipid metabolism. The triglyceride-glucose（TyG）index quantifies this dysregulation through integrated triglycerides and fasting glucose measurements，providing significant predictive value for cardiovascular risks and adverse events. This paper summarizes the latest research on the associations between the TyG index，its related derivatives（such as long -term dynamic changes in the TyG index and TyG combined with anthropometric measures），and mortality risk from major chronic diseases，including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，cancers，and respiratory diseases. It specifically focuses on evaluating the predictive value of these indices across diverse populations and for specific causes of death. This review aims to provide a scientific basis for risk assessment and early identification of high-risk individuals for chronic diseases，and to promote the further application of TyG-related biomarkers in the field of disease prognosis prediction.

Abstract:Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a severe central nervous system disorder with a high rate of disability and mortality. It is typically caused by traumatic vertebral burst fractures，resulting from incidents such as traffic accidents，falls from a height，or slips. After injury，patients often experience loss of motor and sensory functions，along with various complications，including respiratory dysfunction，cardiovascular disorders，pathological pain，muscle spasms，neurogenic bladder，and gastrointestinal dysfunction. These complications not only cause significant physical and psychological distress but also severely impair patients’quality of life and longterm prognosis. Early surgical intervention may partially salvage neural function，while rehabilitation training is also the essential therapeutic approach. The management of complications requires close collaboration among multidisciplinary teams. Effective preventive and therapeutic measures can significantly alleviate pain of patients and prolong survival. This review summarizes the latest research progress on early complications of SCI，aiming to provide references for clinicians to optimize treatment plans and improve the quality of life for patients.

Abstract:Human metapneumovirus（hMPV）belongs to the genus Metapneumovirus of the family Pneumoviridae. It was first discovered in the Netherlands in 2001. hMPV can cause repeated infections in infants，the elderly and immunocompromised population，which is one of the major pathogens causing severe acute lower respiratory tract infections. hMPV has spread across the world，becoming a serious public health and financial burden. Vaccination is supposed to be one of the most important approaches to prevent the hMPV infection and transmission as well as to reduce the severeness of symptoms. Up to now，there is no approved hMPV preventive vaccine，and most clinical treatments are limited to symptomatic reduction. In recent years，significant progress has been made in the research on hMPV vaccines. Many vaccines have entered the clinical research stage，and there are also numerous studies in the preclinical stage. This review discusses the virological characteristics，epidemiological features and molecular mechanisms of the hMPV infection of host cells，introduces the latest clinical development of hMPV vaccines，and presents the preclinical research and development of the hMPV vaccine from the perspective of different technical strategies，hopefully providing references to accelerate the hMPV vaccine development.

Abstract: