Recommended articles

1 Research progress on bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation

QIAO Yetian , LI Xiaoshan , WU Bo

2026(2):299-308. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250853

[Abstract](16) [HTML](16) [PDF 7.48 M](31)

Abstract:
Lung transplantation（LTx）is an effective treatment for end-stage lung disease，significantly prolonging patient survival and improving quality of life. However，bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome（BOS），which represents a frequent manifestation of chronic rejection following LTx，significantly compromises long - term patient survival. Consequently，early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are crucial for improving prognosis，while exploration of individualized therapeutic strategies is needed to optimize clinical management. This review comprehensively examines the clinical manifestations，diagnostic approaches，pathogenesis，risk factors，therapeutic strategies，and prognostic characteristics of BOS，aiming to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical management and future research directions.

2 Research progress on the epigenetic regulation of macrophage function by KDM6B

WANG Haiyan , XU Jingwen , JIA Lizhou

2026(2):289-298. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251040

[Abstract](13) [HTML](13) [PDF 599.40 K](22)

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Lysine-specific demethylase 6B（KDM6B）is an important epigenetic factor in the Jumonji C domain-containing protein family（JmjC）. It not only plays an epigenetic role in cell differentiation，inflammatory response，tissue homeostasis，and neurological diseases，but also plays an important role in macrophage function and immune response. KDM6B is the sole member of the JmjC family that can respond to Toll-like receptor（TLR）signals. It is activated under the stimulation of TLR signals and thereby fulfills its function. Studies have found that KDM6B can affect macrophages by regulating the polarization of macrophages，affecting the expression of cytokines and participating in the regulation of tumor microenvironment. Therefore，KDM6B plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes such as immune response，inflammatory response，and tumor. As a key epigenetic factor，KDM6B regulates the functions of macrophages，including the polarization，inflammatory response，and pro-fibrotic activities of macrophages，and is expected to become a potential target for the study of immune，inflammatory，and tumor-related diseases.

GAN Chenyun , WANG Xiaodong

2026(2):280-288. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251214

[Abstract](11) [HTML](19) [PDF 2.33 M](23)

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Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise have their own focuses in improving muscle mass，cardiopulmonary function，neurocognition，and endocrine metabolism，etc. However，their effects are not uniform，but are significantly modulated by age. Based on a review of the characteristics of the effects of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on the body，this paper focuses on exploring the age heterogeneity of the effects of exercise on the skeletal muscle system，cardiovascular system，nervous system and endocrine metabolism system in the elderly and young groups，systematically integrating the evidence of the interaction between exercise and age，and analyzing its potential mechanisms. Compared to younger individuals，aging leads to functional decline and metabolic alterations in the above mentioned systems. Consequently，older adults exhibit distinct characteristics in their physiological responses，adaptive capacity，and degree of benefit from exercise. Examples include attenuated post -exercise muscle protein synthesis，more pronounced cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects，and diminished recovery capacity. Therefore，when designing safe and effective exercise regimens for the elderly，it is essential to consider age - specific factors and judiciously select the exercise modality，intensity，and duration.

4 Analysis and comparison of the incidence trends of four types of hepatitis between Jiangsu Province and the whole nation from 2004 to 2022

QU Huairong , BAO Tienan , WU Jing , DING Yong

2026(2):221-230,240. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250577

[Abstract](15) [HTML](13) [PDF 723.83 K](24)

Abstract:
Objective：To analyze and compare the trends in the incidence of four types of hepatitis between Jiangsu province and the whole nation，reveal the regional characteristics and current status of hepatitis incidence in Jiangsu province，and provide a reference for hepatitis prevention and control efforts in Jiangsu province and the whole nation. Methods：Descriptive epidemiological methods，average annual percent change and spatiotemporal scan statistical methods were used to analyze and compare the incidence data of four types of hepatitis（hepatitis A，B，C and E）in Jiangsu province and the whole nation from 2004 to 2022. Results：The average incidence rates（1/100 000）of four types of hepatitis in Jiangsu province and nationwide from 2004 to 2022 were 1.55 and 2.72for hepatitis A，18.70 and 75.24 for hepatitis B，3.50 and 11.85 for hepatitis C，and 3.80 and 1.77 for hepatitis E，respectively. The change trend of incidence rate in recent years is as follows：nationwide，hepatitis A remained a stable trend（2012-2022，P>0.10），hepatitis B remained a stable trend（2014-2022，P>0.50），hepatitis C displayed a downward trend（2019-2022，P<0.001），andhepatitis E remained a stable trend（2013-2022，P>0.50）；In Jiangsu province，hepatitis A remained a stable trend（2013-2022，P>0.20），hepatitis B showed an upward trend（2012-2022，P<0.05），hepatitis C showed an upward trend（2004-2022，P<0.001），and hepatitis E demonstrated a declining trend（2011-2022，P<0.001）. Spatiotemporal scan statistical analysis revealed that three low-incidence clusters for hepatitis A nationwide all included Jiangsu province，one of three low - incidence clusters for hepatitis B nationwide included Jiangsu province，two of four low-incidence clusters for hepatitis C in nationwide included Jiangsu province，and three high-incidence clusters for hepatitis E in nationwide all included Jiangsu province. Conclusion：From 2004 to 2022，nationwide，hepatitis B had the highest average incidence rate，followed by hepatitis C，hepatitis A，and hepatitis E，respectively. In Jiangsu province，hepatitis B also had the highest average incidence rate，followed by hepatitis E，hepatitis C，and hepatitis A respectively. The average incidence rates of hepatitis A，B，and C in Jiangsu province were lower than the national average，while the average incidence rate of hepatitis E was higher than the national average. The focus of the national hepatitis prevention and control strategy should be on reducing the incidence rate of hepatitis B and shifting the stable trends of hepatitis A（2012- 2022）and hepatitis E（2013- 2022）incidence rates to a declining trend. The focus of hepatitis prevention and control strategy in Jiangsu province should be on reducing the incidence rates of hepatitis B and hepatitis E，as well as reversing the upward trend of hepatitis C（2004-2022）incidence and the stable trend of hepatitis A（2013-2022）incidence to a declining trend.

5 Comparative analysis of sex-specific exosomal proteomes and miRNA profiles：human embryonic stem cells versus human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells

HUANG Beibei , NING Song , WU Huimin , QIN Lianju , DIAO Feiyang

2026(2):188-201. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250918

[Abstract](15) [HTML](15) [PDF 43.42 M](27)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate proteomic and transcriptomic differences between exosomes derived from sex-specific human embryonic stem cells（hESC - exo）and human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells（hAMSC - exo）at the molecular level. Methods：A defined cell culture system optimized for exosome research was established. High - quality exosomes were isolated via ultracentrifugation from male and female lines of hESCs and hAMSCs. Proteomic characterization was performed using liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry（LC - MS/MS），while microRNA（miRNA）profiles were determined by high -throughput sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis subsequently identified key biological processes and pathways regulated by the exosomes. Results：At both proteomic and transcriptomic levels，exosomes derived from male and female hAMSCs exhibited similar molecular profiles，whereas those originating from male and female hESCs showed significant sex - based differences. Integrated miRNA profiling and proteomic analysis revealed that hESC-exo were primarily associated with developmental and metabolic processes，while hAMSC-exo predominantly participated in immune and metabolic functions. Conclusion：Through systematic proteomic and miRNA sequencing analyses of sex-specific exosomes derived from hAMSCs and hESCs，this study predicted their biological functions and revealed theirpotential applications across multiple domains. These findings provide novel perspectives for selecting optimal cell sources in preclinical and clinical trials.

6 Research progress on the impact of environmental pollutants on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology pregnancies

SHAO Yueyue , SHI Zhonghua

2026(1):130-142. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250831

[Abstract](107) [HTML](65) [PDF 1000.93 K](318)

Abstract:
The negative impact of environmental pollutants on human health has been widely confirmed. However，there remains controversy both domestically and internationally regarding the effects of air pollution and endocrine disrupting chemicals（EDCs）on the pregnancy outcomes of assisted reproductive technology（ART）. This paper intends to synthesize the latest research progress to explore the impact of major environmental pollutants on ART outcomes and existing problems，so as to provide guidance for couples of childbearing age，thereby increasing the success rate of conception，reducing the adverse risks related to environmental pollution，and improving pregnancy outcomes

7 Genetic correlation analysis between depression and gastroesophageal reflux disease related phenotypes

SHAO Yanting , XU Tingting

2026(1):112-122. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250350

[Abstract](79) [HTML](60) [PDF 2.42 M](302)

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Objective：Studies have shown that there is a significant correlation between depression and gastroesophageal reflux disease（GERD），but the causal relationship between the two and the direction of correlation are not clear. This study aims to explore the bidirectional causal inference between depression and GERD as well as its subtypes and the underlying mechanism of the disease from the genetic level. Methods：Based on the aggregated data of the genome -wide association study（GWAS）of depression，GERD， reflux esophagitis（RE）and non -erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease（NERD），Mendelian randomization was used to explore the independent causal relationship between depression and GERD，RE and NERD. Multiple omics data，such as GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci（eQTL），were integrated to explore the potential pathogenic genes of depression，GERD and its subtypes by summary-data-based Mendelian randomization（SMR）and functional mapping and annotation（FUMA）methods. The potential mechanism of depression affecting GERD and its subtypes was evaluated by enrichment analysis. Results：Depression increased the risk of GERD and NERD，but not RE. GERD，RE，and NERD did not increase the risk of depression. Through SMR and FUMA analysis，the potential susceptibility gene for depression was identified as RPL31P12，and the potential susceptibility gene for GERD was identified as NCSTN. The NERD potential susceptibility gene was SPATS2L. Depression and GERD gene common loci were mainly enriched in T cell receptor signaling pathway，DNA-binding transcription factor activity，and RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcriptional regulation region sequence-specific DNA binding. The depression and NERD gene common loci were mainly enriched in nucleosome assembly，protein and complex subunit assembly，and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion：Depression may increase the risk of GERD and NERD，and the underlying mechanism may play a role through brain-gut axis，neuroimmune pathway， DNA and RNA transcription and regulation，protein metabolism，etc.

8 Mechanistic dissection of aberrant splicing patterns induced by intronic variants in consensus regions of the F9 gene splice sites

MA Jin , SHEN Yan , SHEN Guomin , GAO Meng

2026(1):55-67. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250277

[Abstract](68) [HTML](69) [PDF 1.50 M](302)

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Objective：To identify key splicing regulatory sites within introns of the F9 gene（the causative gene for hemophilia B） through the characterization of splice site consensus motifs and systematic screening for pathogenic variants in these regions. Methods： Based on the variations documented in the Factor Ⅸ Variant Database，we primarily focused on intronic variations that may influence pre-mRNA splicing. These variations were filtered through a comparative analysis based on sequence conservation and were associated with the severity of the disease. Variations located within highly conserved loci that were linked to severe hemophilia were selected as target variations and subjected to subsequent splicing predictions using three independent tools separately. The prediction results were then validated through minigene splicing assays，and specific splicing patterns were further investigated using denaturing capillary electrophoresis. For those in - frame aberrant splicing products，we assessed protein expression，protein secretion，and in vitro coagulation activity by Western blot and activated partial thromboplastin time. Results：We identified 15 variants located near the splicing site of exon 4 in the F9 gene as target variants through sequence and variant analysis. Minigene splicing assay confirmed that 14 of these variants could lead to abnormal splicing. In comparison with the bioinformatic prediction results，we further established that computational predictions exhibited limitations and could not accurately predict specific splicing patterns or their proportions. The classic GT-AG splice site on the intron was confirmed to be conserved. Additionally，we observed that +5G at the donor end facilitated correct recognition of the splicing site，whereas the relatively conserved +7A did not play a significant regulatory role in this recognition process. Furthermore，deep intronic variants mimicking the classic splice donor“AG”motif caused misalignment of splice site recognition，significantly increasing the proportion of abnormal splicing. Results from protein expression and activity analyses indicated notable differences in antigen synthesis and in vitro coagulation activity status between the two abnormal splicing variants of p.D93-G125delinsG and p.G94-D131del and those of the wild-type FⅨ（P ＜ 0.01）. Conclusion：The splice site（GT-AG）is pivotal in determining precise splicing. The less conserved +5G at the consensus region of the splice donor site in the intron 4 of the F9 gene also has a regulatory effect on splicing. Summarizing the differences in splice patterns caused by diverse variations can provide a solid theoretical basis for big data analysis and improve the accuracy of bioinformatics predictions.

9 Research progress on early diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on cfDNA multiomics models

YANG Mingzhe , CHEN Renjie

2026(1):21-30. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251049

[Abstract](81) [HTML](86) [PDF 953.64 K](299)

Abstract:
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas（HNSCC）rank as the sixth most common cancer globally，with early diagnosis challenging due to subtle symptoms and the absence of specific biomarkers. With the development of liquid biopsy technology， circulating free DNA（cfDNA），as its core test object，has the advantages of non -invasive，dynamic monitoring and reflecting tumor characteristics，and shows promising applications in early screening，prognostic assessment and efficacy monitoring of HNSCC. However，existing single -omics studies are still limited by low sensitivity and tumor heterogeneity. Multi -omics integration strategies combining genomic，transcriptomic，epigenomic，and proteomic information can significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and reveal disease molecular mechanisms. In recent years，as deep learning and machine learning technologies have been widely applied to analyze multi-omics data of cfDNA，promoting relevant marker screening and model construction. Existing research indicates that multiomics models based on cfDNA hold promise for improving early diagnosis of HNSCC and offer new directions for precision medicine development.

10 THBS2 secretion by cancer ⁃associated fibroblasts drives macrophage M2 polarization via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote colorectal cancer progression

XU Jia , LI Mengqi , YUAN Xiaoqin

2026(1):1-13. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250405

[Abstract](158) [HTML](99) [PDF 1.94 M](366)

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Objective：To investigate the effect and mechanism of cancer-associated fibroblast（CAF）in promoting M2 polarization of macrophages by secreting thrombospondin -2（THBS2）. Methods：The expression and clinical significance of THBS2 in colorectal adenocarcinoma were analyzed using the TCGA database. The cellular origin of THBS2 was identified through the TISCH2 single-cell database combined with multiplex immunohistochemical staining，and its association with immune infiltration was assessed using TIMER2.0. Western blot，ELISA，and primary CAF models were utilized to validate THBS2 secretion. The regulation of THBS2 on macrophage polarization，migration，and signaling pathways was evaluated by qRT - PCR，transwell assays，and PI3K/AKT pathway analysis. Results：THBS2 expression was significantly elevated in colorectal cancer tissues and closely correlated with advanced TNM stages and poor prognosisofpatients. Single-cell sequencing and experiments confirmed that THBS2 is specifically derived from CAFs and most strongly associated with M2 macrophage infiltration. Functional experiments demonstrated that CAF - conditioned medium upregulated M2 markers interleukin（IL）- 10，macrophage mannose receptor（MMR），CD206，arginase - 1（ARG1）and enhanced macrophage migratory capacity. Recombinant THBS2 promoted p-PI3K/p-AKT phosphorylation levelsin macrophages compared to the IL - 4 group，augmenting M2 polarization. THBS2 knockdown significantly inhibited these pro - migratory and polarization effects. Conclusion：CAF-derived THBS2 may drive macrophage M2 polarization and migration by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway，thereby remodeling the colorectal cancer immune microenvironment and driving malignant progression，which provides experimental evidence for immunotherapy strategies targeting the CAF-THBS2 axis in colorectal cancer.

11 The mechanisms of non ⁃ suicidal self ⁃ injury in adolescents with depressive disorders and progresses of intervention

WU Tao , XING Haoran , BAO Tianhao

2025, 45(12):1823-1833. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250771

[Abstract](71) [HTML](54) [PDF 574.10 K](426)

Abstract:
Depressive disorders have become one of the most common and significantly harmful psychological conditions among adolescents. The incidence of nonsuicidal self -injury（NSSI）in adolescents with depressive disorders is on the rise，posing a severe challenge to their physical and mental health. Previous studies have indicated that the mechanisms underlying adolescent depressive disorders and NSSI are complex，involving the interplay of multiple factors，including neurotransmitter levels，hormonal changes， immune -inflammatory responses，genetic susceptibility，and psychosocial influences. NSSI is not only an important manifestation of risky behavior in patients with depressive disorders but also closely related to suicide risk. Current treatments for adolescent depressive disorders and NSSI are primarily centered on psychotherapy，with multimodal interventions，including pharmacotherapy and physical treatments，as adjuncts. Different intervention approaches have shown certain differences in improving NSSI behaviors and prognosis. This article reviews the relevant epidemiology，pathophysiological mechanisms，and risk factors，and systematically summarizes the major research advances and clinical intervention strategies for adolescent depressive disorders with NSSI in recent years，aiming to provide theoretical references for further optimizing treatment models and improving patients’prognosis and quality of life.

12 Construction of a risk prediction model for malnutrition in elderly diabetic patients with cognitive frailty

ZOU Rong , YU Peiwen , TAN Ping , HU Yifang , DING Guoxian , TONG Qiangwei

2025, 45(12):1784-1791. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250659

[Abstract](49) [HTML](34) [PDF 1.58 M](427)

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Objective：To conduct an in-depth analysis of the key factors influe-ncing the risk of malnutrition in elderly diabetic patients with cognitive frailty（CF）and to construct an accurate risk prediction nomogram model based on these factors. Methods：A cross-sectional study design was adopted，enrolling 124 elderly diabetic patients with CF. The patients’frailty，cognitive function， psychological state and risk of malnutrition were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors for malnutrition risk，and the R language was used to construct the prediction model and draw the nomogram. Model validation was carried out by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis，Hosmer-Lemeshow test and concordance index evaluation，and calibration curve drawing. Results：The malnut-rition risk rate among the 124 elderly diabetic patients with CF was 67.7%（84/124）. These 84 patients were assigned to the malnutrition risk group，and the remaining 40 were assigned to the well-nourished group. Age， marital status，body mass index（BMI），geriatric depression scale（GDS）score，albumin，and prealbumin levels were identified as independent predictors of malnutrition risk in elderly diabetic patients with CF（all P ＜ 0.05）. The nomogram model constructed based on these influencing factors had a C-index of 0.781（95% CI：0.695-0.867）. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated a good fit for the nomogram model. Decision curve analysis showed that when the threshold probability ranged from 0.10 to 0.67，the net benefit rate of using this nomogram model to predict malnutrition risk in elderly diabetic patients with CF was 0.46-0.60. Conclusion：In elderly diabetic patients with CF，age，marital status，BMI，GDS score，albumin，and prealbumin levels are key factors influencing the risk of malnutrition. The established risk prediction model demonstrates moderate predictive performance and good clinical application value for assessing the risk of malnutrition in such patients.

13 Artificial intelligence in the whole process of implant prosthodontics:research progress, application and challenges

ZHAO Juan , LIU Wenli , ZHU Feifan , TUMAER Sailihan , ZHOU Yutao , DUAN Xiangyao , YAO Yi , YU Jiongmin , ADIL Maimaitituerxun , ZHANG Weifang

2025(12):1709-1718. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250650

[Abstract](317) [HTML](69) [PDF 510.18 K](372)

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Artificial intelligence（AI）is the“fourth industrial revolution”of human society，and dental implants have become the “third set of teeth”for humans. The 21st century is an era of digitization and AI，characterized by the deep integration and robust rise of AI in various fields of society. Implant prosthodontics is also rapidly developing towards high efficiency，precision，minimally invasive， and biomimetic direction with the assistance and acceleration of AI. In the future，AI will change the practice mode of implant prosthodontics and bring it to an extraordinary level. This article aims to review the research progress and application status of AI in various aspects of oral implant prosthodontics，and to make prospects for the shortcomings and future challenges.

14 Application of“rigid registration”and“nonrigid registration”in digital stomatology threedimensional point cloud data

WEN Aonan , ZHAO Yijiao , WANG Yong

2025(12):1698-1708. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250638

[Abstract](292) [HTML](25) [PDF 472.36 K](350)

Abstract:
With the development of digital technology，three-dimensional（3D）point cloud data is becoming more and more widely used in oral clinical digital diagnosis and treatment，involving many aspects such as 3D morphological comparison analysis，virtual patient construction，and defect morphological reconstruction. At present，"rigid registration" and "non-rigid registration" technologies have played important roles in the clinical application of oral 3D point cloud data. The similarities and differences between the two technologies and the algorithm principles behind them are worth in-depth discussion and exploration，so that they can better serve the clinical practice and scientific research of stomatology. The author’s team has a certain working basis for the application and research of“rigid registration”and“non - rigid registration”technologies. This article will explain the concepts，algorithm principles and their application in the field of stomatology，and summarize and prospect them to provide reference for the application of oral clinical and scientific research to the two technologies.

15 Accuracy comparison of 3 complete arch implant impression techniques in 2 different intraoral scanners

YANG Shengtao , YE Liangyu , ZHANG Chenyi , YUE Li , YUAN Quan

2025(12):1689-1697. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250036

[Abstract](432) [HTML](51) [PDF 20.87 M](523)

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Objective：To compare the accuracy of three intraoral scanner-based complete arch implant impression techniques using TRIOS 3 and Aoralscan 3 intraoral scanners. Methods：A standard edentulous maxillary implant model with 6 screw-retained abutmentlevel scan bodies was constructed. The scan bodies were numbered from 1 to 6，from the right molar to the left molar area. A control group was generated by scanning the implant model using a desktop scanner. Three intraoral scanner-based scanning techniques were tested：without any scan aids，with scan aids but without calibration，and with scan aids and perform calibration. The tests were performed on 2 intraoral scanners：TRIOS 3 and Aoralscan 3. Each technique was repeated 10 times on each scanner. Scan bodies in the tested groups were superimposed onto the control group using scan bodies #1 and #2 as references to simulate the single-screw test. For each scan body，the distance between the centers of the screw-retained abutments in the test and control groups was measured to calculate trueness. The distance between the centers of the screw-retained abutments in each pair of scans within each test group was also measured to calculate precision. Trueness and precision of the 3 tested impression techniques were compared. Results：In both tested scanners，the trueness of the scanning group with scan aids（272.32 μm for TRIOS 3；240.00 μm for Aoralscan 3）was higher than that of the group without any scan aids（606.77 μm for TRIOS 3；413.78 μm for Aoralscan 3）（all P ＜ 0.05）. Furthermore，the calibration process further improved trueness（70.51% improvement for TRIOS 3；28.00 % improvement for Aoralscan 3）. For precision，the scanning group with scan aids（75.60 μm for TRIOS 3；69.91 μm for Aoralscan 3）and the group with calibration （74.36 μm for TRIOS 3；79.42 μm for Aoralscan 3）outperformed the group without any scan aids（487.75 μm for TRIOS 3；160.74 μm for Aoralscan 3）（all P ＜ 0.05）. However，there was no statistically significant difference between the scanning group with scan aids and the group with calibration（P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusion：The accuracy of intraoral scanning for full -arch implant impressions can be significantly improved by using scan aids combined with a calibration process.

16 The mechanistic role of GPX4 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and intervention studies using traditional Chinese medicine extracts

MA Xiaoyue , YANG Yufan , CHEN Yongxin

2025, 45(11):1678-1688. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250099

[Abstract](138) [HTML](118) [PDF 5.17 M](1029)

Abstract:
Non - alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）is currently the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide，posing a significant threat to human health；however，its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Research on regulatory cell death has opened new avenues for disease treatment. Among these，ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death，which can be triggered by disturbances in iron metabolism，redox imbalance，and the accumulation of lipid peroxides. Given the liver's critical role in iron storage and lipid metabolism，recent studies have established a close association between ferroptosis and NAFLD. Abnormal lipid accumulation within cells can lead to redox imbalance，which may be a key factor contributing to lipid metabolism disorders. Consequently，inhibiting ferroptosis has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. Glutathione peroxidase 4（GPX4）is a pivotal regulatory protein in ferroptosis，capable of binding glutathione（GSH）to degrade reactive oxygen species（ROS）and hydrogen peroxide，thereby mitigating lipid peroxidation damage. Current research indicates that active components from traditional Chinese medicines，such as astragalus membranaceus，green tea，and coptis，can modulate GPX4 through multiple targets，thereby influencing NAFLD. This review explores the mechanisms by which GPX4 operates within the ferroptosis pathway and identifies herbal extracts that may offer therapeutic benefits for NAFLD through GPX4 regulation.

17 Research progress in improving Alzheimer’s disease by regulating neurovascular units and their markers with traditional Chinese medicine

ZHANG Ming , FENG Xiaodong , PAN Rui

2025, 45(11):1670-1677. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250300

[Abstract](110) [HTML](76) [PDF 2.19 M](786)

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease（AD）is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment，and its pathogenesis is very complex. In recent years，vascular abnormalities such as decreased cerebral blood flow and blood - brain barrier disruption have been found in the early stage of AD，suggesting that vascular factors play an important role in its pathogenesis. As a key structure of brain functional homeostasis，the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit（NVU），including neurons，endothelial cells， pericytes，astrocytes，microglia，and basement membrane，has been considered to be one of the common pathological bases of AD and vascular dementia. Its disorder can lead to cognitive impairment. Traditional Chinese medicine can intervene NVU function through multiple targets and pathways，improve the permeability of blood-brain barrier，reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress，and is expected to become an important means to treat AD. This article elaborates the research progress of NVU and its markers regulated by traditional Chinese medicine in the early diagnosis and treatment of AD.

18 The correlation of FCN2 and MASP1 with prognostic risk stratification in IgA nephropathy

JIANG Yumeng , LU Guoyuan , LI Jianzhong

2025, 45(11):1616-1625. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250491

[Abstract](67) [HTML](38) [PDF 795.56 K](801)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the predictive value of ficolin（FCN）2 and mannose - binding lectin - associated serine protease （MASP）1 in the risk stratification of IgA nephropathy，and to assess their potential application in the Nanjing IgA nephropathy risk stratification system（NJIgAN-RSS）. Methods：A total of 51 patients with primary IgA nephropathy confirmed by renal biopsy and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum levels of FCN2 and MASP1 were measured by enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Based on the NJIgAN - RSS，patients were divided into a low - risk group（RSS 0- 1）and a moderate - high - risk group（RSS 2- 4）. Correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationships between FCN2，MASP1，and various clinical and pathological indicators. Additionally，the predictive value of these biomarkers in the risk stratification of IgA nephropathy was explored. Results： Serum FCN2 levels in patients with IgA nephropathy were significantly elevated compared to those in healthy controls. Furthermore， FCN2 levels exhibited a positive correlation with the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio（UPCR），24 h urine protein excretion（UPE），and endocapillary hypercellularity. Additionally，MASP1 levels demonstrated a positive correlation with UPCR，UPE，and urinary red blood cells. Notably，both eGFR and serum FCN2 were identified as independent predictors for the medium - to - high - risk group in IgA nephropathy. Conclusion：Serum FCN2 possesses a high predictive value for prognostic risk stratification in IgA nephropathy.

19 Research progress on the multifaceted mechanisms of neutrophil extracellular traps in tumor progression

YANG Yan , JIN Chenchen , ZHANG Xu

2025, 45(11):1586-1597. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241134

[Abstract](80) [HTML](62) [PDF 6.81 M](840)

Abstract:
Neutrophil extracellular trap（NET），a reticular structure composed of DNA fibers，histones，and antibacterial proteins released by neutrophils，can trap and eliminate foreign pathogens and play a significant role in the initiation and development of tumors. The formation and release of NET are regulated by various factors from the tumor microenvironment，including signaling molecules released by tumor cells，inflammatory cytokines，oxidative stress，and angiogenesis. In addition，NET interacts with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment，collectively shaping the immune characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and participating in critical biological processes，such as metabolic regulation of tumor cells，tumor metastasis，tumor - related thrombosis，and tumor angiogenesis，all of which impact tumor progression and patient prognosis. This review focuses on the multiple mechanisms of NET in tumor progression，explores the mechanisms of NET in regulating tumor cell proliferation and metastasis，altering tumor microenvironment，and affecting tumor angiogenesis and immune escape，as well as the potential application prospect of NET as biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis，to reveal the significant role of NET in tumor biology and provide a theoretical foundation for future research and clinical application

20 The RNA binding protein RBMS3 inhibits breast cancer proliferation by stabilizing p21 mRNA

DAI Xinyuan , XIA Tian , ZHU Lei , XI Peiwen , WU Jing , DING Qiang , SHI Liang

2025, 45(11):1537-1545. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250837

[Abstract](184) [HTML](162) [PDF 54.11 M](1004)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of RNA binding motif single stranded interacting protein 3 （RBMS3）in the proliferation of breast cancer and its molecular mechanism by regulating the stability of cyclin - dependent kinase inhibitor 1A（CDKN1A，p21）at the post - transcriptional level. Methods：Colony formation and 5 - ethynyl - 2′ - deoxyuridine（EdU） incorporation assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation ability in vitro. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate. Xenograft tumor model in nude mice was established to observe the effect of RBMS3 on tumor growth in vivo. The correlation between RBMS3 and p21 expression was detected by Western blot，quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction，and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore，an actinomycin D assay was performed to verify the effect of RBMS3 on p21 mRNA stability. RNA immunoprecipitation assay，dual-luciferase reporter assay，and rescue experiment were conducted to confirm the direct binding and functional interaction between RBMS3 and p21. Results：Overexpression of RBMS3 inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells and the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice，induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest，and promoted apoptosis. Conversely，knockdown of RBMS3 promoted breast cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore，RBMS3 expression was significantly positively correlated with p21. RBMS3 directly bound to AU - rich elements（ARE）in the 3′ untranslated region（3′ - UTR）of p21 mRNA and enhanced the stability of p21 transcripts. Knockdown of p21 reversed the inhibition in breast cancer cell proliferation induced by RBMS3 overexpression. Conclusion：RBMS3 upregulates p21 expression by directly binding to the ARE in the 3′-UTR of p21 and enhancing its mRNA stability，thereby inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that RBMS3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.

21 Application progress of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of early gastrointestinal cancers

QUE Yuxuan , ZHOU Xiaoying

2025(10):1521-1527. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250672

[Abstract](863) [HTML](95) [PDF 810.07 K](742)

Abstract:
Early gastrointestinal cancer（EGC）has subtle early symptoms and low screening rates，which leads to most patients being diagnosed at the middle or advanced stages，resulting in poor prognoses. Therefore，early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes. In recent years，artificial intelligence（AI）technology has been able to enhance the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of early lesions through high-precision image analysis and data processing，thereby achieving early detection，early diagnosis，and early treatment to improve patient prognoses. However，AI also faces challenges such as insufficient training data，algorithm bias，and uneven development across regions，which need to be addressed in future advancements. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current applications of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of EGC，exploring its advantages，challenges，and future directions to offer valuable references for researchers and clinicians in related fields.

22 Research progress on lactate metabolism in pancreatic cancer

WU Jiayi , ZHU Chunfu , XU Kequn

2025(10):1513-1520. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250572

[Abstract](515) [HTML](101) [PDF 869.19 K](772)

Abstract:
As a key link in tumor metabolic reprogramming，lactate metabolism plays an important role in the occurrence， development and treatment resistance of pancreatic cancer. Beyond being a glycolytic byproduct，lactate functions as a key signaling molecule that regulates tumor proliferation，invasion，immune escape，and drug tolerance. Recent advances have identified lactate dehydrogenase A（LDHA）and monocarboxylate transporters（MCTs）as promising therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. Preclinical studies have shown that targeting lactate metabolism can suppress tumor growth and remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Moreover，lactate-associated biomarkers can also assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Despite these advances，current lactate -targeted therapies are limited by poor specificity，suboptimal safety，and pharmacological instability. This review outlines the mechanistic underpinnings of lactate metabolism in pancreatic cancer，highlights emerging therapeutic targets and strategies，and discusses the potential of integrating lactate-targeted approaches with immunotherapy to improve clinical outcomes.

23 The causal association between Helicobacter pylori and esophageal cancer:a Mendelian randomization study

DU Kaihao , HOU Lichao , DONG Xiaoge , LUO Lanminghui , JIANG Wei , WANG Zhanjin , XUE Weiwei , WANG Zhan

2025(10):1404-1416. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240908

[Abstract](550) [HTML](80) [PDF 2.50 M](779)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the potential causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori（HP）infection and esophageal cancer （EC）. Methods：The analysis incorporated genome-wide association study（GWAS）data with HP infection as the exposure and EC as the outcome. A variety of Mendelian randomization（MR）methods were utilized，including inverse - variance weighted analysis， weighted median，MR - Egger，Simple mode，and Weighted mode to investigate the association between HP and EC. Additionally， Bayesian-weighted MR was introduced and the results were corrected using the false discovery rate（FDR）to enhance precision. The study also involved outlier detection，heterogeneity testing，sensitivity analysis，and pleiotropy assessment，as well as removing single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNP）potentially affected by confounding factors. For results that were particularly contentious，a meta - analysis was performed to provide a broader perspective. Potential reverse causation was assessed using Steiger testing and reverse MR. Furthermore，linkage disequilibrium score regression（LDSC）was utilized to evaluate the genetic correlation between HP and EC. Results：The comprehensive analyses showed that both traditional two -sample MR and Bayesian -weighted MR after FDR correction indicated no statistically significant causal association between HP and EC（P ＞ 0.05）. No pleiotropy was evident（P ＞ 0.05），and the robustness of the results was confirmed by the leave-one-out test. However，genetic correlation analyses of anti-HP IgG serum positivity and HP GroEL antibody levels suggested a potential genetic link with esophageal adenocarcinoma（P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion：Despite the use of advanced statistical methodologies，the current evidence is insufficient to support a definitive causal association between HP and EC. This finding underscores the need for larger-scale GWAS data and more detailed subtype-specific analyses to further explore the association between these two conditions. Future research should include a broader range of populations and geographical areas to enhance the generalizability and applicability of findings，while also investigating the specific impacts of different HP strains and possible biological mechanisms，providing a stronger scientific support for the prevention and treatment of EC.

24 The mechanisms of burdock polysaccharide on Alzheimer’s disease based on Caenorhabditis elegans

PEI Yuqing , SHAO Xindi , ZHU Yujie , CHENG Fei , ZHOU Jiahui , ZHU Xintong , MA Ruiying , CHEN Feifei , SHI Xuan , LI Luna , LI Xinying , XU Chunyu , ZHANG Yitang , ZHOU Siyue , SHEN Li , LI Hualing

2025(10):1395-1403. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250508

[Abstract](725) [HTML](104) [PDF 1.11 M](867)

Abstract:
Objective：This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of burdock polysaccharide on Alzheimer’s disease（AD） using Caenorhabditis elegans（C. elegans）pathology model. Methods：Burdock polysaccharide made in our lab was used at varying concentrations（62.5，125.0，and 250.0 μg/mL）on transgenic C. elegans AD models（CL4176，CL2355，and CL2006 strains）to study the effects on nematode amyloid beta（Aβ）deposition，chemotaxis，5-hydroxytryptamine sensitivity，paralysis，growth and development， locomotor activity，feeding ability. Oxidative stress and cholinergic neuron-related indexes were measured，and the expression levels of related genes in nematodes were examined by RT -PCR. Results：Burdock polysaccharide exhibited multiple biological activities， thus reducing the level and deposition of Aβ protein，reducing 5-hydroxytryptamine sensitivity，strengthening nematode chemotaxis and learning memory，delaying paralysis，promoting development，increasing swing and pharyngeal vibration frequency，increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing acetylcholinesterase（AChE）activity. Meanwhile，it reduced the expression of age-1 and akt-1 genes，enhanced the expression of daf-16 gene，promoted the expression of skn-1，gst-4，sod-1 and sod-2，exert antioxidant effects，and alleviated AD symptoms. Concurrently，it attenuated AD pathology by inhibiting ace -1/ace -2 expression，and reducing AChE activity. Conclusion：Burdock polysaccharide may alleviate and improve AD-related pathological processes by regulating the age-1/akt-1/daf-16 signaling pathway to reduce oxidative stress levels while inhibiting AChE activity.

25 Role and mechanism of Nao Tan Qing in proliferation of neural stem cells in AD mice

WANG Jingze , LI Qianqian , GONG Xuanwei , YANG Yi , HOU Lin , WANG Shukun , YUAN Zengqiang

2025(10):1386-1394. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241326

[Abstract](827) [HTML](57) [PDF 1.14 M](788)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of Nao Tan Qing（NTQ）on neural stem cell（NSC） proliferation in Alzheimer’s disease（AD）mice. Methods：Transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer’s disease（5 × FAD）were randomly assigned to two groups，the AD group treated with ddH2O and AD + NTQ group administered with NTQ by gavage. Immunofluorescence staining，real -time quantitative PCR（RT -qPCR），and Western blot were used to evaluate NSC proliferation in hippocampus. In vitro，embryonic NSCs of C57/BL6J mice were isolated and cultured with PBS or NTQ. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK -8 method and cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the number of sex - determing region of Y chromosome（SOX2）- box transcription factor 2（SOX2）positive，5 - bromo - 2 - deoxy uridine（BrdU）positive， and doublecortin（DCX）positive cells. The mRNA and protein levels of SOX2 and DCX were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The expressions of cyclin D1，p27/Kip1 and GATA2 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The expression level of SOX2 was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot after the in vitro treatment of NSC using cyclin D1-cyclin-dependent kinase（CDK）inhibitor. Results：In the AD+NTQ group，the number of SOX2+ cells in hippocampus significantly increased，with a marked elevation in SOX2 mRNA and protein levels compared with the AD group. In vitro，the diameter of neurospheres treated with NTQ was significantly larger， along with the increased number of BrdU+ ，SOX2 + ，and DCX+ cells. Moreover，SOX2 and DCX mRNA levels，as well as SOX2 protein level，were notably elevated. Mechanistically，the expression of GATA2 and its downstream molecule p27/Kip1 were decreased in the hippocampus of AD+NTQ mice，and the inhibitory effect on cyclin D1 was weakened in NSC proliferation. Addition of cyclin D1-CDK inhibitor attenuated the increase in SOX2 and DCX expression triggered by NTQ. Conclusion：NTQ maintains NSC proliferation and alleviates cognitive deficits in AD mice by modulating the GATA2-p27/Kip1-cyclin D1 signaling pathway.

26 Research progress of granzyme B targeted molecular imaging probes for monitoring immunotherapy response

YANG Jichen , QIU Ling , LIN Jianguo

2025(9):1267-1275. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250417

[Abstract](128) [HTML](183) [PDF 2.69 M](887)

Abstract:
In recent years，cancer immunotherapy，especially immune checkpoint inhibitor（ICI），has made remarkable progress in clinical practice. However，due to the heterogeneity of immune responses among individuals，patients’responses to treatment vary， making the monitoring of treatment efficacy particularly important. In the tumor microenvironment，the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte（CTL）is a key indicator for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy. Granzyme B（GzmB），a serine protease mainly present in CTLs，is considered as an important biomarker for early prediction of the response to immunotherapy. Molecular imaging probes targeting GzmB can monitor the changes in GzmB expression at tumor sites during immunotherapy，providing a basis for evaluating treatment efficacy. This review summarizes the research progress of various GzmB-targeted molecular probes，and analyzes the structural design，imaging principle of the probes and their application potential in early monitoring of tumor immunotherapy response，aiming to provide reference for the further development and clinical application of GzmB-targeted molecular probes.

27 Research advances in the NOTCH1 signaling pathway and T ⁃ cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

CHEN Yizi , WENG Changjian , LU Chao

2025(9):1258-1266. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250487

[Abstract](957) [HTML](157) [PDF 555.81 K](867)

Abstract:
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia（T-ALL）is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy，accounting for approximately 15% and 25% of all pediatric and adult ALL cases，respectively. In T -ALL，approximately 60% of cases have NOTCH1 mutations. These mutations，caused by truncation of the PEST（a cluster of proline，glutamic acid，serine，and threonine residues）domain or abnormal heterodimerization，lead to impaired degradation or persistent release of the NOTCH intracellular domain（NICD），resulting in aberrant activation of downstream target genes such as MYC. This process synergizes with oncogenic factors like TAL1 and LMO2 to drive leukemogenesis. Among therapeutic strategies targeting NOTCH1，γ - secretase inhibitors have been limited by their broad - spectrum toxicity. However，novel agents such as the PSEN1 - selective inhibitor MRK - 560，NOTCH1 monoclonal antibody（OMP - 52M51），and the small molecule CB - 103 demonstrate precise inhibition of NOTCH1 signaling with reduced toxicity. Additionally， metabolic interventions and epigenetic regulation have shown synergistic potential. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the role of the NOTCH1 signaling pathway in T-ALL，further research is needed to unravel its complexities. This review focuses on the impact of NOTCH1 mutations on T - ALL cells，discusses drugs targeting the NOTCH1 pathway，and explores the association between NOTCH1 signaling and drug resistance.

28 PET/CT radiomics:a new perspective in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer

WANG Xuanyan , GU Yingying , TANG Lijun , LI Tiannü

2025(9):1251-1257. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250377

[Abstract](564) [HTML](227) [PDF 414.17 K](812)

Abstract:
Esophageal cancer is a gastrointestinal malignancy with a high incidence and poor prognosis worldwide，with about 40% of cases concentrated in China，and the 5 - year survival rate is less than 20% . Traditional imaging methods exhibit significant limitations in precision diagnosis and treatment. In contrast，PET/CT radiomics -through high -throughput extraction and analysis of tumor morphological，metabolic，and textural features-provides a novel perspective for accurate staging，dynamic therapeutic response monitoring，and individualized prognosis prediction in esophageal cancer. This article systematically reviews the research progress of 18F -FDG PET/CT radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer，discusses its potential -integration with genomics and dosiomics，and looks forward to the future development direction，in order to provide more comprehensive theoretical support for clinical translation.

29 Application of host DNA methylation biomarkers in cervical cancer screening:key contribution of ZNF671 and evaluation of a combined diagnostic model

WANG Yunge , LIU Yunlong , WANG Lingfei , HU Wenjing , ZHOU Guohua , WU Haiping

2025(9):1242-1250. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250520

[Abstract](927) [HTML](156) [PDF 7.01 M](1050)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the diagnostic value of DNA methylation levels of the host genes SOX1，JAM3，ZNF671，and DLX1 for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse（CIN2+）in women positive for human papillomavirus（HPV）16/18，and to construct a risk stratification model to optimize cervical cancer screening strategies. Methods：Cervical exfoliated cell samples were collected from HPV16/18-positive women attending the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command between April 2023 and May 2024. DNA methylation levels of the four host genes were measured using bisulfite-converted pyrosequencing. Samples were grouped according to histopathological diagnosis（normal，low - grade histology，high - grade histology，cancer），and intergroup methylation differences were compared. Logistic regression was used to construct a predictive model for CIN2+，and its diagnostic performance was assessed in both training and testing datasets. Results：The methylation levels of all four host genes increased progressively with lesion severity and were significantly higher in the CIN2 + group than in the CIN1- group（P ＜ 0.001），demonstrating high diagnostic specificity. Among them，ZNF671 exhibited the best performance as a single biomarker，with an area under the curve（AUC）of 0.741. The combined model of ZNF671 and SOX1 achieved AUCs of 0.801 and 0.745 in the training and testing sets，respectively，with a specificity up to 87%，outperforming any individual gene. Conclusion：The DNA methylation levels of SOX1，JAM3，ZNF671，and DLX1 are closely associated with the severity of cervical lesions and exhibit potential value for triage. In particular，ZNF671 shows strong predictive performance for CIN2 + in HPV16/18 - positive women，and may serve as an auxiliary biomarker for identifying precancerous lesions. The combined model incorporating SOX1 further improves diagnostic accuracy.

30 Lactylation of PARP1 at K192 inhibits the migration and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells

SU Ning , CAO Ying , ZHANG Shuping , WU Shaojun , SUN Hongzhan , TANG Xuejun , YUAN Donglan , ZHANG Dong , YANG Lili , YING Xiaoyan

2025(9):1219-1228. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241251

[Abstract](971) [HTML](120) [PDF 25.72 M](1037)

Abstract:
Objective：Ovarian cancer（OC）ranks among the leading causes of mortality among the female cancers worldwide. Numerous studies have explored the development and progression of OC at multiple genetic regulatory levels. However，relatively few studies have explored the impact of post -translational modifications（PTM）on OC progression，which is essential for uncovering new therapeutic targets. This study aimed to systematically identify the key PTM types involved in OCprogression，and to explore and evaluate their translational potential as therapeutic targets. Methods：First，we utilized multiple general PTM antibodies to compare gross PTM levels between normal ovarian and OC tissues from clinical females. After identifying lactylation as the PTM with the most significant differences，we selected representative samples for label-free mass spectrometry to identify specific lactylation sites. Next， we transfected A2780（OC）cells with either wild - type（WT）or mutant（K192A[Q]）poly（ADP - ribose）polymerase 1（PARP1） conjugated to enhanced green fluorescent protein（EGFP）with a Strep Ⅱ peptide tag and assessed various cellular indexes related to cell proliferation（clonogenicity assay），migration（scratch wound healing assay），and reactive oxygen species levels. Results：Panlactylation was significantly upregulated in clinical OC samples，with PARP1 lactylation at K192 being one of the most common modifications. The growth and migration of A2780 cells were markedly suppressed by overexpressing PARP1 - WT but not mutant PARP1. Overexpressing PARP1 significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2（ERK1/ 2）. Conclusion：This study uncovered a novel PTM of PARP1 in OC，lactylation，and demonstrated that lactylation at K192 is crucial in regulating OC cell growth and migration via the ERK1/2 pathway. Further investigations are required to elucidate the broader functional implications of PARP1 lactylation and its therapeutic potential.

31 Research progress on the treatment of triple negative breast cancer based on tumor sonodynamic therapy

HUANG Jiankang , JING Xiangxiang

2025, 45(8):1211-1218. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250413

[Abstract](912) [HTML](289) [PDF 3.37 M](889)

Abstract:
Triple-negative breast cancer（TNBC）is a subtype of breast cancer with negative expression of estrogen receptor（ER）， progesterone receptor（PR）and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2（HER 2），which has extensive tumor heterogeneity at the pathological and molecular levels，and strong invasive and metastatic abilities. Currently，the treatment regimens for TNBC are not satisfactory，and there is a high possibility of recurrence and metastasis after treatment. Sonodynamic therapy（SDT），due to its non - invasiveness and high tissue penetration ability，has been gradually introduced into the research on the treatment of various cancers. This article briefly introduces the basic principle of SDT and the current research progress on the treatment of TNBC based on SDT.

32 Advances in the biological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of alpha⁃fetoprotein⁃ producing gastric cancer

LIU Yuqing , MA Ling , SHU Yongqian

2025, 45(8):1202-1210. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250338

[Abstract](726) [HTML](247) [PDF 501.64 K](959)

Abstract:
The global incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer remain high. China bears a significantly higher disease burden from gastric cancer than the global average，with its mortality ranking third among all malignant tumors in the country. Alpha - fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer（AFPGC）is a special subtype of gastric cancer characterized by abnormally elevated serum alpha- fetoprotein（AFP）levels or positive AFP expression in tumor tissues detected by immunohistochemistry. The incidence of AFPGC in China accounts for approximately 2.3% - 4.6% of gastric cancer cases. Compared with conventional gastric cancer，AFPGC is more prone to distant metastasis，particularly liver metastasis，and has a poorer prognosis. Currently，there are no standardized treatment guidelines for AFPGC，and its management primarily relies on conventional gastric cancer treatment strategies. Research is ongoing to explore the differences between the occurrence and development of this tumor and general gastric cancer，as well as the related clinical features and efficacy of therapy. This article mainly reviews the biological features，clinicopathological characteristics and current treatment explorations of AFPGC in domestic and foreign research.

33 Total saponins of Panax notoginseng attenuate platelet hyperreactivity through down ⁃ regulating CD36 signalling pathway in mice fed a high⁃fat diet

ZHANG Chunmei , HU Jinqiu , BI Xiaoyan , MA Junyu , LI Mengyao , LI Rong , YA Fuli

2025, 45(8):1092-1100. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241340

[Abstract](893) [HTML](174) [PDF 3.22 M](992)

Abstract:
Objective：The current study aims to assess the efficacy of total saponins of Panax notoginseng（PNS）supplementation on platelet hyperreactivity in hyperlipidemic mice as well as to clarify the underlying mechanisms in vivo. Methods：Healthy male C57BL/6J mice（aged 8 weeks）were randomly divided into four groups and fed either a low-fat diet（LFD group），a LFD supplemented with PNS（200 mg/kg diet，LFD+PNS group），a high-fat diet（HFD group），or a HFD supplemented with PNS（200 mg/kg diet，HFD+ PNS group）for 12 weeks. After that all mice were killed，and the plasma and purified platelets were prepared，followed by measurement levels of plasma lipid profile using commercial assay kits. A platelet aggregometer was used to measure maximal aggregation ratio. Platelet activation was determined by flow cytometry and enzyme - linked immunosorbent assays. Real - time PCR technique was used to detect CD36 mRNA expression，and Western blot was used to measure protein expression levels of CD36 and phosphorylation of Src and p47phox. Results：When compared with those in LFD group，the plasma levels of total cholesterol，triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly increased in HFD group，which were greatly decreased by PNS supplementation. Moreover，PNS supplementation favorably attenuated HFD-induced platelet aggregation and activation in response to an agonist thrombin，including inhibiting platelet surface CD62P expression，and platelet factor 4（PF4）and chemokine ligand 5 （CCL5）release，indicating a potent inhibitory effect of PNS on HFD-induced platelet hyperreactivity. Mechanistically，CD36 mRNA and protein expression increased by HFD were significantly down-regulated by PNS supplementation. Moreover，PNS supplementation also greatly attenuated HFD-induced activation of downstream signalling pathways mediated by CD36，including down-regulating Src and p47phox phosphorylation. Furthermore，it is found that platelet surface CD62P expression isolated from LFD mice in response to adenosine diphosphate were increased by adding hyperlipidemic plasma from HFD mice，which was greatly decreased in LFD+PNS group. This significant difference was abolished when pretreated with an anti-CD36 monoclonal antibody FA6-152. Conclusions：PNS supplementation attenuates platelet hyperreactivity in mice fed a high - fat diet possibly through down - regulating CD36 signalling pathway. The current study may provide potential value for PNS to improve thrombosis in hyperlipemia and the related chronic metabolic diseases.

34 Research progress of TRIM protein family in renal disease

TANG Hao , LU Hongcheng , HU Qiang

2025(8):1082-1091. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250338

[Abstract](1073) [HTML](282) [PDF 3.69 M](939)

Abstract:
Among all renal diseases，chronic renal disease and renal cancer are significant threats to global health，with their core pathological mechanisms closely related to renal fibrosis and dysregulation of the tumor microenvironment. In recent years，the tripartite motif（TRIM）protein family has emerged as a new focus in renal disease research due to its critical roles in ubiquitination， immune regulation，and epigenetics. Studies have shown that TRIM proteins are involved in the pathological processes of renal diseases through multiple mechanisms，including the ubiquitin -proteasome system，oxidative stress，related signaling pathways，inflammatory immune regulation，and epigenetics. In terms of therapeutic strategies，gene silencing technologies，small molecule inhibitors，and recombinant proteins targeting TRIM proteins have shown potential. However，challenges such as the functional redundancy of TRIM family proteins，tissue-specific expression differences，and potential immunogenicity have made their clinical application difficult. This article provides a review of the molecular mechanisms of TRIM proteins in renal diseases and their therapeutic potential.

35 Correlation between CKAP4 in urinary extracellular vesicles and clinicopathology and prognosis of diabetic nephropathy

LIU Chang , QIAN Li , LU Fang , WANG Zitao , LI Qing , DUAN Suyan , WU Lin , ZHANG Bo , MAO Huijuan , LIANG Hongwei , YUAN Yanggang , XING Changying

2025(8):1063-1072. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250343

[Abstract](1034) [HTML](192) [PDF 24.76 M](1075)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the ability of the histological expression of the key protein cytoskeleton -associated protein 4 （CKAP4）in urine extracellular vesicles as a biomarker for the progression of diabetic kidney disease（DKD）. Methods：A total of 143 type 2 diabetic patients with biopsy -proven DKD and 10 patients with renal malignant tumors were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The expression of CKAP4 in renal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between CKAP4 expression level and clinical indicators. The area under the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve（AUC）was calculated to assess whether CKAP4 expression could effectively distinguish patients with poor renal prognosis. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the best cut-off value of CKAP4 score for renal events （highest Youden’s index）. Time - dependent AUC analyses were also performed to characterize the predictive accuracy of CKAP4 beyond 6 months after renal biopsy. In addition，hazard ratios between CKAP4 and DKD progression were calculated using by Cox proportional hazards models. The clinicopathological factors with statistical significance（P ＜ 0.05）in univariate analysis were included as covariates in multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis. Kaplan -Meier analysis was used to evaluate the difference in survival beyond 6 months after renal biopsy between CKAP4 high-expression and CKAP4 low-expression groups. Results：Compared with the adjacent normal kidney tissues of tumor patients，the expression of CKAP4 in the kidneys of DKD patients was significantly increased（P ＜ 0.05）. The expression of CKAP4 in renal tissues of DKD patients was different in different stages，and the differences between stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ ，stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅳ ，and stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ were statistically significant（P ＜ 0.05）. The expression level of CKAP4 in DKD patients was positively correlated with serum creatinine，urea nitrogen and 24 h urine protein，while negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate and hemoglobin. During a median follow-up period of 2.22 years， 63 patients（44.06% ）had DKD progression. Pearson correlation analysis showed that CKAP4 increased with the increase of pathological grade of DKD（r=0.808，P ＜ 0.001）. Of note，multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that elevated CKAP4 was associated with an increased risk of DKD progression（HR：4.120，95% CI：1.730- 9.811，P=0.001）. In addition，in Kaplan - Meier survival analysis，patients with high CKAP4 expression had a significantly higher incidence of renal endpoint events than those with low CKAP4 expression（P ＜ 0.001）. At the same time，a nomogram was developed including CKAP4 classification to predict the risk of DKD progression（C - index：0.689）. Conclusion：Our findings suggest that expression of CKAP4，derived from urine extracellular vesicles，is an independent risk factor for disease progression over 6 months after renal biopsy in DKD patients.

36 Application and challenges of transdermal drug delivery system for the treatment of central nervous system diseases

ZHU Senlin , XU Hua’e , QUAN Danyi

2025, 45(7):1007-1016. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNS20250712

[Abstract](951) [HTML](322) [PDF 874.91 K](1016)

Abstract:
The classification of central nervous system diseases is complicated and the harm is serious. Because of the existence of blood -brain barrier（BBB），the treatment of central nervous system diseases has great difficulties in drug delivery. Transdermal drug delivery system（TDDS），as a novel drug delivery system that delivers drugs into the blood circulation through the skin，has played a significant role in the treatment of central nervous system diseases in recent years. Due to its unique advantages of painless and convenient administration，transdermal patch has good patient compliance and therapeutic effect，and significantly reduces the first pass effect and adverse reactions. This paper reviews the application of transdermal patches in the treatment of central nervous system diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and mental diseases，and focuses on the research progress of new technologies such as nanocarriers and microneedle technology in improving the efficiency of drug delivery. However，individual differences and long -term drug safety are still urgent problems to be solved. Future research should focus on the development of novel drug delivery technology and clinical translational application，so as to promote the further development of TDDS in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.

37 Cheese intake and the risk of healthspan terminated:association and metabolic mechanisms

WANG Xiao , WANG Yifan , SUN Longhu , ZHAO Xiaoyu , LIANG Shuang , BU Qingyin , WANG Qian , QIN Na , JIANG Yue , DAI Juncheng

2025, 45(7):991-1000. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250347

[Abstract](822) [HTML](234) [PDF 981.72 K](1049)

Abstract:
Objective：To clarify the association between cheese intake and healthspan，and further explore the underlying metabolic mechanisms. Methods：This study employed a nested case - control design and defined healthspan terminated（HST）based on eight reported sub-events of HST in UK Biobank（UKB）. 93 214 HST participants and 279 642 controls were included. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between cheese intake and HST，and Mendelian randomization（MR）was used to assess the causal effect. Furthermore，we explored the mediating role of metabolites in this relationship by Two - step MR and observational analysis. Results：Cheese intake is a protective factor for healthspan（P_trend ＜ 0.05）. Specifically，participants with high cheese intake （≥5 times/week）had a lower risk of HST（OR=0.93，95% CI：0.89-0.98）compared to those who never intake cheese. MR analysis confirmed this protective effect. Mediation analysis suggested that plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL -C）and glucose mediated 6.33% and 14.82% of this effect，respectively. Conclusion：These findings suggested that cheese intake might improve the healthspan by decreasing plasma glucose and increasing plasma HDL -C. As an important component of healthy diet，cheese intake might be recommended in our daily diet structure.

38 Wnt/PCP pathway and extracellular matrix mechanical signaling regulating CNN2 to promote collective migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

TAO Zifan , LIU Yiwei , WU Xiaofeng , YU Yue

2025, 45(7):936-944. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250286

[Abstract](650) [HTML](230) [PDF 2.35 M](1000)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms in Wnt/PCP signaling pathway and extracellular matrix （ECM）collaboratively regulating calponin-2（CNN2）to drive collective migration in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）cells. Methods： The expression characteristics of CNN2 across various tissues were analyzed by integrating data from The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA）and the Human Protein Atlas（HPA）. Its expression level and prognostic relevance in HCC were further evaluated using tissue microarrays. To investigate the functional role of CNN2 in cell migration，transwell and wound healing assays were performed. Furthermore，shRNA - lentivirus mediated knockdown of Wnt11 and CNN2 was employed to elucidate the regulatory relationship between the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway and CNN2，as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally，rigid substrates was used to mimic the ECM environment，aiming to explore its association with CNN2 expression and the migratory capacity of HCC cells. Results：CNN2 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and was predominantly enriched at the invasive tumor front，suggesting a potential role in the early stages of tumor cell migration. Functional assays further demonstrated that CNN2 significantly promoted collective migration of HCC cells，and its high expression was markedly associated with poor patient prognosis. Mechanistically，CNN2 was regulated by the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway，and its expression was notably upregulated under conditions simulating the mechanical properties of the ECM，indicating a critical role in the cellular perception and response to biomechanical signal. Conclusion：The Wnt/PCP signaling pathway regulates the expression and function of CNN2，while CNN2，as a mediator of mechanical signals，is regulated by ECM mechanical signals. Together，they synergistically drive the collective migration of HCC cells.

39 Research progress of oncolytic viruses in breast cancer treatment

CHEN Zonghao , WU Qiong , CHEN Lei

2025, 45(7):913-924. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250062

[Abstract](702) [HTML](316) [PDF 895.03 K](1102)

Abstract:
Breast cancer（BC），as the most common malignant tumor among women globally，has become a significant public health issue worldwide. Although improvements in early diagnosis and treatment technologies，the therapeutic outcomes remain less than satisfactory. BC，characterized by its high heterogeneity and multiple molecular subtypes，poses a considerable challenge to treatment due to its complex biological properties. Traditional chemotherapy and immunotherapy suffer from issues such as insufficient precision， severe side effects，and the tendency to develop drug resistance，thus highlighting the urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Oncolytic viruses（OV）have emerged as an innovative cancer treatment method. Their uniqueness lies in the ability to precisely identify and attack cancer cells while simultaneously activating the body’s immune system to combat cancer. Currently， various OVs have been applied in cancer therapy，including herpes simplex virus（HSV），newcastle disease virus（NDV），vesicular stomatitis virus（VSV），measles virus（MV），adenovirus（AdV），and vaccinia virus（VV）. Moreover，significant progress has been made in the construction of novel OV and the combination with traditional therapies. This article reviews the research progress of common OV in the field of BC treatment over the past five years，thus affirming the great potential of OV.

40 IGF2BP3 drives the metabolic ⁃ epigenetic crosstalk in triple ⁃ negative breast cancer through m6AEP300 axis⁃mediated lactylation modification

LI Yihan , WANG Ziwen , CHEN Rui , YANG Haiyan , CAI Mengyuan , LI Yixun , WU Kefei , WANG Yuxin , DING Qiang

2025, 45(7):905-912. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250474

[Abstract](1113) [HTML](496) [PDF 1.26 M](1236)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the functional impact of lactate on triple - negative breast cancer（TNBC）malignancy and elucidate an m6A-dependent epigenetic mechanism through which insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3（IGF2BP3） orchestrates metabolic reprogramming via regulation of EP300. Methods：TNBC cells were treated with exogenous sodium lactate supplementation to investigate their oncogenic effects. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed via CCK -8，colony formation， wound healing，and Transwell assays. Stable IGF2BP3-knockdown cell models were established using shRNA lentiviral vectors，with histone lactylation modification levels analyzed by Western blot. RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing（RIP - seq）and m6A - specific methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing（MeRIP-seq）were used to identify IGF2BP3’s m6A target genes，validated by qRT- PCR and Western blot for key molecule expression. Results：Sodium lactate treatment significantly enhanced TNBC cell proliferation and migration，with pan -lactylation levels increasing dose -dependently. IGF2BP3 knockdown reduced histone lactylation. Integrated RIP - seq/MeRIP - seq analysis identified 699 candidate genes whose transcripts bore both IGF2BP3 - specific binding and m6A modifications，significantly enriched in epigenetic regulation and metabolic pathways. IGF2BP3-binding regions on EP300 transcripts overlapped extensively with m6A sites，and EP300 expression was markedly downregulated post - IGF2BP3 knockdown. Conclusion：Exogenous lactate drives TNBC malignant progression by orchestrating pan - lactylation modifications. IGF2BP3 regulates EP300 expression through m6A - dependent mechanisms，mediating the synergistic interplay between histone lactylation and metabolic reprogramming to drive TNBC progression. These findings provide a theoretical basis for novel therapeutic strategies targeting metabolism-epigenetics crosstalk.

41 Research progress on the relationship between intestinal flora and HPV infection and cervical lesions

CHEN Shuai , ZHANG Ying , ZHANG Lina

2025, 45(6):883-890. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250264

[Abstract](818) [HTML](210) [PDF 2.61 M](988)

Abstract:
Persistent high-risk human papilloma virus（HPV）infection is the main cause of cervical lesions. Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy among women globally，posing a severe threat to women’s health and lives. Intestinal flora can have anti - tumor effects through immunomodulation，inflammatory response，and metabolite synthesis，according to numerous research conducted in recent years. Research on the relationship between intestinal flora and cervical cancer has revealed notable variations in the diversity and composition of intestinal flora between patients with the disease and healthy controls. These findings have also raised the possibility that certain intestinal flora may serve as biomarkers for cervical cancer prevention and early detection. Furthermore， through the estrogen-mediated“gut-vaginal axis”，intestinal flora can interact with the vaginal microbiome，thereby affecting vaginal microecology，HPV infection，and cervical lesions. However，existing studies are mainly based on cross-sectional analyses with small sample sizes and a lack of longitudinal studies and experimental evidence. More thorough research is still required to elucidate the precise linkages and mechanisms of action. The article reviews the research progress on the relationship between intestinal flora and HPV infection and cervical lesions by summarizing the existing research results.

42 Comparative performance of multimodal imaging for the assessment of lesion extent of breast ductal carcinoma in situ

QU Ying , HUANG Yue , LI Minghui , SUN Chang , WANG Shui

2025, 45(6):798-809. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250208

[Abstract](658) [HTML](184) [PDF 12.18 M](1166)

Abstract:
Objective：To compare the efficacy of three conventional imaging tests，mammography（MG），ultrasonography（US），and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI），in assessing the lesion size of ductal carcinoma in situ（DCIS）or DCIS with microinvasion（DCISMI），and explore their potential value in guiding breast - conserving surgery. Methods：We retrospectively collected case files of patients with pathologically confirmed DCIS/DCIS -MI in our hospital，and compared the lesion sizes assessed by the three imaging modalities with the“gold standard”pathological size，and evaluated the accuracy and consistency of the different imaging modalities by using McNemar’s test and Bland-Altman’s method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the clinicopathologic features that influenced the accuracy of the assessment，followed by subgroup analyses. Finally，the influencing factors leading to falsenegative -imaging results were explored and analyzed. Results：A total of 263 patients with DCIS/DCIS-MI were enrolled in this study. Regarding the measurement mean deviation，MRI mostly overestimated（+3.5 mm）lesions，while MG（-2.5 mm）and US（-1.4 mm） underestimated them. Consistency analysis suggested that MRI had the strongest correlation with pathological findings（r=0.853）and the narrowest range of 95% limits of agreement（95% LOA）（-1.73~2.44 cm），which was superior to MG（r=0.561）and US（r=0.614）. McNemar test indicated MRI’s superiority over US/MG（P ＜ 0.05），while combined US+MG achieved comparable accuracy to MRI（P= 0.921）. Logistic regression analysis showed that age ＞60 years at diagnosis（OR=0.322），tumor diameter 16-40 mm（OR=3.019），and ≥ 41 mm（OR=6.146）significantly affected the accuracy of MG assessment（all P ＜ 0.05）. Tumor diameters of 16-40 mm（OR=2.270） and ≥41 mm（OR=4.237）and ductal dilatation sign（OR=1.728）significantly increased the risk of US assessment error（all P ＜ 0.05）. Moderate -to - severe breast background parenchymal enhancement（OR=2.139）and non -mass -like foci of enhancement（OR=2.655） significantly increased the risk of MRI assessment error（all P ＜ 0.05）. Subgroup analyses suggested comparable performance for lesions ≤15 mm，US preference for 16-40 mm lesions，and MRI advantage for ≥41 mm lesions. In addition，the HER2 expression status （OR=0.100）and the Ki67 expression level（OR=0.297）were independent predictors for MG detection failure（all P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion：Preoperative MRI is beneficial for guiding precise breast-conserving surgery in DCIS/DCIS-MI patients，particularly for lesions ≥41 mm. In clinical practice at primary hospitals，the combined use of US and MG can be promoted. For patients with low HER2 and Ki67 expression，the possibility of false-negative results should be considered during preoperative MG evaluation.

43 Combined analysis of scRNAseq and Bulk RNAseq revealed that MTRNR2L1 mediated the downregulation of PANoptosis in COPD

GE Yanlei , SUN Siyi , REN Hongqin , YAO Xuexin , ZHAO Qian , LI Wenqiang , CHEN Weibin , BAI Jing , YU Changli , DONG Aiying , LIU Tiejun , FU Aishuang

2025, 45(6):786-797. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240702

[Abstract](515) [HTML](246) [PDF 196.88 M](1184)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the mechanism of MT -RNR2-like protein 1（MTRNR2L1）- mediated regulation of PANoptosis during the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD），and to provide new ideas for finding the pathogenesis of COPD. Methods：Bulk RNA sequencing（Bulk RNA-seq）data and single cell RNA sequencing（scRNA-Seq）data from COPD patients in Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO）were used to explore the cellular composition in COPD patients’lung tissues and to analyze the pathways involved in the development of the disease. PANoptosis was simulated in smoke/lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-exposed mice，and MTRNR2L1 and PANoptosis protein expression levels were assessed to clarify their roles in the development of COPD. Results：Bulk RNA -seq demonstrated the altered expression of T cell response - related genes between the COPD patients and the normal controls. scRNA-seq confirmed decreased CD8+ T cells and increased epithelial cells in the COPD patients compared with controls. MTRNR2L1 was upregulated in COPD patient immune and epithelial cells，then those of controls PANoptosis-related genes were reduced in lungs， CD8 + T cells and epithelial cells of COPD patients then those of controls：Smoke/LPS-exposed mouse lungs exhibit alveolar damage， increased expression of PANoptosis-related proteins，while MTRNR2L1 overexpression significantly inhibited cellular PANoptosis and downregulated the levels of ZBP1，Caspase -3，GSDMD，and MLKL. Conclusion：The differentially expressed genes in CD8 + T cells and epithelial cells were enriched in pathways related to PANoptosis，suggesting the involvement of PANoptosis in the development of COPD. The process of PANoptosis in the onset and development of COPD was associated with increased expression of PANoptosis - related proteins. MTRNR2L1 exhibited an inhibitory effect on PANoptosis，and regulating PANoptosis may provide new therapeutic opportunities for reducing lung injury and improving lung ventilatory function.

44 Baicalin activates autophagy,inhibits inflammation and promotes odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells

CUI Chuang , SUN Siyi , QIN Ziyi , SHA Ying , XU Hai , JIANG Fei , ZHANG Guangdong

2025, 45(6):766-776. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250241

[Abstract](719) [HTML](129) [PDF 180.47 M](1259)

Abstract:
Objective：This study aims to verify the anti-inflammatory effect of baicalin（BA）in an inflammatory environment and explore its influence on the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells（hDPSC），providing a reference for the vital pulp therapy of pulpitis. Methods：Select the early inflammatory pulp tissue of the human teeth for making frozen sections and conducting HE staining，interleukin（IL）-1β immunohistochemical staining，as well as IL-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS） immunofluorescence staining. Human monocyte leukemia cells（THP-1）were differentiated into macrophages and polarized to the M1 subtype under the induction of lipopolysaccharide（LPS）and interferon-γ（IFN-γ）. Then，cells were treated with BA（50 μmol/L）， the expression levels of iNOS，IL-1β，and IL-8 were analyzed using immunofluorescence，real-time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR），and Western blot. Additionally，the expression changes of LC3B，Beclin-1，and P62 were assessed by Western blot to monitor autophagic flux alterations in macrophages. To further investigate the relationship between inflammation inhibition and autophagy，we employed the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA to block autophagic flux and re-evaluated the expression changes of IL-1β and IL-8. Supernatants from macrophages cultured under various conditions were collected，and the conditioned medium was prepared and added to mineralized hDPSC. The odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation ability of hDPSC in an inflammatory environment was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase ALP staining，alizarin reds（ARS）staining，RT - PCR，and Western blot. Results：The expression of IL - 1β and iNOS around the inflammatory area of early pulpitis tissue was significantly increased. After induced by LPS and IFN-γ，macrophages were polarized from M0 to M1，and the expressions of iNOS，IL-1β and IL-8 significantly increased. After co-incubation with 50 μmol/L BA for 24 hours，the polarization degree of M1 macrophages significantly decreased，the mRNA levels of IL - 1β and IL - 8 significantly decreased compared with the M1 group. Compared with the M1 group，the expressions of LC3B -Ⅱ and Beclin -1 increased after the addition of BA，while the expression of P62 was inhibited. After 3 - MA blocked autophagy，the mRNA levels of IL - 1β and IL - 8 significantly increased. After adding the supernatant of M1 macrophages to hDPSC and inducing mineralization for 7~21 days，the ALP activity of hDPSC decreased，the calcium salt deposition significantly reduced，and the expressions of ALP，DSPP，RUNX2，OPN and COL - 1 significantly decreased. When adding the supernatant of M1 macrophages treated with BA，the ALP activity of hDPSC significantly increased，the calcium salt deposition significantly increased，and the expressions of ALP，DSPP，RUNX2，OPN and COL-1 significantly increased. Conclusion：BA can inhibit inflammatory responses by activating autophagy，thereby enabling hDPSC to function in an inflammatory microenvironment.

45 Potential and prospects of event ⁃ related potentials in the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders

XING Haoran , ZHAO Haiqiang , BAO Tianhao

2025(6):756-765. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250088

[Abstract](289) [HTML](238) [PDF 8.92 M](1113)

Abstract:
Depressive disorder，as a common mental health condition，imposes a significant burden on both patients and society. However，its early diagnosis and precise treatment remain challenging，highlighting the urgent need for objective and reproducible neural biomarkers. In recent years，event - related potentials（ERPs），as a neurophysiological tool characterized by high temporal resolution，cost-effectiveness，and non-invasiveness，have opened new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders. The article reviews the latest advances in the research of various ERP components in depressive disorders，with a particular focus on their potential applications and current challenges in the diagnosis，differential diagnosis，and treatment outcome evaluation of depressive disorders. The aim is to provide insights and references for future research and application of ERPs as neurobiological markers in the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of depressive disorders.

46 Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and depression:hypothesis and evidence

ZHU Linlin , ZHANG Jing , ZHOU Qigang

2025(6):745-755. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250176

[Abstract](795) [HTML](243) [PDF 8.58 M](1136)

Abstract:
Depression，as a neuropsychiatric disorder with high prevalence，strong concealment and high relapse rate，is a serious threat to human physical and mental health. The hippocampus，a key brain region for regulating emotional and cognitive functions，has been found to have persistent neurogenesis in its dentate gyrus during adulthood. In recent years，a large amount of evidence suggests that adult hippocampal neurogenesis processes are closely related to the pathophysiology of depression. However，the causal association between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the pathology of depression has not been systematically summarized. In this review，we summarized four aspects of evidence supporting the‘adult hippocampal neurogenesis hypothesis’of depression：the reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis induces depressive phenotypes and related pathologies；depression models reduce adult hippocampal neurogenesis；the increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis exerts antidepressant effect；and current antidepressants treatment increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis. This review is the first to comprehensively and systematically summarize the causal role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression，providing new perspectives on the mechanisms of depression and antidepressants.

47 Research status of obstructive sleep apnea in women

TANG Xiaoqing , GUO Hua , CUI Xiaochuan

2025(5):727-736. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241445

[Abstract](712) [HTML](149) [PDF 950.56 K](1117)

Abstract:
Obstructive sleep apnea（OSA）is a potentially fatal sleep - related respiratory disease that can lead to serious health complications. The prevalence of OSA in women varies by life stages，especially increasing significantly during pregnancy and after menopause. Its pathophysiological mechanism involves anatomical，physiological and hormonal changes，resulting in different clinical manifestations from men. Accordingly，this article reviews the research status of female obstructive sleep apnea，including epidemiology，pathophysiological mechanisms，diagnosis and evaluation，treatment and management. This review aims to provide new ideas for optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of female OSA.

48 Advances in the drug resistance mechanism of antibody⁃drug conjugates in breast cancer

LU Rongrong , QU Fei , LI Wei

2025(5):707-717. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240894

[Abstract](1824) [HTML](275) [PDF 7.45 M](1249)

Abstract:
Antibody - drug conjugates（ADC），as a class of innovative therapies，have shown significant activity in breast cancer. ADCs are conjugated from monoclonal antibodies，linkers and cytotoxic payloads，which harnesses the highly specific targeting capabilities of antibodies along with the potent cancer killing effects of the cytotoxic drugs，demonstrating significant efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer. Nonetheless，as ADCs have been widely used in clinical practice，resistance to ADCs has been observed in breast cancer patients. In this review，we summarized ADCs’current applications in the treatment of breast cancer and classified the mechanisms underlying ADC resistance into several distinct categories as follows：inadequate antigen - antibody binding，impaired internalization and trafficking pathways of ADCs，defective lysosomal function，aberrant payload release，tumor insensitivity to the payloads，and cyclin deficiency. Furthermore，we summarized the contemporary strategies designed to address ADC resistance，such as the combined use of ADCs with other therapeutic agents，including chemotherapeutic agents，targeted therapies，and immune checkpoint inhibitors，as well as the development of new drugs. This review aims to offer reference options for the treatment of patients with ADC-resistant breast cancer.

49 Non⁃vesicular extracellular nanoparticles:a critical mode of intercellular communication

WANG Jingxiao , ZHU Guoqing

2025(5):683-690,726. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250019

[Abstract](790) [HTML](253) [PDF 4.99 M](1062)

Abstract:
Non-vesicular extracellular nanoparticles（NVEPs）are newly discovered nanoscale-sized particles released by cells. Two types of NVEPs with important intercellular communication functions are exomeres（EMs）and supermeres（SMs）. They differ from extracellular vesicles（EVs）in that they are not enclosed by a plasma membrane and have a smaller diameter. Both EMs and SMs contain various signaling molecules including proteins，nucleic acids，and lipids，and their primary function is to realize intercellular communication. The EMs or SMs transport signal molecules to target cells，and are taken up by the target cells，thereby regulating the phenotype and function of the cells. This review mainly focuses on the latest research progress of EMs and SMs in the aspects of cell biology，pathophysiology，pathogenesis and potential value.

50 Application of functional near⁃infrared spectroscopy in the field of stroke

NIE Ping , WANG Zhaolu , TANG Jinrong

2025(5):605-611. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241275

[Abstract](702) [HTML](402) [PDF 2.54 M](1100)

Abstract:
Stroke，as an acute cerebrovascular disease，is characterised by high incidence，high recurrence rate，high disability rate， high mortality rate，and significant economic burden，posing an extremely serious threat to human life and health. Functional near - infrared spectroscopy（fNIRS），a non -invasive，portable，and electromagnetic interference - resistant optical brain imaging technique， has seen extensive application in neuroscience and clinical rehabilitation fields in recent years. Particularly in the neurological rehabilitation of stroke，fNIRS has provided substantial support for rehabilitation assessment，treatment optimization and neural mechanism research due to its unique advantages. This paper reviews the main applications，research progress，existing controversies， and future research directions of fNIRS in this field，aiming to provide a reference for the research and practice in neurological rehabilitation of stroke.

51 Neutrophils:a stumbling block in stroke reperfusion therapy

CHEN Wei , WU Haiyin , ZHU Dongya

2025(5):593-604. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241207

[Abstract](991) [HTML](383) [PDF 13.70 M](1255)

Abstract:
Stroke is an acute neurologic injury caused by ischemia or hemorrhage that stems from a wide range of pathologies，with high rates of morbidity，mortality，and disability. Thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are the only Food and Drug Administration in United States of America approved methods for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke（AIS），but clinical benefits of the reperfusion therapy are significantly limited by hemorrhagic transformations（HT），the resistance to thrombolytic drugs，and reperfusion no - reflow. Although the factors leading to these problems are complex，neutrophils play the most critical role in them. Based on the latest research progress in recent years，this review focuses on the role of neutrophils in mediating the pathophysiological events of AIS，the specific mechanisms by which neutrophils cause HT，thrombolytic drug resistance，and no-reflow after reperfusion therapy，as well as strategies targeting neutrophils to prevent or alleviate these complications following reperfusion therapy，offering new insights for the clinical therapy and drug development of ischemic stroke.

52 Research progress and application prospects of speech recognition technology in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis

LI Jinyu , ZHAO Taihong

2025(4):574-579,587. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241209

[Abstract](512) [HTML](379) [PDF 1.83 M](979)

Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically emerges in early childhood，with core symptoms predominantly manifesting in language and social interaction. Although traditional diagnostic tools，such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2，are widely used，they often have limited accessibility and objectivity in younger children and in primary healthcare settings. Due to its strong quantitative capabilities，relatively low cost，and high sensitivity to early speech anomalies in infants，speech recognition technology has emerged as a promising approach for ASD diagnostic support. This paper systematically reviews the latest research on the application of speech recognition in early screening across different age groups， diagnosis of comorbid emotional issues，assessment of disease severity，and multimodal data integration. The findings indicate that extracting acoustic features（such as fundamental frequency，speech rate，and pauses）can effectively distinguish individuals with ASD from typically developing children，while also identifying comorbidities like anxiety，depression，and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore，multimodal fusion（e.g.，neuroimaging，physiological signals，and behavioral data）can further improve diagnostic accuracy. However，challenges persist，including inadequate data diversity，limitations related to dialect and age applicability，confounding effects of comorbid conditions，and concerns over privacy.

53 Prospective analysis of early gut microbiota changes in severe burn patients aged 50 and above based on 16S rRNA high⁃throughput sequencing

QIN Hao , XIE Weiguo , CHEN Xiaohong , LIU Meng , TIAN Xia

2025(4):523-534. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241105

[Abstract](671) [HTML](382) [PDF 1.20 M](932)

Abstract:
Objective：To analyze the early changes in the gut microbiota of patients aged 50 and above with severe burns using high -throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA（16S rRNA），and to provide a basis for applying intestinal flora intervention strategies in this patient population. Methods：Thirteen patients with severe burns（burn group）and twelve healthy volunteers（control group）were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical data and fecal samples were collected from both groups，and 16S rRNA V4 region gene sequencing was performed to assess the relative abundance of various bacterial taxa. The Rarefy method was employed to generate operational taxonomic units（OTUs），and Z-score normalization was applied to identify differentially abundant bacteria. A heatmap for differential bacterial communities was constructed. The number of fecal microbiota OTUs and diversity indices were analyzed using QIIME. Linear discriminant analysis effect size（LEfSe）was used to identify dominant bacterial groups. The functional abundance of the microbiota was predicted using PICRUSt2 software. The correlations among differential bacterial taxa at the genus level were visualized using the igraph package in R language. Results：The early gut microbiota of severe burn patients was predominantly composed of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. Twenty - three bacterial genera exhibited significant differences between the two groups（P ＜ 0.05）. The heatmap of differential bacterial communities indicated that the burn group had a slightly lower abundance of microbial taxa than the control group. LEfSe analysis indicated that，compared to the control group，the burn group exhibited a significant increase in bacterial species in one phylum，two classes，six orders，six families，and ten genera. The differential microbial distribution dendrogram suggested that Bacilli were the primary distinguishing marker for the burn group， while Clostridia were the main marker for the control group. KEGG functional prediction analysis indicated no significant differences between the two groups（P ＞ 0.05）. Combined network visualization analysis revealed that Firmicutes exerted the greatest influence， with 136 bacterial genera showing significant positive or negative correlations（|r|＞ 0.3，P ＜ 0.05），primarily through synergistic interactions. Conclusion：In patients aged 50 and above with severe burns，there are significant differences in early gut microbiota compared to healthy peers of the same age. The abundance of beneficial bacterial species is reduced，the proportion of anaerobic bacteria is significantly increased. Additionally，there are certain synergistic and antagonistic interactions among different microbial communities.

54 The value of PAX1 gene methylation in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical lesions

ZHANG Ying , CHEN Shuai , ZHANG Lina

2025(4):471-477. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241046

[Abstract](866) [HTML](384) [PDF 810.35 K](931)

Abstract:
Cervical cancer，the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide，is more significant and prevalent，especially in low - and middle - income countries. Its occurrence is closely related to human papillomavirus（HPV）infection. Through in - depth analysis and synthesis of related literature，this review indicates that the methylation status of the paired box 1（PAX1）gene can be used as an important marker for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Compared with traditional methods，PAX1 methylation status demonstrated more excellent specificity and sensitivity，providing new possibilities for the early detection of cervical cancer. Meanwhile，it was also found that the methylation status of PAX1 gene can also be used to assess the prognosis of cervical cancer after treatment. In the pathogenesis of cervical cancer，hypermethylation of the promoter region of the PAX1 gene leads to a significant downregulation of its expression，which not only weakens the physiological function of PAX1，but also interferes with the normal regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition，the combination of PAX1 gene methylation and other biomarkers can significantly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of cervical cancer screening. Although the current research on PAX1 methylation is constrained by factors such as small clinical sample size and short research period，it has shown an important role and wide application potential in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. With the continuous development of technology and in - depth research，PAX1 methylation is expected to become an important tool for early screening and personalized treatment of cervical cancer.

55 The clinical value of imaging model based on tumor ⁃ pleura relationship on CT for predicting occult mediatinal lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma

HAO Qinmin , JIA Yizhen , LI Hai , YU Tongfu , XU Hai , YUAN Mei

2025(4):463-470. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241402

[Abstract](468) [HTML](265) [PDF 1.10 M](1036)

Abstract:
Objective：To construct a predictive model for occult mediastinal lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma based on clinical and imaging features of the primary tumor. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on lung adenocarcinoma patients，who underwent surgical treatment and lymph node dissection with or without occult mediastinal lymph node metastasis on pathology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2009 to 2019. Multiple clinical and imaging features of the patient were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors，and an imaging model incorporating multiple CT characteristics was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curves were established to evaluate the predictive efficacy and clinical utility value of each model. Results：Among the final 780 patients with normal-sized lymph nodes，145 cases exhibited lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis suggested that tumor size，axial location， nodule characteristics，morphological features，pleural pulling sign，and type of pleural adjacency were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor size（OR=1.019，95% CI：1.002- 1.036，P=0.028），nodule characteristics（OR=0.361，95% CI：0.202-0.646，P=0.001），pleural tag（OR=1.835，95%CI：1.152-2.924，P=0.011），and presence of mediastinal pleural abutting（OR=1.796，95% CI：1.106- 2.919，P=0.018）were independent predictors of occult mediastinal lymph node metastasis. The imaging model developed based on these predictors showed an area under the curve（AUC）of 0.75，with a sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 53.1%. Conclusion：The imaging model based on chest CT scans demonstrates excellent clinical value in predicting occult mediastinal lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. It provides a basis for non-invasive preoperative decision making and surgical treatment planning by clinicians.

56 Advances in non⁃pharmacologic treatment of cancer patients with depression

ZHU Xuanyan , ZHANG Qiaoyang , DONG Guanzhong , CAO Yin

2025(4):453-462. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241213

[Abstract](507) [HTML](284) [PDF 826.56 K](936)

Abstract:
Cancer patients are often combined with depressive symptoms，which is not conducive to the recovery of the disease. Currently，the treatment of cancer with depression is based on drugs，but it is prone to interact with antitumor drugs，and the excessive drug burden may lead to poor patient compliance，affecting the treatment and prognosis of the disease. Therefore，it is particularly important to discover safer and more effective treatments. This article reviews the progress of non-pharmacological therapies at home and abroad in recent years，with a view to providing ideas for optimizing the treatment of cancer with depression.

57 Evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer based on clinical and MR image data

MENG Huihui , YU Jing , WU Feiyun

2025(4):443-452. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241039

[Abstract](870) [HTML](271) [PDF 1.35 M](885)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the risk factors of pathological complete response（pCR）after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer based on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）data. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on 175 patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer through biopsy and clinical diagnosis from December 2014 to November 2022，who underwent total mesorectal excision（TME）after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. These patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set in a 7∶3 ratio. The training set included 122 patients，with 30 in the pCR group and 92 in the non-pCR group；the remaining 53 patients served as the validation set（10 in the pCR group and 43 in the non-pCR group）. Clinical data，imaging examination and pathological data of patients before and after treatment were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. The diagnostic efficacy of predictive factors was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. The diagnostic efficacy of predictive factors was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve，calculating the area under the curve（AUC），cutoff value，sensitivity，and specificity. Differences in AUC values were compared using the DeLong test. Results：Statistically significant differences were observed in the maximum tumor diameter before and after treatment，the depth of tumor infiltration before and after treatment，the CEA value after treatment，the number of lymph nodes around the tumor after treatment，extramural vascular invasion before and after treatment，imaging T and N stages after treatment，and the mesorectal fascia between the pCR and non-pCR groups. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis identified extramural depth after treatment was an independent risk factor for evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Extramural depth after treatment demonstrated good diagnostic efficacy in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in both the training and validation sets. The AUC values for the training and the validation sets were 0.783 and 0.765，respectively，with cutoff values of 0.555 and 0.627，sensitivity of 0.870 and 0.852，and the specificity of 0.733 and 0.773. There was no statistically difference after Hosmer - Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Conclusion：Evaluating the extramural depth is helpful to evaluate the pCR rate of locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer，providing a convenient and non -invasive diagnostic tool for clinic practice and guiding individualized treatment.

58 Research progress on inhibitors of α ⁃ synuclein aggregation，a marker for Parkinson’s disease

LI Qi , QIN Yajuan , TANG Lijun

2025(3):404-417. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241237

[Abstract](897) [HTML](506) [PDF 5.95 M](1059)

Abstract:
Parkinson’s disease（PD）is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The pathological aggregation of α- synuclein（α-syn）is a biomarker of PD，which is closely related to the occurrence and development of PD. Finding an inhibitor that can inhibit the formation of pathological aggregates such as α-syn oligomer and α-syn protofibrils at the early stage of the disease is of great significance for the treatment of PD. In recent years，significant progress has been made in the research of inhibitors targeting α-syn aggregation. This review summarizes the structure，physiological function，pathological mechanism and inhibitors of α-syn aggregation， aiming to provide a reference for the further research and development of α-syn aggregation inhibitors.

59 Myosteatosis as a new prognostic factor in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors

GU Tianhao , LI Fengyuan , XU Hao

2025(3):373-381,388. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241208

[Abstract](803) [HTML](280) [PDF 81.47 M](1152)

Abstract:
Objective：This study aims to investigate the predictive role of baseline body composition parameters，including specifically myosteatosis，sarcopenia，and the cachexia index，on disease -free survival（DFS）in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors（GIST）receiving postoperative imatinib therapy. Methods：This single-center retrospective study included 82 moderate-or high-risk GIST patients who underwent tumor resection and were pathologically diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2014 and December 2018. Body composition parameters including skeletal muscle index，subcutaneous and visceral adipose index，and low-attenuation muscle area were quantified via CT imaging at the L3 vertebral level to assess the presence of myosteatosis or sarcopenia in patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between these parameters and DFS. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated，and the model’s predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curves，calibration curves，and decision curve analysis（DCA）. Results：The median follow-up duration for the 82 patients was 72 months，with 22 cases（26.83%）experiencing recurrence during this period. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that myosteatosis（P=0.010），high-risk status（P=0.011）， and C -KIT exon 13 mutation（P=0.002）were independent risk factors for DFS. The nomogram based on these factors yielded area under the ROC curve of 0.728 and 0.746 for 3 -，5-year DFS，respectively，indicating strong predictive performance. Additionally， decision curve analysis confirmed the nomogram’s utility in clinical decision -making. Conclusion：Myosteatosis，risk stratification， and C-KIT exon mutation types represent important prognostic factors for DFS in GIST patients. Compared to sarcopenia，myosteatosis shows greater clinical value in predicting prognosis and may serve as a novel prognostic factor for GIST patients.

60 Mechanism research of mitochondria-targeted drug Mitochonic acid 5 regulating mitochondrial homeostasis to alleviate renal fibrosis

QIAN Li , CHEN Chen , LI Qing , WU Lin , XING Changying , MAO Huijuan , YUAN Yanggang

2025(3):311-318. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240954

[Abstract](873) [HTML](430) [PDF 8.65 M](1249)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the effect of mitochondrial targeting drug Mitochonic acid 5（MA-5）on renal fibrosis and its mechanism. Methods：Twenty-four 8-week-old SPF C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into four groups：control group，MA-5 group，unilateral ureteral obstruction（UUO）group，and UUO+MA-5 group. Mice in all four groups underwent surgery to expose the ureter and kidney. The UUO and UUO +MA- 5 group received ureteral ligation，while the control and MA- 5 groups had the ureter exposed and sutured without ligation. From the 2nd day after operation，the MA-5 and the UUO+MA-5 group received MA-5 by gavage continuously until the 7th day，whilethe control and UUO group were given the corresponding doses of corn oilby gavage. The mice were sacrificed on the 7th day after UUO，and the kidney and blood samples were collected. Subsequently，Masson and Sirius Red staining were used to assess renal fibrosis. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）and CollagenⅠ（Col1）were explored by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore，Western blot was used to detect the expression of mitochondrial andaging-related proteins. Mouse renal tubular epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and stimulated with transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β）. Western blot was used to detect the expression of α-SMA，Fibronectin，and Vimentin in tubular epithelial cells with or without MA-5 intervention. Results： Seven days after UUO，Masson and Sirius Red staining of renal tissue showed that the UUO group had severe renal fibrosis，and the UUO + MA-5 group had significantly reduced renal fibrosis compared to the UUO group. The results of Western Blot and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of α-SMA and Col1 in the UUO+MA-5 group was significantly lower than that in the UUO group（P < 0.05）. Further study showed that mitochondrial biosynthesis，fusion and motility were decreased in the UUO group， with decreased expression of superoxide dismutase 2（SOD2）. MA-5 treatment significantly increased the expression of Mitofilin in the kidney of UUO mice，improved mitochondrial function，and increased the expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α（PGC1-α），Mitofusin 2（Mfn2），the mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1（Miro1）and SOD2（all P < 0.05）. The results in vitro showed that MA-5 could reduce the expression of fibrosis-related proteins induced by TGF-β in cultured tubular epithelial cells（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Renal fibrosis occurs in mice after UUO，and MA-5 can attenuate TGF-β induced tubular epithelial cells fibrosis by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.

61 Antinuclear antibodies in assisted reproductive technology：clinical relevance and therapeutic implications

DING Kai , LI Xin , ZHAO Chun

2025(3):301-310. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241407

[Abstract](985) [HTML](407) [PDF 873.64 K](1099)

Abstract:
In the application of assisted reproductive technology（ART），the impact of antinuclear antibody（ANA）on the pregnancy outcomes of infertile patients has garnered attention. ANA，as a biomarker of autoimmune abnormalities，has been extensively studied for its association with unexplained infertility and its potential effects on oocyte and embryo quality. Current evidence suggests that a positive ANA status may be associated with reduced ovarian reserve function，poor embryo development，decreased clinical pregnancy rates，and increased risk of miscarriage. The level of ANA in follicular fluid is considered a sensitive indicator for predicting autoimmunity-related infertility. Specific ANA subtypes，such as anti -dsDNA antibodies and anti -centromere antibodies（ACA），are related to oocyte maturation disorder and delayed embryo development. Nevertheless，the direct link between a positive ANA status and the decline in female fertility and adverse reproductive outcomes requires further research for clarification. The review also discusses various treatment options for ANA-positive patients，including glucocorticoids，low-dose aspirin，and hydroxychloroquine， aiming to provide guidance for clinical practice and research in ART.

62 Results and significance of chromosomal karyotype analysis of 3591 sperm donors in Jiangsu Province

LIN Faxi , WANG Jiaxiong , YAN Jing , SUN Hongyong , WANG Zengjun

2025(3):295-300,326. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240842

[Abstract](1229) [HTML](329) [PDF 4.64 M](1089)

Abstract:
Objective：To analyze the genetic characteristics of chromosomes of sperm donor volunteers in human sperm bank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University，for more than ten years，and to explore the role of sperm bank chromosomal karyotypes analysis and screening in avoiding adverse pregnancy outcomes after sperm donor treatment. Methods：The chromosomal karyotypes examination results of 3 591 sperm donors，who underwent sperm screening at the Human Sperm Bank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2012 to December 2023，were retrospectively analyzed to classify the distribution and types of chromosomal karyotypes abnormalities. Results：Among the 3 591 sperm donors，there were 62 cases of karyotype abnormalities，accounting for 1.73% of all volunteers，of which the most common were pericentric inversions（30/62），followed by secondary constriction region enlargement（13/62），and then short-arm enlargement（7/62）and translocation（6/62）. In addition to this， there were 3 cases of satellite enlargement，1 case of double enlargement，1 case of enlarged centromere，and 1 case of marker chromosome. Conclusion：In view of the known or potential adverse effects of karyotype abnormalities on pregnancy outcomes and offspring health，sperm banks are required to conduct rigorous cytogenetic screening of sperm donor volunteers to circumvent the risk of failure of subsequent sperm donor treatments and to fulfil the societal role of assisted conception and eugenics.

63 Recent advance in mechanism of cognitive impairment induced by chronic kidney disease

ZHAO Xiangyu , YAO Xinyi , SUN Meiling

2025(2):260-270. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240862

[Abstract](984) [HTML](637) [PDF 10.84 M](1305)

Abstract:
Chronic kidney disease（CKD）is a common chronic disease，which is characterized by structural defects and dysfunction in the kidney. The incidence of cognitive dysfunction in CKD patients is significantly higher than that in the general population. Cognitive dysfunction seriously affects the quality of life and therapeutic treatment of CKD patients. In recent years，significant progress has been made in research on the mechanisms and treatments of cognitive impairment induced by CKD. The risk factors of CKD induced cognitive dysfunction include vascular damage，uremic toxins，metabolic acidosis，hemodialysis，and these factors are interwoven with complex mechanisms of renal -brain crosstalk. The current treatments for CKD induced cognitive dysfunction mainly rely on drug therapy，combined with other non-drug therapeutic approaches，such as cognitive rehabilitation training and non-invasive brain electrophysiological stimulation，aiming to achieve optimal therapeutic effects. This review focused on the research progress of the mechanisms and treatments of cognitive impairment induced by CKD，providing a basis for the early identification，prevention，and treatment of cognitive dysfunction. In the future，studies will continue to explore the pathogenesis of CKD induced cognitive impairment，aiming to provide more effective treatment strategies for clinical practice and improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.

64 Correlation between consensus clustering for multiparametric MRI ⁃ based radiomics features and clinical and histopathological features of early⁃stage cervical cancer

LU Yao , SHAO Wenhui , SONG Jiacheng , ZHANG Aining , DUAN Shaofeng , QU Feifei , CHENG Wenjun , CHEN Ting , WU Feiyun

2025(2):208-217. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240525

[Abstract](1165) [HTML](351) [PDF 5.10 M](1122)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the correlation between MRI phenotypes and various clinical and histopathological characteristics in patients with early - stage cervical cancer（CC）. Methods：The MRI radiomics features，along with clinical and histopathological characteristics of 164 patients with CC were collected retrospectively from July 2019 to December 2023. Tumors and pelvic lymph nodes of all patients were divided into two clusters using raidomics-based consensus clustering. Differences in clinical and histopathological characteristics between the two groups were compared. Results：Tumor - based clustering analysis showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of average age，histological type，tumor differentiation，lymphovascular space invasion，or parametrial invasion. Clustering analysis based on tumors showed that compared with the cluster 1，patients in the cluster 2 had a more advanced postoperative International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics（FIGO）stage[ⅡA and above：22/72（30.6%） vs. 56/92（60.9%），P=0.001]，a higher probability of lymph node metastasis[9/72（12.5%）vs. 30/92（32.6%），P=0.002]，larger tumor size[short diameter：（16.67 ± 6.32）mm vs.（28.38 ± 9.73）mm，long diameter：（21.02 ± 7.39）mm vs.（34.34 ± 9.72）mm，height：（18.93 ± 8.01）mm vs.（29.92 ± 10.61）mm，all P ＜ 0.001]，and deeper stromal invasion[＞2/3：26/72（36.1%）vs. 62/92（67.4%），P ＜ 0.001]. Clustering analysis based on lymph nodes showed that no significant differences between the two clusters in short axis，long axis，short - to - long axis ratio，signal，border，or lymph node metastasis. Conclusion：Associations between radiomics features and clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with CC could be identified by consensus clustering based on multiparametric MRI-based radiomics，suggesting possibilities for preoperative risk stratification.

65 Predictive value of preoperative multiregional multiparametric breast MRI radiomics for N2⁃3 stage axillary lymph nodes

LIN Jialu , CHEN Jiaxue , LOU Jianjuan , ZOU Qigui , WANG Siqi , JIANG Yanni

2025(2):185-195. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241100

[Abstract](916) [HTML](420) [PDF 112.11 M](1168)

Abstract:
Objective：To develop and validate a radiomics nomogram based on intratumoral and peritumoral multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）for preoperative prediction of N2 - 3 stage axillary lymph node（ALN）in invasive breast cancer. Methods：We retrospectively analyzed 320 invasive breast cancer patients（224 in the training set and 96 in the validation set）who underwent preoperative standardized breast MRI from January 2018 to December 2019. Based on the number of axillary metastatic lymph nodes in the pathological reports，patients were divided into N0-1 group（fewer than 4 metastatic nodes）and N2-3 group（4 or more metastatic nodes）. Radiomics features associated with ALN stage were selected from three regions of interest（ROI）across five MRI sequences：intratumor，peritumor，and intratumor + peritumor. Three radiomics models（intratumoral model，peritumoral model， and intratumoral + peritumoral model）were constructed using a random forest（RF）classifier，and radiomics scores for each model were calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify clinical parameters and then constructed a clinical model. Features from the optimal radiomics model and clinical model were integrated to build a combined model and visualized as a nomogram. The predictive performance and clinical utility of each model were evaluated and compared using receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curves，calibration curves，and decision curve analysis（DCA）. Results：The intratumoral + peritumoral model performed best among the three radiomics models，with an area under the curve（AUC）of 0.911 and 0.858 in the training and validation sets，respectively. The nomogram integrating the intratumoral + peritumoral radiomics features and clinical features （peritumoral edema and lesion enhancement pattern）had the best predictive efficacy of N2-3 stage ALN among all models，with an AUC of 0.923 and 0.892 in the training and validation datasets，respectively. Calibration curves showed that the predicted values of the nomogram were in good agreement with the actual observed values. DCA demonstrated that the nomogram had high clinical utility. Conclusion：A nomogram constructed by multiregion multiparametric MRI radiomics features and clinical features has high value for personalized prediction of N2-3 stage ALN in invasive breast cancer.

66 Mechanisms of annexin A5 regulating ferroptosis sensitivity in melanoma cells

WANG Jiahui , LI Luqi , ZHANG Yue , ZHANG Xiaowen , ZHANG Jing

2025(2):157-164. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240844

[Abstract](763) [HTML](452) [PDF 5.73 M](1131)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the correlation between the expression of annexin A5（ANXA5）and ferroptosis in melanoma. Methods：The expression of ANXA5 in melanoma was analyzed using The Human Protein Atlas data and further validated by immunohistochemistry on a human melanoma tissue microarray. The B16F10 melanoma cell line was used as the research model， where ANXA5 knockout cell lines were generated using CRISPR -Cas9 technology. The effect of ANXA5 knockout on ferroptosis in B16F10 cells was assessed using CCK - 8 and lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）assays. RNA - seq was further performed to identify the possible target molecules of ANXA5 related to ferroptosis，followed by validation. Additionally，the endogenous expression of ANXA5 in different melanoma cell lines was measured to confirm its regulatory role in ferroptosis sensitivity. Results：ANXA5 was aberrantly overexpressed in melanoma tissues，and knockingdown or knockingout ANXA5 promoted the sensitivity to ferroptosis in melanoma cells. Acyl - CoA synthetase long - chain family member 4（ACSL4）as a key regulator of ferroptosis，was negatively correlated with ANXA5 expression. Overexpression of ANXA5 reduced the level of ACSL4 and showed resistance to ferroptosis. Conclusion：In melanoma cells，downregulation of ANXA5 enhanced the sensitivity to ferroptosis via upregulating ACSL4，suggesting that ANXA5 may be a potential target of ferroptosis-based therapy in melanoma.

67 Screening of DNA aptamers for subtype of breast cancer cells by using SELEX

PAN Xianjun , LIU Mei , LI Guangxin , XU Faliang

2025(2):147-156. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240809

[Abstract](1712) [HTML](315) [PDF 31.15 M](1265)

Abstract:
Objective：To get DNA aptamers binding to different subtypes of breast cancer cells. Methods：A random double - stranded DNA（dsDNA）pool was established by PCR，and single-stranded DNA（ssDNA）library was separated from the dsDNA pool by coated sepharose. Based on subtractive cell - systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment（SELEX），the in vitro cultured breast cancer cells，MCF -7 and MDA -MB -231，were alternately used as positive screening targets while normal mammary gland cell MCF - 10A as negative. The effect of PCR amplification and the recovery of aptamer were confirmed by agarose electrophoresis. The PCR conditions were optimized through temperature gradient experiment，while the affinity of aptamers for target cells was monitored by using flow cytometry（FCM）. Cloning and sequencing of aptamers were carried out by conventional molecular biology techniques. The aptamers were preliminarily screened by sequence analysis，and DNA aptamers were selected by FCM，laser confocal and immunofluorescence staining. Results：A random ssDNA library was successfully established，and the screening conditions of SELEX were optimized. Specific DNA aptamers for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were obtained after 20 runs’tandem crossed cell-SELEX. Of 100 positive sequenced clones，72 aptamers were identified. Accurate alignment of Blastn implied no similar sequence to the 72 submitted aptamers. Five aptamers were preliminarily screened by sequence analysis，and two aptamers which could bind to breast cancer subtype tissue cells were obtained by optimization experiment. Conclusion：By using the tandem crossed cell -SELEX，DNA aptamers of broad -spectrum combing with clinical breast cancer subtypes can be obtained in a short time，which may be helpful for the targeted drug delivery system of breast cancer.

68 Progress in the assessment of indicators related to nocturnal intermittent hypoxia

XIE Kui , GUO Hua , CUI Xiaochuan

2025(1):91-97,126. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240696

[Abstract](767) [HTML](537) [PDF 1.37 M](1069)

Abstract:
Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disease，the prevalence of which is increasing year by year，and the nocturnal intermittent hypoxia triggered by it is closely related to a variety of adverse health outcomes，therefore，it is a hotspot to search for a simple，reliable and comprehensive index to assess intermittent night hypoxia in recent years. In this paper，we summarized the different evaluation methods of the indexes related to nocturnal intermittent anoxia，including the frequency（oxygen saturation decline index），duration（time when oxygen saturation is below 90% and saturation damage time），and hypoxia amplitude（lowest oxygen saturation，oxygen saturation decline amplitude），etc，and comprehensive assessment indicators such as hypoxic load，hypoxic load index，hypoxic load，and sleep-disordered breathing index，etc.

69 Exercise mitigates aging⁃related diseases by modulating cardiolipin synthesis and remodeling

ZHANG Chenkai , WANG Zhuangzhi , LI Fanghui

2025(1):71-81. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240863

[Abstract](833) [HTML](606) [PDF 1.26 M](1113)

Abstract:
Cardiolipin，a pivotal lipid crucial for sustaining mitochondrial function，undergoes dynamic remodeling to accommodate fluctuating energy demands across both physiological and pathological contexts. Alterations in cardiolipin composition not only serve as indicators of mitochondrial functional states but also are intricately linked to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases，including cardiomyopathy，Parkinson’s disease，and age-related sarcopenia. Notably，exercise plays a crucial role in mitigating the detrimental health impacts of chronic diseases by modulating both the composition and levels of cardiolipin across various tissues. In this review， we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the latest advancements in understanding cardiolipin dynamics during exercise and pathological conditions，highlighting the synergistic interplay between mitochondrial biogenesis and cardiolipin biosynthesis in orchestrating mitochondrial function and accommodating shifts in energy metabolism.

70 Effect of the COVID-19 on detrusor contractility in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

XIAO Ning , XIAO Jinhua , HUANG Hai , TANG Qi , CHEN Dan , HUANG Qiuxia , ZHAO Huasheng , WANG Jianfeng

2025(1):22-28. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240716

[Abstract](766) [HTML](245) [PDF 1.20 M](1085)

Abstract:
Objective：The effect of coronavirus disease-2019（COVID-19）on detrusor contractility in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia（BPH）was investigated using sonography video urodynamics studies（SVUDS）. Methods：The clinical dataset，including general condition，inflammatory indexes，and SVUDS parameters of 124 BPH patients with or without COVID-19 infection admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University and Shaoyang Central Hospital between January and June 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Those patients were divided into the COVID-19（+）（n=51）and COVID-19（-）（n=73）groups according to the results of virus nucleic acid detection，and the differences in general corditions，inflammatory indicators，and SVUDS parameters were compared between two groups. The correlations of inflammatory indexes and non-invasive SVUDS parameters with detrusor contractility in BPH patients of the COVID -19（+）group were analyzed. Results：The serum level of C-reactive protein（CRP）and interleukin（IL）-6 of BPH patients in the COVID-19（+）group were significantly higher than that of the COVID-19（-）group（P < 0.05），whereas no significant differences in age，IL-1β，prostate specific antigen（PSA），free prostate-specific antigen（fPSA），fPSA/ PSA，prostate volume（PV），prostate specific antigen density（PSAD），intravesical prostatic protrusion（IPP），peak flow rate（Qmax）， urethral resistance factor（URA），bladder outlet obstruction index（BOOI），footpoint，and curvature were found between the two groups （P > 0.05）. Significant thicker bladder wall thickness（BWT），larger post -void residual volume（PVR），and lower value of detrusor contractility indexes，including maximum detrusor pressure（Pdet.max），detrusor pressure at peak flow rate（Pdet.Qmax），bladder contractility index（BCI）and maximum Watts factor（WF_max），were observed in BPH patients of the COVID（+）group，compared with those of the COVID（-）group（P <0.05）. The negative correlations between BWT and WF_max（r=-0.313，P=0.036），between PVR and BCI（r=-0.471，P=0.001），and between PVR and WF_max（r=-0.491，P=0.001）were found in BPH patients of the COVID-19（+）group. Conclusion：COVID-19 may aggravate detrusor underactivity in BPH patients，resulting to the increased PVR even urinary retention， which may be one urodynamics features of long-COVID in those BPH patients.

71 Development a nomogram predictive model for axillary lymph node metastasis in lateral quadrant breast cancer based on B⁃ultrasound features

ZHU Meidi , XU Zipeng , HUA Lingling , QIN Fei , FANG Ling , CHEN Chaobo

2025(1):13-21. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240711

[Abstract](858) [HTML](351) [PDF 1.31 M](972)

Abstract:
Objective：To retrospectively analyze the ultrasound features of primary breast tumors and axillary lymph nodes in patients with lateral quadrant breast cancer，and to construct a nomogram model to provide imaging evidence for better clinical assessment of axillary lymph node metastasis in these patients. Methods：We retrospectively analyzed ultrasonographic features of theaxillary lymph nodes and primary breast tumors in 127 patients with lateral quadrant breast cancer，confirmed by pathology at Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi City. Patients with axillary lymph node metastasis were categorized into the positive group（54 cases），while those without axillary lymph node metastasis were classified into the negative group（73 cases）. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify therisk factors for lymph node metastasis. The dataset was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set using the R language. A nomogram prediction model was constructed based on the training set to predict the risk of axillary lymph node metastasis and validated in the validation set. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curves，while calibration curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to assess the consistency between thepredicted and actual values of the nomogram. Results：Tumor spiculated margin（OR=4.16，95% CI：1.25-13.79）and unclear lymphatic gate structure（OR=19.20，95% CI：1.98-186.36）were identified as independent risk factors of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with lateral quadrant breast cancer. Furthermore，a nomogram model was developed to predict axillary lymph node metastasis in lateral quadrant breast cancer cases. The ROC curves howed that the area under the curve （AUC）for the training set was 0.74（95%CI：0.62-0.86）and the AUC for the validation set was 0.73（95%CI：0.62-0.84）. Hosmer-Lemeshow test results indicated no significant deviation from goodness-of-fit for both the training set and validation set with P-values of 0.570 and 0.552，respectively. Conclusion：Ultrasound plays a valuable role in the assessment of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with lateral quadrant breast cancer. The nomogram prediction model based on logistic regression demonstrates good safety， reliability，and practicality for clinical use.

72 Monotropein improves sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and dysfunction by regulating the NF⁃κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway

WANG Qiao , QIANG Jingchao , BIAN Le , ZHAO Panpan , LIU Yi

2025(1):1-12. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240608

[Abstract](1135) [HTML](504) [PDF 5.19 M](1330)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the effect of monotropein（MON）on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury（S-AKI）induced by cecum ligation and puncture（CLP）in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Methods：A total of 90 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a negative control（NC）group，a Sham group，a CLP group，a CLP + MON group，a Sham + MON group，and a CLP + dexamethasone（DEX）group. Drug or equivalent saline was injected intraperitoneally once daily for consecutive five days after CLP. After all mice were euthanized on day 5，serum and kidney tissues were collected for subsequent experiments. Blood urea nitrogen （BUN）and creatinine（CRE）concentrations in the serum were detected by biochemical kits，as well as renal oxidative stress related indicators，such as glutathione（GSH），catalase（CAT），total antioxidant capacity（T -AOC）and malondialdehyde（MDA）levels. The pathological changes of renal tissues were observed by the H&E staining，and the levels of reactive oxygen species（ROS）in renal tissues stained with dihydroethidium（DHE）were observed by laser confocal microscopy. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF- α），interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6 in the serum and kidney tissues were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3（NLRP3）inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa-B（NF-κB）signaling pathway. In addition，lipopolysaccharide（LPS）/adenosine triphosphate（ATP）was used to induce HK-2 cells to establish an in vitro sepsis model. Cell experiments were divided into a NC group，a LPS/ATP group，a LPS/ATP + MON group，a NLRP3^OE + LPS/ATP+MON group and a IKKβ^OE + LPS/ATP+MON group. CCK-8 was used to detect the cell viability，and ELISA was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in HK-2 cells. Results：Compared with the CLP group，the survival rate of mice in the CLP+MON group was significantly increased，the appearance of renal tissues was restored from black to bright red，the serum BUN and CRE levels were significantly decreased，and the abnormal pathological changes of renal tissues with increased inflammatory cells were significantly improved. Compared with the CLP group，the levels of TNF -α，IL -1β，and IL -6 were significantly decreased， GSH，CAT，and T -AOC levels were increased，and MDA and ROS levels were significantly decreased in the MON treatment group. Western blot results showed that compared with the CLP group，the expression levels of NLRP3，Caspase-1，Cleaved-Caspase-1，and p-NF-κB P65 protein in the CLP+MON group decreased significantly，but the expression levels of ihibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B α （IBα）increased significantly. In addition，NLRP3^OE +LPS/ATP+MON group and IKKβ^OE +LPS/ATP+MON group activated NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway，and reversed the inhibitory effect of MON on inflammatory cytokines in the LPS/ATP-stimulated HK-2 cells，compared with the LPS/ATP+MON group. Conclusion：MON reduces the release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to improve mouse S-AKI and dysfunction.

73 Research progresses of vaccine and neutralizing antibody of respiratory syncytial virus

CUI Daixun , YANG Xiaohui , FENG Zhenqing

2024(12):1763-1772. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240399

[Abstract](946) [HTML](908) [PDF 902.84 K](1120)

Abstract:
Respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）mainly causes acute lower respiratory tract infections（ALRTI）in children，which is the main cause of death among children worldwide. At present，symptomatic treatment is the main treatment for RSV in clinical practice，while specific therapeutic drugs are relatively few. Therefore，the research and development of RSV vaccine or antibody drug is urgent and important. At the present stage，two RSV vaccines（Abrysvo and Arexvy）and two RSV monoclonal antibodies （Palivizumab and Nirsevimab）have been released to market，all of which showed good clinical efficacy in specific populations. In this review，the research progress of main vaccine types and neutralizing antibodies of RSV in recent years was reviewed，hoping to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of RSV.

74 Research progress of miRNA-related anti-tuberculosis immune regulation and its potential therapeutic targets

ZHOU Yanyang , XU Ping

2024(12):1745-1754,1762. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240332

[Abstract](833) [HTML](365) [PDF 35.09 M](1429)

Abstract:
MicroRNAs（miRNA）are a class of non -coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression transcriptionally，playing crucial roles in various cellular processes. Increasing investigation indicate that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis（Mtb）infection alters the expression of numerous miRNAs in host cells，thereby influencing downstream pathways involved in immune responses against tuberculosis（TB）. This review summarizes how changes in miRNA levels post Mtb infection regulate autophagy，apoptosis，and inflammatory responses. It highlights that miRNAs may serve as potential therapeutic targets for TB，providing insights for further research and clinical applications of miRNA in TB.

75 Research progress of neuromodulation techniques in diabetic neuropathy intervention

LU Fangzhou , YIN Zhiyang , HU Benhui

2024(12):1735-1744. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240390

[Abstract](1040) [HTML](397) [PDF 10.41 M](1103)

Abstract:
Diabetic neuropathy is the most common chronic complication of diabetes. Currently in the intervention of diabetic neuropathy, the limitations of traditional trearnents are becoming increasingly apparent，while neuromodulation technology is gradually showing great potential，particularly in terms of glycaemic control and symptom relief. This article provides a summary of the research progress in the area of neuromodulation technology for the intervention of diabetic neuropathy，aiming to provide new insights for the study of chronic diabetic complications such as diabetic neuropathy and the clinical application of neuroregulation technology.

76 Alterations in immune status among pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency pre-and post-treatment with PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone

TAN Juan , TANG Yongquan , WANG Huitong , CHEN Guanyu , WANG Yingdan , ZHOU Wendi

2024(12):1696-1701. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240921

[Abstract](987) [HTML](347) [PDF 834.37 K](1190)

Abstract:
Objective：The study aimed to investigate the impact of polyethylene glycol-conjugated recombinant human growth hormone（PEG-rhGH）treatment on immune function in children with growth hormone deficiency（GHD），by analyzing changes in lymphocyte subsets，immunoglobulin levels，and T helper cell（Th1/Th2）cytokines before and after treatment. Methods：Fifty-five children diagnosed with GHD were enrolled as study participants from May 2022 to June 2023 at the Department of Pediatrics of Huai’ an First People’s Hospital and Hongze District People’s Hospital. According to the preferences of the participants，they were allocated into a control group（n=25）and a PEG-rhGH group（n=30）. The control group received guidance on exercise，diet，and sleep，while the PEG-rhGH group received PEG-rhGH treatment in addition to these interventions. Measurements of height，bone age，BMI，insulin-like growth factor -1（IGF -1），lymphocyte subsets，Th1/Th2 cytokines，and immunoglobulin（Ig）levels were conducted at baseline and 3 months post-treatment. The changes in various parameters before and after the intervention were compared. Results：Before treatment，there were no significant differences in the baseline levels of the various indicators between the two groups. After 3 months of treatment，the standard deviation of height，growth rate，and serum IGF-1 level in the PEG-rhGH group significantly increased compared to pre-treatment levels and were notably higher than those in the control group. After treatment，the PEG-rhGH group demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of CD3⁺ ，CD4⁺ and CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ as well as elevated levels of IgA，IgM，and IgG compared to the control group，while the proportion of CD8⁺ cells was notably lower in the PEG-rhGH group than in the control group，There were no significant differences in the proportion of CD19⁺ and CD3^- CD16⁺ CD56⁺ cells between the two groups. Additionally，the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines，interleukin（IL）-2，IL-6，and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）in the PEG-rhGH group were significantly lower after treatment compared to before，and were significantly lower than those in the control group. There were still no significant differences in the levels of IL-4 and interferon-γ（IFN-γ）between the two groups. Conclusion：PEG-rhGH treatment not only improves the height of GHD children but also affects their cellular immunity and humoral immunity.

77 Risk prediction model of IgA nephropathy constructed by glycosylation genes and analysis of immune cell infiltration

CHEN Mengxing , ZONG Huimin , ZHANG Yang

2024(12):1671-1681. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240290

[Abstract](982) [HTML](412) [PDF 70.12 M](1251)

Abstract:
Objective：This study aimed to exploration of glycosylation-related genes and immune infiltration analysis of IgA nephropathy（IgAN）. Methods：IgAN datasets were obtained from the GEO database. Then differentially expressed glycosylation-related genes and functional enrichment analyses were identified. Next，optimal feature genes（OFGs）were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator（LASSO），support vector machine recursive feature elimination（SVM-RFE），and random forest algorithms. The expression of OFGs in IgAN were validated by immunohistochemistry staining，Western blot，and the Nephroseq v5 database. OFGs were further used to create a nomogram model，compare immune cell infiltration and construct a ceRNA network. Results：After screening，three OFGs of ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2，8-sialyltransferase 1（ST8SIA1），chondroitin sulfate synthase 1（CHSY1）and phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase subunit H（PIGH）were first reported. The nomogram model showed that OFGs had good predictive value for IgAN occurrence. Compared to normal samples，IgAN showed increased infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells，naive CD4⁺ T cell，memory activated CD4⁺ T cells，resting dendritic cells，and resting mast cells，while naive B cells，plasma cells，memory resting CD4⁺ T，activated mast cells，and neutrophils were reduced. OFGs were associated with memory activated CD4⁺ T cells，memory resting CD4⁺ T cells，naive CD4⁺ T cell，naive B cells，etc. The validation experiments also revealed that the expression levels of CHSY1 and PIGH were significantly decreased，while the expression level of ST8SIA1 was significantly increased in IgAN compared with minimal change nephropathy. Of note，the expression levels of OFGs in diabetic nephropathy and minimal change nephropathy were not statistically different. A ceRNA network consisting of 117 lncRNAs，67 miRNAs，and 3 OFGs was constructed. Conclusion：ST8SIA1，CHSY1，and PIGH were identified as potential targets for diagnosis and treatment of IgAN. In conjunction with immune cell infiltration and ceRNA network，these results offer a novel perspective for future research on IgAN.

78 Application of mesenchymal stem cell⁃derived exosomes in bone tissure repair

HUANG Jiayan , MEI Yuting , HU Chunmei

2024(11):1590-1598. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240332

[Abstract](881) [HTML](522) [PDF 1.49 M](1029)

Abstract:
Mesenchymal stem cell（MSC）is one of the most significant sources of cell - based therapeutics for bone tissue regeneration. Investigations have demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes can get beyond the restrictions of stem cell transplantation. Exosomes have been demonstrated to stimulate osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation in the bone microenvironment both in vivo and in vitro. Exosomes play as a crucial role in intercellular communication by directly influencing the transcriptional level of their target cells. They carry DNA，mRNA，miRNA，protein，and lipids. The miRNAs are major regulators at various stages of cell differentiation，and modulate physiological and pathological processes through mRNA degradation or translation blockade. MSC - derived exosomes have advanced significantly in bone regeneration and repair recently. This article addresses the formation of MSC - derived exosomes，their application，and possible therapeutic procedures in the restoration of bone tissue defects.

79 Efficacy of laparoscopic microwave ablation for the treatment of focal nodular hyperplasia

XU Chao , FENG Yanzhi , HAN Guoyong , WU Jindao , KONG Lianbao

2024(11):1581-1585. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240521

[Abstract](1188) [HTML](370) [PDF 3.97 M](1088)

Abstract:
Objective：To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic microwave ablation for treating focal nodular hyperplasia （FNH）of the liver. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on FNH patients treated at our center from November 2019 to March 2024. The subjects included 43 patients underwent laparoscopic microwave ablation（ablation group）and 65 patients received surgical resection（resection group）. Key indicators such as operation duration，intraoperative blood loss，postoperative hospital stay， costs，and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results：All procedures in the ablation group were successfully completed，with an average operation duration of（1.1 ± 0.6）h，average intraoperative blood loss of（35.8 ± 6.7）mL， average postoperative hospital stay of（2.9 ± 1.5）d，and average hospitalization costs of（21 257.5 ± 3 059.2）yuan. These indicators were significantly better than those of the resection group. Postoperative complications included fever（4 cases，9.3%），hematuria （1 case，2.3%），and renal insufficiency（1 case with a serum creatinine level of 236 μmol/L，2.3%）. The incidence of postoperative complications showed no significant difference compared to the resection group. Follow - up results indicated that all lesions were completely ablated，with no lesion enlargement or recurrence observed within one -year follow - up period. Conclusion：Laparoscopic microwave ablation for FNH is safe，effective，and economical，and it merits clinical promotion and application.

80 Efficacy analysis of serum endotoxin test in diagnosis and evaluation of brucellosis

MIAO Shuxian , XU Yuqiao , SONG Weijuan

2024(11):1534-1540. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240299

[Abstract](876) [HTML](367) [PDF 1.19 M](863)

Abstract:
Objective：To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis patients，and to explore the diagnostic value of lipopolysaccharide（LPS）testing for brucellosis and the therapeutic effect of LPS combined with blood culture on brucellosis. Methods： A total of 61 clinical patients with brucellosis was collected and divided into the current brucellosis group（n=39）and the brucellosis treatment effective group（n=22），the current brucellosis group consisted of 32 cases in the initial diagnosis group and 7 cases in the treatment ineffective group，twenty healthy subjects were used as the normal control group. The clinical characteristics of the patients were retrospectively analyzed，and LPS content was examined quantitatively. The results of blood culture，rose Bengal plate agglutination test（RBT）and LPS level were analyzed. The positive rates of the three detection methods were compared，and the diagnostic sensitivity，specificity，accuracy，negative/positive predictive values，and the diagnostic efficacy of combined diagnosis were evaluated. Results：Among 39 present patients，and the positive rate of LPS test was 100%，higher than those of blood culture（82.05%） and RBT test（97.44%）. In 22 patients with effective treatment，the blood culture results were all negative. The false positive rates of LPS and RBT tests were 45.45% and 90.91%，respectively. The LPS level in the treatment effective group were significantly lower than those in the initial diagnosis group and the treatment ineffective group，and there was no statistically significant difference compared to the normal control group. The area under curve（AUC）values of blood culture combined with RBT，blood culture combined with LPS， RBT combined with LPS，and the combination of all three were 0.914，0.957，0.779，and 0.959，respectively. Since the AUC value for the combination of all three did not show a significant increase compared to the combination of blood culture with LPS，we choose the combination of blood culture with LPS as the indicator for evaluating the efficacy of brucellosis treatment. Conclusion：LPS detection has a high value in the diagnosis of present brucellosis and the evaluation of therapeutic effect of brucellosis. It can be used for the diagnosis of brucellosis in key population，improve the diagnosis rate and predict the outcome of the disease.

81 Mfat⁃1 transgenic mice participate in the repair of hypoxic ⁃ ischemic brain injury by promoting the proliferation of neural stem cells

LIU Yutong , ZHANG He , CAI Haoran , CHEN Yumu , YANG Haiyuan , WANG Ying

2024(11):1483-1490. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240442

[Abstract](1050) [HTML](356) [PDF 18.13 M](1024)

Abstract:
Objective：To verify whether mfat - 1 transgenic mice participate in the repair of hypoxic - ischemic brain damage by promoting the proliferation of adult neural stem cells. Methods：In vitro experiments，adult neural stem cells from wild-type and mfat-1 transgenic mice were isolated and cultured，subjected to oxygen - glucose deprivation/reoxygenation（OGD/R）modeling，and the proliferation of neural stem cells was assessed；in vivo experiments，mfat - 1 transgenic mice and their littermates were subjected to hypoxic-ischemic brain damage（HIBD）modeling，and the proliferation capacity of adult neural stem cells was evaluated. Results：The mouse HIBD model and the neural stem cell in vitro culture system were established successfully. The proliferation ability of adult neural stem cells derived from mfat - 1 transgenic mice was higher than that from wild - type mice；mfat - 1 transgenic mice showed significantly enhanced proliferation capacity of neural stem cells compared to wild - type mice and displayed better behavioral performance. Conclusion：mfat-1 transgenic mice participate in the repair of HIBD by promoting the proliferation of mouse neural stem cells.

82 Effects of heterozygous deletion of Bmi⁃1 gene on the mouse brain aging

HE Xiaoxin , GAO Junying , GUO Jichao , XIAO Ming

2024(11):1473-1482,1516. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240836

[Abstract](1270) [HTML](390) [PDF 7.70 M](1052)

Abstract:
Objective：B-cell specific moloney leukemia virus insertion site 1（Bmi-1）has been extensively documented for its role in stem cell proliferation and differentiation，but its role in the brain of aged mice remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological role of Bmi-1 in brain aging. Methods：Seventeen-month-old Bmi-1 heterozygous（Bmi-1 ^+/-）mice and wild-type （WT）mice were selected as experimental subjects. Behavioral testing，immunohistochemistry，and Masson staining techniques were used to compared the overall health status and long-term memory abilities of Bmi-1 ^+/- mice with WT mice. HE staining，electron microscopy，and Western blot were emplyed to investigate the potential effects of Bmi-1 gene haploinsufficiency on the brain aging in mice. Results：Compared with the WT mice，Bmi-1 ^+/- mice showed a diminished long-term spatial memory function（P ＜ 0.05）， accompanied by a reduction in neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus（DG，P ＜ 0.05），a decrease in neuronal numbers（P ＜ 0.05），and a reduction in the grey matter volume（P ＜ 0.05）. Further studies revealed that compared with the WT mice，Bmi-1^+/- mice exhibited enlarged and swollen mitochondria in DG neurons，with an increased proportion of reduced mitochondrial cristae（P ＜ 0.05）， and a significant increase in the number of lipofuscin in the cytoplasm of DG neurons（P ＜ 0.05）. Additionally，the expression levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins，such as NADH dehydrogenase（ubiquinone）flavoprotein 2（NDUFV2）and NADH dehydrogenase（ubiquinone）ferrithionein 3（NDUFS3），were down-regulated in the DG region of Bmi-1^+/- mice（P ＜ 0.05），and the key catalytic enzyme dihydrolipoyl S-succinyltransferase（DLST）in the tricarboxylic acid cycle was also significantly down-regulated（P ＜ 0.01）. Meanwhile，among the cell cycle factors regulated by Bmi -1，the cyclin -dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and oncoprotein p53 were significantly up-regulated（P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion：Half dose deletion of the Bmi-1 gene inhibits the generation of new neurons in the hippocampal region of aged mice，leading to a specific reduction in the volume of the hippocampal DG region and impairments in long -term memory function. The underlying mechanism may be related to the abnormal expression of aging-related proteins p27 and p53，as well as neuronal mitochondrial degeneration.

83 Application of ARIMA model based on paired test in the prediction of hepatitis A incidence in China

DING Yong , ZHANG Beibei , WU Jing

2024(10):1456-1461. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240080

[Abstract](639) [HTML](352) [PDF 1.11 M](1166)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the application of autoregressive integrated moving average（ARIMA）model based on paired test in predicting the incidence of hepatitis A in China，and put forward a new idea and method for evaluating the prediction effect of time series model. Methods：An ARIMA model was established for the monthly incidence of hepatitis A infectious diseases in China from January 2004 to December 2021，and the monthly incidence of hepatitis A infectious diseases from January to August 2022 was predicted. The prediction effect of the model was evaluated by paired t-test and error analysis. Results：The results of paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the monthly incidence of hepatitis A predicted by ARIMA（1，1， 0）（0，1，1）₁₂ model and the actual monthly incidence of hepatitis A（P ＞ 0.05），indicating that the model had good prediction ability，and the mean relative error and standard deviation of the prediction results were 3.86% and 3.25%. Conclusion：ARIMA product season model can accurately predict the incidence trend of hepatitis A in China. The paired test provides an objective basis for evaluating the prediction effect of time series model，and solves the problem of evaluating the prediction effect of time series model well.

84 Adipose ⁃ derived extracellular vesicles regulation in diabetic heart ischemia ⁃ reperfusion injury

JI Haibin , DU Junjie

2024(10):1419-1427,1455. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240474

[Abstract](784) [HTML](354) [PDF 2.02 M](1267)

Abstract:
Ischemic heart disease stands as the primary cause of mortality among diabetic patients. Despite advancements in vascular reconstruction and thrombolytic therapy that restore myocardial blood flow，these patients often experience poor cardiac function recovery and a higher mortality rate. This makes myocardial ischemia/reperfusion（I/R）injury a significant therapeutic challenge. Researches indicate that，under diabetic or obese conditions，adipocytes release extracellular vesicles（EVs）containing a variety of biomolecules，including RNA，proteins，adipocytokines，and mitochondria. These EVs play a pivotal role in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis. Importantly，adipocyte - derived EVs facilitate communication with diabetic hearts and play a regulatory role in myocardial I/R injury. This review summarizes recent studies on the modulatory effects of adipocyte -derived EVs on diabetic myocardial I/R injury，highlighting potential underlying mechanisms.

85 Research progress on the interplay between the autonomic nervous system and cancer

LI Feiyang , XU Pengfei , LI Dake

2024(10):1408-1418. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240434

[Abstract](905) [HTML](753) [PDF 1.06 M](1367)

Abstract:
More and more studies have shown that the autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in the development of various cancers. Cancer cells secrete various neuroactive molecules，including neurotrophic factors，chemokines，neural cell adhesion molecules，and axon guidance molecules，to alter the tumor microenvironment and recruit surrounding autonomic nerves to the tumor tossies. Alternatively，cancer cells reprogram sympathetic nerves or promote the migration of neural progenitor cells into the tumor tissues to differentiate into sympathetic nerves，thus increasing autonomic innervation. Moreover，cancer cells act on nerve fibers through exosomes，promoting peripheral nerve infiltration. The interactions among various substances in the tumor microenvironment create a suitable environment for the occurrence of perineural infiltration. During this process，the sympathetic nervous system promotes cancer progression and poses challenges to antitumor therapy by enhancing chemotherapy resistance. In contrast，the parasympathetic nervous system exhibits both tumor-promoting and antitumor properties. Therefore，this review primarily summarizes the interactions between cancer and the autonomic nervous system，as well as the role of neuroactive molecules in cancer progression， and proposes potential nervous system-related antitumor treatment strategies.

86 The clinical value of the collapse angle of F ⁃ V curve in the diagnosis and treatment of COPD patients

LI Ping , WANG Shiqi , NI Aijun , CHEN Youhua , DING Wenqiu , SONG Wei , SUN Peili

2024(10):1369-1376. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240616

[Abstract](842) [HTML](312) [PDF 1.09 M](1145)

Abstract:
Objective：To study the clinical value of the collapse angle of flow - volume（F - V）curve in assessment of clinical phenotype and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）patients. Methods：A total of 101 subjects who underwent pulmonary function tests from December 2021 to December 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were selected for this study. Subjects in the angle group were 33 stable COPD patients with collapse angle of F -V curve. The non -angle group including 38 cases of stable COPD patients without collapse angle，who matched with the angle group in forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of predicted value（FEV₁%pred）. The control group including 30 subjects without previous cardiopulmonary disease and had normal lung function. Basic information，clinical symptom scores（CAT score，mMRC score），pulmonary function parameters and daily exercise finger pulse oxygen parameters were collected and compared among the groups. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with the collapse angle of F-V curve. The predictive value of the collapse angle of F - V curve for acute exacerbation of COPD within one year of follow - up was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. Results：Pulmonary function was severely impaired in the angle group，with FEV₁ and forced vital capacity （FVC）of 0.91±0.24 and 2.11±0.63，respectively. CAT score，mMRC score，and ΔSpO₂ of the angle group were higher than those of the non-angle group and the control group. SpO_2L of the angle group after walking exercise was lower than that of the non-angle group and the control group（P ＜ 0.05）. CAT score ≥12，mMRC score ≥2，and ΔSpO₂≥13% were main related factors of the emergence of the collapse angle of F-V curve. The area under the ROC curve of the collapse angle of F-V curve for predicting the acute exacerbation of COPD was 0.777. The sensitivity and specificity of prediction were the best when the angle was ＜129.1°，which were 72.73% and 67.35%，respectively. Conclusion：When the collapse angle of F-V curve appears in patients with COPD，their lung function is often severely impaired. They are more prone to post-activity hypoxemia and acute exacerbations. Therefore，attention should be paid to the presence of the collapse angle of F -V curve in the pulmonary function report of COPD，in order to recognize the high - risk group of COPD as early as possible.

87 Activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by leptin promotes MCM senescence of mouse cardiomyocytes

PENG Mingyu , LIU Qianying , SHEN Dandan , LÜ Hongxiang

2024(10):1337-1343. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240432

[Abstract](956) [HTML](480) [PDF 1.21 M](1210)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the role and regulation mechanism of leptin in senescence of mouse cardiomyocytes（MCM）. Methods：The mRNA expression levels of senescence related indicators p16，p21，and senescence-associated secretory phenotype （SASP）in leptin stimulated MCM were examined by qPCR；the protein expressions of p16，p21，γ-H2AX，PI3K，AKT，p-PI3K，and p-AKT were detected by Western blot；the senescence of MCM was detected by β-galactosidase staining. PI3K inhibitor（LY294002） was pretreated for 2 h and then stimulated with leptin，the mRNA and protein levels of p16 and p21 were detected by qPCR and Western blot；the mRNA levels of SASP were examined by qPCR；MCM senescence was detected by β-galactosidase staining. Results： In MCM stimulated by leptin，the mRNA and protein levels of p16 and p21，as well as the protein level of γ-H2AX increased，the mRNA levels of SASP[（interleukin，IL）-1β，tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α、IL-6，monocyte chemoattractant protein（MCP）-1]were up -regulated，the phosphorylation levels of proteins in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway increased；and β-galactosidase staining showed the senescence of MCM. When pretreated with PI3K inhibitor for 2 h，the mRNA and protein levels of p16 and p21，as well as the protein level of γ-H2AX were down-regulated，and the expressions of SASP mRNA were down-regulated，the senescence of MCM was alleviated. Conclusion：Leptin regulates the progression of MCM senescence by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and promoting SASP（IL-1β，TNF-α，IL-6 and MCP-1）secretion.

88 Research progress of lncRNA SNHG20 in malignant tumors

ZHANG Qinqiu , MA Li , WANG Zhaoxia

2024(9):1283-1291. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240407

[Abstract](593) [HTML](340) [PDF 866.99 K](1279)

Abstract:
Long non-coding RNA（lncRNA）is a class of non-coding RNA molecules with a length of more than 200nt. Numerous studies have reported their significant roles in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. In recent years，nultiple studies have highlighted the high expression of small nucleolar RNA host gene 20（SNHG20），a type of lncRNA，in various carcinomas such as lung cancer，liver cancer，and gastric cancer. SNHG20 has been shown to promote tumor cell proliferation，migration，invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT），inhibit apoptosis，affect cell cycle progression，and correlate with poor prognosis in patients. As a recognized oncogene，lncRNA SNHG20 is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in malignant tumors. In this article，we summarize relevant research reports around the world，and review the research progress of lncRNA SNHG20 in malignant tumors.

89 Study on rs⁃fMRI in different degrees of obesity children aged 7-15 years based on ReHo

LI Qian , WANG Xin , YANG Ming

2024(9):1257-1261. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240511

[Abstract](2516) [HTML](428) [PDF 17.08 M](1375)

Abstract:
Objective：To observe the features of brain regional homogeneity（ReHo）in children with different degrees of obesity aged 7-15 years by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging（rs-fMRI）. Methods：Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 35 cases obesity children（OB），20 cases obesity children with metabolic syndrome（MS），and 24 cases healthy children（HC）. The data were analyzed，and ReHo differences among the three groups were compared. Then the correlation between the different brain regions and clinical data was analyzed. Results：Compared with HC group，the ReHo values of right fusiform gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus in OB group and MS group were higher. The ReHo values of right medial superior frontal gyrus and left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus decreased. Compared with OB group，the ReHo value of left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus in MS group was lower. The ReHo values of left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with alanine aminotransferase（ALT）and aspartate aminotransferase（AST）（r=-0.350，P=0.009；r=-0.294，P=0.029）. Conclusion：Obese children have abnormal functional activity in brain areas such as participating in feeding regulation and inhibitory control，and the abnormal activity in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus is associated with the degree of obesity，which may provide imaging evidence for early intervention and treatment.

90 A study on the value of dynamic changes of serum CA125 and HE4 in predicting the progression⁃free survival time of high⁃grade serous ovarian carcinoma

HE Lewei , WANG Chong , YANG Shimin , ZHANG Chunxiao , XI Xiaowei

2024(9):1207-1216. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN230894

[Abstract](921) [HTML](464) [PDF 19.07 M](1661)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the dynamic changes of serum carbohydrate antigen 125（CA125）and human epididymal protein 4（HE4）levels before and after surgery and during chemotherapy，and their relationship with progression-free survival（PFS） and platinum sensitivity in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on serum CA125 and HE4 levels before surgery，before chemotherapy，and at least twice during chemotherapy in standardized treated patients with ovarian cancer in the gynecologic oncology department of the First People’s Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Data on platinum drug sensitivity and PFS were collected. The main statistical methods included chi-square test，t-test， logistic regression analysis，and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results：The analysis of 117 patients with high -grade serous ovarian cancer suggested that CA125 and HE4 positivity were associated with higher stage，greater ascites volume， unsatisfactory surgical debulking，and positive ascites cytology. Cox regression analysis verified that both CA125 and HE4 are prognostic risk factors（OR=4.29，P=0.010；OR=1.77，P=0.049）. Patients with both CA125 and HE4 positive and those with only CA125 positive showed no significant difference in prognosis（P ＞ 0.05）. The half-life of CA125 and HE4 were calculated using the formula t_1/2=t₁/ [ 2×lg（c₁/c₂）]. The optimal cut-offs for preoperative and postoperative CA125 and HE4，and the half-life of CA125 and HE4 were determined by X-tile and were 436 U/L，400 pmol/L，12 U/L，35 pmol/L，21 days，and 25 days，respectively. The prognostic analysis showed that except for the lowest value of HE4，all other factors were related to prognosis. The highest HR value was 3.28 for CA125 half -life ＞21 days，with a decrease of 57.5% in median PFS（P ＜ 0.001）. The area under the curve（AUC）was calculated by plotting the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. ROC curve analysis showed that CA125 half-life ＞21 days （AUC=0.76），CA125 lowest value ＞12 U/L（AUC=0.70），and failure of CA125 to return to normal after the third cycle of chemotherapy（AUC=0.71）have certain clinical value for predicting recurrence within three years，with sensitivities of 71.8%，68.3%， and 68.2%，and specificities of 79.6%，71.7%，and 72.6%，respectively. Conclusion：CA125 half -life，the lowest value of CA125 during chemotherapy，CA125 not returning to normal after the third cycle of chemotherapy，and having≥2 positive indicators among the 6 indicators have certain clinical value in predicting recurrence within 3 years. Further exploration is needed to assess their value in predicting platinum sensitivity.

91 Construction and evaluation of a recombinant adenovirus regulated by the DF3/MUC1 promoter for circulating tumor cell detection

WANG Cheng , GU Huihui , XUAN Liang , ZHENG Qin , ZHU Chuandong , XU Hanfeng , TONG Jinlong , WANG Lixue

2024(9):1190-1197,1226. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240297

[Abstract](931) [HTML](310) [PDF 78.97 M](1473)

Abstract:
Objective：To construct a recombinant adenovirus（Ad-DF3-copGFP）containing the DF3/MUC1 promoter transcriptional regulatory sequence and green fluorescent protein（GFP）and to investigate its role in the detection of circulating tumor cells（CTC）. Methods：A recombinant adenovirus（Ad-DF3-copGFP）was prepared and purified. Comparative studies were conducted with a previously constructed and stored recombinant adenovirus（Ad-hTERT-copGFP）in our laboratory. Infection efficiency and non-specific infection rates were evaluated by infecting lung adenocarcinoma A549 and H1299 cells，as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC）from healthy individuals. A549 cells were artificially added to healthy peripheral blood to simulate CTC，and the infection with both recombinant viruses was used to detect simulate CTC for detection rate determination. The Ad-DF3-copGFP and Ad-hTERT-copGFP methods were used to detect CTC in clinical samples from lung cancer patients，and the initial clinical CTC detection performance was evaluated. Results：The recombinant adenovirus（Ad -DF3-copGFP）was successfully constructed，showing a high infection efficiency for both A549 and H1299 cells. Compared with Ad-hTERT-copGFP，Ad-DF3-copGFP showed a lower non-specific infection rate（P ＜ 0.001）. The overall detection rate using the Ad-DF3-copGFP method（77.3%）was higher than that using the Ad-hTERT-copGFP method（69.6%）. In clinical CTC detection，the number of CTC detected by the Ad-DF3-copGFP method[（10.90± 2.42）cells per 4 mL]was significantly higher than that by the Ad-hTERT-copGFP method[（6.20±1.81）cells per 4 mL，P ＜ 0.001]. Conclusion：The recombinant adenovirus（Ad-DF3-copGFP）is successfully constructed，demonstrating a reliable and efficient detection of CTC，thus providing a new method for CTC detection.

92 A plasma discrimination model for color changing ink based on improved U⁃Net

ZHANG Hanwen , CAO Weijuan , LUO Gangyin , JIANG Hao , QIU Xiang , XU Jie , SHI Rongrong , ZHENG Ran

2024(9):1179-1189. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN231104

[Abstract](1022) [HTML](304) [PDF 137.87 M](1606)

Abstract:
Objective：Due to inconsistent subjective assessment criteria and excessively long calculation responses，there is a high risk of mistakenly discarding suspected hemolytic plasma and inappropriately discarding suspected non - hemolytic plasma during plasma preparation，posing significant risks to patient safety and leading to waste. This study aims to resolue these problems. Methods： A thresholding method that integrates deep learning with color-changing ink concepts was developed. By employing an enhanced U-Net architecture for image segmentation，the study introduces an advanced attention mechanism，batch normalization，and a padding module to tackle issues such as mean estimation bias，computational inefficiencies，and limited receptive field sizes in spatial mapping relationships. The model was validated and compared using a self-collected sample dataset. Results：This study employed the color-changing ink boundary method for classification，enhancing the computational efficiency of plasma discrimination and reducing discrimination time，while ensuring the accuracy of plasma sample identification. The accuracy rate of the experimental results is 99.52%. Conclusion：The results indicate that the plasma discrimination accuracy of this model is superior to other discrimination models，and it is expected to be applied in clinical practice.

93 Research progress on the role of nitric oxide in neuropsychiatric diseases

PEI Tongxin , ZHANG Kezhong , LU Yan

2024(8):1155-1164. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240282

[Abstract](705) [HTML](768) [PDF 1.10 M](2016)

Abstract:
As a kind of gas signaling molecules，nitric oxide（NO）is involved in the regulation of diverse physiological functions. In the central nervous system，physiological concentrations of NO participate in maintaining physiological neuropsychiatric functions， whereas high concentrations of NO are neurotoxic，which promote several neuropsychiatric diseases through a wide variety of pathological processes. This review discusses the metabolism and functions of NO in the central nervous system. Taking Alzheimer’s disease，Parkinson’s disease，multiple sclerosis，depression and autism spectrum disorder as examples，the relationship and pathogenic mechanism of NO with neurodegenerative diseases，neuroinflammatory diseases，mental disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders are described，which provides ideas and impetus for further development of pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic drugs.

94 Analysis of the trend of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2022

CHEN Ziying , LIU Xin , LIU Wendong , SHEN Wenqi , WU Ying , SHI Yingying , HU Jianli

2024(8):1146-1154. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN231105

[Abstract](1437) [HTML](480) [PDF 1.18 M](1723)

Abstract:
Objective：To analyze the epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious disease in Jiangsu Province，and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control efforts. Methods：Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trends，and space -time permutation scan was employed for spatiotemporal cluster detection and exploration. Results：From 2004 to 2022，a total of 3 641 emergencies were reported，with 131 880 cases and 73 deaths. There were 1 868 emergencies involving 25 notifiable infectious diseases，including 76 Class A，391 Class B，and 1 401 Class C diseases. Additionally，1 773 emergencies of 8 other non-notifiable infectious diseases were involved. Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that the number of emergencies in Jiangsu Province showed an increasing trend[average APC（AAPC）=16.28，P ＜ 0.05）]. Class A showed a declining trend since 2006 （AAPC =-18.23，P ＜ 0.05），while Class B，Class C，and others exhibited increasing trends（AAPC＞0，P ＜ 0.05）. Emergencies in Southern of Jiangsu，Middle of jiangsu，and Northern of Jiangsu all showed increasing trend（AAPC＞0，P ＜ 0.05）. In Southern of Jiangsu，the trend was characterized by 4 stages：rapid increase，slow increase，rapid increase，and decrease. In Middle of Jiangsu， Emergencies showed a monotonic increase. In Northern of Jiangsu，the trend was characterized by 4 stages：increase，slow decrease，rapid increase，and decrease. 2006，2015，and 2018 were major turning points. 8 space-time clusters were detected，sequentially distributed in midde of Jiangsu + Southern of Jiangsu，Northern of Jiangsu，Southern of Jiangsu，and Southern of Jiangsu+Northern of Jiangsu. Conclusion：In Jiangsu Province，infectious disease emergencies showed increasing trends，with clusters in southern and northern regions and relatively scattered in middle region. Priority areas need to focus on monitoring and controlling key diseases such as chickenpox，influenza，and hand foot and mouth disease（HFMD）.

95 A comparative study of ultrasound and genetic prenatal diagnosis in 106 NT⁃thickened fetuses

WANG Yongmei , WU Yun , WU Lijun , ZHANG Qinxin

2024(8):1076-1081. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240218

[Abstract](518) [HTML](511) [PDF 3.86 M](1595)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the clinical value of prenatal ultrasound in suggesting thickening of the nuchal translucency（NT） in fetuses and to compare it with the results of genetic prenatal diagnosis. Methods：The results of ultrasound and genetic prenatal diagnosis of 106 fetuses with thickening of the NT were compared and analyzed（all fetuses were subjected to chromosomal microarray analysis，with whole - exome sequencing in four cases and SMN1 gene testing in one case），and pregnancy outcomes were followed. Results：A total of 44 cases（41.51%）of genetic abnormalities and 2 cases of copy number variants of unknown clinical significance were identified. These genetic abnormalities included 39 cases of chromosomal abnormalities（34 cases of aneuploidy abnormalities and 5 cases of pathogenic copy number variants）and 5 cases of genetic abnormalities（all pathogenic or suspected pathogenic variants）. The incidence of genetic abnormalities increased significantly with increasing thickness of the NT. In addition，38（86.36%）of 44 fetuses with genetic abnormalities were combined with other ultrasound abnormalities，with the highest percentage of nasal bone dysplasia. Conclusion：When thickened NT is detected in fetuses，chromosomal abnormalities，especially aneuploidy，should be considered first. The thickened NT is also associated with copy number variations and certain monogenic inherited diseases. For fetuses with thickened NT and negative chromosome microarray analysis，comprehensive consideration including ultrasound and family history may warrant the whole-exome sequencing.

96 Study of atorvastatin induced ferroptosis in MIN6 cells and its related mechanisms

WEI Qianying , CHEN Xin , QIN Yao , LI Yuxiao , QIN Lu , ZHANG Mei

2024(8):1044-1050. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240215

[Abstract](640) [HTML](494) [PDF 3.08 M](1609)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore whether atorvastatin（Ator）can induce ferroptosis in pancreatic β- cell line MIN6 cells and its possible mechanism. Methods：MIN6 cells were divided into control group，Ator group，Ator+apoptosis inhibitor（Z-VAD-FMK）group， Ator+necrostatin-1（Nec-1）group and Ator+ferrostatin-1（Fer-1）group. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） method. The ultrastructure of cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The levels of reactive oxygen species（ROS）and Fe²⁺ were observed by fluorescence microscopy. The contents of malondialdehyde（MDA）and glutathione（GSH）were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）method. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of caspase-3， receptor-interacting protein kinase 3（Ripk3），acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4（Acsl4），prostaglandin endoperoxidase synthase 2（Ptgs2）and glutathione peroxidase 4（Gpx4）. Western blot was used to detect the proteins levels of 4-hydroxynonenal （4-HNE）and GPX4. Results：Compared with the Ator group，cell viability of MIN6 was higher in Ator+Z-VAD-FMK group and Ator+ Fer -1 group（P ＜ 0.01）. MIN6 cells，which were treated with Ator，exhibited the characteristic morphologic features associated with apoptosis，ferroptosis and autophagy under transmission electron microscopy. Compared with the control group，the levels of the intracellular Fe²⁺ ，MDA and ROS in the Ator group were increased and GSH was decreased. The mRNA relative expression levels of caspase-3，Acsl4 and Ptgs2 were increased，as well as the protein relative expression level of 4-HNE（all P ＜ 0.05）. The mRNA and protein relative expression levels of GPX4 were decreased（P ＜ 0.05）. Compared with the Ator group，the levels of the intracellular Fe²⁺ ，MDA and ROS in the Ator+Fer-1 group were decreased and GSH was increased. The mRNA relative expression level of Acsl4 was decreased and Gpx4 was increased（all P ＜ 0.05）. The protein relative expression levels of 4-HNE was decreased and GPX4 was increased，though the changes were not statistically significant. Conclusion：Atorvastatin may induce ferroptosis in MIN6 cells by down-regulating GPX4 expression through inhibiting mevalonate pathway.

97 Construction and characterization of nanomicelle carriers composed of fluorinated polyethyleneimine derivatives and their role in delivery across the blood⁃brain barrier

GUO Xiaotang , LU Xiyuan , LI Juxue

2024(8):1035-1043. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240414

[Abstract](623) [HTML](600) [PDF 8.12 M](1692)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the construction，characterization，and role of nanomicelles composed of fluorinated polyethyleneimine（PEI）derivatives in gene delivery across the blood-brain barrier（BBB）. Methods：PEI-heptafluorobutyric anhydride （HFAA）was synthesized through a chemical reaction between PEI and HFAA，followed by amide reaction with sinapic acid（SA）to obtain PEI-HFAA-SA（referred as SPF）. Finally，PEI-HFAA-SA@PS80（referred as SPFT）was obtained by encapsulating polysorbitol 80（PS80）within SPF. The molecular bonds and elemental composition of SPFT were analyzed using Fourier transformation infrared absorption spectroscopy，fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR），and hydrogen NMR spectroscopy. The hydrodynamic particle size，plasmid adsorption and protection capacity，stability and morphology of the carrier-plasmid complex were further characterized by dynamic light scattering experiments，agarose coagulation experiments and scanning electron microscopy observations，respectively. The gene transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of SPFT were investigated in mouse glioma cell line Neuro 2a. SPFT carrying green fluoresant protein expression plasmid was injected into C57BL/6J mice by tail vein to observe its distribution in brain tissues and the effect of gene transfection within the BBB. Results：SA and HFAA were modified to synthesize SFPT，which was then wrapped in PS80. SPFT had a hydrodynamic particle size of 100 to 200 nm while exhibiting significant loading capacity for plasmids along with effective protection against degradation. In vitro experiments revealed that SPFT possessed excellent transfection ability and biocompatibility. In vivo experiments showed that SPFT accumulated in the brain successfully and crossed the BBB to deliver the gene effectively after tail vein injection into mice. Conclusion：SPFT exhibits a good biocompatibility and demonstrates an efficient gene delivery across the BBB，presenting a novel approach for drug administration in neurological disorders.

98 Research progress and clinical significance on radiotherapy of subventricular zone for glioblastoma

GUO Lining , DING Yuxuan , WANG Lijun

2024(7):1018-1024. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN231114

[Abstract](276) [HTML](388) [PDF 821.33 K](1726)

Abstract:
Glioblastoma（GBM）is the most common and malignant brain tumor in adults. The subventricular zone（SVZ），as the most concentrated site of adult neural stem cells，may be the potential source of glioblastoma stem cells. Studies have shown that SVZ plays an important role in the occurrence，development，recurrence and metastasis of the disease，and SVZ involvement can be used as a adverse prognostic marker in GBM patients. Therefore，SVZ may be a target for radiotherapy in patients with GBM. Moreover，SVZ radiotherapy can improve the prognosis of GBM，but there have been many contradictory research results in recent years. In order to explore the clinical value of SVZ，it is necessary to discuss the latest research progress between SVZ and radiotherapy. This review summarizes the relevant theoretical basis research，lists and evaluates the existing clinical evidence，and explores the value of SVZ radiotherapy.

99 Research progress on gene⁃editing technology of intestinal organoids

ZHOU Yin , YU Jing , DING Guoxian

2024(7):979-984. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240242

[Abstract](1313) [HTML](768) [PDF 801.39 K](2166)

Abstract:
Intestinal organoid is a new experimental model and is widely used in research on intestinal diseases and functional changes for its property in mimicking structures and functions of in vivo organs. In recent years，researchers have combined gene-editing technology with intestinal organoids，offering possibilities for elucidating the mechanisms of diseases and developing targeted therapies for these diseases. This review looks back on the applications of gene-editing in intestinal organoids and their future perspectives in disease modeling and drug development.

100 Analysis of anti ⁃ retroviral efficacy and influencing factors in HBV/HIV co ⁃ infection in Nantong City

PAN Yiru , QIU Tao , MA Ping , ZHOU Xiaoyi , DING Ping , CHEN Yanjun , JIANG Jie , HE Chu , QIAN Jiao , KONG Quan , ZOU Meiyin , ZHAI Xiangjun

2024(7):972-978. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240070

[Abstract](2892) [HTML](508) [PDF 849.08 K](1657)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the current situation and characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）/hepatitis B virus（HBV）co-infection among HIV-infected individuals，as well as to analyze the effectiveness of anti-retroviral therapy（ART）and its influencing factors for HIV/HBV co-infected patients. Methods：The study selected newly diagnosed HIV patients in Nantong City from January，2016，to December，2021，as the research subjects. Based on the results of hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg）testing， the patients were categorized into two groups：an HIV mono-infection group（1 830 cases）and an HIV/HBV co-infection group （135 cases）. The study compared the HIV infection characteristics of the two groups before ART，analyzed the virological suppression and CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count changes after ART therapy，and evaluated the improvement of immune function and its influencing factors. Results：HIV/HBV co-infection led to more severe immune impairment of the patients before ART than those in the HIV mono-infection group. After receiving ART，both the HIV mono-infection group and the HIV/HBV co-infection group showed a gradual increase in CD4⁺ T count，and the virological suppression rate was over 90% in both groups after two years of ART. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the increasing age at ART initiation，initial CD4⁺ T count < 200 cells/μL，and initial HIV RNA ≥4.5［lg（copies/mL）］were risk factors for immune reconstitution. There was also an increasing trend in the rate of favorable immune reconstitution with a prolonged treatment time. Co-infection with HBV exacerbated immune impairment in HIV-infected individuals before ART，which may affect immune reconstitution. Conclusion：HBV infection can worsen immune damage in HIV-infected individuals. The current ART strategy for HIV/HBV co-infection effectively suppresses dual infection and benefits immune reconstitution in HIV/HBV co-infection. However，there are insufficiencies in ART and efficacy monitoring in patient management， highlighting the need for further standardization of clinical diagnosis and treatment activities.