Recommended articles

1 Gestational diabetes mellitus and skeletal development in offspring: evidence synthesis and mechanistic perspectives

ZHU Mengfei , SHI Zhonghua , LIU Zhiwei

2026(8):1246-1257. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNS20260539

[Abstract](32) [HTML](23) [PDF 4.52 M](63)

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic complication of pregnancy and may influence offspring skeletal development through intrauterine metabolic programming. Available evidence links GDM exposure to altered early linear growth, abnormal bone mass accrual or bone quality, increased fracture risk in later life, and a higher probability of selected skeletal congenital anomalies. However, results from different studies are inconsistent, and it is not yet possible to simply infer a direct causal relationship between GDM and the above skeletal outcomes. A mechanistic sequence can be proposed in which maternal metabolic load initiates placental-interface remodeling, modifies the fetal bone microenvironment, and shifts skeletal developmental programs. The intensity, duration, and timing of intrauterine hyperglycemia may affect mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic-adipogenic balance, growth-plate chondrocyte maturation, osteoblast mineralization, and bone remodeling through mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, insulin/ insulin like growth factor (IGF)-axis disturbance, Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling imbalance, impaired placental calcium-phosphate transport, and epigenetic remodeling. Thus, the skeletal impact of GDM is more likely to follow a dynamic pattern characterized by early disruption, partial compensation, and residual risk rather than by a fixed reduction in bone density. Future studies should integrate maternal glycemic trajectories, placental multi-omics, cord-blood bone metabolic markers, offspring bone microarchitecture, and fracture outcomes to develop bone-oriented risk stratification and intervention strategies.

2 Advances in metabolomics research on endometriosis

LIU Feiran , MAO Yundong , DIAO Feiyang

2026(8):1228-1245. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNS260122

[Abstract](31) [HTML](27) [PDF 4.98 M](69)

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Endometriosis(EMS), a chronic estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder, affects 0.7%-8.6% of women in the general population and 9.0%-68.0% of those with subfertility, making it a leading cause of secondary infertility. The etiology of EMS is complex, and its clinical manifestations are diverse. EMS remains challenging to diagnose early in a noninvasive manner through conventional methods, with diagnostic delay averaging 8.6 years. Advances in detection technologies and bioinformatics have enabled metabolomics to serve as a powerful tool for biomarker discovery and mechanistic investigation of disease pathogenesis. Metabolomics analyses have identified multiple metabolic abnormalities in EMS patients, including dysregulation of carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, providing novel insights into disease mechanisms. This review comprehensively examines recent metabolomics research related to EMS pathophysiology, clinical features, noninvasive diagnostics, staging, therapeutic strategies, and risk factors, while critically evaluating methodological limitations. We highlight the clinical translational potential of metabolomics technology and multi-omics integration approaches, offering new perspectives to advance mechanistic understanding of EMS, facilitate development of early noninvasive diagnostic methods, and identify novel therapeutic targets.

3 Construction and in vitro evaluation of a multifunctional antibacterial hydrogel dressing based on OPA-mediated ternary condensation

SHEN Shibin , YAN Meijun , WANG Xing , TANG Guoke

2026(8):1175-1186. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNS260281

[Abstract](29) [HTML](18) [PDF 165.27 M](58)

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Objective: This study aimed to develop an antibiotic-free, multifunctional antibacterial hydrogel dressing that integrates rapid gelation, robust tissue adhesion, controllable self-degradation, fluorescence-enabled visualization, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and to systematically evaluate its in vitro performance. Methods: An ultrafast in situ-forming isoindole-crosslinked hydrogel dressing, designated OSN, was fabricated through a ternary condensation reaction initiated by mixing precursor solutions of o-phthalaldehyde(OPA), four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) thiol(tetra-PEG-SH), and four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) amine (tetra-PEG-NH₂). By varying the molar ratio of OPA to the two polymer precursors (0.5:1:1, 1:1:1, and 2:1:1), three hydrogels, denoted OSN-1, OSN-2, and OSN-3, were prepared. Their gelation behavior, microstructure, mechanical properties, self-degradation profile, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity were systematically characterized using scanning electron microscopy, rheological analysis, mechanical testing, UV-visible/fluorescence spectroscopy, cell-based assays (including CCK-8, live/dead staining, and scratch wound assays) and antibacterial evaluations (including colony counting, scanning electron microscopy, biofilm staining and flow cytometry). Results: The OSN hydrogels formed rapidly in situ within 10 s and exhibited a homogeneous three-dimensional network architecture. Increasing the OPA content accelerated gelation and imparted self-degradable behavior to the hydrogel matrix, with OSN-3 undergoing complete degradation within 24 h. The hydrogels demonstrated favorable tissue-adhesive strength, together with good biocompatibility. They also promoted the migration of L929 fibroblasts and exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, effectively disrupting bacterial biofilms. In addition, degradation of the hydrogel was accompanied by attenuation and eventual disappearance of blue fluorescence, attributable to cleavage of the isoindole ring, indicating the potential for fluorescence-based visualization of the degradation process. Conclusion: This study successfully developed an antibiotic-free antibacterial OSN hydrogel dressing based on OPA-mediated ternary condensation. The resulting dressing combines injectability, rapid gelation, strong tissue adhesion, controllable self-degradation, fluorescence-enabled visualization, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, while maintaining good biocompatibility. These findings provide a novel and promising strategy for the development of antibiotic-free intelligent wound-management strategies.

4 The current situation and future of AI robot technology in the treatment of colorectal cancer: technological innovation and clinical transformation

HU Xiaofeng , WANG Yifei , WANG Feng

2026(8):1154-1164. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNS250905

[Abstract](25) [HTML](18) [PDF 592.65 K](51)

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Robotic surgical systems integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, as a frontier product at the intersection of intelligent surgery and biomedical engineering, are reshaping the technological paradigm of colorectal cancer treatment. These systems incorporate high-precision robotic arms, multimodal image recognition, real-time decision-making algorithms, and knowledge transfer learning mechanisms, demonstrating advantages in critical procedures such as lymphadenectomy, anastomotic construction, and nerve preservation within the confined pelvic cavity. Compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery, AI-integrated robotic systems can achieve an operating precision of 0.5-1.0 mm, an intraoperative lymph node recognition accuracy of 98.7%, and a 15%-20% increase in the number of lymph nodes dissected. The incidence of anastomotic leakage decreases by approximately 2-3 percentage points (from 5.4% to 1.9% ), while mean intraoperative blood loss is reduced by 50-80 mL, significantly lower than the 90-120 mL typically observed in laparoscopic procedures. In recent years, driven by the rapid evolution of robotic platforms and the deep integration of technologies such as 5G remote communication, digital twins, and reinforcement learning, colorectal cancer robotic surgery systems are progressing toward higher levels of intelligence, individualization, and remote collaboration. Nevertheless, key challenges remain in clinical implementation, including the lack of tactile feedback, delays in multimodal data fusion, unclear regulatory pathways, and insufficient medical-engineering collaborative frameworks. This review systematically summarizes the developmental trajectory, clinical advantages, core technical bottlenecks, and future directions of AI-integrated robotic systems in colorectal surgery, with particular emphasis on their value in intelligent perception, intraoperative coordination, remote surgery, and clinical translation pathways. The aim is to provide interdisciplinary theoretical foundations and practical references for surgeons, engineering researchers, and healthcare policymakers.

5 The added value of Copenhagen index to O-RADS and IOTA simple rules in the diagnosis of adnexal masses

JIANG Yongling , ZHOU Jian , CHEN Lijuan , LI Ao , HU Yu

2026(8):1131-1136. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNS251443

[Abstract](35) [HTML](19) [PDF 5.95 M](64)

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Objective:To explore the added value of the Copenhagen index(CPH-I) in the diagnosis of adnexal masses with ovarian-adnexal reports and data systems (O-RADS) and the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) simple rules. Methods:The ultrasound images of 179 adnexal masses confirmed by pathological results were analyzed retrospectively in the First People's Hospital of Chuzhou,Anhui from October 2023 to October 2025. The O-RADS classification and IOTA simple rule were used for classification evaluation respectively,and CPH-I of each patient was calculated. Using pathological results as the gold standard,the optimal cutoff value for each diagnostic method was obtained by Youden index. The diagnostic efficacy of the two ultrasound models alone and in combination with CPH-I was compared. The diagnostic efficacy of O-RADS 4 masses and IOTA uncertain masses combined with CPH-I was calculated,too. Delong test was used to compare the area under the curve(AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve for each model.Results:The optimal cutoff value for O-RADS diagnosis was O-RADS 4 tumors,the optimal cutoff value for IOTA simple rule diagnosis was uncertain masses,and the optimal cutoff value for CPH-I diagnosis was −2.165. The AUC values of O-RADS,IOTA simple rules,and CPH-I for the diagnosis of adnexal masses were 0.866,0.926 and 0.886,respectively. The AUC values of the two ultrasound models combined with CPH-I were 0.861 and 0.902,respectively. When CPH-I was applied separately to O-RADS 4 masses and IOTA uncertain masses,the AUC were 0.933 and 0.941,respectively,which were higher than those of O-RADS and IOTA simple rules alone(P=0.022,P=0.562). Conclusion:CPH-I has good added value to O-RADS and IOTA simple rules in diagnosing adnexal masses,especially when applied to O-RADS 4 masses and IOTA uncertain masses,which were with the best diagnostic performance.

6 Application of targeted immunotherapy combined with or without TACE/radiotherapy in the conversion therapy for intermediate-to- advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

LAN Xin , HAN Guoyong , WU Jindao

2026(8):1-1121. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNS260532

[Abstract](37) [HTML](34) [PDF 26.56 M](62)

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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of targeted therapy plus immunotherapy ± transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)/radiotherapy for conversion therapy in initially unresectable intermediate-to-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer(BCLC) stage B/C HCC treated with targeted therapy and immunotherapy;19 received concurrent TACE,and 4 received radiotherapy among them. The evaluation indicators include objective response rate(ORR),microscopic margin-negative(R0) resection rate and safety. Results:The overall ORR and the disease control rate were 55% and 85%,respectively. Four patients(20%) successfully underwent R0 resection,with 2 achieving major pathological response. The incidence of grade ≥3 adverse events was 20%,primarily immune-related liver injury. At a median follow-up of 18.3 months,3 of the 4 resected patients remained recurrence-free 12 months post-surgery. Conclusion:The multimodal approach centered on targeted combined immunotherapy has a significant ability to downstage advanced HCC. The R0 resection rate is 20%,and the pathological remission is remarkable with controllable safety.

7 Immunotherapy advances in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities

YING Wanting , SUN Zhengxu , QU Xiaoyan

2026, 46(7):1092-1103. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN260002

[Abstract](727) [HTML](50) [PDF 25.38 M](128)

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Multiple myeloma(MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by high heterogeneity in both its clinical presentation and biological behavior. The prognosis for patients with MM is closely associated with the presence or absence of high-risk cytogenetic abnormality(HRCA). In recent years, although the widespread application of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs in MM has significantly improved survival, high-risk patients with HRCA continue to face challenges such as drug resistance, early disease progression, and poor prognosis. The exploration and optimization of treatment strategies for these patients remain a clinical challenge. In the relapsed or refractory disease state, the choice of subsequent treatment is crucial for high-risk patients. With the advent of the immunotherapy era in MM treatment, the continuous emergence of new drugs has brought hope to patients. This article focuses on patients with relapsed or refractory MM accompanied by HRCA, reviewing the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells in these patients, aiming to explore optimal treatment strategies and provide guidance for clinical decision-making.

8 From structured reporting to intelligent grading: research advances in the integration of artificial intelligence and ACR-RADS

HUANG Runqiu , XU Feijia , LIU Yuhong , FENG Yuqi , ZENG Jinhui , LIANG Dingbang , ZHOU Chun , WANG Yang

2026, 46(7):1083-1091. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251492

[Abstract](761) [HTML](36) [PDF 4.40 M](142)

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The reporting and data systems(RADS),established by the American College of Radiology(ACR),serve as structured risk-stratification frameworks designed to mitigate subjectivity and enhance consistency in radiological interpretation. Despite their widespread adoption,RADS still face methodological challenges in real-world practice,including limited inter-observer consistency,insufficient feature quantification,and suboptimal cross-center reproducibility. In recent years,the evolution of artificial intelligence(AI),particularly large language models(LLMs),has offered novel pathways to address these limitations. This paper systematically reviews the structural characteristics and practical constraints of major RADS frameworks and synthesizes empirical progress regarding AI in lesion identification,risk re-stratification,and workflow standardization. Current evidence suggests that AI is best positioned as an "augmentative layer" for RADS to bolster objectivity and reproducibility. Furthermore,this article explores the potential of LLMs in semantic understanding,automated reasoning,and quality control,while projecting the evolution of human-computer collaboration from a regulatory perspective. This trend holds significant implications for promoting the homogenization of diagnostic imaging,empowering primary healthcare services,and establishing intelligent regulatory systems in China.

9 From data integration to clinical translation: a review of machine learning applications in depression diagnosis

GAO Zixiang , LI Xiang , ZHANG Xin , QIAN Zhaojun , JI Zihui , ZHU Lixuan , XU Yichu , CHEN Yali , GE Feifei

2026(7):1011-1019. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN260333

[Abstract](58) [HTML](35) [PDF 4.52 M](126)

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Depression is characterized by an insidious onset and marked symptom heterogeneity. Current diagnostic practice still mainly relies predominantly on clinical interviews and rating scales, which are constrained by substantial subjectivity, limited capacity for early identification, and insufficient performance in subtype differentiation and prognostic evaluation. With the growing availability of objective data, including neuroimaging, electroencephalography, speech and digital behavioral features, clinical scales, and multi-omics profiles, machine learning has opened new avenues for the objective identification of depression. Focusing on this central issue, the present review summarizes recent advances in the application of machine learning to neuroimaging and other unimodal objective data, further discusses the integrative value of multimodal data in the diagnosis, subtyping, disease-course assessment, and treatment-response prediction of depression, and provides a systematic overview of common fusion strategies, model interpretability, and issues related to clinical translation.

10 The mechanism of 3-hydroxykynurenine in the depression-like changes induced by bisphenol F in mice and the intervention effect of leucine

WU Yuxuan , YUAN Wenjie , WEI Yimin , FAN Yunwen , LIU Jianjia , WANG Jun

2026(7):963-972. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN260263

[Abstract](593) [HTML](49) [PDF 62.29 M](142)

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Objective: To explore the role and mechanism of 3-hydroxy-kynurenine(3-HK), a key neurotoxic metabolite in the kynurenine pathway, in bisphenol F(BPF)-induced depressive-like changes in mice and evaluate the intervention effect of leucine by intervening this pathway, thereby providing experimental evidence for identifying potential intervention targets. Methods: The BPF exposure mouse model was established to investigate its neurotoxic effects, and the depression-like behaviors were assessed through behavioral tests such as the tail-suspension test, forced swimming test, and open-field test. Concurrently, the levels of depression-related neurotransmitters, including 3-HK, 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), and kynurenine were measured in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Alterations in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-gamma(IFN-γ) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β), as well as kynurenine 3-monooxygenase(KMO), were also detected. Furthermore, a leucine combined intervention group was established to assess whether BPF-induced depression-like behaviors improved, with additional measurements of neurotransmitter levels, pro-inflammatory factors, and KMO expression. The role of 3-HK in BPF-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation in primary neurons was investigated using a fluorescent probe assay. Results: BPF exposure induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. While 5-HT levels in the hippocampus and cortex showed no significant change, the content of kynurenine was markedly reduced. BPF exposure significantly increased the expression levels of KMO in the hippocampus and cortex, and promoted the accumulation of 3-HK, which facilitated the production of pro-inflammatory factors such as IFN-γ and IL-1β by activating the inflammatory pathway. Leucine intervention alleviated BPF-induced depressive-like behavior, significantly reversing the abnormal expression of KMO and pro-inflammatory factors, and notably reducing 3-HK levels, though other neurotransmitter levels remained largely unchanged. Meanwhile, competitive inhibition of 3-HK transport or inhibition of KMO significantly reversed the ROS caused by BPF. Conclusion: BPF exposure upregulates KMO expression in the hippocampus and cortex, leading to abnormal accumulation of 3-HK, which subsequently triggers excessive ROS generation and neuroinflammation. These pathological changes may collectively contribute to neural damage and depression-like behaviors. In contrast, leucine inhibits this metabolic shift, alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby mitigating depression-like behaviors.

11 The effect of JNK-induced upregulation of HOXB4 gene expression on the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells

CAO Dandan , NI Siqi , WANG Yingwei , QIU Wen , ZHAO Chenhui

2026(7):953-962. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN260081

[Abstract](720) [HTML](36) [PDF 12.18 M](136)

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Objective: To investigate the expression of homeobox gene B4(HOXB4) in glioma tissues and cells, as well as its effects on glioma cell proliferation and invasion, and to explore the upstream regulatory mechanisms of HOXB4 expression. Methods: Based on the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database, the expression level of HOXB4 in glioma tissues and its correlation with patient prognosis were analyzed. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect HOXB4 expression in U251, U373, and U87 glioma cell lines. The effects of HOXB4 overexpression and silencing on the proliferation and invasion of U87 and U251 cells were assessed using CCK-8 and Transwell assays. U87 cells were treated with inhibitors of AMPK, p38 MAPK, and JNK. The expression of HOXB4 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The cell proliferation and invasion levels were examined by CCK-8 and Transwell assays. HOXB4 was overexpressed in U87 cells in the presence of a JNK inhibitor, and the HOXB4 expression, cell proliferation and invasion were determined by RT-PCR, Western blot, CCK-8, and Transwell assays. Results: HOXB4 was highly expressed in glioma tissues and was associated with tumor malignancy and poor patient prognosis. HOXB4 was expressed in U251, U373, and U87 cell lines, with the highest expression in U87 cells. Overexpression of HOXB4 obviously enhanced the proliferation and invasion of U87 and U251 cells, whereas silencing HOXB4 markedly inhibited these phenotypes. JNK inhibitor significantly downregulated HOXB4 expression in U87 cells, whereas AMPK inhibitor and p38 MAPK inhibitor had no significant effect. JNK inhibitor attenuated the proliferation and invasion of U87 cells, and HOXB4 overexpression antagonized these effects. Conclusion: JNK activation upregulates HOXB4 expression in glioma cells, thereby promoting cell proliferation and invasion.

12 Application of artificial intelligence in drug delivery

DING Yan , LI Xiaolin , XU Hua’e

2026(6):911-918. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN260204

[Abstract](733) [HTML](64) [PDF 899.89 K](329)

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is driving the paradigm shift of modern drug delivery systems towards intelligence and precision. To address the challenges of long cycles, high costs, and insufficient targeting in traditional research and development, this article systematically reviews the empowering role of AI technology throughout the entire drug delivery chain. By analyzing application examples of AI technologies such as machine learning and deep learning in the development of various dosage forms (including traditional dosage forms, sustained-release systems, microspheres/microcapsules, nanocarriers, and 3D-printed formulations), the article elucidates the significant advantages of AI models in predicting drug release behavior, optimizing formulation design, intelligently identifying formulation defects, and achieving personalized drug delivery. The article points out that despite challenges such as data quality and model interpretability, AI has undoubtedly become the core driving force propelling drug delivery towards the era of intelligent response and precision medicine, demonstrating immense potential in the field of pharmaceutical research and development transformation.

13 Association between infant visual acuity and neurodevelopment at three years of age: a prospective cohort study

QU Yue , JIANG Mengting , LÜ Hong , JIANG Yangqian , JIANG Tao , LIN Yuan , DU Jiangbo , LI Jiong

2026(6):885-893. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN260412

[Abstract](811) [HTML](60) [PDF 842.11 K](433)

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Objective:To explore the association between infant visual acuity and neurodevelopment at 3 years of age. Methods:We employed a prospective cohort study design. A total of 1 122 children from 1 096 families enrolled in the Jiangsu Birth Cohort between August 2016 and June 2019 were included. At 1 year of age, visual acuity was measured using the Teller Acuity Card Ⅱ. At 3 years of age, neurodevelopmental status was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Version Ⅲ Screening Test, covering five domains: cognition, receptive communication, expressive communication, fine motor, and gross motor. Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between infant visual acuity and neurodevelopment at 3 years of age. Results:Among the 1 122 children, 94 (8.4% ) showed abnormal visual acuity. The prevalence of noncompetent neurodevelopment across five domains ranged from 3.5% to 10.3%. Compared with the group with normal visual acuity in infancy, the group with abnormal visual acuity had a 96% increased risk of being noncompetent development in gross motor domain at age 3 (RR=1.96, 95% CI 1.03- 3.70). This association remained stable after excluding twins, preterm infants, low birth weight infants and children conceived via assisted reproductive technology. Conclusion:Abnormal visual acuity in infancy was associated with an increased risk of being noncompetent in gross motor development at 3 years of age.

14 Lipidomics analysis of childhood obesity comorbid with central precocious puberty

CHEN Guanyu , ZHANG Zekai , GONG Yuan , JIANG Ting , LIU Jin , TANG Yongquan , ZHOU Wendi

2026(6):864-872. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN260112

[Abstract](812) [HTML](47) [PDF 1.86 M](481)

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Objective: This study employed lipidomics analysis to systematically screen potential biomarkers of childhood obesity comorbid with central precocious puberty (CO-CPP), and explored the feasibility of combining these biomarkers with disease-related clinical indicators to provide new evidence for early identification and warning of CO-CPP. Methods: A total of 20 obese female children aged 6 to 8 years who first visited the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2024 and June 2025 were enrolled. They were divided into the CO-CPP group (n=10) and the comorbidity of childhood obesity comorbid with peripheral precocious puberty (CO-PPP) group (n=10) based on the presence of central precocious puberty (CPP) or peripheral precocious puberty (PPP). General clinical data were compared between the two groups, and serum samples were collected for non-targeted lipidomics analysis. Differential lipids were screened using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and a combined predictive model was constructed with clinical indicators via binary logistic regression, followed by further combined ROC analysis. Results: Lipidomics analysis identified 42 lipid molecules with significant differences. Among them, the expression of ceramide (Cer) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were up-regulated, while the expression of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was down-regulated. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC for predicting CO-CPP by Cer, PC, and PE alone was 0.810, 0.798, and 0.834, respectively, all of which showed good discriminative efficacy (all P < 0.05). The AUC of the combined prediction model of Cer and the basal level of luteinizing hormone (LH) was 0.970. Conclusion: In girls with CPP, the expressions of Cer and PC, the key lipids associated with pubertal development, are up-regulated, while the expression of PE is down-regulated. These lipids may serve as potential biological markers for CPP. The discriminative efficacy of Cer combined with basal LH is superior to that of single lipid indicators, showing good potential for clinical application.

15 SMOC2 drives hypoxia-induced phenotypic switching in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells

ZHU Tianfan , CHEN Feng , HUANG Huijie

2026(6):820-831. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN260249

[Abstract](813) [HTML](72) [PDF 1.81 M](488)

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Objective:To investigate whether secreted modular calcium-binding protein 2(SMOC2) participates in miR-125a/miR-150-mediated phenotypic switching of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) in pulmonary hypertnesion (PH). Methods:Human lung tissues and lung sections were collected from pulmonary hypertension(PH) patients and healthy controls. PH animal models were established in mice exposed to chronic hypoxia and in rats treated with SU5416 combined with chronic hypoxia. SMOC2 expression levels in lung tissues from PH patients, mice, and rats were assessed by Western blot, while its cellular localization was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Human PASMC were transfected with SMOC2 siRNA and miRNA mimics, or treated with recombinant SMOC2 protein. PASMC proliferation and migration were evaluated using EdU incorporation and wound healing assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assays was performed to validate SMOC2 as a direct target of miR-125a/miR-150. Results:SMOC2 expression was significantly upregulated in the lung tissues fromhuman and animal PH samples, thus in hypoxic PASMC. Inhibition of SMOC2 attenuated proliferation, migration, and phenotype switching in PASMC, whereas treatment with recombinant SMOC2 protein promoted PASMC proliferation and migration. miR-125a and miR-150 recognized and inhibted SMOC2 mRNA translation in PASMC. miR-125a and miR-150 mimics inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation and phenotype switch of PASMC. Conclusion:miR-125a/miR-150 regulate hypoxia-induced PASMC phenotypic switching by directly targeting SMOC2, providing a potential therapeutic target for PH treatment.

16 Progress and prospects of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in liver metastases

SUN Qing , LIANG Di , HE Jian

2026(6):799-808. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251477

[Abstract](925) [HTML](66) [PDF 870.61 K](494)

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The liver is a common site for tumor metastases. Liver metastases often occur secondary to malignancies including colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer, accounting for nearly 25% of all cancer metastases, and the 1-year survival rate for all patients with liver metastases is 15.1%. Early diagnosis and precise treatment are crucial for improving patient prognosis. As an imaging technique that combines functional metabolism with anatomical structure, ¹⁸F-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose(¹⁸F-FDG)PET/CT plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning of liver metastases. This article reviews recent advances in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT research on liver metastases, including its applications in diagnosis, differential diagnosis, pre-treatment evaluation, efficacy assessment, and prognosis prediction; its advantages and disadvantages in comparative imaging; new technological developments such as delayed imaging and image optimization; diagnostic pitfalls in certain diseases; and its role in guiding radiotherapy. Finally, it summarizes the application of artificial intelligence technology in the diagnosis and treatment of liver metastases and provides prospects on the future development directions of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in this field.

17 Research progress on antibody profiles and influencing factors of respiratory syncytial virus(subtype A/B) in populations

LU Senwei , PENG Honghong , SHI Chao

2026, 46(5):771-779. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251018

[Abstract](157) [HTML](108) [PDF 543.08 K](563)

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a serious threat to the health of infants, young children, and the elderly, and there are currently no specific antiviral drugs or ideal vaccines available. The virus is divided into two subtypes, A and B, which differ antigenically and exhibit periodic epidemic patterns. The prefusion (pre-F) protein is a key target for vaccine development, and the level of antibodies it induces is closely related to immune protection. Children generally exhibit higher antibody levels, whereas infants and the elderly tend to have lower levels. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control measures have altered the epidemiological pattern of RSV, leading to a widespread decline in population antibody levels. However, the overall distribution of antibodies in the post-pandemic era remains unclear. Neutralizing antibodies serve as an important indicator for evaluating protective efficacy, but current detection methods still face limitations in terms of throughput, standardization, and accuracy. Most current research focuses on antibody responses following vaccination, which have been shown to exhibit subtype cross-reactivity and dynamic changes. However, understanding of the patterns of neutralizing antibody changes after natural infection remains limited. Additionally, there is insufficient research on the factors influencing antibody levels and their short-term dynamics before and after epidemic seasons. This review summarizes recent advances in immune research on the RSV pre-F protein, characteristics of population antibody levels and their influencing factors, and evaluation of neutralizing antibody detection methods. It also discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV epidemic patterns and population immunity, as well as current challenges related to antibody persistence, detection standardization, and all-age serological studies.

18 The role of amino acid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis and clinical significance of coronary heart disease

CUI Ruyuan , REN Qiongdi , ZHU Mingjun

2026, 46(5):725-738. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251206

[Abstract](138) [HTML](110) [PDF 3.33 M](583)

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Given the close association between amino acid metabolism disorders and the occurrence and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD), this article aims to systematically summarize the correlations, mechanisms of action, and clinical application prospects of relevant amino acid metabolic abnormalities with CHD. A systematic review approach was adopted to analyze the role of metabolic abnormalities of homocysteine, branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and other amino acids in CHD-related pathological processes. Meanwhile, the potential impacts of amino acid metabolites and gut microbiota on CHD were explored. Multiple amino acid metabolic abnormalities were confirmed to be associated with CHD risk, which influence disease progression by participating in pathological processes such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Amino acid metabolism indicators have shown promising clinical application potential in CHD risk prediction, auxiliary diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention. Despite existing contradictions and limitations in current research, amino acid metabolism disorders, as a new target for CHD prevention and treatment, hold clinical value and research potential, providing a new direction for cardiovascular disease research.

19 Efficacy of acyclovir in children with infectious mononucleosis across different age groups: a propensity score matching analysis

CHENG Shan , JIANG Chengye , LIU Hao

2026, 46(5):717-724. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN260243

[Abstract](655) [HTML](115) [PDF 451.96 K](537)

Abstract:
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of acyclovir in treating infectious mononucleosis (IM) among children of different age groups using propensity score matching (PSM) method. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included hospitalized children diagnosed with IM at the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2018 and December 2023. Patients were categorized into three age groups according to the age: the infancy and early childhood group(<3 years), preschool group(4-6 years), and school-age group(7-13 years). According to whether acyclovir was administered, patients were divided into an antiviral group and a control group. After balancing baseline confounding factors by the PSM method, the differences in prognostic indicators between the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 733 children with IM were enrolled, with a mean age of(4.78 ± 0.51)years old. The most common manifestations included cervical lymphadenopathy (96.0%), fever(86.6%), hepatomegaly(75.6%), splenomegaly(72.6%), pharyngitis(68.9%), and eyelid edema(57.4%). Before PSM, there were statistically significant differences in fever, pharyngitis, hepatosplenomegaly, white blood cell count, proportion of atypical lymphocytes, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio and plasma EBV-DNA load among children of different age groups(all P < 0.05). After PSM, 46 pairs in the infancy and early childhood group, 58 pairs in the preschool group and 30 pairs in the school-age group were successfully matched(all P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the antiviral group in the infant infancy and early childhood group had longer time required for the resolution of pharyngitis, the reduction of white blood cell count to <10×10⁹/L, but shorter time required for the decrease of plasma EBV-DNA load to < 500 copies/mL(all P < 0.05); the antiviral group in the preschool group had longer time required for temperature recovery and pharyngitis resolution, but shorter time required for the reduction of serum alanine transaminase(ALT)to < 40 U/L and plasma EBV-DNA load to < 500 copies/mL(all P < 0.05); the antiviral group in the school-age group had longer hospital stay and time required for temperature recovery(all P < 0.05). At 30 days after treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the recovery of splenomegaly among all age groups between the two groups. Conclusion: Acyclovir therapy may accelerate viral clearance and promote liver function recovery in infants and preschool children with IM, but it does not significantly improve clinical symptoms or overall disease course. Its clinical benefit appears to be age-dependent.

20 Comparison of two sequencing technologies for molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma

ZHANG Zhicong , QI Xiaoyu , MA Zhifang , XU Min , GU Yun

2026(5):644-651. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250792

[Abstract](661) [HTML](198) [PDF 570.10 K](486)

Abstract:
Objective: To explore the application value of immunohistochemistry (IHC) combined with Sanger sequencing versus next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methods: Clinical data of 123 patients with EC between October 2019 and June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 48 cases were classified using IHC combined with Sanger sequencing, and 75 cases were classified using NGS technology. The molecular classification results of the two groups were compared. Additionally, 10 representative samples covering the four molecular subtypes, POLE ultramutated(POLEmut), mismatch repair deficiency(dMMR), no specific molecular profile(NSMP), and p53 abnormal(p53abn), with varying clinical stages and histological grades were selected for a comparative analysis of the results obtained from IHC combined with Sanger sequencing and NGS. Results: Among the 123 EC patients, 12(9.7%) were POLEmut, 31(25.2% ) were dMMR, 67(54.5% ) were NSMP, and 13 (10.6%) were p53abn. Of the 48 cases assessed by IHC combined with Sanger sequencing, 1(2.1% ) was POLEmut, 12(25.0%) were dMMR, 29(60.4%) were NSMP, and 6(12.5%) were p53abn. Among the 75 cases assessed by NGS, 11(14.7%) were POLEmut, 19 (25.3%) were dMMR, 38(50.7%) were NSMP, and 7(9.3%) were p53abn. The validation experiment on 10 samples showed that IHC combined with Sanger sequencing and NGS yielded completely consistent results in detecting POLE mutations and microsatellite status. However, IHC had a 10% (1/10) missed detection rate for aberrant p53 expression. Conclusion: IHC combined with Sanger sequencing and NGS show good consistency in the molecular classification of EC. Nevertheless, NGS offers advantages in detecting POLE mutations and complex subtypes, contributing to improved classification accuracy and reduced risk of clinical misjudgment.

21 Analysis of the impact of endometrial thickness in intrauterine artificial insemination (IUI) cycles on pregnancy outcomes

LU Feifei , HUANG Chenyang , XING Jun

2026(5):637-643. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN260131

[Abstract](1029) [HTML](91) [PDF 422.42 K](570)

Abstract:
Objective: To explore the correlation between endometrial thickness in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles and clinical pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 4 764 cycles of intrauterine sperm IUI in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from 2016 to 2022. Based on the different endometrial thicknesses monitored by transvaginal ultrasound on the day of ovulation induction with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the IUI cycles were divided into two groups: the endometrial thickness < 8 mm group (n=395) and the endometrial thickness ≥8 mm group (n=4 369). Differences in clinical pregnancy outcomes between the two groups were analyzed. Furthermore, a propensity score matching method was employed for a secondary analysis to control the influence of confounding variables, and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate the effect of endometrial thickness on clinical pregnancy outcomes. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in body mass index (BMI), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), duration of infertility, number of IUI cycles, IUI protocols, number of IUI, or total number of progressive motility (PR) sperm (all P > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the type of infertility between the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the endometrial thickness < 8 mm group, the group with endometrial thickness ≥ 8 mm had a lower average age for both the female and male patients, and significantly higher levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) (all P < 0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in the IUI cycles with endometrial thickness ≥ 8 mm were higher than those in the < 8 mm group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the early spontaneous abortion rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). After propensity score matching, endometrial thickness was found to have a significant effect on the live birth rate of IUI(P < 0.05). Univariate analysis indicated that factors such as female age, male age, female BMI, basal FSH, AMH, AFC, duration of infertility, endometrial thickness, and total number of PR sperm were significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of IUI(all P < 0.05). After adjusting for the significant confounding factors identified in the univariate analysis (except for basal FSH), multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that endometrial thickness was not significantly associated with clinical pregnancy (OR=1.933, 95%CI: 0.929-4.022, P=0.078) or live birth (OR=1.838, 95%CI: 0.850-3.971, P=0.122). Conclusion: The endometrial thickness during the IUI cycle does not affect the clinical pregnancy outcome. The predictive value of endometrial thickness as a single ultrasound indicator in the IUI population is limited. Clinical decisions should comprehensively consider factors such as age, ovarian function, sperm factors, and uterine cavity factors. The decision on whether to cancel or terminate IUI should not be made solely based on endometrial thickness. However, when it comes to IUI cycles with too low endometrial thickness, clinical decisions still need to be made with caution.

22 Diagnostic efficiency of HSG imaging features and clinical characteristics in diagnosing intrauterine adhesions

LIU Ting , DU Ziwei , XU Wenjian , LU Jingyuan , LI Xiuling

2026(5):629-636. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250754

[Abstract](861) [HTML](81) [PDF 3.83 M](607)

Abstract:
Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of the imaging features of hysterosalpingography (HSG) combined with clinical factors for intrauterine adhesions(IUA), and to evaluate its diagnostic performance in different types of IUA. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with suspected IUA who underwent diagnostic HSG at the Department of Intervention Radiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, between January 2019 and October 2024, and subsequently completed hysteroscopy. This cohort included 282 patients suspected of IUA (including 164 with preoperative three-dimensional ultrasound data). Univariate analysis was conducted to evaluate HSG imaging features, including the number and location of filling defects, tubal occlusion, and uterine cavity morphology, as well as clinical characteristics such as history of intrauterine procedures, abortion count, and menstrual flow reduction, etc. Variables demonstrating statistical significance (P < 0.05) were subsequently included in multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic and classification value of combined HSG imaging features and clinical factors for IUA. This value was further compared with that of three-dimensional ultrasound. Results: Hysteroscopy confirmed IUA in 251 cases (89.0%), who were further categorized according to the American Fertility Society (AFS) classification system into no IUA (n=31), mild IUA (n=64), moderate IUA (n=129), and severe IUA (n=58). The predictive factors of clinical features including induced abortion and imaging features including uterine filling defect were screened. For the diagnosis of IUA, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) was 0.920, with a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 80.7%. The AUC values for diagnosing mild IUA and severe IUA were 0.704 and 0.786, respectively, with sensitivities of 46.9% and 77.6%, and specificities of 87.6% and 65.2%. In comparison, three-dimensional ultrasound has shown a sensitivity of 81.4% and a specificity of 68.4% for diagnosing IUA. Conclusion: The combination of HSG imaging features and clinical features through multi-parameter indicators can effectively diagnose IUA and demonstrate good discriminatory efficacy for distinguishing between mild and severe IUA, and serves as a reliable tool for non-invasive screening while providing a basis for clinical stratified management.

23 Classification and grading recognition of gastric cancer pathological images based on convolutional neural networks

WU Bangyu , WANG Zhixiao , XIANG Jingxuan , SUN Li , MA Ling

2026, 46(4):520-532. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250368

[Abstract](842) [HTML](128) [PDF 1.58 M](510)

Abstract:
Objective：To establish classification and grading models for gastric cancer pathological sections based on deep learning technology，and to evaluate the performance of these models. Methods：Classification and grading datasets for gastric cancer and noncancerous tissues were collected from public online resources. Data augmentation was performed，and the dataset were divided into training，validation，and test sets. In the initial stage，17 convolutional neural network（CNN）architectures were constructed，and the initial training parameters were uniformly set to train these 17 models for the classification of gastric cancer and non-cancerous tissues. After training，the recognition accuracy on the test set and the training time were used as evaluation indicators to comprehensively assess the efficacy of different model architectures. Based on these indicators，the optimal architecture was selected for further optimization and training to construct the gastric cancer classification model. After the completion of the classification model，the gastric cancer grading model was built based on the foundation of the classification model. During the training of the gastric cancer grading model，17 grading networks were trained，and suitable base models were selected according to performance indicators. After the base model was determined，voting and stacking methods were applied for ensemble learning and compared with single models to explore the impact of ensemble learning on performance improvement and to construct the gastric cancer grading model. Results：In the training of the gastric cancer classification model，the Xception network was selected as the final classification model after comparison. After parameter adjustment and training，the final gastric cancer classification model achieved an accuracy of 98.13%， sensitivity of 98.11%，specificity of 98.11%，F1 score of 98.12%，and AUC of 0.998 on the test set. In the training of the gastric cancer grading model，the stacking method represented by random forest showed significant improvement compared to the voting method represented by hard voting. The ensemble model based on random forest was selected as the final grading model，with an accuracy of 95.06%，sensitivity of 94.77%，specificity of 98.36%，and F1 score of 94.82%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic （ROC - AUC）curve values were 0.999 for benign，0.981 for poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma，0.990 for moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma，and 0.995 for well - differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Conclusion：Both models demonstrated excellent recognition performance，proving the feasibility of using CNN to achieve high - precision classification and grading of gastric tumor pathological images. The transfer-learning and ensemble-learning framework was successfully applied to the grading of gastric tumor images and holds promise for integration into hospital intelligent diagnostic assistance systems.

24 Mechanism and research progress of amino acid metabolic disorders in post ⁃ stroke cognitive impairment

REN Qiongdi , SU Kaiqi , ZHANG Ming

2026(4):499-511. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251352

[Abstract](718) [HTML](122) [PDF 1.03 M](589)

Abstract:
Post - stroke cognitive impairment（PSCI），as a common and highly disabling complication following stroke，not only severely impairs patients’quality of life but also significantly increases the risk of stroke recurrence and mortality. In the exploration of its pathogenesis，amino acid metabolic disorder has gradually been recognized as one of the key pathophysiological factors. Against this backdrop，this paper systematically reviews the research progress on major amino acid metabolic disorders in the core pathogenesis of PSCI in recent years，covering their underlying mechanisms，potential as biomarkers，and relevant interventional strategies，while highlighting their critical roles in neuroinflammation，oxidative stress，neurotransmitter imbalance，and other related aspects. These studies help deepen the understanding of the pathological mechanisms of PSCI，and also provide new insights and tools for early diagnosis，precise treatment，and prognostic evaluation of the disease，thus holding important clinical significance and potential application value.

25 The utilization of human induced pluripotent stem cells and brain organoid technologies in Huntington’s disease research

CHEN Xingyi , LIU Yan , YOU Weiyan

2026(4):489-498. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250919

[Abstract](541) [HTML](109) [PDF 992.01 K](516)

Abstract:
Huntington’s disease（HD）is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by the abnormal CAG repeat expansion in the Huntingtin（HTT）gene. It is clinically characterized by choreiform movements，progressive cognitive impairments，and psychiatric symptoms，with no cure currently available. Although the research based on traditional animal models and human tissues has revealed key pathological features such as mutant HTT protein aggregation and selective striatal neuron loss，significant limitations remain in understanding human - specific disease mechanisms. The development of human induced pluripotent stem cell（hiPSC）and brain organoid technology has enabled the construction of human - specific HD models，providing revolutionary platforms for elucidating pathological mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the developmental trajectories of both HD patient -derived induced pluripotent stem cell（HD -iPSC）and human brain organoid technology，highlights the research findings and significance of HD - iPSC - derived cells，various brain organoids，and assembloids in HD research，and discusses the current challenges and future prospects of brain organoid applications.

26 Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of standardized migraine drug treatment:a cross⁃sectional study based on 2 028 patients

LI Yuewen , YAN Lanyun

2026(4):482-488. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN260072

[Abstract](1049) [HTML](117) [PDF 922.21 K](552)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate guideline adherence to preventive pharmacotherapy in patients with migraine，quantify the extent of undertreatment and potential overtreatment，and analyze the associated influencing factors. Methods：In this cross-sectional study，2 028 patients with migraine who attended the specialized headache clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2020 and August 2025 and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders，3rd edition（ICHD-3）were enrolled. According to the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Migraine（2023 edition）and the International Headache Society’s global practice recommendations for preventive pharmacological treatment of migraine，≥4 monthly migraine days was defined as the indication for preventive treatment. Based on treatment indications and actual medication use，patients were categorized into four groups：indication - comforming group（Group A），potential overtreatment group （Group B），appropriate acute treatment group（Group C），and inappropriate medication use group（Group D）. Clinical characteristics and medication patterns were compared among the groups. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with undertreatment in Group A. Results：Among the 2 028 patients，685（33.8%）were assigned to Group A，of whom 21.2%（145/685） were undertreated. Groups B，C，and D comprised 446（22.0%），619（30.5%），and 278（13.7%）patients，respectively. Preventive medications in Groups A and B were mainly calcium channel blockers and antiepileptic drugs，with a significantly higher use of calcium channel blockers in Group B than in Group A（71.3% vs. 40.6%，P ＜ 0.001）. For acute medications，triptans，acetaminophen， nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs，and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists were used most frequently in Group C. Multivariable logistic regression showed that the use of acute migraine-specific medications（adjusted OR=1.90，95%CI：1.27-2.82，P= 0.002）and a greater number of monthly migraine days（adjusted OR=1.02，95%CI：1.00-1.03，P=0.036）were significantly associated with undertreatment in Group A. Conclusion：Preventive treatment of migraine demonstrated a clear pattern of bidirectional nonadherence，characterized by undertreatment among patients with indications for preventive therapy and potential overtreatment among those without such indications. In clinical practice，stricter adherence to indications for preventive treatment is needed，along with strengthened evaluation of preventive therapy among users of migraine - specific acute medications and more standardized drug selection and headache subtype diagnosis，in order to improve guideline adherence.

27 A study on the usability of a soft hand rehabilitation robot in upper limb training for stroke patients

DI Yaxuan , SUN Huaiqing , YAN Peng , ZHANG Ruirui , CAO Hui , WU Ting

2026(4):475-481. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251308

[Abstract](983) [HTML](122) [PDF 923.47 K](624)

Abstract:
Objective：To evaluate the usability of a portable soft hand rehabilitation robot in clinical and home-based upper limb rehabilitation for stroke patients. Methods：Thirteen stroke patients with hemiplegia were recruited to participate in a usability evaluation of the hand rehabilitation robot. Participants first received two weeks of supervised in - hospital training to learn device operation，followed by six weeks of unsupervised home -based rehabilitation（33 minutes per session，twice daily）. After training，the system usability scale（SUS）and semi - structured interviews were used to assess usability of the robot. In addition，the Fugl -Meyer assessment upper extremity（FMA-UE），action research arm test（ARAT），and activities of daily living（ADL）scale were applied before and after the intervention，as well as during training，to assess patients’upper limb motor function and ability to perform activities of daily living. Results：The mean SUS score of the 13 participants was 85.8 ± 10.5，indicating an“Excellent”level of usability. Semi-structured interviews revealed that the device was easy to operate and portable，while highlighting areas requiring improvement，such as device connectivity，hardware stability，and training module diversity. After the intervention，several participants demonstrated improvements in FMA-UE，ARAT，and ADL scores compared with baseline，reaching the mini clinical important difference（MCID）. Conclusion：The soft hand rehabilitation robot demonstrates high usability and safety for both clinical and home - based upper limb rehabilitation in stroke survivors with hemiplegia，suggesting its potential as a promising tool for post-stroke hand rehabilitation.

28 The association between physical activity and sedentary time with irregular menstrual cycles in reproductive women:a cross⁃sectional study

LI Hongqiao , HUANG Lingling , WANG Xinru , ZHANG Yi , ZHAO Mengjie , ZHENG Hanyue , WANG Bei , ZHANG Xuening , HONG Xiang

2026, 46(3):396-402. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251161

[Abstract](903) [HTML](114) [PDF 6.49 M](819)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the relationship between physical activity，sedentary time，and irregular menstrual cycles in women of reproductive age. Methods：Conducted between April and June 2024 using convenience sampling，the cross-sectional study assessed physical activity and sedentary time through the international physical activity questionnaire - short form（IPAQ - SF），while menstrual cycles were self - reported. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models，with E - values calculated to assess the influence of potential unmeasured confounders. Results：A total of 1 259 participants were included， with a mean age of 25.0 ± 5.3 years. The moderate physical activity was linked to a 40% lower risk of irregular menstrual cycles compared to low activity（OR=0.60，95% CI：0.44-0.81），and high physical activity was associated with a 46% reduced risk（OR=0.54， 95% CI：0.37-0.79），after adjusting for all covariates. Meeting World Health Organization guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous activity was associated with a 36% decreased risk（OR=0.64，95% CI：0.48- 0.85）. No statistically significant association was observed between sedentary time and irregular menstrual cycles. E - value analysis suggested that unmeasured confounders would need a moderate association strength（1.8-2.1）with both exposure and outcome to negate these findings. The risk of irregular menstrual cycles began to rise when weekly total metabolic equivalents exceeded 3 185 min. Conclusion：Moderate to high physical activity levels are inversely related to irregular menstrual cycles in reproductive - aged women，though excessively high activity may increase risk.Ensuring adequate physical activity appears more crucial than merely reducing sedentary behavior.

29 Research status and prospectof the effect of adding letrozole to ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation in female malignant tumor patients

TAO Huimin , XU Siliang , HOU Zhen

2026, 46(3):366-374. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251013

[Abstract](997) [HTML](316) [PDF 9.16 M](966)

Abstract:
Letrozole is a highly effective non - steroidal aromatase inhibitor that reduces estrogen levels by inhibiting aromatase activity. It has important application value in the field of fertility preservation，especially in patients with malignant tumors. For patients with estrogen-sensitive malignant tumors such as breast cancer，letrozole can reduce the concentration of circulating estrogen in the body during ovulation induction，thereby reducing the adverse effects of high estrogen on tumors during traditional ovulation induction，and effectively promote follicular development. However，the low estrogen level environment in the body brought about by letrozole may lead to decreased oocyte maturity or embryo quality and reduced embryo implantation rate. Further large-scale clinical studies are needed in the future to clarify its long-term safety and efficacy in fertility preservation，and provide more precise treatment strategies for fertility preservation in patients with malignant tumors.

30 Immunotherapy advances and adverse event management in thymic epithelial tumors

JIAO Yi , ZHAO Tingyu , LIU Lingxiang

2026, 46(3):355-365. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251274

[Abstract](504) [HTML](225) [PDF 6.89 M](757)

Abstract:
Thymic epithelial tumor（TET）represents a rare malignant mediastinal neoplasm with limited systemic treatment options for advanced - stage patients. In recent years，immunotherapy has been widely applied in solid tumors such as lung cancer and melanoma. Clinical studies of programmed death - 1/programmed death - ligand 1（PD - 1/PD - L1）inhibitors in TET have also demonstrated preliminary efficacy. However，immunotherapy in TET is associated with specific and highly prevalent immune -related adverse events（irAE），severely limiting its clinical application. With advances in understanding the pathophysiology of irAE and the adoption of multidisciplinary management approaches，early recognition，tiered interventions，and personalized treatment strategies have progressively matured. The implementation of these systematic management protocols provides critical safeguards for the safe advancement of immunotherapy in TET and holds promise for further improving patient survival outcomes. This article provides a systematic review of research progress in immunotherapy for TET，the potential mechanisms underlying irAE，and comprehensive management strategies.

31 Deciphering the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer from metabolic and immunological perspectives:challenges and opportunities in precision medicine

LIU Jinyu , DUAN Jiawen , ZHANG Zhisheng

2026, 46(3):343-354. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250567

[Abstract](529) [HTML](219) [PDF 2.45 M](1179)

Abstract:
As a malignant neoplasm exhibiting the highest global incidence among women，breast cancer continues to present significant therapeutic challenges despite markedly enhanced 5-year survival rates. Notably，treatment efficacy for aggressive subtypes such as triple -negative breast cancer remains suboptimal. This comprehensive review elucidates the intricate mechanisms within the breast tumor microenvironment（TME） through integrated metabolic and immunological perspectives，establishing metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion as fundamental drivers of disease progression. Tumor cells execute Warburg effect - mediated lactate overproduction，simultaneously fueling proliferative demands while acidifying the microenvironment to suppress anti - tumor activity of T cells and NK cells. Substantial heterogeneity in metabolic and immune signatures across molecular subtypes creates new paradigms for precision oncology. Our analysis delineates the metabolic-immune crosstalk network within breast TME，emphasizing the immunosuppressive roles of lactate and lipid metabolites. We critically examine translational barriers in precision medicine implementation，particularly addressing unresolved challenges of patient heterogeneity and underdeveloped biomarkers. By systematically exploring TME molecular mechanisms，identifying precision medicine limitations，and projecting future therapeutic trajectories，this review establishes a framework for overcoming current treatment impasses through innovations in combinatorial targeting，predictive modeling，and biomarker discovery.

32 The role of lipid uptake in inducing PD ⁃1 and CTLA ⁃4 expression on CD4 + regulatory T cells in the ovarian cancer microenvironment

LIU Zhijie , TAO Ziqi , HUANG Xi , ZHANG Yuelu , YAN Lina , ZHOU Lingfei , HUANG Menghui , WANG Fang

2026, 46(3):315-323. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251129

[Abstract](897) [HTML](115) [PDF 46.12 M](1090)

Abstract:
Objective：This study aimed to investigate the lipid metabolism characteristics，particularly lipid uptake and accumulation of regulatory CD4 + T cells（Treg）in the ovarian cancer microenvironment，and its potential impact on the expression of programmed cell death protein 1（PD - 1）and lymphocyte associated protein 4（CTLA - 4）. Methods：The lipophilic fluorescent dye BODIPYTM 493/503 and the fluorescent fatty acid probe BODIPY™ 500/510 C1 C12 were used to detect intracellular lipid content and lipid uptake capacity，respectively，in human CD4 + Tregs isolated from ovarian cancer tissues or co -cultured with supernatants from various ovarian cancer cell lines（ES -2，SKOV3，CAOV3）. Lipid metabolism was modulated using the fatty acid oxidation inhibitor Etomoxir，the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor C75，and the fatty acid uptake inhibitor sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate（SSO）. Lipid content and the expression of immunosuppressive molecules PD - 1 and CTLA - 4 were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results：CD4 + Treg infiltrating ovarian cancer tissues exhibited significantly higher lipid content and lipid uptake capacity compared to conventional CD4+ T cells（P ＜ 0.01）. Among the ovarian cancer tumor supernatant tested in vitro，CAOV3-derived supernatant most significantly enhanced intracellular lipid content and uptake capacity in CD4 + Treg relative to basal medium（P ＜ 0.05）. Furthermore，CAOV3-conditioned medium upregulated PD - 1 and CTLA -4 expression in CD4 + Treg（P ＜ 0.05）. This was accompanied by a concentration - dependent increase in both lipid accumulation and fluorescent fatty acid analog uptake（P ＜ 0.05）. Notably，the fatty acid uptake inhibitor SSO effectively reversed the CAOV3 supernatant-induced lipid accumulation（P ＜ 0.05）in CD4+ Treg and the elevated expression of PD-1 and CTLA - 4（all P ＜ 0.05），whereas the oxidation inhibitor Etomoxir and the synthesis inhibitor C75 had no significant effect. Conclusion：The ovarian cancer microenvironment promotes lipid uptake in CD4 + Tregs，leading to intracellular lipid droplet accumulation，which in turn enhances their immunosuppressive function，as evidenced by upregulated PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression. Targeting the fatty acid uptake pathway may represent a potential strategy to reverse Treg - mediated immunosuppression in ovarian cancer.

33 Research progress on bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation

QIAO Yetian , LI Xiaoshan , WU Bo

2026(2):299-308. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250853

[Abstract](1175) [HTML](176) [PDF 7.48 M](957)

Abstract:
Lung transplantation（LTx）is an effective treatment for end-stage lung disease，significantly prolonging patient survival and improving quality of life. However，bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome（BOS），which represents a frequent manifestation of chronic rejection following LTx，significantly compromises long - term patient survival. Consequently，early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are crucial for improving prognosis，while exploration of individualized therapeutic strategies is needed to optimize clinical management. This review comprehensively examines the clinical manifestations，diagnostic approaches，pathogenesis，risk factors，therapeutic strategies，and prognostic characteristics of BOS，aiming to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical management and future research directions.

34 Research progress on the epigenetic regulation of macrophage function by KDM6B

WANG Haiyan , XU Jingwen , JIA Lizhou

2026(2):289-298. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251040

[Abstract](896) [HTML](163) [PDF 599.40 K](704)

Abstract:
Lysine-specific demethylase 6B（KDM6B）is an important epigenetic factor in the Jumonji C domain-containing protein family（JmjC）. It not only plays an epigenetic role in cell differentiation，inflammatory response，tissue homeostasis，and neurological diseases，but also plays an important role in macrophage function and immune response. KDM6B is the sole member of the JmjC family that can respond to Toll-like receptor（TLR）signals. It is activated under the stimulation of TLR signals and thereby fulfills its function. Studies have found that KDM6B can affect macrophages by regulating the polarization of macrophages，affecting the expression of cytokines and participating in the regulation of tumor microenvironment. Therefore，KDM6B plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes such as immune response，inflammatory response，and tumor. As a key epigenetic factor，KDM6B regulates the functions of macrophages，including the polarization，inflammatory response，and pro-fibrotic activities of macrophages，and is expected to become a potential target for the study of immune，inflammatory，and tumor-related diseases.

GAN Chenyun , WANG Xiaodong

2026(2):280-288. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251214

[Abstract](1095) [HTML](176) [PDF 2.33 M](796)

Abstract:
Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise have their own focuses in improving muscle mass，cardiopulmonary function，neurocognition，and endocrine metabolism，etc. However，their effects are not uniform，but are significantly modulated by age. Based on a review of the characteristics of the effects of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on the body，this paper focuses on exploring the age heterogeneity of the effects of exercise on the skeletal muscle system，cardiovascular system，nervous system and endocrine metabolism system in the elderly and young groups，systematically integrating the evidence of the interaction between exercise and age，and analyzing its potential mechanisms. Compared to younger individuals，aging leads to functional decline and metabolic alterations in the above mentioned systems. Consequently，older adults exhibit distinct characteristics in their physiological responses，adaptive capacity，and degree of benefit from exercise. Examples include attenuated post -exercise muscle protein synthesis，more pronounced cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects，and diminished recovery capacity. Therefore，when designing safe and effective exercise regimens for the elderly，it is essential to consider age - specific factors and judiciously select the exercise modality，intensity，and duration.

36 Analysis and comparison of the incidence trends of four types of hepatitis between Jiangsu Province and the whole nation from 2004 to 2022

QU Huairong , BAO Tienan , WU Jing , DING Yong

2026(2):221-230,240. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250577

[Abstract](835) [HTML](144) [PDF 723.83 K](699)

Abstract:
Objective：To analyze and compare the trends in the incidence of four types of hepatitis between Jiangsu province and the whole nation，reveal the regional characteristics and current status of hepatitis incidence in Jiangsu province，and provide a reference for hepatitis prevention and control efforts in Jiangsu province and the whole nation. Methods：Descriptive epidemiological methods，average annual percent change and spatiotemporal scan statistical methods were used to analyze and compare the incidence data of four types of hepatitis（hepatitis A，B，C and E）in Jiangsu province and the whole nation from 2004 to 2022. Results：The average incidence rates（1/100 000）of four types of hepatitis in Jiangsu province and nationwide from 2004 to 2022 were 1.55 and 2.72for hepatitis A，18.70 and 75.24 for hepatitis B，3.50 and 11.85 for hepatitis C，and 3.80 and 1.77 for hepatitis E，respectively. The change trend of incidence rate in recent years is as follows：nationwide，hepatitis A remained a stable trend（2012-2022，P>0.10），hepatitis B remained a stable trend（2014-2022，P>0.50），hepatitis C displayed a downward trend（2019-2022，P<0.001），andhepatitis E remained a stable trend（2013-2022，P>0.50）；In Jiangsu province，hepatitis A remained a stable trend（2013-2022，P>0.20），hepatitis B showed an upward trend（2012-2022，P<0.05），hepatitis C showed an upward trend（2004-2022，P<0.001），and hepatitis E demonstrated a declining trend（2011-2022，P<0.001）. Spatiotemporal scan statistical analysis revealed that three low-incidence clusters for hepatitis A nationwide all included Jiangsu province，one of three low - incidence clusters for hepatitis B nationwide included Jiangsu province，two of four low-incidence clusters for hepatitis C in nationwide included Jiangsu province，and three high-incidence clusters for hepatitis E in nationwide all included Jiangsu province. Conclusion：From 2004 to 2022，nationwide，hepatitis B had the highest average incidence rate，followed by hepatitis C，hepatitis A，and hepatitis E，respectively. In Jiangsu province，hepatitis B also had the highest average incidence rate，followed by hepatitis E，hepatitis C，and hepatitis A respectively. The average incidence rates of hepatitis A，B，and C in Jiangsu province were lower than the national average，while the average incidence rate of hepatitis E was higher than the national average. The focus of the national hepatitis prevention and control strategy should be on reducing the incidence rate of hepatitis B and shifting the stable trends of hepatitis A（2012- 2022）and hepatitis E（2013- 2022）incidence rates to a declining trend. The focus of hepatitis prevention and control strategy in Jiangsu province should be on reducing the incidence rates of hepatitis B and hepatitis E，as well as reversing the upward trend of hepatitis C（2004-2022）incidence and the stable trend of hepatitis A（2013-2022）incidence to a declining trend.

37 Comparative analysis of sex-specific exosomal proteomes and miRNA profiles：human embryonic stem cells versus human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells

HUANG Beibei , NING Song , WU Huimin , QIN Lianju , DIAO Feiyang

2026(2):188-201. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250918

[Abstract](910) [HTML](107) [PDF 43.42 M](1044)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate proteomic and transcriptomic differences between exosomes derived from sex-specific human embryonic stem cells（hESC - exo）and human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells（hAMSC - exo）at the molecular level. Methods：A defined cell culture system optimized for exosome research was established. High - quality exosomes were isolated via ultracentrifugation from male and female lines of hESCs and hAMSCs. Proteomic characterization was performed using liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry（LC - MS/MS），while microRNA（miRNA）profiles were determined by high -throughput sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis subsequently identified key biological processes and pathways regulated by the exosomes. Results：At both proteomic and transcriptomic levels，exosomes derived from male and female hAMSCs exhibited similar molecular profiles，whereas those originating from male and female hESCs showed significant sex - based differences. Integrated miRNA profiling and proteomic analysis revealed that hESC-exo were primarily associated with developmental and metabolic processes，while hAMSC-exo predominantly participated in immune and metabolic functions. Conclusion：Through systematic proteomic and miRNA sequencing analyses of sex-specific exosomes derived from hAMSCs and hESCs，this study predicted their biological functions and revealed theirpotential applications across multiple domains. These findings provide novel perspectives for selecting optimal cell sources in preclinical and clinical trials.

38 Research progress on the impact of environmental pollutants on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology pregnancies

SHAO Yueyue , SHI Zhonghua

2026(1):130-142. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250831

[Abstract](708) [HTML](144) [PDF 1000.93 K](1042)

Abstract:
The negative impact of environmental pollutants on human health has been widely confirmed. However，there remains controversy both domestically and internationally regarding the effects of air pollution and endocrine disrupting chemicals（EDCs）on the pregnancy outcomes of assisted reproductive technology（ART）. This paper intends to synthesize the latest research progress to explore the impact of major environmental pollutants on ART outcomes and existing problems，so as to provide guidance for couples of childbearing age，thereby increasing the success rate of conception，reducing the adverse risks related to environmental pollution，and improving pregnancy outcomes

39 Genetic correlation analysis between depression and gastroesophageal reflux disease related phenotypes

SHAO Yanting , XU Tingting

2026(1):112-122. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250350

[Abstract](720) [HTML](109) [PDF 2.42 M](1009)

Abstract:
Objective：Studies have shown that there is a significant correlation between depression and gastroesophageal reflux disease（GERD），but the causal relationship between the two and the direction of correlation are not clear. This study aims to explore the bidirectional causal inference between depression and GERD as well as its subtypes and the underlying mechanism of the disease from the genetic level. Methods：Based on the aggregated data of the genome -wide association study（GWAS）of depression，GERD， reflux esophagitis（RE）and non -erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease（NERD），Mendelian randomization was used to explore the independent causal relationship between depression and GERD，RE and NERD. Multiple omics data，such as GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci（eQTL），were integrated to explore the potential pathogenic genes of depression，GERD and its subtypes by summary-data-based Mendelian randomization（SMR）and functional mapping and annotation（FUMA）methods. The potential mechanism of depression affecting GERD and its subtypes was evaluated by enrichment analysis. Results：Depression increased the risk of GERD and NERD，but not RE. GERD，RE，and NERD did not increase the risk of depression. Through SMR and FUMA analysis，the potential susceptibility gene for depression was identified as RPL31P12，and the potential susceptibility gene for GERD was identified as NCSTN. The NERD potential susceptibility gene was SPATS2L. Depression and GERD gene common loci were mainly enriched in T cell receptor signaling pathway，DNA-binding transcription factor activity，and RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcriptional regulation region sequence-specific DNA binding. The depression and NERD gene common loci were mainly enriched in nucleosome assembly，protein and complex subunit assembly，and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion：Depression may increase the risk of GERD and NERD，and the underlying mechanism may play a role through brain-gut axis，neuroimmune pathway， DNA and RNA transcription and regulation，protein metabolism，etc.

40 Mechanistic dissection of aberrant splicing patterns induced by intronic variants in consensus regions of the F9 gene splice sites

MA Jin , SHEN Yan , SHEN Guomin , GAO Meng

2026(1):55-67. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250277

[Abstract](535) [HTML](150) [PDF 1.50 M](988)

Abstract:
Objective：To identify key splicing regulatory sites within introns of the F9 gene（the causative gene for hemophilia B） through the characterization of splice site consensus motifs and systematic screening for pathogenic variants in these regions. Methods： Based on the variations documented in the Factor Ⅸ Variant Database，we primarily focused on intronic variations that may influence pre-mRNA splicing. These variations were filtered through a comparative analysis based on sequence conservation and were associated with the severity of the disease. Variations located within highly conserved loci that were linked to severe hemophilia were selected as target variations and subjected to subsequent splicing predictions using three independent tools separately. The prediction results were then validated through minigene splicing assays，and specific splicing patterns were further investigated using denaturing capillary electrophoresis. For those in - frame aberrant splicing products，we assessed protein expression，protein secretion，and in vitro coagulation activity by Western blot and activated partial thromboplastin time. Results：We identified 15 variants located near the splicing site of exon 4 in the F9 gene as target variants through sequence and variant analysis. Minigene splicing assay confirmed that 14 of these variants could lead to abnormal splicing. In comparison with the bioinformatic prediction results，we further established that computational predictions exhibited limitations and could not accurately predict specific splicing patterns or their proportions. The classic GT-AG splice site on the intron was confirmed to be conserved. Additionally，we observed that +5G at the donor end facilitated correct recognition of the splicing site，whereas the relatively conserved +7A did not play a significant regulatory role in this recognition process. Furthermore，deep intronic variants mimicking the classic splice donor“AG”motif caused misalignment of splice site recognition，significantly increasing the proportion of abnormal splicing. Results from protein expression and activity analyses indicated notable differences in antigen synthesis and in vitro coagulation activity status between the two abnormal splicing variants of p.D93-G125delinsG and p.G94-D131del and those of the wild-type FⅨ（P ＜ 0.01）. Conclusion：The splice site（GT-AG）is pivotal in determining precise splicing. The less conserved +5G at the consensus region of the splice donor site in the intron 4 of the F9 gene also has a regulatory effect on splicing. Summarizing the differences in splice patterns caused by diverse variations can provide a solid theoretical basis for big data analysis and improve the accuracy of bioinformatics predictions.

41 Research progress on early diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on cfDNA multiomics models

YANG Mingzhe , CHEN Renjie

2026(1):21-30. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN251049

[Abstract](455) [HTML](167) [PDF 953.64 K](1013)

Abstract:
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas（HNSCC）rank as the sixth most common cancer globally，with early diagnosis challenging due to subtle symptoms and the absence of specific biomarkers. With the development of liquid biopsy technology， circulating free DNA（cfDNA），as its core test object，has the advantages of non -invasive，dynamic monitoring and reflecting tumor characteristics，and shows promising applications in early screening，prognostic assessment and efficacy monitoring of HNSCC. However，existing single -omics studies are still limited by low sensitivity and tumor heterogeneity. Multi -omics integration strategies combining genomic，transcriptomic，epigenomic，and proteomic information can significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and reveal disease molecular mechanisms. In recent years，as deep learning and machine learning technologies have been widely applied to analyze multi-omics data of cfDNA，promoting relevant marker screening and model construction. Existing research indicates that multiomics models based on cfDNA hold promise for improving early diagnosis of HNSCC and offer new directions for precision medicine development.

42 THBS2 secretion by cancer ⁃associated fibroblasts drives macrophage M2 polarization via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote colorectal cancer progression

XU Jia , LI Mengqi , YUAN Xiaoqin

2026(1):1-13. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250405

[Abstract](1006) [HTML](247) [PDF 1.94 M](1187)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the effect and mechanism of cancer-associated fibroblast（CAF）in promoting M2 polarization of macrophages by secreting thrombospondin -2（THBS2）. Methods：The expression and clinical significance of THBS2 in colorectal adenocarcinoma were analyzed using the TCGA database. The cellular origin of THBS2 was identified through the TISCH2 single-cell database combined with multiplex immunohistochemical staining，and its association with immune infiltration was assessed using TIMER2.0. Western blot，ELISA，and primary CAF models were utilized to validate THBS2 secretion. The regulation of THBS2 on macrophage polarization，migration，and signaling pathways was evaluated by qRT - PCR，transwell assays，and PI3K/AKT pathway analysis. Results：THBS2 expression was significantly elevated in colorectal cancer tissues and closely correlated with advanced TNM stages and poor prognosisofpatients. Single-cell sequencing and experiments confirmed that THBS2 is specifically derived from CAFs and most strongly associated with M2 macrophage infiltration. Functional experiments demonstrated that CAF - conditioned medium upregulated M2 markers interleukin（IL）- 10，macrophage mannose receptor（MMR），CD206，arginase - 1（ARG1）and enhanced macrophage migratory capacity. Recombinant THBS2 promoted p-PI3K/p-AKT phosphorylation levelsin macrophages compared to the IL - 4 group，augmenting M2 polarization. THBS2 knockdown significantly inhibited these pro - migratory and polarization effects. Conclusion：CAF-derived THBS2 may drive macrophage M2 polarization and migration by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway，thereby remodeling the colorectal cancer immune microenvironment and driving malignant progression，which provides experimental evidence for immunotherapy strategies targeting the CAF-THBS2 axis in colorectal cancer.

43 The mechanisms of non ⁃ suicidal self ⁃ injury in adolescents with depressive disorders and progresses of intervention

WU Tao , XING Haoran , BAO Tianhao

2025, 45(12):1823-1833. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250771

[Abstract](199) [HTML](385) [PDF 574.10 K](1612)

Abstract:
Depressive disorders have become one of the most common and significantly harmful psychological conditions among adolescents. The incidence of nonsuicidal self -injury（NSSI）in adolescents with depressive disorders is on the rise，posing a severe challenge to their physical and mental health. Previous studies have indicated that the mechanisms underlying adolescent depressive disorders and NSSI are complex，involving the interplay of multiple factors，including neurotransmitter levels，hormonal changes， immune -inflammatory responses，genetic susceptibility，and psychosocial influences. NSSI is not only an important manifestation of risky behavior in patients with depressive disorders but also closely related to suicide risk. Current treatments for adolescent depressive disorders and NSSI are primarily centered on psychotherapy，with multimodal interventions，including pharmacotherapy and physical treatments，as adjuncts. Different intervention approaches have shown certain differences in improving NSSI behaviors and prognosis. This article reviews the relevant epidemiology，pathophysiological mechanisms，and risk factors，and systematically summarizes the major research advances and clinical intervention strategies for adolescent depressive disorders with NSSI in recent years，aiming to provide theoretical references for further optimizing treatment models and improving patients’prognosis and quality of life.

44 Construction of a risk prediction model for malnutrition in elderly diabetic patients with cognitive frailty

ZOU Rong , YU Peiwen , TAN Ping , HU Yifang , DING Guoxian , TONG Qiangwei

2025, 45(12):1784-1791. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250659

[Abstract](132) [HTML](129) [PDF 1.58 M](1094)

Abstract:
Objective：To conduct an in-depth analysis of the key factors influe-ncing the risk of malnutrition in elderly diabetic patients with cognitive frailty（CF）and to construct an accurate risk prediction nomogram model based on these factors. Methods：A cross-sectional study design was adopted，enrolling 124 elderly diabetic patients with CF. The patients’frailty，cognitive function， psychological state and risk of malnutrition were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors for malnutrition risk，and the R language was used to construct the prediction model and draw the nomogram. Model validation was carried out by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis，Hosmer-Lemeshow test and concordance index evaluation，and calibration curve drawing. Results：The malnut-rition risk rate among the 124 elderly diabetic patients with CF was 67.7%（84/124）. These 84 patients were assigned to the malnutrition risk group，and the remaining 40 were assigned to the well-nourished group. Age， marital status，body mass index（BMI），geriatric depression scale（GDS）score，albumin，and prealbumin levels were identified as independent predictors of malnutrition risk in elderly diabetic patients with CF（all P ＜ 0.05）. The nomogram model constructed based on these influencing factors had a C-index of 0.781（95% CI：0.695-0.867）. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated a good fit for the nomogram model. Decision curve analysis showed that when the threshold probability ranged from 0.10 to 0.67，the net benefit rate of using this nomogram model to predict malnutrition risk in elderly diabetic patients with CF was 0.46-0.60. Conclusion：In elderly diabetic patients with CF，age，marital status，BMI，GDS score，albumin，and prealbumin levels are key factors influencing the risk of malnutrition. The established risk prediction model demonstrates moderate predictive performance and good clinical application value for assessing the risk of malnutrition in such patients.

45 Artificial intelligence in the whole process of implant prosthodontics:research progress, application and challenges

ZHAO Juan , LIU Wenli , ZHU Feifan , TUMAER Sailihan , ZHOU Yutao , DUAN Xiangyao , YAO Yi , YU Jiongmin , ADIL Maimaitituerxun , ZHANG Weifang

2025(12):1709-1718. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250650

[Abstract](448) [HTML](251) [PDF 510.18 K](1067)

Abstract:
Artificial intelligence（AI）is the“fourth industrial revolution”of human society，and dental implants have become the “third set of teeth”for humans. The 21st century is an era of digitization and AI，characterized by the deep integration and robust rise of AI in various fields of society. Implant prosthodontics is also rapidly developing towards high efficiency，precision，minimally invasive， and biomimetic direction with the assistance and acceleration of AI. In the future，AI will change the practice mode of implant prosthodontics and bring it to an extraordinary level. This article aims to review the research progress and application status of AI in various aspects of oral implant prosthodontics，and to make prospects for the shortcomings and future challenges.

46 Application of“rigid registration”and“nonrigid registration”in digital stomatology threedimensional point cloud data

WEN Aonan , ZHAO Yijiao , WANG Yong

2025(12):1698-1708. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250638

[Abstract](357) [HTML](200) [PDF 472.36 K](935)

Abstract:
With the development of digital technology，three-dimensional（3D）point cloud data is becoming more and more widely used in oral clinical digital diagnosis and treatment，involving many aspects such as 3D morphological comparison analysis，virtual patient construction，and defect morphological reconstruction. At present，"rigid registration" and "non-rigid registration" technologies have played important roles in the clinical application of oral 3D point cloud data. The similarities and differences between the two technologies and the algorithm principles behind them are worth in-depth discussion and exploration，so that they can better serve the clinical practice and scientific research of stomatology. The author’s team has a certain working basis for the application and research of“rigid registration”and“non - rigid registration”technologies. This article will explain the concepts，algorithm principles and their application in the field of stomatology，and summarize and prospect them to provide reference for the application of oral clinical and scientific research to the two technologies.

47 Accuracy comparison of 3 complete arch implant impression techniques in 2 different intraoral scanners

YANG Shengtao , YE Liangyu , ZHANG Chenyi , YUE Li , YUAN Quan

2025(12):1689-1697. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250036

[Abstract](515) [HTML](230) [PDF 20.87 M](2160)

Abstract:
Objective：To compare the accuracy of three intraoral scanner-based complete arch implant impression techniques using TRIOS 3 and Aoralscan 3 intraoral scanners. Methods：A standard edentulous maxillary implant model with 6 screw-retained abutmentlevel scan bodies was constructed. The scan bodies were numbered from 1 to 6，from the right molar to the left molar area. A control group was generated by scanning the implant model using a desktop scanner. Three intraoral scanner-based scanning techniques were tested：without any scan aids，with scan aids but without calibration，and with scan aids and perform calibration. The tests were performed on 2 intraoral scanners：TRIOS 3 and Aoralscan 3. Each technique was repeated 10 times on each scanner. Scan bodies in the tested groups were superimposed onto the control group using scan bodies #1 and #2 as references to simulate the single-screw test. For each scan body，the distance between the centers of the screw-retained abutments in the test and control groups was measured to calculate trueness. The distance between the centers of the screw-retained abutments in each pair of scans within each test group was also measured to calculate precision. Trueness and precision of the 3 tested impression techniques were compared. Results：In both tested scanners，the trueness of the scanning group with scan aids（272.32 μm for TRIOS 3；240.00 μm for Aoralscan 3）was higher than that of the group without any scan aids（606.77 μm for TRIOS 3；413.78 μm for Aoralscan 3）（all P ＜ 0.05）. Furthermore，the calibration process further improved trueness（70.51% improvement for TRIOS 3；28.00 % improvement for Aoralscan 3）. For precision，the scanning group with scan aids（75.60 μm for TRIOS 3；69.91 μm for Aoralscan 3）and the group with calibration （74.36 μm for TRIOS 3；79.42 μm for Aoralscan 3）outperformed the group without any scan aids（487.75 μm for TRIOS 3；160.74 μm for Aoralscan 3）（all P ＜ 0.05）. However，there was no statistically significant difference between the scanning group with scan aids and the group with calibration（P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusion：The accuracy of intraoral scanning for full -arch implant impressions can be significantly improved by using scan aids combined with a calibration process.

48 The mechanistic role of GPX4 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and intervention studies using traditional Chinese medicine extracts

MA Xiaoyue , YANG Yufan , CHEN Yongxin

2025, 45(11):1678-1688. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250099

[Abstract](220) [HTML](451) [PDF 5.17 M](1873)

Abstract:
Non - alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）is currently the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide，posing a significant threat to human health；however，its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Research on regulatory cell death has opened new avenues for disease treatment. Among these，ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death，which can be triggered by disturbances in iron metabolism，redox imbalance，and the accumulation of lipid peroxides. Given the liver's critical role in iron storage and lipid metabolism，recent studies have established a close association between ferroptosis and NAFLD. Abnormal lipid accumulation within cells can lead to redox imbalance，which may be a key factor contributing to lipid metabolism disorders. Consequently，inhibiting ferroptosis has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. Glutathione peroxidase 4（GPX4）is a pivotal regulatory protein in ferroptosis，capable of binding glutathione（GSH）to degrade reactive oxygen species（ROS）and hydrogen peroxide，thereby mitigating lipid peroxidation damage. Current research indicates that active components from traditional Chinese medicines，such as astragalus membranaceus，green tea，and coptis，can modulate GPX4 through multiple targets，thereby influencing NAFLD. This review explores the mechanisms by which GPX4 operates within the ferroptosis pathway and identifies herbal extracts that may offer therapeutic benefits for NAFLD through GPX4 regulation.

49 Research progress in improving Alzheimer’s disease by regulating neurovascular units and their markers with traditional Chinese medicine

ZHANG Ming , FENG Xiaodong , PAN Rui

2025, 45(11):1670-1677. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250300

[Abstract](210) [HTML](234) [PDF 2.19 M](1371)

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease（AD）is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment，and its pathogenesis is very complex. In recent years，vascular abnormalities such as decreased cerebral blood flow and blood - brain barrier disruption have been found in the early stage of AD，suggesting that vascular factors play an important role in its pathogenesis. As a key structure of brain functional homeostasis，the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit（NVU），including neurons，endothelial cells， pericytes，astrocytes，microglia，and basement membrane，has been considered to be one of the common pathological bases of AD and vascular dementia. Its disorder can lead to cognitive impairment. Traditional Chinese medicine can intervene NVU function through multiple targets and pathways，improve the permeability of blood-brain barrier，reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress，and is expected to become an important means to treat AD. This article elaborates the research progress of NVU and its markers regulated by traditional Chinese medicine in the early diagnosis and treatment of AD.

50 The correlation of FCN2 and MASP1 with prognostic risk stratification in IgA nephropathy

JIANG Yumeng , LU Guoyuan , LI Jianzhong

2025, 45(11):1616-1625. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250491

[Abstract](129) [HTML](144) [PDF 795.56 K](1355)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the predictive value of ficolin（FCN）2 and mannose - binding lectin - associated serine protease （MASP）1 in the risk stratification of IgA nephropathy，and to assess their potential application in the Nanjing IgA nephropathy risk stratification system（NJIgAN-RSS）. Methods：A total of 51 patients with primary IgA nephropathy confirmed by renal biopsy and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum levels of FCN2 and MASP1 were measured by enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Based on the NJIgAN - RSS，patients were divided into a low - risk group（RSS 0- 1）and a moderate - high - risk group（RSS 2- 4）. Correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationships between FCN2，MASP1，and various clinical and pathological indicators. Additionally，the predictive value of these biomarkers in the risk stratification of IgA nephropathy was explored. Results： Serum FCN2 levels in patients with IgA nephropathy were significantly elevated compared to those in healthy controls. Furthermore， FCN2 levels exhibited a positive correlation with the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio（UPCR），24 h urine protein excretion（UPE），and endocapillary hypercellularity. Additionally，MASP1 levels demonstrated a positive correlation with UPCR，UPE，and urinary red blood cells. Notably，both eGFR and serum FCN2 were identified as independent predictors for the medium - to - high - risk group in IgA nephropathy. Conclusion：Serum FCN2 possesses a high predictive value for prognostic risk stratification in IgA nephropathy.

51 Research progress on the multifaceted mechanisms of neutrophil extracellular traps in tumor progression

YANG Yan , JIN Chenchen , ZHANG Xu

2025, 45(11):1586-1597. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241134

[Abstract](227) [HTML](291) [PDF 6.81 M](1418)

Abstract:
Neutrophil extracellular trap（NET），a reticular structure composed of DNA fibers，histones，and antibacterial proteins released by neutrophils，can trap and eliminate foreign pathogens and play a significant role in the initiation and development of tumors. The formation and release of NET are regulated by various factors from the tumor microenvironment，including signaling molecules released by tumor cells，inflammatory cytokines，oxidative stress，and angiogenesis. In addition，NET interacts with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment，collectively shaping the immune characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and participating in critical biological processes，such as metabolic regulation of tumor cells，tumor metastasis，tumor - related thrombosis，and tumor angiogenesis，all of which impact tumor progression and patient prognosis. This review focuses on the multiple mechanisms of NET in tumor progression，explores the mechanisms of NET in regulating tumor cell proliferation and metastasis，altering tumor microenvironment，and affecting tumor angiogenesis and immune escape，as well as the potential application prospect of NET as biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis，to reveal the significant role of NET in tumor biology and provide a theoretical foundation for future research and clinical application

52 The RNA binding protein RBMS3 inhibits breast cancer proliferation by stabilizing p21 mRNA

DAI Xinyuan , XIA Tian , ZHU Lei , XI Peiwen , WU Jing , DING Qiang , SHI Liang

2025, 45(11):1537-1545. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250837

[Abstract](261) [HTML](281) [PDF 54.11 M](2508)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of RNA binding motif single stranded interacting protein 3 （RBMS3）in the proliferation of breast cancer and its molecular mechanism by regulating the stability of cyclin - dependent kinase inhibitor 1A（CDKN1A，p21）at the post - transcriptional level. Methods：Colony formation and 5 - ethynyl - 2′ - deoxyuridine（EdU） incorporation assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation ability in vitro. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate. Xenograft tumor model in nude mice was established to observe the effect of RBMS3 on tumor growth in vivo. The correlation between RBMS3 and p21 expression was detected by Western blot，quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction，and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore，an actinomycin D assay was performed to verify the effect of RBMS3 on p21 mRNA stability. RNA immunoprecipitation assay，dual-luciferase reporter assay，and rescue experiment were conducted to confirm the direct binding and functional interaction between RBMS3 and p21. Results：Overexpression of RBMS3 inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells and the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice，induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest，and promoted apoptosis. Conversely，knockdown of RBMS3 promoted breast cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore，RBMS3 expression was significantly positively correlated with p21. RBMS3 directly bound to AU - rich elements（ARE）in the 3′ untranslated region（3′ - UTR）of p21 mRNA and enhanced the stability of p21 transcripts. Knockdown of p21 reversed the inhibition in breast cancer cell proliferation induced by RBMS3 overexpression. Conclusion：RBMS3 upregulates p21 expression by directly binding to the ARE in the 3′-UTR of p21 and enhancing its mRNA stability，thereby inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that RBMS3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.

53 Application progress of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of early gastrointestinal cancers

QUE Yuxuan , ZHOU Xiaoying

2025(10):1521-1527. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250672

[Abstract](949) [HTML](268) [PDF 810.07 K](1265)

Abstract:
Early gastrointestinal cancer（EGC）has subtle early symptoms and low screening rates，which leads to most patients being diagnosed at the middle or advanced stages，resulting in poor prognoses. Therefore，early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes. In recent years，artificial intelligence（AI）technology has been able to enhance the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of early lesions through high-precision image analysis and data processing，thereby achieving early detection，early diagnosis，and early treatment to improve patient prognoses. However，AI also faces challenges such as insufficient training data，algorithm bias，and uneven development across regions，which need to be addressed in future advancements. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current applications of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of EGC，exploring its advantages，challenges，and future directions to offer valuable references for researchers and clinicians in related fields.

54 Research progress on lactate metabolism in pancreatic cancer

WU Jiayi , ZHU Chunfu , XU Kequn

2025(10):1513-1520. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250572

[Abstract](602) [HTML](319) [PDF 869.19 K](1311)

Abstract:
As a key link in tumor metabolic reprogramming，lactate metabolism plays an important role in the occurrence， development and treatment resistance of pancreatic cancer. Beyond being a glycolytic byproduct，lactate functions as a key signaling molecule that regulates tumor proliferation，invasion，immune escape，and drug tolerance. Recent advances have identified lactate dehydrogenase A（LDHA）and monocarboxylate transporters（MCTs）as promising therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. Preclinical studies have shown that targeting lactate metabolism can suppress tumor growth and remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Moreover，lactate-associated biomarkers can also assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Despite these advances，current lactate -targeted therapies are limited by poor specificity，suboptimal safety，and pharmacological instability. This review outlines the mechanistic underpinnings of lactate metabolism in pancreatic cancer，highlights emerging therapeutic targets and strategies，and discusses the potential of integrating lactate-targeted approaches with immunotherapy to improve clinical outcomes.

55 The causal association between Helicobacter pylori and esophageal cancer:a Mendelian randomization study

DU Kaihao , HOU Lichao , DONG Xiaoge , LUO Lanminghui , JIANG Wei , WANG Zhanjin , XUE Weiwei , WANG Zhan

2025(10):1404-1416. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240908

[Abstract](622) [HTML](303) [PDF 2.50 M](1321)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the potential causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori（HP）infection and esophageal cancer （EC）. Methods：The analysis incorporated genome-wide association study（GWAS）data with HP infection as the exposure and EC as the outcome. A variety of Mendelian randomization（MR）methods were utilized，including inverse - variance weighted analysis， weighted median，MR - Egger，Simple mode，and Weighted mode to investigate the association between HP and EC. Additionally， Bayesian-weighted MR was introduced and the results were corrected using the false discovery rate（FDR）to enhance precision. The study also involved outlier detection，heterogeneity testing，sensitivity analysis，and pleiotropy assessment，as well as removing single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNP）potentially affected by confounding factors. For results that were particularly contentious，a meta - analysis was performed to provide a broader perspective. Potential reverse causation was assessed using Steiger testing and reverse MR. Furthermore，linkage disequilibrium score regression（LDSC）was utilized to evaluate the genetic correlation between HP and EC. Results：The comprehensive analyses showed that both traditional two -sample MR and Bayesian -weighted MR after FDR correction indicated no statistically significant causal association between HP and EC（P ＞ 0.05）. No pleiotropy was evident（P ＞ 0.05），and the robustness of the results was confirmed by the leave-one-out test. However，genetic correlation analyses of anti-HP IgG serum positivity and HP GroEL antibody levels suggested a potential genetic link with esophageal adenocarcinoma（P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion：Despite the use of advanced statistical methodologies，the current evidence is insufficient to support a definitive causal association between HP and EC. This finding underscores the need for larger-scale GWAS data and more detailed subtype-specific analyses to further explore the association between these two conditions. Future research should include a broader range of populations and geographical areas to enhance the generalizability and applicability of findings，while also investigating the specific impacts of different HP strains and possible biological mechanisms，providing a stronger scientific support for the prevention and treatment of EC.

56 The mechanisms of burdock polysaccharide on Alzheimer’s disease based on Caenorhabditis elegans

PEI Yuqing , SHAO Xindi , ZHU Yujie , CHENG Fei , ZHOU Jiahui , ZHU Xintong , MA Ruiying , CHEN Feifei , SHI Xuan , LI Luna , LI Xinying , XU Chunyu , ZHANG Yitang , ZHOU Siyue , SHEN Li , LI Hualing

2025(10):1395-1403. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250508

[Abstract](826) [HTML](237) [PDF 1.11 M](1461)

Abstract:
Objective：This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of burdock polysaccharide on Alzheimer’s disease（AD） using Caenorhabditis elegans（C. elegans）pathology model. Methods：Burdock polysaccharide made in our lab was used at varying concentrations（62.5，125.0，and 250.0 μg/mL）on transgenic C. elegans AD models（CL4176，CL2355，and CL2006 strains）to study the effects on nematode amyloid beta（Aβ）deposition，chemotaxis，5-hydroxytryptamine sensitivity，paralysis，growth and development， locomotor activity，feeding ability. Oxidative stress and cholinergic neuron-related indexes were measured，and the expression levels of related genes in nematodes were examined by RT -PCR. Results：Burdock polysaccharide exhibited multiple biological activities， thus reducing the level and deposition of Aβ protein，reducing 5-hydroxytryptamine sensitivity，strengthening nematode chemotaxis and learning memory，delaying paralysis，promoting development，increasing swing and pharyngeal vibration frequency，increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing acetylcholinesterase（AChE）activity. Meanwhile，it reduced the expression of age-1 and akt-1 genes，enhanced the expression of daf-16 gene，promoted the expression of skn-1，gst-4，sod-1 and sod-2，exert antioxidant effects，and alleviated AD symptoms. Concurrently，it attenuated AD pathology by inhibiting ace -1/ace -2 expression，and reducing AChE activity. Conclusion：Burdock polysaccharide may alleviate and improve AD-related pathological processes by regulating the age-1/akt-1/daf-16 signaling pathway to reduce oxidative stress levels while inhibiting AChE activity.

57 Role and mechanism of Nao Tan Qing in proliferation of neural stem cells in AD mice

WANG Jingze , LI Qianqian , GONG Xuanwei , YANG Yi , HOU Lin , WANG Shukun , YUAN Zengqiang

2025(10):1386-1394. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241326

[Abstract](911) [HTML](140) [PDF 1.14 M](1322)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of Nao Tan Qing（NTQ）on neural stem cell（NSC） proliferation in Alzheimer’s disease（AD）mice. Methods：Transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer’s disease（5 × FAD）were randomly assigned to two groups，the AD group treated with ddH2O and AD + NTQ group administered with NTQ by gavage. Immunofluorescence staining，real -time quantitative PCR（RT -qPCR），and Western blot were used to evaluate NSC proliferation in hippocampus. In vitro，embryonic NSCs of C57/BL6J mice were isolated and cultured with PBS or NTQ. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK -8 method and cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the number of sex - determing region of Y chromosome（SOX2）- box transcription factor 2（SOX2）positive，5 - bromo - 2 - deoxy uridine（BrdU）positive， and doublecortin（DCX）positive cells. The mRNA and protein levels of SOX2 and DCX were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The expressions of cyclin D1，p27/Kip1 and GATA2 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The expression level of SOX2 was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot after the in vitro treatment of NSC using cyclin D1-cyclin-dependent kinase（CDK）inhibitor. Results：In the AD+NTQ group，the number of SOX2+ cells in hippocampus significantly increased，with a marked elevation in SOX2 mRNA and protein levels compared with the AD group. In vitro，the diameter of neurospheres treated with NTQ was significantly larger， along with the increased number of BrdU+ ，SOX2 + ，and DCX+ cells. Moreover，SOX2 and DCX mRNA levels，as well as SOX2 protein level，were notably elevated. Mechanistically，the expression of GATA2 and its downstream molecule p27/Kip1 were decreased in the hippocampus of AD+NTQ mice，and the inhibitory effect on cyclin D1 was weakened in NSC proliferation. Addition of cyclin D1-CDK inhibitor attenuated the increase in SOX2 and DCX expression triggered by NTQ. Conclusion：NTQ maintains NSC proliferation and alleviates cognitive deficits in AD mice by modulating the GATA2-p27/Kip1-cyclin D1 signaling pathway.

58 Research progress of granzyme B targeted molecular imaging probes for monitoring immunotherapy response

YANG Jichen , QIU Ling , LIN Jianguo

2025(9):1267-1275. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250417

[Abstract](217) [HTML](396) [PDF 2.69 M](1489)

Abstract:
In recent years，cancer immunotherapy，especially immune checkpoint inhibitor（ICI），has made remarkable progress in clinical practice. However，due to the heterogeneity of immune responses among individuals，patients’responses to treatment vary， making the monitoring of treatment efficacy particularly important. In the tumor microenvironment，the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte（CTL）is a key indicator for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy. Granzyme B（GzmB），a serine protease mainly present in CTLs，is considered as an important biomarker for early prediction of the response to immunotherapy. Molecular imaging probes targeting GzmB can monitor the changes in GzmB expression at tumor sites during immunotherapy，providing a basis for evaluating treatment efficacy. This review summarizes the research progress of various GzmB-targeted molecular probes，and analyzes the structural design，imaging principle of the probes and their application potential in early monitoring of tumor immunotherapy response，aiming to provide reference for the further development and clinical application of GzmB-targeted molecular probes.

59 Research advances in the NOTCH1 signaling pathway and T ⁃ cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

CHEN Yizi , WENG Changjian , LU Chao

2025(9):1258-1266. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250487

[Abstract](1090) [HTML](358) [PDF 555.81 K](1396)

Abstract:
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia（T-ALL）is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy，accounting for approximately 15% and 25% of all pediatric and adult ALL cases，respectively. In T -ALL，approximately 60% of cases have NOTCH1 mutations. These mutations，caused by truncation of the PEST（a cluster of proline，glutamic acid，serine，and threonine residues）domain or abnormal heterodimerization，lead to impaired degradation or persistent release of the NOTCH intracellular domain（NICD），resulting in aberrant activation of downstream target genes such as MYC. This process synergizes with oncogenic factors like TAL1 and LMO2 to drive leukemogenesis. Among therapeutic strategies targeting NOTCH1，γ - secretase inhibitors have been limited by their broad - spectrum toxicity. However，novel agents such as the PSEN1 - selective inhibitor MRK - 560，NOTCH1 monoclonal antibody（OMP - 52M51），and the small molecule CB - 103 demonstrate precise inhibition of NOTCH1 signaling with reduced toxicity. Additionally， metabolic interventions and epigenetic regulation have shown synergistic potential. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the role of the NOTCH1 signaling pathway in T-ALL，further research is needed to unravel its complexities. This review focuses on the impact of NOTCH1 mutations on T - ALL cells，discusses drugs targeting the NOTCH1 pathway，and explores the association between NOTCH1 signaling and drug resistance.

60 PET/CT radiomics:a new perspective in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer

WANG Xuanyan , GU Yingying , TANG Lijun , LI Tiannü

2025(9):1251-1257. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250377

[Abstract](636) [HTML](461) [PDF 414.17 K](1311)

Abstract:
Esophageal cancer is a gastrointestinal malignancy with a high incidence and poor prognosis worldwide，with about 40% of cases concentrated in China，and the 5 - year survival rate is less than 20% . Traditional imaging methods exhibit significant limitations in precision diagnosis and treatment. In contrast，PET/CT radiomics -through high -throughput extraction and analysis of tumor morphological，metabolic，and textural features-provides a novel perspective for accurate staging，dynamic therapeutic response monitoring，and individualized prognosis prediction in esophageal cancer. This article systematically reviews the research progress of 18F -FDG PET/CT radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer，discusses its potential -integration with genomics and dosiomics，and looks forward to the future development direction，in order to provide more comprehensive theoretical support for clinical translation.

61 Application of host DNA methylation biomarkers in cervical cancer screening:key contribution of ZNF671 and evaluation of a combined diagnostic model

WANG Yunge , LIU Yunlong , WANG Lingfei , HU Wenjing , ZHOU Guohua , WU Haiping

2025(9):1242-1250. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250520

[Abstract](1044) [HTML](486) [PDF 7.01 M](2506)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the diagnostic value of DNA methylation levels of the host genes SOX1，JAM3，ZNF671，and DLX1 for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse（CIN2+）in women positive for human papillomavirus（HPV）16/18，and to construct a risk stratification model to optimize cervical cancer screening strategies. Methods：Cervical exfoliated cell samples were collected from HPV16/18-positive women attending the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command between April 2023 and May 2024. DNA methylation levels of the four host genes were measured using bisulfite-converted pyrosequencing. Samples were grouped according to histopathological diagnosis（normal，low - grade histology，high - grade histology，cancer），and intergroup methylation differences were compared. Logistic regression was used to construct a predictive model for CIN2+，and its diagnostic performance was assessed in both training and testing datasets. Results：The methylation levels of all four host genes increased progressively with lesion severity and were significantly higher in the CIN2 + group than in the CIN1- group（P ＜ 0.001），demonstrating high diagnostic specificity. Among them，ZNF671 exhibited the best performance as a single biomarker，with an area under the curve（AUC）of 0.741. The combined model of ZNF671 and SOX1 achieved AUCs of 0.801 and 0.745 in the training and testing sets，respectively，with a specificity up to 87%，outperforming any individual gene. Conclusion：The DNA methylation levels of SOX1，JAM3，ZNF671，and DLX1 are closely associated with the severity of cervical lesions and exhibit potential value for triage. In particular，ZNF671 shows strong predictive performance for CIN2 + in HPV16/18 - positive women，and may serve as an auxiliary biomarker for identifying precancerous lesions. The combined model incorporating SOX1 further improves diagnostic accuracy.

62 Lactylation of PARP1 at K192 inhibits the migration and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells

SU Ning , CAO Ying , ZHANG Shuping , WU Shaojun , SUN Hongzhan , TANG Xuejun , YUAN Donglan , ZHANG Dong , YANG Lili , YING Xiaoyan

2025(9):1219-1228. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241251

[Abstract](1088) [HTML](214) [PDF 25.72 M](2535)

Abstract:
Objective：Ovarian cancer（OC）ranks among the leading causes of mortality among the female cancers worldwide. Numerous studies have explored the development and progression of OC at multiple genetic regulatory levels. However，relatively few studies have explored the impact of post -translational modifications（PTM）on OC progression，which is essential for uncovering new therapeutic targets. This study aimed to systematically identify the key PTM types involved in OCprogression，and to explore and evaluate their translational potential as therapeutic targets. Methods：First，we utilized multiple general PTM antibodies to compare gross PTM levels between normal ovarian and OC tissues from clinical females. After identifying lactylation as the PTM with the most significant differences，we selected representative samples for label-free mass spectrometry to identify specific lactylation sites. Next， we transfected A2780（OC）cells with either wild - type（WT）or mutant（K192A[Q]）poly（ADP - ribose）polymerase 1（PARP1） conjugated to enhanced green fluorescent protein（EGFP）with a Strep Ⅱ peptide tag and assessed various cellular indexes related to cell proliferation（clonogenicity assay），migration（scratch wound healing assay），and reactive oxygen species levels. Results：Panlactylation was significantly upregulated in clinical OC samples，with PARP1 lactylation at K192 being one of the most common modifications. The growth and migration of A2780 cells were markedly suppressed by overexpressing PARP1 - WT but not mutant PARP1. Overexpressing PARP1 significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2（ERK1/ 2）. Conclusion：This study uncovered a novel PTM of PARP1 in OC，lactylation，and demonstrated that lactylation at K192 is crucial in regulating OC cell growth and migration via the ERK1/2 pathway. Further investigations are required to elucidate the broader functional implications of PARP1 lactylation and its therapeutic potential.

63 Research progress on the treatment of triple negative breast cancer based on tumor sonodynamic therapy

HUANG Jiankang , JING Xiangxiang

2025, 45(8):1211-1218. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250413

[Abstract](986) [HTML](439) [PDF 3.37 M](1489)

Abstract:
Triple-negative breast cancer（TNBC）is a subtype of breast cancer with negative expression of estrogen receptor（ER）， progesterone receptor（PR）and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2（HER 2），which has extensive tumor heterogeneity at the pathological and molecular levels，and strong invasive and metastatic abilities. Currently，the treatment regimens for TNBC are not satisfactory，and there is a high possibility of recurrence and metastasis after treatment. Sonodynamic therapy（SDT），due to its non - invasiveness and high tissue penetration ability，has been gradually introduced into the research on the treatment of various cancers. This article briefly introduces the basic principle of SDT and the current research progress on the treatment of TNBC based on SDT.

64 Advances in the biological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of alpha⁃fetoprotein⁃ producing gastric cancer

LIU Yuqing , MA Ling , SHU Yongqian

2025, 45(8):1202-1210. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250338

[Abstract](819) [HTML](556) [PDF 501.64 K](1520)

Abstract:
The global incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer remain high. China bears a significantly higher disease burden from gastric cancer than the global average，with its mortality ranking third among all malignant tumors in the country. Alpha - fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer（AFPGC）is a special subtype of gastric cancer characterized by abnormally elevated serum alpha- fetoprotein（AFP）levels or positive AFP expression in tumor tissues detected by immunohistochemistry. The incidence of AFPGC in China accounts for approximately 2.3% - 4.6% of gastric cancer cases. Compared with conventional gastric cancer，AFPGC is more prone to distant metastasis，particularly liver metastasis，and has a poorer prognosis. Currently，there are no standardized treatment guidelines for AFPGC，and its management primarily relies on conventional gastric cancer treatment strategies. Research is ongoing to explore the differences between the occurrence and development of this tumor and general gastric cancer，as well as the related clinical features and efficacy of therapy. This article mainly reviews the biological features，clinicopathological characteristics and current treatment explorations of AFPGC in domestic and foreign research.

65 Total saponins of Panax notoginseng attenuate platelet hyperreactivity through down ⁃ regulating CD36 signalling pathway in mice fed a high⁃fat diet

ZHANG Chunmei , HU Jinqiu , BI Xiaoyan , MA Junyu , LI Mengyao , LI Rong , YA Fuli

2025, 45(8):1092-1100. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241340

[Abstract](975) [HTML](303) [PDF 3.22 M](1635)

Abstract:
Objective：The current study aims to assess the efficacy of total saponins of Panax notoginseng（PNS）supplementation on platelet hyperreactivity in hyperlipidemic mice as well as to clarify the underlying mechanisms in vivo. Methods：Healthy male C57BL/6J mice（aged 8 weeks）were randomly divided into four groups and fed either a low-fat diet（LFD group），a LFD supplemented with PNS（200 mg/kg diet，LFD+PNS group），a high-fat diet（HFD group），or a HFD supplemented with PNS（200 mg/kg diet，HFD+ PNS group）for 12 weeks. After that all mice were killed，and the plasma and purified platelets were prepared，followed by measurement levels of plasma lipid profile using commercial assay kits. A platelet aggregometer was used to measure maximal aggregation ratio. Platelet activation was determined by flow cytometry and enzyme - linked immunosorbent assays. Real - time PCR technique was used to detect CD36 mRNA expression，and Western blot was used to measure protein expression levels of CD36 and phosphorylation of Src and p47phox. Results：When compared with those in LFD group，the plasma levels of total cholesterol，triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly increased in HFD group，which were greatly decreased by PNS supplementation. Moreover，PNS supplementation favorably attenuated HFD-induced platelet aggregation and activation in response to an agonist thrombin，including inhibiting platelet surface CD62P expression，and platelet factor 4（PF4）and chemokine ligand 5 （CCL5）release，indicating a potent inhibitory effect of PNS on HFD-induced platelet hyperreactivity. Mechanistically，CD36 mRNA and protein expression increased by HFD were significantly down-regulated by PNS supplementation. Moreover，PNS supplementation also greatly attenuated HFD-induced activation of downstream signalling pathways mediated by CD36，including down-regulating Src and p47phox phosphorylation. Furthermore，it is found that platelet surface CD62P expression isolated from LFD mice in response to adenosine diphosphate were increased by adding hyperlipidemic plasma from HFD mice，which was greatly decreased in LFD+PNS group. This significant difference was abolished when pretreated with an anti-CD36 monoclonal antibody FA6-152. Conclusions：PNS supplementation attenuates platelet hyperreactivity in mice fed a high - fat diet possibly through down - regulating CD36 signalling pathway. The current study may provide potential value for PNS to improve thrombosis in hyperlipemia and the related chronic metabolic diseases.

66 Research progress of TRIM protein family in renal disease

TANG Hao , LU Hongcheng , HU Qiang

2025(8):1082-1091. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250338

[Abstract](1166) [HTML](436) [PDF 3.69 M](1492)

Abstract:
Among all renal diseases，chronic renal disease and renal cancer are significant threats to global health，with their core pathological mechanisms closely related to renal fibrosis and dysregulation of the tumor microenvironment. In recent years，the tripartite motif（TRIM）protein family has emerged as a new focus in renal disease research due to its critical roles in ubiquitination， immune regulation，and epigenetics. Studies have shown that TRIM proteins are involved in the pathological processes of renal diseases through multiple mechanisms，including the ubiquitin -proteasome system，oxidative stress，related signaling pathways，inflammatory immune regulation，and epigenetics. In terms of therapeutic strategies，gene silencing technologies，small molecule inhibitors，and recombinant proteins targeting TRIM proteins have shown potential. However，challenges such as the functional redundancy of TRIM family proteins，tissue-specific expression differences，and potential immunogenicity have made their clinical application difficult. This article provides a review of the molecular mechanisms of TRIM proteins in renal diseases and their therapeutic potential.

67 Correlation between CKAP4 in urinary extracellular vesicles and clinicopathology and prognosis of diabetic nephropathy

LIU Chang , QIAN Li , LU Fang , WANG Zitao , LI Qing , DUAN Suyan , WU Lin , ZHANG Bo , MAO Huijuan , LIANG Hongwei , YUAN Yanggang , XING Changying

2025(8):1063-1072. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250343

[Abstract](1122) [HTML](314) [PDF 24.76 M](2511)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the ability of the histological expression of the key protein cytoskeleton -associated protein 4 （CKAP4）in urine extracellular vesicles as a biomarker for the progression of diabetic kidney disease（DKD）. Methods：A total of 143 type 2 diabetic patients with biopsy -proven DKD and 10 patients with renal malignant tumors were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The expression of CKAP4 in renal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between CKAP4 expression level and clinical indicators. The area under the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve（AUC）was calculated to assess whether CKAP4 expression could effectively distinguish patients with poor renal prognosis. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the best cut-off value of CKAP4 score for renal events （highest Youden’s index）. Time - dependent AUC analyses were also performed to characterize the predictive accuracy of CKAP4 beyond 6 months after renal biopsy. In addition，hazard ratios between CKAP4 and DKD progression were calculated using by Cox proportional hazards models. The clinicopathological factors with statistical significance（P ＜ 0.05）in univariate analysis were included as covariates in multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis. Kaplan -Meier analysis was used to evaluate the difference in survival beyond 6 months after renal biopsy between CKAP4 high-expression and CKAP4 low-expression groups. Results：Compared with the adjacent normal kidney tissues of tumor patients，the expression of CKAP4 in the kidneys of DKD patients was significantly increased（P ＜ 0.05）. The expression of CKAP4 in renal tissues of DKD patients was different in different stages，and the differences between stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ ，stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅳ ，and stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ were statistically significant（P ＜ 0.05）. The expression level of CKAP4 in DKD patients was positively correlated with serum creatinine，urea nitrogen and 24 h urine protein，while negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate and hemoglobin. During a median follow-up period of 2.22 years， 63 patients（44.06% ）had DKD progression. Pearson correlation analysis showed that CKAP4 increased with the increase of pathological grade of DKD（r=0.808，P ＜ 0.001）. Of note，multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that elevated CKAP4 was associated with an increased risk of DKD progression（HR：4.120，95% CI：1.730- 9.811，P=0.001）. In addition，in Kaplan - Meier survival analysis，patients with high CKAP4 expression had a significantly higher incidence of renal endpoint events than those with low CKAP4 expression（P ＜ 0.001）. At the same time，a nomogram was developed including CKAP4 classification to predict the risk of DKD progression（C - index：0.689）. Conclusion：Our findings suggest that expression of CKAP4，derived from urine extracellular vesicles，is an independent risk factor for disease progression over 6 months after renal biopsy in DKD patients.

68 Application and challenges of transdermal drug delivery system for the treatment of central nervous system diseases

ZHU Senlin , XU Hua’e , QUAN Danyi

2025, 45(7):1007-1016. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNS20250712

[Abstract](1039) [HTML](493) [PDF 874.91 K](1530)

Abstract:
The classification of central nervous system diseases is complicated and the harm is serious. Because of the existence of blood -brain barrier（BBB），the treatment of central nervous system diseases has great difficulties in drug delivery. Transdermal drug delivery system（TDDS），as a novel drug delivery system that delivers drugs into the blood circulation through the skin，has played a significant role in the treatment of central nervous system diseases in recent years. Due to its unique advantages of painless and convenient administration，transdermal patch has good patient compliance and therapeutic effect，and significantly reduces the first pass effect and adverse reactions. This paper reviews the application of transdermal patches in the treatment of central nervous system diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and mental diseases，and focuses on the research progress of new technologies such as nanocarriers and microneedle technology in improving the efficiency of drug delivery. However，individual differences and long -term drug safety are still urgent problems to be solved. Future research should focus on the development of novel drug delivery technology and clinical translational application，so as to promote the further development of TDDS in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.

69 Cheese intake and the risk of healthspan terminated:association and metabolic mechanisms

WANG Xiao , WANG Yifan , SUN Longhu , ZHAO Xiaoyu , LIANG Shuang , BU Qingyin , WANG Qian , QIN Na , JIANG Yue , DAI Juncheng

2025, 45(7):991-1000. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250347

[Abstract](927) [HTML](358) [PDF 981.72 K](1557)

Abstract:
Objective：To clarify the association between cheese intake and healthspan，and further explore the underlying metabolic mechanisms. Methods：This study employed a nested case - control design and defined healthspan terminated（HST）based on eight reported sub-events of HST in UK Biobank（UKB）. 93 214 HST participants and 279 642 controls were included. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between cheese intake and HST，and Mendelian randomization（MR）was used to assess the causal effect. Furthermore，we explored the mediating role of metabolites in this relationship by Two - step MR and observational analysis. Results：Cheese intake is a protective factor for healthspan（P_trend ＜ 0.05）. Specifically，participants with high cheese intake （≥5 times/week）had a lower risk of HST（OR=0.93，95% CI：0.89-0.98）compared to those who never intake cheese. MR analysis confirmed this protective effect. Mediation analysis suggested that plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL -C）and glucose mediated 6.33% and 14.82% of this effect，respectively. Conclusion：These findings suggested that cheese intake might improve the healthspan by decreasing plasma glucose and increasing plasma HDL -C. As an important component of healthy diet，cheese intake might be recommended in our daily diet structure.

70 Wnt/PCP pathway and extracellular matrix mechanical signaling regulating CNN2 to promote collective migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

TAO Zifan , LIU Yiwei , WU Xiaofeng , YU Yue

2025, 45(7):936-944. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250286

[Abstract](738) [HTML](351) [PDF 2.35 M](1535)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms in Wnt/PCP signaling pathway and extracellular matrix （ECM）collaboratively regulating calponin-2（CNN2）to drive collective migration in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）cells. Methods： The expression characteristics of CNN2 across various tissues were analyzed by integrating data from The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA）and the Human Protein Atlas（HPA）. Its expression level and prognostic relevance in HCC were further evaluated using tissue microarrays. To investigate the functional role of CNN2 in cell migration，transwell and wound healing assays were performed. Furthermore，shRNA - lentivirus mediated knockdown of Wnt11 and CNN2 was employed to elucidate the regulatory relationship between the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway and CNN2，as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally，rigid substrates was used to mimic the ECM environment，aiming to explore its association with CNN2 expression and the migratory capacity of HCC cells. Results：CNN2 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and was predominantly enriched at the invasive tumor front，suggesting a potential role in the early stages of tumor cell migration. Functional assays further demonstrated that CNN2 significantly promoted collective migration of HCC cells，and its high expression was markedly associated with poor patient prognosis. Mechanistically，CNN2 was regulated by the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway，and its expression was notably upregulated under conditions simulating the mechanical properties of the ECM，indicating a critical role in the cellular perception and response to biomechanical signal. Conclusion：The Wnt/PCP signaling pathway regulates the expression and function of CNN2，while CNN2，as a mediator of mechanical signals，is regulated by ECM mechanical signals. Together，they synergistically drive the collective migration of HCC cells.

71 Research progress of oncolytic viruses in breast cancer treatment

CHEN Zonghao , WU Qiong , CHEN Lei

2025, 45(7):913-924. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250062

[Abstract](814) [HTML](485) [PDF 895.03 K](1623)

Abstract:
Breast cancer（BC），as the most common malignant tumor among women globally，has become a significant public health issue worldwide. Although improvements in early diagnosis and treatment technologies，the therapeutic outcomes remain less than satisfactory. BC，characterized by its high heterogeneity and multiple molecular subtypes，poses a considerable challenge to treatment due to its complex biological properties. Traditional chemotherapy and immunotherapy suffer from issues such as insufficient precision， severe side effects，and the tendency to develop drug resistance，thus highlighting the urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Oncolytic viruses（OV）have emerged as an innovative cancer treatment method. Their uniqueness lies in the ability to precisely identify and attack cancer cells while simultaneously activating the body’s immune system to combat cancer. Currently， various OVs have been applied in cancer therapy，including herpes simplex virus（HSV），newcastle disease virus（NDV），vesicular stomatitis virus（VSV），measles virus（MV），adenovirus（AdV），and vaccinia virus（VV）. Moreover，significant progress has been made in the construction of novel OV and the combination with traditional therapies. This article reviews the research progress of common OV in the field of BC treatment over the past five years，thus affirming the great potential of OV.

72 IGF2BP3 drives the metabolic ⁃ epigenetic crosstalk in triple ⁃ negative breast cancer through m6AEP300 axis⁃mediated lactylation modification

LI Yihan , WANG Ziwen , CHEN Rui , YANG Haiyan , CAI Mengyuan , LI Yixun , WU Kefei , WANG Yuxin , DING Qiang

2025, 45(7):905-912. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250474

[Abstract](1222) [HTML](737) [PDF 1.26 M](1882)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the functional impact of lactate on triple - negative breast cancer（TNBC）malignancy and elucidate an m6A-dependent epigenetic mechanism through which insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3（IGF2BP3） orchestrates metabolic reprogramming via regulation of EP300. Methods：TNBC cells were treated with exogenous sodium lactate supplementation to investigate their oncogenic effects. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed via CCK -8，colony formation， wound healing，and Transwell assays. Stable IGF2BP3-knockdown cell models were established using shRNA lentiviral vectors，with histone lactylation modification levels analyzed by Western blot. RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing（RIP - seq）and m6A - specific methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing（MeRIP-seq）were used to identify IGF2BP3’s m6A target genes，validated by qRT- PCR and Western blot for key molecule expression. Results：Sodium lactate treatment significantly enhanced TNBC cell proliferation and migration，with pan -lactylation levels increasing dose -dependently. IGF2BP3 knockdown reduced histone lactylation. Integrated RIP - seq/MeRIP - seq analysis identified 699 candidate genes whose transcripts bore both IGF2BP3 - specific binding and m6A modifications，significantly enriched in epigenetic regulation and metabolic pathways. IGF2BP3-binding regions on EP300 transcripts overlapped extensively with m6A sites，and EP300 expression was markedly downregulated post - IGF2BP3 knockdown. Conclusion：Exogenous lactate drives TNBC malignant progression by orchestrating pan - lactylation modifications. IGF2BP3 regulates EP300 expression through m6A - dependent mechanisms，mediating the synergistic interplay between histone lactylation and metabolic reprogramming to drive TNBC progression. These findings provide a theoretical basis for novel therapeutic strategies targeting metabolism-epigenetics crosstalk.

73 Research progress on the relationship between intestinal flora and HPV infection and cervical lesions

CHEN Shuai , ZHANG Ying , ZHANG Lina

2025, 45(6):883-890. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250264

[Abstract](907) [HTML](372) [PDF 2.61 M](1504)

Abstract:
Persistent high-risk human papilloma virus（HPV）infection is the main cause of cervical lesions. Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy among women globally，posing a severe threat to women’s health and lives. Intestinal flora can have anti - tumor effects through immunomodulation，inflammatory response，and metabolite synthesis，according to numerous research conducted in recent years. Research on the relationship between intestinal flora and cervical cancer has revealed notable variations in the diversity and composition of intestinal flora between patients with the disease and healthy controls. These findings have also raised the possibility that certain intestinal flora may serve as biomarkers for cervical cancer prevention and early detection. Furthermore， through the estrogen-mediated“gut-vaginal axis”，intestinal flora can interact with the vaginal microbiome，thereby affecting vaginal microecology，HPV infection，and cervical lesions. However，existing studies are mainly based on cross-sectional analyses with small sample sizes and a lack of longitudinal studies and experimental evidence. More thorough research is still required to elucidate the precise linkages and mechanisms of action. The article reviews the research progress on the relationship between intestinal flora and HPV infection and cervical lesions by summarizing the existing research results.

74 Comparative performance of multimodal imaging for the assessment of lesion extent of breast ductal carcinoma in situ

QU Ying , HUANG Yue , LI Minghui , SUN Chang , WANG Shui

2025, 45(6):798-809. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250208

[Abstract](788) [HTML](272) [PDF 12.18 M](2451)

Abstract:
Objective：To compare the efficacy of three conventional imaging tests，mammography（MG），ultrasonography（US），and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI），in assessing the lesion size of ductal carcinoma in situ（DCIS）or DCIS with microinvasion（DCISMI），and explore their potential value in guiding breast - conserving surgery. Methods：We retrospectively collected case files of patients with pathologically confirmed DCIS/DCIS -MI in our hospital，and compared the lesion sizes assessed by the three imaging modalities with the“gold standard”pathological size，and evaluated the accuracy and consistency of the different imaging modalities by using McNemar’s test and Bland-Altman’s method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the clinicopathologic features that influenced the accuracy of the assessment，followed by subgroup analyses. Finally，the influencing factors leading to falsenegative -imaging results were explored and analyzed. Results：A total of 263 patients with DCIS/DCIS-MI were enrolled in this study. Regarding the measurement mean deviation，MRI mostly overestimated（+3.5 mm）lesions，while MG（-2.5 mm）and US（-1.4 mm） underestimated them. Consistency analysis suggested that MRI had the strongest correlation with pathological findings（r=0.853）and the narrowest range of 95% limits of agreement（95% LOA）（-1.73~2.44 cm），which was superior to MG（r=0.561）and US（r=0.614）. McNemar test indicated MRI’s superiority over US/MG（P ＜ 0.05），while combined US+MG achieved comparable accuracy to MRI（P= 0.921）. Logistic regression analysis showed that age ＞60 years at diagnosis（OR=0.322），tumor diameter 16-40 mm（OR=3.019），and ≥ 41 mm（OR=6.146）significantly affected the accuracy of MG assessment（all P ＜ 0.05）. Tumor diameters of 16-40 mm（OR=2.270） and ≥41 mm（OR=4.237）and ductal dilatation sign（OR=1.728）significantly increased the risk of US assessment error（all P ＜ 0.05）. Moderate -to - severe breast background parenchymal enhancement（OR=2.139）and non -mass -like foci of enhancement（OR=2.655） significantly increased the risk of MRI assessment error（all P ＜ 0.05）. Subgroup analyses suggested comparable performance for lesions ≤15 mm，US preference for 16-40 mm lesions，and MRI advantage for ≥41 mm lesions. In addition，the HER2 expression status （OR=0.100）and the Ki67 expression level（OR=0.297）were independent predictors for MG detection failure（all P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion：Preoperative MRI is beneficial for guiding precise breast-conserving surgery in DCIS/DCIS-MI patients，particularly for lesions ≥41 mm. In clinical practice at primary hospitals，the combined use of US and MG can be promoted. For patients with low HER2 and Ki67 expression，the possibility of false-negative results should be considered during preoperative MG evaluation.

75 Combined analysis of scRNAseq and Bulk RNAseq revealed that MTRNR2L1 mediated the downregulation of PANoptosis in COPD

GE Yanlei , SUN Siyi , REN Hongqin , YAO Xuexin , ZHAO Qian , LI Wenqiang , CHEN Weibin , BAI Jing , YU Changli , DONG Aiying , LIU Tiejun , FU Aishuang

2025, 45(6):786-797. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240702

[Abstract](635) [HTML](388) [PDF 196.88 M](2510)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the mechanism of MT -RNR2-like protein 1（MTRNR2L1）- mediated regulation of PANoptosis during the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD），and to provide new ideas for finding the pathogenesis of COPD. Methods：Bulk RNA sequencing（Bulk RNA-seq）data and single cell RNA sequencing（scRNA-Seq）data from COPD patients in Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO）were used to explore the cellular composition in COPD patients’lung tissues and to analyze the pathways involved in the development of the disease. PANoptosis was simulated in smoke/lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-exposed mice，and MTRNR2L1 and PANoptosis protein expression levels were assessed to clarify their roles in the development of COPD. Results：Bulk RNA -seq demonstrated the altered expression of T cell response - related genes between the COPD patients and the normal controls. scRNA-seq confirmed decreased CD8+ T cells and increased epithelial cells in the COPD patients compared with controls. MTRNR2L1 was upregulated in COPD patient immune and epithelial cells，then those of controls PANoptosis-related genes were reduced in lungs， CD8 + T cells and epithelial cells of COPD patients then those of controls：Smoke/LPS-exposed mouse lungs exhibit alveolar damage， increased expression of PANoptosis-related proteins，while MTRNR2L1 overexpression significantly inhibited cellular PANoptosis and downregulated the levels of ZBP1，Caspase -3，GSDMD，and MLKL. Conclusion：The differentially expressed genes in CD8 + T cells and epithelial cells were enriched in pathways related to PANoptosis，suggesting the involvement of PANoptosis in the development of COPD. The process of PANoptosis in the onset and development of COPD was associated with increased expression of PANoptosis - related proteins. MTRNR2L1 exhibited an inhibitory effect on PANoptosis，and regulating PANoptosis may provide new therapeutic opportunities for reducing lung injury and improving lung ventilatory function.

76 Baicalin activates autophagy,inhibits inflammation and promotes odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells

CUI Chuang , SUN Siyi , QIN Ziyi , SHA Ying , XU Hai , JIANG Fei , ZHANG Guangdong

2025, 45(6):766-776. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250241

[Abstract](803) [HTML](221) [PDF 180.47 M](2728)

Abstract:
Objective：This study aims to verify the anti-inflammatory effect of baicalin（BA）in an inflammatory environment and explore its influence on the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells（hDPSC），providing a reference for the vital pulp therapy of pulpitis. Methods：Select the early inflammatory pulp tissue of the human teeth for making frozen sections and conducting HE staining，interleukin（IL）-1β immunohistochemical staining，as well as IL-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS） immunofluorescence staining. Human monocyte leukemia cells（THP-1）were differentiated into macrophages and polarized to the M1 subtype under the induction of lipopolysaccharide（LPS）and interferon-γ（IFN-γ）. Then，cells were treated with BA（50 μmol/L）， the expression levels of iNOS，IL-1β，and IL-8 were analyzed using immunofluorescence，real-time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR），and Western blot. Additionally，the expression changes of LC3B，Beclin-1，and P62 were assessed by Western blot to monitor autophagic flux alterations in macrophages. To further investigate the relationship between inflammation inhibition and autophagy，we employed the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA to block autophagic flux and re-evaluated the expression changes of IL-1β and IL-8. Supernatants from macrophages cultured under various conditions were collected，and the conditioned medium was prepared and added to mineralized hDPSC. The odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation ability of hDPSC in an inflammatory environment was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase ALP staining，alizarin reds（ARS）staining，RT - PCR，and Western blot. Results：The expression of IL - 1β and iNOS around the inflammatory area of early pulpitis tissue was significantly increased. After induced by LPS and IFN-γ，macrophages were polarized from M0 to M1，and the expressions of iNOS，IL-1β and IL-8 significantly increased. After co-incubation with 50 μmol/L BA for 24 hours，the polarization degree of M1 macrophages significantly decreased，the mRNA levels of IL - 1β and IL - 8 significantly decreased compared with the M1 group. Compared with the M1 group，the expressions of LC3B -Ⅱ and Beclin -1 increased after the addition of BA，while the expression of P62 was inhibited. After 3 - MA blocked autophagy，the mRNA levels of IL - 1β and IL - 8 significantly increased. After adding the supernatant of M1 macrophages to hDPSC and inducing mineralization for 7~21 days，the ALP activity of hDPSC decreased，the calcium salt deposition significantly reduced，and the expressions of ALP，DSPP，RUNX2，OPN and COL - 1 significantly decreased. When adding the supernatant of M1 macrophages treated with BA，the ALP activity of hDPSC significantly increased，the calcium salt deposition significantly increased，and the expressions of ALP，DSPP，RUNX2，OPN and COL-1 significantly increased. Conclusion：BA can inhibit inflammatory responses by activating autophagy，thereby enabling hDPSC to function in an inflammatory microenvironment.

77 Potential and prospects of event ⁃ related potentials in the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders

XING Haoran , ZHAO Haiqiang , BAO Tianhao

2025(6):756-765. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250088

[Abstract](339) [HTML](427) [PDF 8.92 M](2268)

Abstract:
Depressive disorder，as a common mental health condition，imposes a significant burden on both patients and society. However，its early diagnosis and precise treatment remain challenging，highlighting the urgent need for objective and reproducible neural biomarkers. In recent years，event - related potentials（ERPs），as a neurophysiological tool characterized by high temporal resolution，cost-effectiveness，and non-invasiveness，have opened new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders. The article reviews the latest advances in the research of various ERP components in depressive disorders，with a particular focus on their potential applications and current challenges in the diagnosis，differential diagnosis，and treatment outcome evaluation of depressive disorders. The aim is to provide insights and references for future research and application of ERPs as neurobiological markers in the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of depressive disorders.

78 Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and depression:hypothesis and evidence

ZHU Linlin , ZHANG Jing , ZHOU Qigang

2025(6):745-755. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250176

[Abstract](878) [HTML](525) [PDF 8.58 M](2429)

Abstract:
Depression，as a neuropsychiatric disorder with high prevalence，strong concealment and high relapse rate，is a serious threat to human physical and mental health. The hippocampus，a key brain region for regulating emotional and cognitive functions，has been found to have persistent neurogenesis in its dentate gyrus during adulthood. In recent years，a large amount of evidence suggests that adult hippocampal neurogenesis processes are closely related to the pathophysiology of depression. However，the causal association between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the pathology of depression has not been systematically summarized. In this review，we summarized four aspects of evidence supporting the‘adult hippocampal neurogenesis hypothesis’of depression：the reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis induces depressive phenotypes and related pathologies；depression models reduce adult hippocampal neurogenesis；the increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis exerts antidepressant effect；and current antidepressants treatment increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis. This review is the first to comprehensively and systematically summarize the causal role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression，providing new perspectives on the mechanisms of depression and antidepressants.

79 Research status of obstructive sleep apnea in women

TANG Xiaoqing , GUO Hua , CUI Xiaochuan

2025(5):727-736. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241445

[Abstract](777) [HTML](341) [PDF 950.56 K](1585)

Abstract:
Obstructive sleep apnea（OSA）is a potentially fatal sleep - related respiratory disease that can lead to serious health complications. The prevalence of OSA in women varies by life stages，especially increasing significantly during pregnancy and after menopause. Its pathophysiological mechanism involves anatomical，physiological and hormonal changes，resulting in different clinical manifestations from men. Accordingly，this article reviews the research status of female obstructive sleep apnea，including epidemiology，pathophysiological mechanisms，diagnosis and evaluation，treatment and management. This review aims to provide new ideas for optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of female OSA.

80 Advances in the drug resistance mechanism of antibody⁃drug conjugates in breast cancer

LU Rongrong , QU Fei , LI Wei

2025(5):707-717. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240894

[Abstract](1889) [HTML](450) [PDF 7.45 M](2451)

Abstract:
Antibody - drug conjugates（ADC），as a class of innovative therapies，have shown significant activity in breast cancer. ADCs are conjugated from monoclonal antibodies，linkers and cytotoxic payloads，which harnesses the highly specific targeting capabilities of antibodies along with the potent cancer killing effects of the cytotoxic drugs，demonstrating significant efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer. Nonetheless，as ADCs have been widely used in clinical practice，resistance to ADCs has been observed in breast cancer patients. In this review，we summarized ADCs’current applications in the treatment of breast cancer and classified the mechanisms underlying ADC resistance into several distinct categories as follows：inadequate antigen - antibody binding，impaired internalization and trafficking pathways of ADCs，defective lysosomal function，aberrant payload release，tumor insensitivity to the payloads，and cyclin deficiency. Furthermore，we summarized the contemporary strategies designed to address ADC resistance，such as the combined use of ADCs with other therapeutic agents，including chemotherapeutic agents，targeted therapies，and immune checkpoint inhibitors，as well as the development of new drugs. This review aims to offer reference options for the treatment of patients with ADC-resistant breast cancer.

81 Non⁃vesicular extracellular nanoparticles:a critical mode of intercellular communication

WANG Jingxiao , ZHU Guoqing

2025(5):683-690,726. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN250019

[Abstract](866) [HTML](377) [PDF 4.99 M](1497)

Abstract:
Non-vesicular extracellular nanoparticles（NVEPs）are newly discovered nanoscale-sized particles released by cells. Two types of NVEPs with important intercellular communication functions are exomeres（EMs）and supermeres（SMs）. They differ from extracellular vesicles（EVs）in that they are not enclosed by a plasma membrane and have a smaller diameter. Both EMs and SMs contain various signaling molecules including proteins，nucleic acids，and lipids，and their primary function is to realize intercellular communication. The EMs or SMs transport signal molecules to target cells，and are taken up by the target cells，thereby regulating the phenotype and function of the cells. This review mainly focuses on the latest research progress of EMs and SMs in the aspects of cell biology，pathophysiology，pathogenesis and potential value.

82 Application of functional near⁃infrared spectroscopy in the field of stroke

NIE Ping , WANG Zhaolu , TANG Jinrong

2025(5):605-611. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241275

[Abstract](772) [HTML](658) [PDF 2.54 M](1570)

Abstract:
Stroke，as an acute cerebrovascular disease，is characterised by high incidence，high recurrence rate，high disability rate， high mortality rate，and significant economic burden，posing an extremely serious threat to human life and health. Functional near - infrared spectroscopy（fNIRS），a non -invasive，portable，and electromagnetic interference - resistant optical brain imaging technique， has seen extensive application in neuroscience and clinical rehabilitation fields in recent years. Particularly in the neurological rehabilitation of stroke，fNIRS has provided substantial support for rehabilitation assessment，treatment optimization and neural mechanism research due to its unique advantages. This paper reviews the main applications，research progress，existing controversies， and future research directions of fNIRS in this field，aiming to provide a reference for the research and practice in neurological rehabilitation of stroke.

83 Neutrophils:a stumbling block in stroke reperfusion therapy

CHEN Wei , WU Haiyin , ZHU Dongya

2025(5):593-604. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241207

[Abstract](1053) [HTML](618) [PDF 13.70 M](2544)

Abstract:
Stroke is an acute neurologic injury caused by ischemia or hemorrhage that stems from a wide range of pathologies，with high rates of morbidity，mortality，and disability. Thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are the only Food and Drug Administration in United States of America approved methods for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke（AIS），but clinical benefits of the reperfusion therapy are significantly limited by hemorrhagic transformations（HT），the resistance to thrombolytic drugs，and reperfusion no - reflow. Although the factors leading to these problems are complex，neutrophils play the most critical role in them. Based on the latest research progress in recent years，this review focuses on the role of neutrophils in mediating the pathophysiological events of AIS，the specific mechanisms by which neutrophils cause HT，thrombolytic drug resistance，and no-reflow after reperfusion therapy，as well as strategies targeting neutrophils to prevent or alleviate these complications following reperfusion therapy，offering new insights for the clinical therapy and drug development of ischemic stroke.

84 Research progress and application prospects of speech recognition technology in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis

LI Jinyu , ZHAO Taihong

2025(4):574-579,587. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241209

[Abstract](579) [HTML](524) [PDF 1.83 M](1477)

Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically emerges in early childhood，with core symptoms predominantly manifesting in language and social interaction. Although traditional diagnostic tools，such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2，are widely used，they often have limited accessibility and objectivity in younger children and in primary healthcare settings. Due to its strong quantitative capabilities，relatively low cost，and high sensitivity to early speech anomalies in infants，speech recognition technology has emerged as a promising approach for ASD diagnostic support. This paper systematically reviews the latest research on the application of speech recognition in early screening across different age groups， diagnosis of comorbid emotional issues，assessment of disease severity，and multimodal data integration. The findings indicate that extracting acoustic features（such as fundamental frequency，speech rate，and pauses）can effectively distinguish individuals with ASD from typically developing children，while also identifying comorbidities like anxiety，depression，and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore，multimodal fusion（e.g.，neuroimaging，physiological signals，and behavioral data）can further improve diagnostic accuracy. However，challenges persist，including inadequate data diversity，limitations related to dialect and age applicability，confounding effects of comorbid conditions，and concerns over privacy.

85 Prospective analysis of early gut microbiota changes in severe burn patients aged 50 and above based on 16S rRNA high⁃throughput sequencing

QIN Hao , XIE Weiguo , CHEN Xiaohong , LIU Meng , TIAN Xia

2025(4):523-534. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241105

[Abstract](756) [HTML](596) [PDF 1.20 M](1348)

Abstract:
Objective：To analyze the early changes in the gut microbiota of patients aged 50 and above with severe burns using high -throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA（16S rRNA），and to provide a basis for applying intestinal flora intervention strategies in this patient population. Methods：Thirteen patients with severe burns（burn group）and twelve healthy volunteers（control group）were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical data and fecal samples were collected from both groups，and 16S rRNA V4 region gene sequencing was performed to assess the relative abundance of various bacterial taxa. The Rarefy method was employed to generate operational taxonomic units（OTUs），and Z-score normalization was applied to identify differentially abundant bacteria. A heatmap for differential bacterial communities was constructed. The number of fecal microbiota OTUs and diversity indices were analyzed using QIIME. Linear discriminant analysis effect size（LEfSe）was used to identify dominant bacterial groups. The functional abundance of the microbiota was predicted using PICRUSt2 software. The correlations among differential bacterial taxa at the genus level were visualized using the igraph package in R language. Results：The early gut microbiota of severe burn patients was predominantly composed of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. Twenty - three bacterial genera exhibited significant differences between the two groups（P ＜ 0.05）. The heatmap of differential bacterial communities indicated that the burn group had a slightly lower abundance of microbial taxa than the control group. LEfSe analysis indicated that，compared to the control group，the burn group exhibited a significant increase in bacterial species in one phylum，two classes，six orders，six families，and ten genera. The differential microbial distribution dendrogram suggested that Bacilli were the primary distinguishing marker for the burn group， while Clostridia were the main marker for the control group. KEGG functional prediction analysis indicated no significant differences between the two groups（P ＞ 0.05）. Combined network visualization analysis revealed that Firmicutes exerted the greatest influence， with 136 bacterial genera showing significant positive or negative correlations（|r|＞ 0.3，P ＜ 0.05），primarily through synergistic interactions. Conclusion：In patients aged 50 and above with severe burns，there are significant differences in early gut microbiota compared to healthy peers of the same age. The abundance of beneficial bacterial species is reduced，the proportion of anaerobic bacteria is significantly increased. Additionally，there are certain synergistic and antagonistic interactions among different microbial communities.

86 The value of PAX1 gene methylation in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical lesions

ZHANG Ying , CHEN Shuai , ZHANG Lina

2025(4):471-477. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241046

[Abstract](1018) [HTML](601) [PDF 810.35 K](1445)

Abstract:
Cervical cancer，the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide，is more significant and prevalent，especially in low - and middle - income countries. Its occurrence is closely related to human papillomavirus（HPV）infection. Through in - depth analysis and synthesis of related literature，this review indicates that the methylation status of the paired box 1（PAX1）gene can be used as an important marker for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Compared with traditional methods，PAX1 methylation status demonstrated more excellent specificity and sensitivity，providing new possibilities for the early detection of cervical cancer. Meanwhile，it was also found that the methylation status of PAX1 gene can also be used to assess the prognosis of cervical cancer after treatment. In the pathogenesis of cervical cancer，hypermethylation of the promoter region of the PAX1 gene leads to a significant downregulation of its expression，which not only weakens the physiological function of PAX1，but also interferes with the normal regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition，the combination of PAX1 gene methylation and other biomarkers can significantly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of cervical cancer screening. Although the current research on PAX1 methylation is constrained by factors such as small clinical sample size and short research period，it has shown an important role and wide application potential in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. With the continuous development of technology and in - depth research，PAX1 methylation is expected to become an important tool for early screening and personalized treatment of cervical cancer.

87 The clinical value of imaging model based on tumor ⁃ pleura relationship on CT for predicting occult mediatinal lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma

HAO Qinmin , JIA Yizhen , LI Hai , YU Tongfu , XU Hai , YUAN Mei

2025(4):463-470. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241402

[Abstract](545) [HTML](436) [PDF 1.10 M](1581)

Abstract:
Objective：To construct a predictive model for occult mediastinal lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma based on clinical and imaging features of the primary tumor. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on lung adenocarcinoma patients，who underwent surgical treatment and lymph node dissection with or without occult mediastinal lymph node metastasis on pathology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2009 to 2019. Multiple clinical and imaging features of the patient were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors，and an imaging model incorporating multiple CT characteristics was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curves were established to evaluate the predictive efficacy and clinical utility value of each model. Results：Among the final 780 patients with normal-sized lymph nodes，145 cases exhibited lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis suggested that tumor size，axial location， nodule characteristics，morphological features，pleural pulling sign，and type of pleural adjacency were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor size（OR=1.019，95% CI：1.002- 1.036，P=0.028），nodule characteristics（OR=0.361，95% CI：0.202-0.646，P=0.001），pleural tag（OR=1.835，95%CI：1.152-2.924，P=0.011），and presence of mediastinal pleural abutting（OR=1.796，95% CI：1.106- 2.919，P=0.018）were independent predictors of occult mediastinal lymph node metastasis. The imaging model developed based on these predictors showed an area under the curve（AUC）of 0.75，with a sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 53.1%. Conclusion：The imaging model based on chest CT scans demonstrates excellent clinical value in predicting occult mediastinal lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. It provides a basis for non-invasive preoperative decision making and surgical treatment planning by clinicians.

88 Advances in non⁃pharmacologic treatment of cancer patients with depression

ZHU Xuanyan , ZHANG Qiaoyang , DONG Guanzhong , CAO Yin

2025(4):453-462. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241213

[Abstract](565) [HTML](398) [PDF 826.56 K](1361)

Abstract:
Cancer patients are often combined with depressive symptoms，which is not conducive to the recovery of the disease. Currently，the treatment of cancer with depression is based on drugs，but it is prone to interact with antitumor drugs，and the excessive drug burden may lead to poor patient compliance，affecting the treatment and prognosis of the disease. Therefore，it is particularly important to discover safer and more effective treatments. This article reviews the progress of non-pharmacological therapies at home and abroad in recent years，with a view to providing ideas for optimizing the treatment of cancer with depression.

89 Evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer based on clinical and MR image data

MENG Huihui , YU Jing , WU Feiyun

2025(4):443-452. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241039

[Abstract](942) [HTML](465) [PDF 1.35 M](1343)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the risk factors of pathological complete response（pCR）after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer based on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）data. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted on 175 patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer through biopsy and clinical diagnosis from December 2014 to November 2022，who underwent total mesorectal excision（TME）after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. These patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set in a 7∶3 ratio. The training set included 122 patients，with 30 in the pCR group and 92 in the non-pCR group；the remaining 53 patients served as the validation set（10 in the pCR group and 43 in the non-pCR group）. Clinical data，imaging examination and pathological data of patients before and after treatment were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. The diagnostic efficacy of predictive factors was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. The diagnostic efficacy of predictive factors was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve，calculating the area under the curve（AUC），cutoff value，sensitivity，and specificity. Differences in AUC values were compared using the DeLong test. Results：Statistically significant differences were observed in the maximum tumor diameter before and after treatment，the depth of tumor infiltration before and after treatment，the CEA value after treatment，the number of lymph nodes around the tumor after treatment，extramural vascular invasion before and after treatment，imaging T and N stages after treatment，and the mesorectal fascia between the pCR and non-pCR groups. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis identified extramural depth after treatment was an independent risk factor for evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Extramural depth after treatment demonstrated good diagnostic efficacy in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in both the training and validation sets. The AUC values for the training and the validation sets were 0.783 and 0.765，respectively，with cutoff values of 0.555 and 0.627，sensitivity of 0.870 and 0.852，and the specificity of 0.733 and 0.773. There was no statistically difference after Hosmer - Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Conclusion：Evaluating the extramural depth is helpful to evaluate the pCR rate of locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer，providing a convenient and non -invasive diagnostic tool for clinic practice and guiding individualized treatment.

90 Research progress on inhibitors of α ⁃ synuclein aggregation，a marker for Parkinson’s disease

LI Qi , QIN Yajuan , TANG Lijun

2025(3):404-417. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241237

[Abstract](1012) [HTML](742) [PDF 5.95 M](1568)

Abstract:
Parkinson’s disease（PD）is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The pathological aggregation of α- synuclein（α-syn）is a biomarker of PD，which is closely related to the occurrence and development of PD. Finding an inhibitor that can inhibit the formation of pathological aggregates such as α-syn oligomer and α-syn protofibrils at the early stage of the disease is of great significance for the treatment of PD. In recent years，significant progress has been made in the research of inhibitors targeting α-syn aggregation. This review summarizes the structure，physiological function，pathological mechanism and inhibitors of α-syn aggregation， aiming to provide a reference for the further research and development of α-syn aggregation inhibitors.

91 Myosteatosis as a new prognostic factor in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors

GU Tianhao , LI Fengyuan , XU Hao

2025(3):373-381,388. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241208

[Abstract](875) [HTML](393) [PDF 81.47 M](2374)

Abstract:
Objective：This study aims to investigate the predictive role of baseline body composition parameters，including specifically myosteatosis，sarcopenia，and the cachexia index，on disease -free survival（DFS）in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors（GIST）receiving postoperative imatinib therapy. Methods：This single-center retrospective study included 82 moderate-or high-risk GIST patients who underwent tumor resection and were pathologically diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2014 and December 2018. Body composition parameters including skeletal muscle index，subcutaneous and visceral adipose index，and low-attenuation muscle area were quantified via CT imaging at the L3 vertebral level to assess the presence of myosteatosis or sarcopenia in patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between these parameters and DFS. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated，and the model’s predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curves，calibration curves，and decision curve analysis（DCA）. Results：The median follow-up duration for the 82 patients was 72 months，with 22 cases（26.83%）experiencing recurrence during this period. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that myosteatosis（P=0.010），high-risk status（P=0.011）， and C -KIT exon 13 mutation（P=0.002）were independent risk factors for DFS. The nomogram based on these factors yielded area under the ROC curve of 0.728 and 0.746 for 3 -，5-year DFS，respectively，indicating strong predictive performance. Additionally， decision curve analysis confirmed the nomogram’s utility in clinical decision -making. Conclusion：Myosteatosis，risk stratification， and C-KIT exon mutation types represent important prognostic factors for DFS in GIST patients. Compared to sarcopenia，myosteatosis shows greater clinical value in predicting prognosis and may serve as a novel prognostic factor for GIST patients.

92 Mechanism research of mitochondria-targeted drug Mitochonic acid 5 regulating mitochondrial homeostasis to alleviate renal fibrosis

QIAN Li , CHEN Chen , LI Qing , WU Lin , XING Changying , MAO Huijuan , YUAN Yanggang

2025(3):311-318. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240954

[Abstract](982) [HTML](594) [PDF 8.65 M](2500)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the effect of mitochondrial targeting drug Mitochonic acid 5（MA-5）on renal fibrosis and its mechanism. Methods：Twenty-four 8-week-old SPF C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into four groups：control group，MA-5 group，unilateral ureteral obstruction（UUO）group，and UUO+MA-5 group. Mice in all four groups underwent surgery to expose the ureter and kidney. The UUO and UUO +MA- 5 group received ureteral ligation，while the control and MA- 5 groups had the ureter exposed and sutured without ligation. From the 2nd day after operation，the MA-5 and the UUO+MA-5 group received MA-5 by gavage continuously until the 7th day，whilethe control and UUO group were given the corresponding doses of corn oilby gavage. The mice were sacrificed on the 7th day after UUO，and the kidney and blood samples were collected. Subsequently，Masson and Sirius Red staining were used to assess renal fibrosis. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）and CollagenⅠ（Col1）were explored by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore，Western blot was used to detect the expression of mitochondrial andaging-related proteins. Mouse renal tubular epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and stimulated with transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β）. Western blot was used to detect the expression of α-SMA，Fibronectin，and Vimentin in tubular epithelial cells with or without MA-5 intervention. Results： Seven days after UUO，Masson and Sirius Red staining of renal tissue showed that the UUO group had severe renal fibrosis，and the UUO + MA-5 group had significantly reduced renal fibrosis compared to the UUO group. The results of Western Blot and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of α-SMA and Col1 in the UUO+MA-5 group was significantly lower than that in the UUO group（P < 0.05）. Further study showed that mitochondrial biosynthesis，fusion and motility were decreased in the UUO group， with decreased expression of superoxide dismutase 2（SOD2）. MA-5 treatment significantly increased the expression of Mitofilin in the kidney of UUO mice，improved mitochondrial function，and increased the expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α（PGC1-α），Mitofusin 2（Mfn2），the mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1（Miro1）and SOD2（all P < 0.05）. The results in vitro showed that MA-5 could reduce the expression of fibrosis-related proteins induced by TGF-β in cultured tubular epithelial cells（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Renal fibrosis occurs in mice after UUO，and MA-5 can attenuate TGF-β induced tubular epithelial cells fibrosis by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.

93 Antinuclear antibodies in assisted reproductive technology：clinical relevance and therapeutic implications

DING Kai , LI Xin , ZHAO Chun

2025(3):301-310. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241407

[Abstract](1092) [HTML](744) [PDF 873.64 K](1563)

Abstract:
In the application of assisted reproductive technology（ART），the impact of antinuclear antibody（ANA）on the pregnancy outcomes of infertile patients has garnered attention. ANA，as a biomarker of autoimmune abnormalities，has been extensively studied for its association with unexplained infertility and its potential effects on oocyte and embryo quality. Current evidence suggests that a positive ANA status may be associated with reduced ovarian reserve function，poor embryo development，decreased clinical pregnancy rates，and increased risk of miscarriage. The level of ANA in follicular fluid is considered a sensitive indicator for predicting autoimmunity-related infertility. Specific ANA subtypes，such as anti -dsDNA antibodies and anti -centromere antibodies（ACA），are related to oocyte maturation disorder and delayed embryo development. Nevertheless，the direct link between a positive ANA status and the decline in female fertility and adverse reproductive outcomes requires further research for clarification. The review also discusses various treatment options for ANA-positive patients，including glucocorticoids，low-dose aspirin，and hydroxychloroquine， aiming to provide guidance for clinical practice and research in ART.

94 Results and significance of chromosomal karyotype analysis of 3591 sperm donors in Jiangsu Province

LIN Faxi , WANG Jiaxiong , YAN Jing , SUN Hongyong , WANG Zengjun

2025(3):295-300,326. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240842

[Abstract](1303) [HTML](468) [PDF 4.64 M](1576)

Abstract:
Objective：To analyze the genetic characteristics of chromosomes of sperm donor volunteers in human sperm bank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University，for more than ten years，and to explore the role of sperm bank chromosomal karyotypes analysis and screening in avoiding adverse pregnancy outcomes after sperm donor treatment. Methods：The chromosomal karyotypes examination results of 3 591 sperm donors，who underwent sperm screening at the Human Sperm Bank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2012 to December 2023，were retrospectively analyzed to classify the distribution and types of chromosomal karyotypes abnormalities. Results：Among the 3 591 sperm donors，there were 62 cases of karyotype abnormalities，accounting for 1.73% of all volunteers，of which the most common were pericentric inversions（30/62），followed by secondary constriction region enlargement（13/62），and then short-arm enlargement（7/62）and translocation（6/62）. In addition to this， there were 3 cases of satellite enlargement，1 case of double enlargement，1 case of enlarged centromere，and 1 case of marker chromosome. Conclusion：In view of the known or potential adverse effects of karyotype abnormalities on pregnancy outcomes and offspring health，sperm banks are required to conduct rigorous cytogenetic screening of sperm donor volunteers to circumvent the risk of failure of subsequent sperm donor treatments and to fulfil the societal role of assisted conception and eugenics.

95 Recent advance in mechanism of cognitive impairment induced by chronic kidney disease

ZHAO Xiangyu , YAO Xinyi , SUN Meiling

2025(2):260-270. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240862

[Abstract](1066) [HTML](917) [PDF 10.84 M](2623)

Abstract:
Chronic kidney disease（CKD）is a common chronic disease，which is characterized by structural defects and dysfunction in the kidney. The incidence of cognitive dysfunction in CKD patients is significantly higher than that in the general population. Cognitive dysfunction seriously affects the quality of life and therapeutic treatment of CKD patients. In recent years，significant progress has been made in research on the mechanisms and treatments of cognitive impairment induced by CKD. The risk factors of CKD induced cognitive dysfunction include vascular damage，uremic toxins，metabolic acidosis，hemodialysis，and these factors are interwoven with complex mechanisms of renal -brain crosstalk. The current treatments for CKD induced cognitive dysfunction mainly rely on drug therapy，combined with other non-drug therapeutic approaches，such as cognitive rehabilitation training and non-invasive brain electrophysiological stimulation，aiming to achieve optimal therapeutic effects. This review focused on the research progress of the mechanisms and treatments of cognitive impairment induced by CKD，providing a basis for the early identification，prevention，and treatment of cognitive dysfunction. In the future，studies will continue to explore the pathogenesis of CKD induced cognitive impairment，aiming to provide more effective treatment strategies for clinical practice and improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.

96 Correlation between consensus clustering for multiparametric MRI ⁃ based radiomics features and clinical and histopathological features of early⁃stage cervical cancer

LU Yao , SHAO Wenhui , SONG Jiacheng , ZHANG Aining , DUAN Shaofeng , QU Feifei , CHENG Wenjun , CHEN Ting , WU Feiyun

2025(2):208-217. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240525

[Abstract](1228) [HTML](501) [PDF 5.10 M](1631)

Abstract:
Objective：To investigate the correlation between MRI phenotypes and various clinical and histopathological characteristics in patients with early - stage cervical cancer（CC）. Methods：The MRI radiomics features，along with clinical and histopathological characteristics of 164 patients with CC were collected retrospectively from July 2019 to December 2023. Tumors and pelvic lymph nodes of all patients were divided into two clusters using raidomics-based consensus clustering. Differences in clinical and histopathological characteristics between the two groups were compared. Results：Tumor - based clustering analysis showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of average age，histological type，tumor differentiation，lymphovascular space invasion，or parametrial invasion. Clustering analysis based on tumors showed that compared with the cluster 1，patients in the cluster 2 had a more advanced postoperative International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics（FIGO）stage[ⅡA and above：22/72（30.6%） vs. 56/92（60.9%），P=0.001]，a higher probability of lymph node metastasis[9/72（12.5%）vs. 30/92（32.6%），P=0.002]，larger tumor size[short diameter：（16.67 ± 6.32）mm vs.（28.38 ± 9.73）mm，long diameter：（21.02 ± 7.39）mm vs.（34.34 ± 9.72）mm，height：（18.93 ± 8.01）mm vs.（29.92 ± 10.61）mm，all P ＜ 0.001]，and deeper stromal invasion[＞2/3：26/72（36.1%）vs. 62/92（67.4%），P ＜ 0.001]. Clustering analysis based on lymph nodes showed that no significant differences between the two clusters in short axis，long axis，short - to - long axis ratio，signal，border，or lymph node metastasis. Conclusion：Associations between radiomics features and clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with CC could be identified by consensus clustering based on multiparametric MRI-based radiomics，suggesting possibilities for preoperative risk stratification.

97 Predictive value of preoperative multiregional multiparametric breast MRI radiomics for N2⁃3 stage axillary lymph nodes

LIN Jialu , CHEN Jiaxue , LOU Jianjuan , ZOU Qigui , WANG Siqi , JIANG Yanni

2025(2):185-195. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN241100

[Abstract](995) [HTML](593) [PDF 112.11 M](2467)

Abstract:
Objective：To develop and validate a radiomics nomogram based on intratumoral and peritumoral multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）for preoperative prediction of N2 - 3 stage axillary lymph node（ALN）in invasive breast cancer. Methods：We retrospectively analyzed 320 invasive breast cancer patients（224 in the training set and 96 in the validation set）who underwent preoperative standardized breast MRI from January 2018 to December 2019. Based on the number of axillary metastatic lymph nodes in the pathological reports，patients were divided into N0-1 group（fewer than 4 metastatic nodes）and N2-3 group（4 or more metastatic nodes）. Radiomics features associated with ALN stage were selected from three regions of interest（ROI）across five MRI sequences：intratumor，peritumor，and intratumor + peritumor. Three radiomics models（intratumoral model，peritumoral model， and intratumoral + peritumoral model）were constructed using a random forest（RF）classifier，and radiomics scores for each model were calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify clinical parameters and then constructed a clinical model. Features from the optimal radiomics model and clinical model were integrated to build a combined model and visualized as a nomogram. The predictive performance and clinical utility of each model were evaluated and compared using receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curves，calibration curves，and decision curve analysis（DCA）. Results：The intratumoral + peritumoral model performed best among the three radiomics models，with an area under the curve（AUC）of 0.911 and 0.858 in the training and validation sets，respectively. The nomogram integrating the intratumoral + peritumoral radiomics features and clinical features （peritumoral edema and lesion enhancement pattern）had the best predictive efficacy of N2-3 stage ALN among all models，with an AUC of 0.923 and 0.892 in the training and validation datasets，respectively. Calibration curves showed that the predicted values of the nomogram were in good agreement with the actual observed values. DCA demonstrated that the nomogram had high clinical utility. Conclusion：A nomogram constructed by multiregion multiparametric MRI radiomics features and clinical features has high value for personalized prediction of N2-3 stage ALN in invasive breast cancer.

98 Mechanisms of annexin A5 regulating ferroptosis sensitivity in melanoma cells

WANG Jiahui , LI Luqi , ZHANG Yue , ZHANG Xiaowen , ZHANG Jing

2025(2):157-164. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240844

[Abstract](836) [HTML](600) [PDF 5.73 M](1617)

Abstract:
Objective：To explore the correlation between the expression of annexin A5（ANXA5）and ferroptosis in melanoma. Methods：The expression of ANXA5 in melanoma was analyzed using The Human Protein Atlas data and further validated by immunohistochemistry on a human melanoma tissue microarray. The B16F10 melanoma cell line was used as the research model， where ANXA5 knockout cell lines were generated using CRISPR -Cas9 technology. The effect of ANXA5 knockout on ferroptosis in B16F10 cells was assessed using CCK - 8 and lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）assays. RNA - seq was further performed to identify the possible target molecules of ANXA5 related to ferroptosis，followed by validation. Additionally，the endogenous expression of ANXA5 in different melanoma cell lines was measured to confirm its regulatory role in ferroptosis sensitivity. Results：ANXA5 was aberrantly overexpressed in melanoma tissues，and knockingdown or knockingout ANXA5 promoted the sensitivity to ferroptosis in melanoma cells. Acyl - CoA synthetase long - chain family member 4（ACSL4）as a key regulator of ferroptosis，was negatively correlated with ANXA5 expression. Overexpression of ANXA5 reduced the level of ACSL4 and showed resistance to ferroptosis. Conclusion：In melanoma cells，downregulation of ANXA5 enhanced the sensitivity to ferroptosis via upregulating ACSL4，suggesting that ANXA5 may be a potential target of ferroptosis-based therapy in melanoma.

99 Screening of DNA aptamers for subtype of breast cancer cells by using SELEX

PAN Xianjun , LIU Mei , LI Guangxin , XU Faliang

2025(2):147-156. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240809

[Abstract](1777) [HTML](464) [PDF 31.15 M](2590)

Abstract:
Objective：To get DNA aptamers binding to different subtypes of breast cancer cells. Methods：A random double - stranded DNA（dsDNA）pool was established by PCR，and single-stranded DNA（ssDNA）library was separated from the dsDNA pool by coated sepharose. Based on subtractive cell - systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment（SELEX），the in vitro cultured breast cancer cells，MCF -7 and MDA -MB -231，were alternately used as positive screening targets while normal mammary gland cell MCF - 10A as negative. The effect of PCR amplification and the recovery of aptamer were confirmed by agarose electrophoresis. The PCR conditions were optimized through temperature gradient experiment，while the affinity of aptamers for target cells was monitored by using flow cytometry（FCM）. Cloning and sequencing of aptamers were carried out by conventional molecular biology techniques. The aptamers were preliminarily screened by sequence analysis，and DNA aptamers were selected by FCM，laser confocal and immunofluorescence staining. Results：A random ssDNA library was successfully established，and the screening conditions of SELEX were optimized. Specific DNA aptamers for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were obtained after 20 runs’tandem crossed cell-SELEX. Of 100 positive sequenced clones，72 aptamers were identified. Accurate alignment of Blastn implied no similar sequence to the 72 submitted aptamers. Five aptamers were preliminarily screened by sequence analysis，and two aptamers which could bind to breast cancer subtype tissue cells were obtained by optimization experiment. Conclusion：By using the tandem crossed cell -SELEX，DNA aptamers of broad -spectrum combing with clinical breast cancer subtypes can be obtained in a short time，which may be helpful for the targeted drug delivery system of breast cancer.

100 Progress in the assessment of indicators related to nocturnal intermittent hypoxia

XIE Kui , GUO Hua , CUI Xiaochuan

2025(1):91-97,126. DOI: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240696

[Abstract](848) [HTML](820) [PDF 1.37 M](1484)

Abstract:
Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disease，the prevalence of which is increasing year by year，and the nocturnal intermittent hypoxia triggered by it is closely related to a variety of adverse health outcomes，therefore，it is a hotspot to search for a simple，reliable and comprehensive index to assess intermittent night hypoxia in recent years. In this paper，we summarized the different evaluation methods of the indexes related to nocturnal intermittent anoxia，including the frequency（oxygen saturation decline index），duration（time when oxygen saturation is below 90% and saturation damage time），and hypoxia amplitude（lowest oxygen saturation，oxygen saturation decline amplitude），etc，and comprehensive assessment indicators such as hypoxic load，hypoxic load index，hypoxic load，and sleep-disordered breathing index，etc.