The article measured and analyzed the static and dynamic efficiency values of medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province from 2016 to 2020 using the three ? stage DEA model and Malmquist index，respectively. The study showed that，the overall efficiency of health care expenditure in Anhui Province was low regardless the influence of environmental factors and random disturbance terms. External environmental factors significantly affected the efficiency of medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province，with population density and urbanization rate showing positive effects，while GDP per capita，medical and health expenditure ratio and fiscal decentralization having negative effects. After excluding the influence of external environmental and random noise factors，the efficiency of medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province has improved significantly，while the increase of pure technical efficiency was the key factor to the improvement of comprehensive technical efficiency. The results of Malmquist index showed that there was a scaled economic effect on medical and health expenditure in Anhui Province，which was mainly constrained by technological progress. The efficiency of medical and health expenditure in the province was generally decreasing during the 13th Five?Year Plan period.