This paper applied the Decision theory of management to systematically expound and analyzed the relevant factors that affected the health care seeking behavior of cancer patients. The main characteristics of cancer patients’health care seeking behavior were summarized from five dimensions: when to seek health care， where to seek health care，decision on medical treatment，communication between doctors and patients and payment for medical expenses. In order to improve the scientificity of clinical decision?making，this paper puts forward the cultural literacy and basic requirements that the cancer patients and their relatives should have. It is essential to guide cancer patients to seek health care scientifically，maximize the advantages of health policies and improve the efficiency of medical resource utilization to promote doctor ? patient communication，medical experience and the effect of cancer prevention and treatment.