Under the background of the rapid development of the biopharmaceutical industry and the sharp increasing import and export volume of special products with the complex situation of the pandemic of COVID? 19，this article introduces and compares the supervision mechanism of import and export of special products in China and the United States in detail. It analyzes the legislative loopholes，information silos，regulatory blind spots，regulatory gaps and detection difficulties in the supervision of special products in China. Accordingly，we propose to establish a whole?chain management model for high?risk special inbound products in China. On the premise of ensuring the safety supervision of high?risk special products，we suggest to explore and promote the establishment of laws that are compatible with the domestic and international biosecurity situation and the supervision needs of special products. In addition to this，we also recommend to cooperate with multiple departments to optimize and improve the supervision mechanism of special products after the entry. With above measures we can effectively solve the difficulties of entry inspection of special products and supervision blind spots，and improve the level of customs clearance facilitation，thus making the supervision of the entry of high? risk special products more complete and efficient to support the biopharmaceutical industry become bigger and stronger with scientific regulation.