Based on the three ? stage SBM model and the Malmquist index method，the article conducted static and dynamic evaluation of the allocation efficiency of medical and health resources in 31 provinces and cities (excluding Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan regions) in China from 2015 to 2020. The results showed that after eliminating environmental factors and random errors，the average comprehensive efficiency of health resource allocation in China from 2015 to 2020 was 0.720，and the average total factor productivity was 0.937. Among them，the technological progress index decreased by 5.4%，the pure technical efficiency change index decreased by 0.7%，and the scale efficiency change index decreased by 0.3%. From 2015 to 2020，the overall efficiency of health resource allocation in China is low and on a downward trend，with obvious constraints on technological progress. There are large differences in the allocation efficiency between regions and provinces； regional gross domestic product，resident population and urbanization levels have a significant impact on allocation efficiency. It is suggested to improve efficiency based on appropriate development scale and driven by technological progress；focusing on regional coordination，enhancing the balance，fairness and accuracy of health resource input；and using the improvement of the external environment as a breakthrough，to improve the health service system.