Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)are a kind of chronic noninfectious diseases caused by multiple factors，with the highest morbidity and mortality among all diseases. CVD not only poses a severe threat to human health but also brings enormous economic burdens to individuals，families，and even society. It is a major problem that must be solved in social and economic development. Under the dual pressures of aged population and the expanded prevalence of metabolic risk factors，the incidence of CVD increases in China. It puts forward new requirements for preventive and treatmental strategies and various resource allocations including medical resources. Based on a systematic review of the health and socioeconomic impacts of CVD in China and around the world over the past 20 years，this paper proposes targeted recommendations for the prevention and control of CVD，including specific measures to keep cardiovascular healthy，main strategies to build a novel pattern of disease prevention and control，and ideas to improve the management of chronic diseases by primary medical institutions. The aim is to effectively curb and reverse the trend of increasing morbidity and mortality of CVD by carrying out comprehensive actions by means of a top-level design and unified coordination in multiple fields.