To explore the resource allocation efficiency and its influencing factors of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in 30 provinces during the 13th Five - Year Plan period，the BCC model was established to calculate the average value of resource allocation efficiency of TCM hospitals in China during the past 5 years， based on the data of China Health Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook from 2016 to 2020，using Tobit model of panel data to verify the proposed hypothesis and discover the factors affecting efficiency. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period，the resource allocation of TCM hospitals in 30 provinces was DEA effective in 4, weak effective in 6，and ineffective in 20. The doctor allocation density and the ratio of medical and nursing administrators have significant negative and positive effects on the overall efficiency of resource allocation in TCM hospitals. The spatial distribution density and competition between TCM and Western medicine have significant negative and positive effects on the scale efficiency of resource allocation in TCM hospitals，respectively. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period，the resource allocation efficiency of TCM hospitals in most provinces of China still needs to be improved. The existing resources should be allocated as a whole，the level of medical technology should be raised，and the personnel structure should be set up reasonably. We should establish a flexible incentive mechanism，attach equal importance to both Chinese and Western medicine，and give prominence to the characteristics of Chinese medicine.