This paper briefly reviewed the discovery history of color blindness and traced back the earliest detection methods of color blindness at domestic and abroad. At the same time，this paper retrospectively reviewed the process of the Color blindness Test Chart developed by Professor Yu Ziping in response to the needs of national construction after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. This paper considered that Professor Yu Ziping’s Color Blindness Test Chart is currently the most influential and widely used examination chart in China while also analyzing the characteristics，values and shortcomings of this examination chart. We believe that developing more accurate and objective detector would be the future trend.