The rational allocation of health resources is the key to promoting a balanced and sustainable development of healthcare. This paper took the China Statistical Yearbook and China Health Statistical Yearbook as data sources，and comprehensively used the Gini coefficient and the Thiel index to measure the balance of primary healthcare resource allocation in China. The results show that the per capita ownership of primary healthcare resources in China has increased yearly，yet there is still regional differentiation. The balance of the allocation of primary healthcare resources in China is generally good，but the allocation within the region is prominent. The number of beds varies greatly between regions and increases year by year. Human resources for health are concentrated in developed regions. Therefore，this paper suggests combining the total amount and structure of health resources to ensure the long-term stable development of primary healthcare undertakings. We also recommend placing equal emphasis within and between regions to guide the rational flow of healthcare resources；optimize the distribution structure of bed numbers，and strengthen the development of human resources for health in underdeveloped areas.