In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China，the Communist Party of China （CPC） led and mobilized the people of all ethnic groups to carry out a vigorous patriotic health campaign. From the perspective of historical generation，the patriotic health movement from 1949 to 1955 was mainly aimed at eliminating diseases that endangered people’s health and crushing the American germ warfare conspiracy. From 1956 to 1959，the patriotic health movement mainly focused on eliminating pests and diseases and promoting the development of agricultural productivity. From the fundamental practice perspective，the first is political mobilization，adhering to the leadership of the CPC. The second is mass mobilization，adhering to implementing the Party’s mass line. The third is publicity and mobilization，enriching the form and content of publicity. From the perspective of significant achievements，we have shattered the American bacterial warfare conspiracy，improved backward health conditions，and reduced the incidence of social diseases.