The free training of rural order-oriented medical students in China is a key measure to improve primary medical diagnosis and treatment，strengthen the construction of general practice teams，and supplement grass-roots medical talents. Based on the multi-source classic elements，a two-dimensional policy analysis framework is constructed to systematically analyze the free training policy of rural order-oriented medical students in China. The study found that the policy has undergone three stages: introduction and implementation， continuous promotion and comprehensive deepening. It is vital to face the problem’s origins，follow the policy and grasp the political origin while seizing the opportunity to open the policy window. In the future，the policy of free training of directed medical students in China should improve the policy mechanism of free talent training， optimize the convergence effect of policy implementation， grasp the growth track of targeted directional medical students，and give full play to the joint forces of intervention measures.