This article constructs a coupling and coordination model between the health level of residents and the level of economic development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt，analyzes the coupling and coordination development relationship and trend between the two systems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2017 to 2021，and further explores its spatial distribution pattern and correlation characteristics. The results showed that the difference in development levels between the two systems gradually narrowed，but the level of economic development still lagged behind the level of health. The average coupling coordination degree increased from 0.556 to 0.647，showing a spatial pattern distribution of“high downstream，low middle and upper reaches”，indicating the existence of regional imbalances. The global Moran index is all greater than 0， indicating the existence of convergent clustering. The results of local spatial autocorrelation analysis are concentrated in high high clustering areas and low low clustering areas. The research results provide reference for promoting the improvement of the health level and economic development level of residents in the Yangtze River Economic Belt region，and promoting coordinated development between the two systems.