In order to understand the factors of students’enthusiasm and anxiety about marriage and fertility，and to provide a basis for eliminating or relieving the anxiety about marriage and fertility，this paper adopts the semi-structured interview method to conduct focus group interviews with 12 randomly selected medical college students from different majors，extract key information，and follow the steps of the grounded theory research method. By using the qualitative analysis software NVivo11plus to code and analyze the data， four core categories of medical college students’marriage attitude，fertility attitude，marriage anxiety and fertility anxiety are summarized and discussed respectively. The study found that the interviewed students yearn for a happy marriage and childbearing with ripe timing and complete conditions，but the contradiction between ideal and reality forms resistance and becomes the source of marriage and fertility anxiety. According to the above，the author puts forward some suggestions to solve the anxiety of marriage and fertility.