Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study（CHARLS）in 2020 and adopts the Anderson health behavior model for reference，to examine the influencing factors of the utilization of hospitalization services among middle-aged and older residents in China. Of 14 491 residents，2 285（15.8%） used inpatient services in the past year. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that gender，age，smoking， drinking，self - rated health status，chronic disease conditions and activity of daily living（ADL）were the influencing factors of inpatient service utilization of middle - aged and older residents（P＜0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that gender，smoking and drinking were correlated with inpatient service utilization（P＜0.05）. In general，we should focus on the groups over 60 years old，males，smokers，drinkers with poor self - rated health，and those suffered from a higher number of chronic diseases and ADL impairment. It is vital to accurately grasp the actual needs of this group，and provide safe，effective，reliable and high - quality medical and health services.