To define the concept and connotation of“fertility stress of childbearing women for another child”，this study systematically searched 7 databases，including PubMed，for studies focused on fertility stress in women of childbearing age from the establishment of the database to October 2023. The literature was screened according to inclusion criteria，and Rodgers’evolutionary concept analysis was applied to analyze the literature. A total of 34 studies were included. The literature review found that the fertility stress of childbearing women having another child includes three conceptual attributes：（1）directed at women of childbearing age who have given birth（object），（2）originating when a woman intends to have another child（situation），and（3）the stress is multidimensional（manifestation）. Antecedents involved both macro-level and micro-level factors. Consequences focused on causing fertility anxiety， inhibiting fertility intention， and influencing fertility behavior among childbearing women. Future researchers are recommended to combine the concept and connotation of fertility stress of childbearing women for another child to further conduct comprehensive and in-depth research on the level，formation，and regulation of fertility stress among women of childbearing stage.