At present，low fertility has become one of the major concerns among all sectors of society. As part of the childbearing age group，medical school teachers encounter intense developmental conflicts and fertility challenges under the dual pressure of“fertility-education”. The article utilizes the theoretical sampling method by selecting 22 teachers from a medical school in Nanjing to conduct semi -structured interviews，and conducts a qualitative study of the primary data through the grounded theory to understand the current situation and influencing factors of this group’s fertility intention. Based on the three - level coding，we sort out 27 conceptual categories，nine initial categories，three main categories and one core category and construct a theoretical model by developing a story line. The study finds that medical school teachers have both conservative fertility attitudes and low fertility intentions. Balancing personal development pursuits with family responsibilities is difficult，and that ideal conditions for childbearing do not match the objective realities. Accordingly，the study puts forward corresponding recommendations.