With the rapid development of assisted reproductive technology，sperm cryopreservation has played a crucial role in supporting fertility treatment and preserving male fertility. However，there are still hidden risks in sperm bank management. These risks include cross-contamination，storage equipment failures， and improper personnel operation. This paper focuses on these challenges and proposes corresponding optimization strategies. This paper aims to provide scientific evidence and practical guidance for sperm bank management to support the fertility treatment of patients.