In the healthcare decision-making system，the patient is the primary subject to exercise the right of informed consent. However，under special circumstances such as when the patient lacks of consent ability， when protective medical practice is implemented，or express authorization，close relatives may exercise the right of informed consent on behalf of the patient in accordance with the law. Nevertheless，the exercise of the right of informed consent by close relatives faces three practical challenges. Firstly， current laws do not clearly define the scope of close relatives and lack provisions on the order of proxy. Secondly，there may be disagreements between close relatives and the patient regarding the best interests of the patient. Thirdly，there is a lack of effective remedies for close relatives to abuse their proxy right of informed consent. To establish a scientifically reasonable proxy decision - making mechanism，it is essential to adopt the decision - making principle centered on the“best interests of the patient”. The scope and proxy order of the patient's close relatives should be further clarified. This study also proposes to develop a resolution mechanism for resolving conflicts of opinion among close relatives of patients and establish relief proceedings for cases involving abuse of proxy rights.