From the 1950s to the 1970s， schistosomiasis seriously threatened public health， social stability，and economic development in Jiangsu Province. In response to the schistosomiasis and to treat the affected population，Jiangsu Province has selected chemical drugs such as antimony potassium tartrate and antimony -273，supplemented with traditional Chinese medicine methods for treatment. Through this combined model of traditional Chinese and Western medicine，Jiangsu has achieved remarkable results in schistosomiasis control and accumulated valuable experience. This practice highlights the significance of the scientific coordination between Chinese and Western medicines，guided by the Party and promotes the transformation of traditional Chinese medicine toward modernization. Through drug innovation and iteration，the epidemic and disease conditions in Jiangsu have been effectively controlled. This provides a practical model for the construction of the public health response system and the major epidemic prevention and control treatment system in the People’s Republic of China，which also offers historical references and practical inspirations for addressing public health emergencies and preventing and controlling major infectious diseases in the new era.