The article examines the evolution of medical narratives regarding influenza from a historical perspective，revealing their interactive logic with society and technology. Ancient narratives centered on empirical observation and cultural logic，constructing early explanatory models despite limitations in the understanding of microbial. The modern narrative，marked by the 1918“Spanish Flu”reflected a tension between“scientific rationality and social structure”in which scientific rationality fostered systematic symptom documentation and exploration of viral mechanisms，while social criticism intensified，exposing wartime political distortions and other controversies. In the contemporary era，driven by technological revolutions and interdisciplinary integration， narratives demonstrate an integration of“technology-society systems”，characterized by molecular biology analyzes viruses，systematization and scientific advancement of prevention and control strategies，and expansion of narrative frameworks. The evolution of influenza medical narratives signifies a leap in human understanding of disease， reflecting shifts in sociocultural and technological development. The findings suggest that enhancing public health literacy and advancing medical innovation are key to addressing future public health emergencies.